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Habi s o heal hy li ing in adul s o me a hle es o ede a ed
compe i ion in he modali y o olleyball in he p o ince o
Jaen
JUAN TORRES GUERRERO1, RAFAEL FRANCISCO CARACUEL CÁLIZ2,3
1
, DIEGO COLLADO
FERNÁNDEZ1, BEATRIZ TORRES CAMPOS1, JUAN ANTONIO PÁRRAGA MONTILLA4, MAR CEPERO
GONZÁLEZ1
1Facul y o Educa ion Sciences. Uni e si y o G anada. G anada, Spain.
2Facul y o Educa ion. In e na ional Uni e si y o La Rioja. Log oño, Spain.
3Facul y o Educa ion. In e na ional Uni e si y o Valencia. Valencia, Spain.
4Facul y o Humani ies and Educa ion Sciences. Uni e si y o Jaén. Jaén, Spain.
ABSTRACT
The main objec i e o his esea ch is o know he heal hy li es yle habi s o people who pa icipa ed in ede a ed
compe i ions in olleyball in he p o ince o Jaén once hei compe i i e s age has ended. The e o e, o in es iga e
whe he people who in hei adolescence and you h p ac iced a ede a ed compe i i e spo in olleyball, main ain
heal hy li es yle habi s, e e ing o die , quali y o sleep, le el o physical ac i i y p ac ice and hei physical condi ion,
in hei s age o adul hood and senio i y. This esea ch has been ca ied ou hough a desc ip i e, c oss-sec ional,
single measu emen (A o e al., 2013), and in e p e i e esea ch; in which o me a hle es esponded o a ques ionnai e
abou hei daily habi s ela ed o heal h; In addi ion, o know he in o ma ion h ough sel -comple ed su eys by hose
who we e cap ains and echnicians o he olleyball clubs, in o de o be e unde s and hei cu en heal hy habi s.
The o al numbe o subjec s s udied was 199 people, o which 18 we e cap ains and 21 we e coaches. When asking
people abou hei ea ing habi s, he majo i y alues co espond o he esponse op ion “good”, bo h in women (61.5%)
and in men (48.8%). The di e en g oups o pa icipan s in he esea ch s a e ha hey a ach g ea impo ance o
ea ing habi s, nu i ion, and die quali y in hei daily li es. 84.6% o women and 91.9% o men conside ha hei cu en
le el o physical i ness is based on he spo s p ac ice o hei you h. Physical-spo s p ac ice as a heal hy li es yle
habi is inco po a ed as a heal hy li es yle habi mos ly in he o me a hle es and spo s echnicians pa icipa ing in his
esea ch.
Keywo ds: Spo medicine, Fo me compe i i e a hle es, Olde adul s, Nu i ion, Quali y o li e.
1
Co esponding au ho . Facul y o Educa ion. In e na ional Uni e si y o La Rioja. Log oño, Spain.
E-mail: a ael ancisco.ca acuel[email p o ec ed]
Submi ed o publica ion Ma ch 21, 2024.
Accep ed o publica ion Ap il 18, 2024.
Published Ap il 23, 2024.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISE ISSN 1988-5202.
© Asociación Española de Análisis del Rendimien o Depo i o. Spain.
doi: h ps://doi.o g/10.55860/a36hg406
Ci e his a icle as:
To es Gue e o, J., Ca acuel Cáliz, R. F., Collado Fe nández, D., To es Campos, B., Pá aga Mon illa, J. A., & Cepe o González, M. (2024).
Habi s o heal hy li ing in adul s o me a hle es o ede a ed compe i ion in he modali y o olleyball in he p o ince o Jaen. Jou nal o
Human Spo and Exe cise, 19(3), 827-845. h ps://doi.o g/10.55860/a36hg406
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INTRODUCTION
When we alk abou li es yle, we e e o a se o beha iou s ha de elop h oughou he li e o a human being
due o he in luence o a ious a eas such as amily, iends and he media, which a e exp essed in he daily
li e o human beings and he e o e cha ac e ize he way o li ing and being o e e y pe son (Iba a-Mo a e
al., 2019; López-Villa , 2011). In he case o heal hy li es yles, hey a e closely ela ed o a balanced die ,
main aining body weigh , bad physical ac i i y, and abs aining om alcohol and obacco consump ion, among
o he s (Sanab ia, 2007). All o his is co obo a ed h ough esea ch s udies ha demons a e he impo ance
o die and bad physical ac i i y o achie e a good quali y o li e (Po ela-Pino e al., 2022).
Physical inac i i y inc eases in many coun ies, conside ably in luencing he p e alence o non-
communicable diseases and he gene al heal h o he wo ld popula ion. Humani y aces a g ea challenge in
he coming decades, mani es ed in a seden a y li es yle and lack o exe cise ha a ec men al heal h and
he quali y o li e o socie y (Moscoso e al., 2009), as con i med by da a om he Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion
(2010), e ealing ha a leas 60% o he wo ld's popula ion does no ca y ou he physical ac i i y necessa y
o ob ain heal h bene i s, becoming he ou h mos impo an isk ac o o mo ali y wo ldwide (Ba bosa -
G anados and U ea-Cuélla (2018). The e o e, i physical ac i i y is ca ied ou sys ema ically and
con inuously, g ea e heal h p o ec ion can be achie ed, as well as p e en ion o di e en diso de s hanks
o he physical and psychological bene i s i p o ides. pe o ming physical exe cise (Sánchez-Ba e a e al.,
1995).Adop ing a mo e ac i e li es yle can p omo e espi a o y, ca dio ascula and locomo o unc ion, as
well as de elop and main ain muscle s eng h, imp o e pos u al ac i i y, e c. (Rome o-G anados e al., 2006).
In he case o ou esea ch, we wan , h ough he iangula ion o he in o ma ion p o ided by he di e en
ins umen s used, o e i y he heal hy li es yle habi s ha he a hle es in he sample p ac ice in hei daily
li es. Taking in o accoun ha ad ances in heal h sciences, including human nu i ion, ha e allowed li e
expec ancy o be d ama ically p olonged, gene ics a e decisi e in his g ea e li e expec ancy, bu he e a e
also o he se ies o ac o s ha include he same, among which s ands ou an adequa e die , good quali y o
sleep and a heal hy li es yle, which includes bad exe cise acco ding o indi idual physical condi ion (Amado -
Muñoz & Es eban-Ibáñez, 2015).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
S udy design
We can conside ha ou s udy is a desc ip i e, c oss-sec ional, single measu emen (A o e al., 2013), and
in e p e i e esea ch, since i aims o collec and analyse in o ma ion, in a way ha allows us o know and
in e p e he eali y s udied and complemen i . wi h he da a ob ained quan i a i ely and quali a i ely (La o e-
Bel án e . al., 2003).
A quan i a i e echnique (ques ionnai e) has been used o ob ain in o ma ion on he pe sonal p o ile, he
spo s i ine a ies ollowed by he subjec s pa icipa ing in he esea ch, as well as o know he ans e o
hese lea nings o daily li e, and o gi e he b oades ision. possible o he p oblem posed. The use o
ques ionnai es is he mos used measu ing ins umen in some disciplines such as psychology, bu i is also
widely used in spo s sciences o know he heal h habi s o he a hle es in he sample (Ba bado and Ma ínez
-Mo eno, 2021; Ca as-Ga cía e al., 2021; Ha o-González e al., 2018).
To p epa e he ques ionnai e, o he p e ious s udies ha e been aken in o accoun ha ha e analysed he
pe sonal and p o essional p o ile and spo ing i ine a ies o ede a ed compe i ion playe s in he olleyball
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modali y. Fo his s udy, he ques ionnai e “Adhe ence o physical-spo s p ac ice, and heal hy habi s o
compe i i e a hle es in he olleyball modali y o he p o ince o Jaén” (CAPDV-1) has been designed. This
ques ionnai e has been de eloped and alida ed h ough he Delphi Technique. Reguan -Ál a ez and
To ado-Fonseca (2016) conside ha he Delphi Technique “is an in o ma ion collec ion echnique ha
allows ob aining he opinion o a g oup o expe s h ough o epea ed consul a ion.” The ques ionnai e has
been passed and comple ed by he a hle es pa icipa ing in he esea ch.
The in o ma ion has been complemen ed wi h quali a i e echniques. To his end, wo Sel -Comple ed
Su eys (one o eam cap ains and ano he o coaches) ha e been designed and alida ed ( h ough he
Delphi Technique) o be e unde s and he mos impo an aspec s o he p oblem. The goal o quali a i e
s udies is o p o ide a deep, in e p e ed unde s anding o pa icipan s based on con ex , expe iences, and
s o ies (Gepha , 2004; Veal and Da cy, 2014). Some esea che s (Skinne e al., 2020; Veal and Da cy,
2014) ha e de eloped s udies wi h he objec i e o c ea ing, adap ing and p esen ing esea ch me hods, da a
collec ion ins umen s and da a analysis echniques o quali a i e esea ch on mo i a ion opics. and
adhe ence o physical-spo s p ac ice.
Unde he name o pa adigm we ha e encompassed me hodologies sha ed by esea che s and educa o s
ha adop a ce ain concep ion o he educa ional p ocess (De Miguel, 1988). Each pa adigm is cha ac e ized
by a common way o esea ch, p esen ing i s ad an ages and disad an ages and, al hough hey a e based
on di e en assump ions, i is possible o combine he con ibu ions om an eclec ic pe spec i e (La o e e .
al., 2003). We do no in end o con as he da a ha we ob ain h ough one esea ch me hodology and
ano he , bu a he o combine hem in he same esea ch p ojec based on ou objec i es, bo h unc ioning
in a complemen a y way (Ca acuel-Cáliz, 2016; Cues a-San os, 2013; Ma ínez-Pé ez , 2012; O ega-
Bece a, 2010; O alle-Pé ez, 2011; Paloma es-Cuad os, 2003; Ramí ez-A abal, 2018; Rod íguez-Bailón,
2012; So o-González, 2011).
Finally, me hodological in eg a ion has been ca ied ou h ough he concep ha Denzin and Licoln (2000)
call “ iangula ion model” and ha Ca acuel-Cáliz (2016) has p oposed in p e ious wo ks; Cima o-U bano,
2013; Collado-Fe nández (2005); Cues a-San os (2014); Fuen es-Jus icia (2011); Ma ínez-Pé ez (2012);
O ega-Bece a (2010); O alle-Pé ez (2011); Paloma es-Cuad os (2003), Rod íguez-Bailón (2012), To es-
Campos (2008), Vílchez-Ba oso (2007), among o he s, alluding o he possibili y o being mo e su e o he
esul s ob ained i we use a ious da a collec ion echniques. da a, as each has i s own ad an ages and
biases.
Con ex
The con ex in which he esea ch is ca ied ou is he p o ince o Jaén, whose capi al is he Spanish
municipali y o he same name, loca ed in he Au onomous Communi y o Andalusia. Speci ically, he
esea ch has been ca ied ou in he Spo s Clubs and En i ies o he owns o Andúja and Jaén.
Pa icipan s
In ou esea ch we ha e used he non-p obabilis ic sampling me hod called by Ca asco and Calde e o
(2000) "acciden al o casual sampling". The Sample has been ex ac ed om he o al popula ion o a hle es
who mee he inclusion c i e ia p oposed o his esea ch. To de e mine he size o he popula ion ha mee s
he p oposed equi emen s, we ha e had he collabo a ion o he Andalusian Volleyball Fede a ion, as well
as he adminis a i e and echnical manage s o he selec ed clubs. In o al, he popula ion ha mee s he
equi emen s exp essed abo e is 261 a hle es, o which 210 a e men and 51 women, aged be ween 41 and
72 yea s.
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The quan i a i e sample (ques ionnai es) is dis ibu ed as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1. Dis ibu ion o he sample by age and gende g oups.
Gende /Age
Bo n be o e
1960
Bo n be ween
1960-1966
Bo n be ween
1967-1973
Bo n be ween
1974-1980
To al
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
Women
0
0
0
0
22
34.9
17
43.6
39
19.6
Men
52
100.0
45
100.0
41
65.1
22
56.4
160
80.4
To al
52
100.0
45
100.0
63
100.0
39
100.0
199
100.0
Table 2. Dis ibu ion by age, g oup, gende and o als.
Women
Men
To al
N
M age
D.T.
N
M age
D.T.
N
M age
D.T.
G oup 1
-
-
-
52
64.96
2.72
52
64.96
2.72
G oup 2
-
-
-
45
58.15
2.02
45
58.15
2.02
G oup 3
22
50.54
1.62
41
51.48
1.76
63
51.15
1.74
G oup 4
17
43.35
1.76
22
44.27
2.65
39
43.87
2.33
To al
39
47.41
3.97
160
56.75
7.51
199
54.91
7.88
In ela ion o he ype o quali a i e sampling, Tója (2006), ollowing Pa on (1990), iden i ies up o en
di e en ypes o sampling. Fo ou esea ch we ha e used he so-called "logical c i e ion sampling" which is
based on including all a ailable cases ha mee some c i e ion o in e es o he in es iga ion.
Table 3. Composi ion o he sample o eam cap ains.
Age
Expe ience as cap ain
Academic deg ee
Cap ain 1
G4
3-5
Deg ee
Cap ain 2
G3
3-5
Deg ee
Cap ain 3
G4
10-15
Unde g adua e deg ee
Cap ain 4
G3
3-5
A chi ec u e
Cap ain 5
G2
3-5
Deg ee
Cap ain 6
G1
3-5
Unde g adua e deg ee
Cap ain 7
G1
6-10
Deg ee
Cap ain 8
G2
6-10
Deg ee
Cap ain 9
G2
3-5
Enginee ing
Cap ain 10
G2
10-15
Deg ee
Cap ain 11
G2
6-10
Deg ee
Cap ain 12
G2
6-10
Unde g adua e deg ee
Cap ain 13
G2
6-10
Deg ee
Cap ain 14
G4
Mo e han 25
Deg ee
Cap ain 15
G3
6-10
Unde g adua e deg ee
Cap ain 16
G3
3-5
Unde g adua e deg ee
Cap ain 17
G1
3-5
Deg ee
Cap ain 18
G3
3-5
Unde g adua e deg ee
No e. G1 = Bo n be o e 1960. G2 = Bo n be ween 1960-1966. G3 = Bo n/as be ween 1967-1973. G4 = Bo n/as be ween 1974-1980.
In he i s sel -comple ed Su ey, 18 eam cap ains (14 men and 4 women) om he clubs speci ied in he
sample pa icipa ed, wi h he cha ac e is ics desc ibed in Table 3. In he second sel -comple ed su ey, 21
coaches (4 women and 17 men) om he clubs and eams speci ied in he sample pa icipa ed.
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Table 4. Composi ion o he sample o coaches.
Age
Le el
Expe ience (yea s)
Maximum Le el/Ca ego y o compe i ion
Coach 1
65
Le el II
25
Na ional Fi s Di ision
Coach 2
71
Le el III
15
Andalusian Fi s Di ision
Coach 3
70
Le el III
24
Hono a y Di ision
Coach 4
52
Le el I
6
P o incial ca ego y
Coach 5
62
Le el III
10
Regional compe i ions
Coach 6
51
Le el II
9
Second Na ional Di ision
Coach 7
50
Le el III
25
P o incial selec ion
Coach 8
52
Le el II
35
Andalusian Fi s Di ision
Coach 9
69
Le el II
8
Second Na ional Di ision
Coach 10
52
Le el I
10
Regional compe i ions
Coach 11
56
Le el III
35
Supe league 2
Coach 12
54
Le el II
15
Andalusian Fi s Di ision
Coach 13
65
Le el III
21
Na ional Fi s Di ision
Coach 14
56
Le el III
30
Andalusian Fi s Di ision
Coach 15
48
Le el II
20
Andalusian Fi s Di ision
Coach 16
58
Le el II
10
Andalusian Fi s Di ision
Coach 17
63
Le el III
10
Na ional Fi s Di ision
Coach 18
67
Le el II
3
P o incial ca ego y
Coach 19
50
Le el I
6
P o incial ca ego y
Coach 20
72
Le el IV
29
Junio na ional eam
Coach 21
48
Le el I
6
P o incial ca ego y
Ins umen s
As we ha e p e iously e e enced, ou me hodology in eg a es wo ypes o echniques, on he one hand, a
quali a i e echnique (Sel -comple ed Su ey o eam cap ains and coaches) and a quan i a i e echnique
(Ques ionnai e o he a hle es in he sample), o collec in o ma ion. , wi h he in en ion o combining his
me hodological s uc u e.
Rega ding he quan i a i e echnique, we ha e used a ques ionnai e (Annex 1) p epa ed ad-hoc, and
alida ed o his esea ch h ough he Delphi Technique, o ob ain in o ma ion in di e en a eas: on he one
hand we wan o know you pe sonal p o ile, academic, p o essional and spo s; On he o he hand, we wan
o in es iga e he heal hy and unheal hy habi s o he esea ch pa icipan s, as well as e i y hei adhe ence
and mo i a ion owa ds he p ac ice o physical ac i i y.
Fo he p epa a ion and alida ion o he ques ionnai e (“Adhe ence o physical-spo s p ac ice, and heal hy
habi s o ede a ed compe i ion a hle es in he olleyball modali y o he p o ince o Jaén” - CAPDV-1), we
ha e used he Delphi me hod, which consis s o a echnique o ob aining in o ma ion, based on consul ing
expe s in an a ea, in o de o ob ain he mos eliable consensus opinion o he g oup consul ed. These
expe s a e indi idually submi ed o a se ies o in-dep h ques ionnai es ha a e in e spe sed wi h eedback
on wha was exp essed by he g oup and ha , based on an open explo a ion, a e successi e e u ns,
p oduce an opinion ha ep esen s he g oup (Reguan -Ál a ez and To ado -Fonseca, 2016).
Once all he modi ica ions o he ques ionnai e, p oposed by he expe s pa icipa ing in he Delphi, ha e
been made, he pilo ques ionnai e is p epa ed. The ques ionnai e is sen o 24 people om di e en a eas
o olleyball: a hle es, e e ees, delega es, club and ede a ion di ec o s, and spo s manage s. 22 people
espond in a imely manne , and wi h he sugges ions hey p opose, he inal ques ionnai e is p epa ed and
sen o he s udy sample o comple ion.

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Fo he quali a i e echnique we ha e used Sel -comple ed su eys, wi h which we ha e sough o know he
pe cep ions o he eam cap ains (Annex 2) and echnicians (Annex 3), and o compa e, h ough hei
in o ma ion, he opinions exp essed by he coaches, as well as hei ela ionship wi h he a hle es' esponses
in he ques ionnai es ha ha e been p o ided.
The sel -adminis e ed su ey is he su ey ha is ca ied ou using sel -adminis e ed ques ionnai es. This
modali y is called sel -adminis e ed (sel -comple ed) because, in gene al e ms, i dispenses wi h he need
o in e iewe s (Rod íguez-Bailón, 2012). Wi hin he ype o sel -adminis e ed su ey he e a e some
cha ac e is ic sub ypes: he mail su ey, he mail su ey and he hand-deli e ed su ey. In all cases, he
pe son who esponds is he one who comple es he ques ionnai e o su ey o m in acco dance wi h ce ain
ins uc ions ha mus be ex emely clea (Benjumea-Ál a ez, 2011). The design and alida ion o he sel -
comple ed Su eys used in ou esea ch has been ca ied ou h ough he Delphi Technique.
Wi h he con en o he ques ionnai e p epa ed by he expe s pa icipa ing in he Delphi Technique, ou
cap ains a e sen , one om each age g oup in he sample, o comple e i , eques ing he ime spen
comple ing i and he di icul ies encoun e ed. Pa icipan s in he pilo s udy a e ins uc ed o espond below
each ques ion, wi h no leng h limi . The con en o he pilo s udy is passed o he LimeSu ey compu e
applica ion.
RESULTS
Following he applica ion o he a o emen ioned ins umen s o ob ain da a, and a e analysis, he esul s
yielded in e es ing da a on pa ame e s ela ed o heal hy li ing habi s (adequa e ood and nu i ion, quali y o
sleep, adequa e physical-spo s ac i i y and equen , physical condi ion and heal h ela ionship), o ede a ed
compe i ion a hle es in he olleyball modali y o he p o ince o Jaén, once hei compe i i e s age has ended,
as a p ac ice o physical spo s ac i i y, ea ing and pos u al habi s, es , and we p esen hem iangula ing
he esul s ob ained by he ins umen s used.
Beginning wi h he global analysis o heal hy li ing habi s, he pa icipan s in he esea ch p esen opinions
in which hey ela e hei p ac ice o compe i i e olleyball du ing he yea s hey we e ac i e, wi h he heal hy
habi s ha hey p ac ice in hei daily li es. Th ough sel -adminis e ed su eys, hey highligh ed ha :
Volleyball has helped me… …c ea e heal hy habi s.
Playe 20 GR 4 (043-044) SHS
To c ea e heal hy habi s o my daily li e.
Playe 105 GR 3 (288-289) SHS
Ha e good heal h hanks o he habi s acqui ed.
Playe 139 GR 3 (393-394) SHS
In e nalize physical and spo s p ac ice in gene al li e habi s.
Playe 104 GR 3 (285) SHS
P ac icing olleyball has allowed me o acqui e heal hy habi s.
Playe 2 GR 1 (005-007) SHS
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Like he playe s pa icipa ing in his esea ch, he cap ains and spo s echnicians su eyed also exp ess he
impo ance ha he p ac ice o olleyball has had in inco po a ing heal hy li ing habi s in o hei daily li es.
Wi hou a doub none. The in luence o olleyball has been o alling on my heal hy li ing habi s.
Cap ain 14 G4 (277-278) HEVS
Yes, o cou se, i o ally in luenced my heal hy li es yle habi s.
Cap ain 16 G3 (279-280) HEVS
O cou se, i was key in my li e, i helped me in e e y hing. To main ain a heal hy li es yle.
Cap ain 18 G3 (285-286) HEVS
I always ied o main ain a line o heal hy li es yle habi s. S aying away om he ha m ul ones.
Cap ain 15 G3 (278-279) HEVS
Yeah! I makes you ocus on heal hy habi s and no o he s.
Cap ain 1 G4 (257) HEVS
Being a coach and doing so much physical ac i i y has had a e y posi i e in luence on my li es yle habi s.
Coach 3 E70 (669-670) SHS
The posi i e habi ou ines ha we e ansmi ed o he s uden s/playe s we e also in e nalized and had o be
pu in o p ac ice onesel .
Coach 6 E51 (677-678) SHS
Table 5. Feeding habi s.
Age
Bo n be o e
1973
Bo n be ween
1974-1980
Bo n be o e
1960
Bo n be ween
1960-1966
Bo n be ween
1967-1973
Bo n be ween
1974-1980
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
Ve y bad
1
4.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bad
2
9.1
2
11.8
5
9.6
7
15.6
4
9.8
3
13.6
No mal
5
22.7
3
17.6
22
42.3
10
22.2
11
26.8
8
36.4
Good
13
59.1
11
64.7
20
38.5
24
53.3
24
58.5
10
45.5
Ve y good
1
4.5
1
5.9
5
9.6
4
8.9
2
4.9
1
4.5
To al
22
100
17
100
52
100
45
100
41
100
22
100
Gende
Women
Men
N
%
N
%
Ve y bad
1
2.6
0
0
Bad
4
10.3
19
11.9
No mal
8
20.5
51
31.9
Good
24
61.5
78
48.8
Ve y good
2
5.1
12
7.5
To al
39
100
160
100
On he o he hand, when ques ioning a hle es abou hei ea ing habi s, he majo i y alues co espond o he
esponse op ion “good”, bo h in women (61.5%) and in men (48.8%). The second mos chosen op ion is o
conside ha hei ea ing habi s a e “no mal”, 20.5% o women say his and 31.9% o men do so. In his
global analysis we highligh ha he sum o he alues o he “good” and “ e y good” op ions in women
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eaches a alue o 66.6% and in men 56.3%. The da a lea es no oom o doub , women conside hei ea ing
habi s o be heal hie han hose o men.
In his sense, he pa icipan s in he esea ch s a e ha hey gi e g ea impo ance o ea ing habi s, nu i ion
and quali y o die in hei daily li es, as exp essed by a hle es and spo s echnicians.
To c ea e heal hy ea ing and nu i ion habi s.
Playe 20 GR 4 (045) HEVS
Well, my s a us as a heal h p o essional in luenced my li es yle habi s, spo s, ea ing habi s, oxins, e c. I am
a my weigh , I exe cise, I ea ew p ocessed oods, ew ans and sa u a ed a s, ew e ined suga s, li le
sal ...
Cap ain 17 G1 (280-284) HEVS
In e nalize physical and spo s p ac ice wi h gene al li e habi s, especially nu i ion.
Playe 104 GR 3(294,295) HEVS
Some heal hy habi s o my daily li e, ood and die quali y.
Playe 105 GR 3 (295) HEVS
Ha e good heal h hanks o he ea ing habi s acqui ed.
Playe 139 GR 3 (405) HEVS
In a e y posi i e way, always ying o do equen physical ac i i y accompanied by a heal hy die .
Coach 10 E52 (688-689) SHSA
In a posi i e way. I always ake ca e o ood, heal hy li ing, e c. i 's a li es yle.
Coach 13 E65 (702-703) SHSA
Table 6. Pe cep ion o sleep quali y.
Age
Bo n be o e
1973
Bo n be ween
1974-1980
Bo n be o e
1960
Bo n be ween
1960-1966
Bo n be ween
1967-1973
Bo n be ween
1974-1980
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
Ve y bad
3
13.6
1
5.9
4
7.7
1
2.2
0
0
0
0
Bad
3
13.6
4
23.5
14
26.9
8
17.8
4
9.8
8
36.4
No mal
5
22.7
7
41.2
8
15.4
16
35.6
13
31.7
7
31.8
Good
7
31.8
4
23.5
20
38.5
18
40.0
22
53.7
6
27.3
Ve y good
4
18.2
1
5.9
6
11.5
2
4.4
2
4.9
1
4.5
To al
22
100
17
100
52
100
45
100
41
100
22
100
Gende
Women
Men
N
%
N
%
Ve y bad
4
10.3
5
3.1
Bad
7
17.9
34
21.3
No mal
12
30.8
44
27.5
Good
11
28.2
66
41.3
Ve y Good
5
12.8
11
6.9
To al
39
100
160
100
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Rega ding he pe cep ion o a hle es abou hei quali y o sleep, he majo i y op ion chosen by men is o
conside hei sleep quali y “good” by 41.3%, while in women he majo i y op ion is o conside i as “no mal”
(30.8%). The sum o he mos “posi i e” op ions (“good” and “ e y good”) gi es us an o e all alue o 41% in
women and 48.2% in men. The mino i y alues being hose ha co espond o he “bad” op ion, his is
exp essed by 10.3% o women and 3.1% o men. In iew o he da a, a a global le el we in e p e hose men
epo ha ing be e sleep quali y han women, and his aspec was always a conce n o he coaches.
Rega ding he age and gende g oups, he majo i y alue is ound in he “good” op ion wi h 53.7%, in G oup
3 o men. Secondly, he highes igu e appea s in he “no mal” op ion o women in G oup 3, wi h 41.2%. We
highligh in his analysis by gende and age ha none o he men in g oups 3 and 4 s a e ha hei sleep
quali y is “bad”.
F om he quali a i e analysis, he esponses highligh ed by he in e iewees, in ela ion o he quali y o sleep,
a e:
I wo y abou my playe s' es hou s.
Coach 4 E52 (671) SHSD
I has a ec ed me o imp o e my li es yle habi s, especially he quali y o sleep.
Coach 18 E67 (719-720) SHSD
I ha e always old he playe s ha es ing well was as impo an o mo e impo an han wo king.
Coach 20 E72 (782-783)
Table 7. Cu en le el o physical-spo s ac i i y p ac ice
Age
Bo n be o e
1973
Bo n be ween
1974-1980
Bo n be o e
1960
Bo n be ween
1960-1966
Bo n be ween
1967-1973
Bo n be ween
1974-1980
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
N
%
Ve y low
1
5.9
0
0
1
2.6
3
8.6
3
8.6
0
0
Low
3
17.6
3
23.1
7
17.9
10
28.6
7
20.0
2
10.5
No mal
8
47.1
7
53.8
14
35.9
13
37.1
15
42.9
9
47.4
Good
4
23.5
3
23.1
17
43.6
7
20.0
8
22.9
7
36.8
Ve y good
1
5.9
0
0
0
0
2
5.7
2
5.7
1
5.3
To al
17
100
13
100
39
100
35
100
35
100
19
10
Gende
Women
Men
N
%
N
%
Ve y low
1
3.3
7
5.5
Low
6
20.0
26
20
No mal
15
50.0
51
39.8
Good
4
23.5
39
30.5
Ve y good
1
3.3
5
3.9
To al
30
100
128
100
Wi hin heal hy li es yle habi s, he p ac ice o adequa e and equen physical ac i i y occupies a p i ileged
place, hus he majo i y esponses o he a hle es in he sample who s a e ha hey cu en ly ca y ou
physical ac i i y (N = 158), which ep esen 79 .8% o he sample. The highes alues a e ound in he
“no mal” op ion, 50% o women choose i and 39.8% o men choose i . Secondly, women (23.5%) and men
(20.5%) choose he “good” op ion. In he sum o he “good” and “ e y good” op ions, we ob ain a alue o
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