Habits of healthy living in adults former athletes of federated competition in the modality of volleyball in the province of Jaen

VOLUME 19 | ISSUE 3 | 2024 | 827 Habi s o heal hy li ing in adul s o me a hle es o ede a ed compe i ion in he modali y o olleyball in he p o ince o Jaen JUAN TORRES GUERRERO1, RAFAEL FRANCISCO CARACUEL CÁLIZ2,3 1 , DIEGO COLLADO FERNÁNDEZ1, BEATRIZ TORRES CAMPOS1, JUAN ANTONIO PÁRRAGA MONTILLA4, MAR CEPERO GONZÁLEZ1 1Facul y o Educa ion Sciences. Uni e si y o G anada. G anada, Spain. 2Facul y o Educa ion. In e na ional Uni e si y o La Rioja. Log oño, Spain. 3Facul y o Educa ion. In e na ional Uni e si y o Valencia. Valencia, Spain. 4Facul y o Humani ies and Educa ion Sciences. Uni e si y o Jaén. Jaén, Spain. ABSTRACT The main objec i e o his esea ch is o know he heal hy li es yle habi s o people who pa icipa ed in ede a ed compe i ions in olleyball in he p o ince o Jaén once hei compe i i e s age has ended. The e o e, o in es iga e whe he people who in hei adolescence and you h p ac iced a ede a ed compe i i e spo in olleyball, main ain heal hy li es yle habi s, e e ing o die , quali y o sleep, le el o physical ac i i y p ac ice and hei physical condi ion, in hei s age o adul hood and senio i y. This esea ch has been ca ied ou hough a desc ip i e, c oss-sec ional, single measu emen (A o e al., 2013), and in e p e i e esea ch; in which o me a hle es esponded o a ques ionnai e abou hei daily habi s ela ed o heal h; In addi ion, o know he in o ma ion h ough sel -comple ed su eys by hose who we e cap ains and echnicians o he olleyball clubs, in o de o be e unde s and hei cu en heal hy habi s. The o al numbe o subjec s s udied was 199 people, o which 18 we e cap ains and 21 we e coaches. When asking people abou hei ea ing habi s, he majo i y alues co espond o he esponse op ion “good”, bo h in women (61.5%) and in men (48.8%). The di e en g oups o pa icipan s in he esea ch s a e ha hey a ach g ea impo ance o ea ing habi s, nu i ion, and die quali y in hei daily li es. 84.6% o women and 91.9% o men conside ha hei cu en le el o physical i ness is based on he spo s p ac ice o hei you h. Physical-spo s p ac ice as a heal hy li es yle habi is inco po a ed as a heal hy li es yle habi mos ly in he o me a hle es and spo s echnicians pa icipa ing in his esea ch. Keywo ds: Spo medicine, Fo me compe i i e a hle es, Olde adul s, Nu i ion, Quali y o li e. 1 Co esponding au ho . Facul y o Educa ion. In e na ional Uni e si y o La Rioja. Log oño, Spain. E-mail: a ael ancisco.ca acuel[email p o ec ed] Submi ed o publica ion Ma ch 21, 2024. Accep ed o publica ion Ap il 18, 2024. Published Ap il 23, 2024. JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISE ISSN 1988-5202. © Asociación Española de Análisis del Rendimien o Depo i o. Spain. doi: h ps://doi.o g/10.55860/a36hg406 Ci e his a icle as: To es Gue e o, J., Ca acuel Cáliz, R. F., Collado Fe nández, D., To es Campos, B., Pá aga Mon illa, J. A., & Cepe o González, M. (2024). Habi s o heal hy li ing in adul s o me a hle es o ede a ed compe i ion in he modali y o olleyball in he p o ince o Jaen. Jou nal o Human Spo and Exe cise, 19(3), 827-845. h ps://doi.o g/10.55860/a36hg406 To es Gue e o, e al. / Heal hy li ing habi s among o me ede a ed olleyball a hle es JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISE 828 | 2024 | ISSUE 3 | VOLUME 19 © 2024 ARD Asociación Española INTRODUCTION When we alk abou li es yle, we e e o a se o beha iou s ha de elop h oughou he li e o a human being due o he in luence o a ious a eas such as amily, iends and he media, which a e exp essed in he daily li e o human beings and he e o e cha ac e ize he way o li ing and being o e e y pe son (Iba a-Mo a e al., 2019; López-Villa , 2011). In he case o heal hy li es yles, hey a e closely ela ed o a balanced die , main aining body weigh , bad physical ac i i y, and abs aining om alcohol and obacco consump ion, among o he s (Sanab ia, 2007). All o his is co obo a ed h ough esea ch s udies ha demons a e he impo ance o die and bad physical ac i i y o achie e a good quali y o li e (Po ela-Pino e al., 2022). Physical inac i i y inc eases in many coun ies, conside ably in luencing he p e alence o non- communicable diseases and he gene al heal h o he wo ld popula ion. Humani y aces a g ea challenge in he coming decades, mani es ed in a seden a y li es yle and lack o exe cise ha a ec men al heal h and he quali y o li e o socie y (Moscoso e al., 2009), as con i med by da a om he Wo ld Heal h O ganiza ion (2010), e ealing ha a leas 60% o he wo ld's popula ion does no ca y ou he physical ac i i y necessa y o ob ain heal h bene i s, becoming he ou h mos impo an isk ac o o mo ali y wo ldwide (Ba bosa - G anados and U ea-Cuélla (2018). The e o e, i physical ac i i y is ca ied ou sys ema ically and con inuously, g ea e heal h p o ec ion can be achie ed, as well as p e en ion o di e en diso de s hanks o he physical and psychological bene i s i p o ides. pe o ming physical exe cise (Sánchez-Ba e a e al., 1995).Adop ing a mo e ac i e li es yle can p omo e espi a o y, ca dio ascula and locomo o unc ion, as well as de elop and main ain muscle s eng h, imp o e pos u al ac i i y, e c. (Rome o-G anados e al., 2006). In he case o ou esea ch, we wan , h ough he iangula ion o he in o ma ion p o ided by he di e en ins umen s used, o e i y he heal hy li es yle habi s ha he a hle es in he sample p ac ice in hei daily li es. Taking in o accoun ha ad ances in heal h sciences, including human nu i ion, ha e allowed li e expec ancy o be d ama ically p olonged, gene ics a e decisi e in his g ea e li e expec ancy, bu he e a e also o he se ies o ac o s ha include he same, among which s ands ou an adequa e die , good quali y o sleep and a heal hy li es yle, which includes bad exe cise acco ding o indi idual physical condi ion (Amado - Muñoz & Es eban-Ibáñez, 2015). MATERIAL AND METHODS S udy design We can conside ha ou s udy is a desc ip i e, c oss-sec ional, single measu emen (A o e al., 2013), and in e p e i e esea ch, since i aims o collec and analyse in o ma ion, in a way ha allows us o know and in e p e he eali y s udied and complemen i . wi h he da a ob ained quan i a i ely and quali a i ely (La o e- Bel án e . al., 2003). A quan i a i e echnique (ques ionnai e) has been used o ob ain in o ma ion on he pe sonal p o ile, he spo s i ine a ies ollowed by he subjec s pa icipa ing in he esea ch, as well as o know he ans e o hese lea nings o daily li e, and o gi e he b oades ision. possible o he p oblem posed. The use o ques ionnai es is he mos used measu ing ins umen in some disciplines such as psychology, bu i is also widely used in spo s sciences o know he heal h habi s o he a hle es in he sample (Ba bado and Ma ínez -Mo eno, 2021; Ca as-Ga cía e al., 2021; Ha o-González e al., 2018). To p epa e he ques ionnai e, o he p e ious s udies ha e been aken in o accoun ha ha e analysed he pe sonal and p o essional p o ile and spo ing i ine a ies o ede a ed compe i ion playe s in he olleyball To es Gue e o, e al. / Heal hy li ing habi s among o me ede a ed olleyball a hle es JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISE VOLUME 19 | ISSUE 3 | 2024 | 829 modali y. Fo his s udy, he ques ionnai e “Adhe ence o physical-spo s p ac ice, and heal hy habi s o compe i i e a hle es in he olleyball modali y o he p o ince o Jaén” (CAPDV-1) has been designed. This ques ionnai e has been de eloped and alida ed h ough he Delphi Technique. Reguan -Ál a ez and To ado-Fonseca (2016) conside ha he Delphi Technique “is an in o ma ion collec ion echnique ha allows ob aining he opinion o a g oup o expe s h ough o epea ed consul a ion.” The ques ionnai e has been passed and comple ed by he a hle es pa icipa ing in he esea ch. The in o ma ion has been complemen ed wi h quali a i e echniques. To his end, wo Sel -Comple ed Su eys (one o eam cap ains and ano he o coaches) ha e been designed and alida ed ( h ough he Delphi Technique) o be e unde s and he mos impo an aspec s o he p oblem. The goal o quali a i e s udies is o p o ide a deep, in e p e ed unde s anding o pa icipan s based on con ex , expe iences, and s o ies (Gepha , 2004; Veal and Da cy, 2014). Some esea che s (Skinne e al., 2020; Veal and Da cy, 2014) ha e de eloped s udies wi h he objec i e o c ea ing, adap ing and p esen ing esea ch me hods, da a collec ion ins umen s and da a analysis echniques o quali a i e esea ch on mo i a ion opics. and adhe ence o physical-spo s p ac ice. Unde he name o pa adigm we ha e encompassed me hodologies sha ed by esea che s and educa o s ha adop a ce ain concep ion o he educa ional p ocess (De Miguel, 1988). Each pa adigm is cha ac e ized by a common way o esea ch, p esen ing i s ad an ages and disad an ages and, al hough hey a e based on di e en assump ions, i is possible o combine he con ibu ions om an eclec ic pe spec i e (La o e e . al., 2003). We do no in end o con as he da a ha we ob ain h ough one esea ch me hodology and ano he , bu a he o combine hem in he same esea ch p ojec based on ou objec i es, bo h unc ioning in a complemen a y way (Ca acuel-Cáliz, 2016; Cues a-San os, 2013; Ma ínez-Pé ez , 2012; O ega- Bece a, 2010; O alle-Pé ez, 2011; Paloma es-Cuad os, 2003; Ramí ez-A abal, 2018; Rod íguez-Bailón, 2012; So o-González, 2011). Finally, me hodological in eg a ion has been ca ied ou h ough he concep ha Denzin and Licoln (2000) call “ iangula ion model” and ha Ca acuel-Cáliz (2016) has p oposed in p e ious wo ks; Cima o-U bano, 2013; Collado-Fe nández (2005); Cues a-San os (2014); Fuen es-Jus icia (2011); Ma ínez-Pé ez (2012); O ega-Bece a (2010); O alle-Pé ez (2011); Paloma es-Cuad os (2003), Rod íguez-Bailón (2012), To es- Campos (2008), Vílchez-Ba oso (2007), among o he s, alluding o he possibili y o being mo e su e o he esul s ob ained i we use a ious da a collec ion echniques. da a, as each has i s own ad an ages and biases. Con ex The con ex in which he esea ch is ca ied ou is he p o ince o Jaén, whose capi al is he Spanish municipali y o he same name, loca ed in he Au onomous Communi y o Andalusia. Speci ically, he esea ch has been ca ied ou in he Spo s Clubs and En i ies o he owns o Andúja and Jaén. Pa icipan s In ou esea ch we ha e used he non-p obabilis ic sampling me hod called by Ca asco and Calde e o (2000) "acciden al o casual sampling". The Sample has been ex ac ed om he o al popula ion o a hle es who mee he inclusion c i e ia p oposed o his esea ch. To de e mine he size o he popula ion ha mee s he p oposed equi emen s, we ha e had he collabo a ion o he Andalusian Volleyball Fede a ion, as well as he adminis a i e and echnical manage s o he selec ed clubs. In o al, he popula ion ha mee s he equi emen s exp essed abo e is 261 a hle es, o which 210 a e men and 51 women, aged be ween 41 and 72 yea s. To es Gue e o, e al. / Heal hy li ing habi s among o me ede a ed olleyball a hle es JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISE 830 | 2024 | ISSUE 3 | VOLUME 19 © 2024 ARD Asociación Española The quan i a i e sample (ques ionnai es) is dis ibu ed as shown in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1. Dis ibu ion o he sample by age and gende g oups. Gende /Age Bo n be o e 1960 Bo n be ween 1960-1966 Bo n be ween 1967-1973 Bo n be ween 1974-1980 To al N % N % N % N % N % Women 0 0 0 0 22 34.9 17 43.6 39 19.6 Men 52 100.0 45 100.0 41 65.1 22 56.4 160 80.4 To al 52 100.0 45 100.0 63 100.0 39 100.0 199 100.0 Table 2. Dis ibu ion by age, g oup, gende and o als. Women Men To al N M age D.T. N M age D.T. N M age D.T. G oup 1 - - - 52 64.96 2.72 52 64.96 2.72 G oup 2 - - - 45 58.15 2.02 45 58.15 2.02 G oup 3 22 50.54 1.62 41 51.48 1.76 63 51.15 1.74 G oup 4 17 43.35 1.76 22 44.27 2.65 39 43.87 2.33 To al 39 47.41 3.97 160 56.75 7.51 199 54.91 7.88 In ela ion o he ype o quali a i e sampling, Tója (2006), ollowing Pa on (1990), iden i ies up o en di e en ypes o sampling. Fo ou esea ch we ha e used he so-called "logical c i e ion sampling" which is based on including all a ailable cases ha mee some c i e ion o in e es o he in es iga ion. Table 3. Composi ion o he sample o eam cap ains. Age Expe ience as cap ain Academic deg ee Cap ain 1 G4 3-5 Deg ee Cap ain 2 G3 3-5 Deg ee Cap ain 3 G4 10-15 Unde g adua e deg ee Cap ain 4 G3 3-5 A chi ec u e Cap ain 5 G2 3-5 Deg ee Cap ain 6 G1 3-5 Unde g adua e deg ee Cap ain 7 G1 6-10 Deg ee Cap ain 8 G2 6-10 Deg ee Cap ain 9 G2 3-5 Enginee ing Cap ain 10 G2 10-15 Deg ee Cap ain 11 G2 6-10 Deg ee Cap ain 12 G2 6-10 Unde g adua e deg ee Cap ain 13 G2 6-10 Deg ee Cap ain 14 G4 Mo e han 25 Deg ee Cap ain 15 G3 6-10 Unde g adua e deg ee Cap ain 16 G3 3-5 Unde g adua e deg ee Cap ain 17 G1 3-5 Deg ee Cap ain 18 G3 3-5 Unde g adua e deg ee No e. G1 = Bo n be o e 1960. G2 = Bo n be ween 1960-1966. G3 = Bo n/as be ween 1967-1973. G4 = Bo n/as be ween 1974-1980. In he i s sel -comple ed Su ey, 18 eam cap ains (14 men and 4 women) om he clubs speci ied in he sample pa icipa ed, wi h he cha ac e is ics desc ibed in Table 3. In he second sel -comple ed su ey, 21 coaches (4 women and 17 men) om he clubs and eams speci ied in he sample pa icipa ed. To es Gue e o, e al. / Heal hy li ing habi s among o me ede a ed olleyball a hle es JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISE VOLUME 19 | ISSUE 3 | 2024 | 831 Table 4. Composi ion o he sample o coaches. Age Le el Expe ience (yea s) Maximum Le el/Ca ego y o compe i ion Coach 1 65 Le el II 25 Na ional Fi s Di ision Coach 2 71 Le el III 15 Andalusian Fi s Di ision Coach 3 70 Le el III 24 Hono a y Di ision Coach 4 52 Le el I 6 P o incial ca ego y Coach 5 62 Le el III 10 Regional compe i ions Coach 6 51 Le el II 9 Second Na ional Di ision Coach 7 50 Le el III 25 P o incial selec ion Coach 8 52 Le el II 35 Andalusian Fi s Di ision Coach 9 69 Le el II 8 Second Na ional Di ision Coach 10 52 Le el I 10 Regional compe i ions Coach 11 56 Le el III 35 Supe league 2 Coach 12 54 Le el II 15 Andalusian Fi s Di ision Coach 13 65 Le el III 21 Na ional Fi s Di ision Coach 14 56 Le el III 30 Andalusian Fi s Di ision Coach 15 48 Le el II 20 Andalusian Fi s Di ision Coach 16 58 Le el II 10 Andalusian Fi s Di ision Coach 17 63 Le el III 10 Na ional Fi s Di ision Coach 18 67 Le el II 3 P o incial ca ego y Coach 19 50 Le el I 6 P o incial ca ego y Coach 20 72 Le el IV 29 Junio na ional eam Coach 21 48 Le el I 6 P o incial ca ego y Ins umen s As we ha e p e iously e e enced, ou me hodology in eg a es wo ypes o echniques, on he one hand, a quali a i e echnique (Sel -comple ed Su ey o eam cap ains and coaches) and a quan i a i e echnique (Ques ionnai e o he a hle es in he sample), o collec in o ma ion. , wi h he in en ion o combining his me hodological s uc u e. Rega ding he quan i a i e echnique, we ha e used a ques ionnai e (Annex 1) p epa ed ad-hoc, and alida ed o his esea ch h ough he Delphi Technique, o ob ain in o ma ion in di e en a eas: on he one hand we wan o know you pe sonal p o ile, academic, p o essional and spo s; On he o he hand, we wan o in es iga e he heal hy and unheal hy habi s o he esea ch pa icipan s, as well as e i y hei adhe ence and mo i a ion owa ds he p ac ice o physical ac i i y. Fo he p epa a ion and alida ion o he ques ionnai e (“Adhe ence o physical-spo s p ac ice, and heal hy habi s o ede a ed compe i ion a hle es in he olleyball modali y o he p o ince o Jaén” - CAPDV-1), we ha e used he Delphi me hod, which consis s o a echnique o ob aining in o ma ion, based on consul ing expe s in an a ea, in o de o ob ain he mos eliable consensus opinion o he g oup consul ed. These expe s a e indi idually submi ed o a se ies o in-dep h ques ionnai es ha a e in e spe sed wi h eedback on wha was exp essed by he g oup and ha , based on an open explo a ion, a e successi e e u ns, p oduce an opinion ha ep esen s he g oup (Reguan -Ál a ez and To ado -Fonseca, 2016). Once all he modi ica ions o he ques ionnai e, p oposed by he expe s pa icipa ing in he Delphi, ha e been made, he pilo ques ionnai e is p epa ed. The ques ionnai e is sen o 24 people om di e en a eas o olleyball: a hle es, e e ees, delega es, club and ede a ion di ec o s, and spo s manage s. 22 people espond in a imely manne , and wi h he sugges ions hey p opose, he inal ques ionnai e is p epa ed and sen o he s udy sample o comple ion. To es Gue e o, e al. / Heal hy li ing habi s among o me ede a ed olleyball a hle es JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISE 832 | 2024 | ISSUE 3 | VOLUME 19 © 2024 ARD Asociación Española Fo he quali a i e echnique we ha e used Sel -comple ed su eys, wi h which we ha e sough o know he pe cep ions o he eam cap ains (Annex 2) and echnicians (Annex 3), and o compa e, h ough hei in o ma ion, he opinions exp essed by he coaches, as well as hei ela ionship wi h he a hle es' esponses in he ques ionnai es ha ha e been p o ided. The sel -adminis e ed su ey is he su ey ha is ca ied ou using sel -adminis e ed ques ionnai es. This modali y is called sel -adminis e ed (sel -comple ed) because, in gene al e ms, i dispenses wi h he need o in e iewe s (Rod íguez-Bailón, 2012). Wi hin he ype o sel -adminis e ed su ey he e a e some cha ac e is ic sub ypes: he mail su ey, he mail su ey and he hand-deli e ed su ey. In all cases, he pe son who esponds is he one who comple es he ques ionnai e o su ey o m in acco dance wi h ce ain ins uc ions ha mus be ex emely clea (Benjumea-Ál a ez, 2011). The design and alida ion o he sel - comple ed Su eys used in ou esea ch has been ca ied ou h ough he Delphi Technique. Wi h he con en o he ques ionnai e p epa ed by he expe s pa icipa ing in he Delphi Technique, ou cap ains a e sen , one om each age g oup in he sample, o comple e i , eques ing he ime spen comple ing i and he di icul ies encoun e ed. Pa icipan s in he pilo s udy a e ins uc ed o espond below each ques ion, wi h no leng h limi . The con en o he pilo s udy is passed o he LimeSu ey compu e applica ion. RESULTS Following he applica ion o he a o emen ioned ins umen s o ob ain da a, and a e analysis, he esul s yielded in e es ing da a on pa ame e s ela ed o heal hy li ing habi s (adequa e ood and nu i ion, quali y o sleep, adequa e physical-spo s ac i i y and equen , physical condi ion and heal h ela ionship), o ede a ed compe i ion a hle es in he olleyball modali y o he p o ince o Jaén, once hei compe i i e s age has ended, as a p ac ice o physical spo s ac i i y, ea ing and pos u al habi s, es , and we p esen hem iangula ing he esul s ob ained by he ins umen s used. Beginning wi h he global analysis o heal hy li ing habi s, he pa icipan s in he esea ch p esen opinions in which hey ela e hei p ac ice o compe i i e olleyball du ing he yea s hey we e ac i e, wi h he heal hy habi s ha hey p ac ice in hei daily li es. Th ough sel -adminis e ed su eys, hey highligh ed ha : Volleyball has helped me… …c ea e heal hy habi s. Playe 20 GR 4 (043-044) SHS To c ea e heal hy habi s o my daily li e. Playe 105 GR 3 (288-289) SHS Ha e good heal h hanks o he habi s acqui ed. Playe 139 GR 3 (393-394) SHS In e nalize physical and spo s p ac ice in gene al li e habi s. Playe 104 GR 3 (285) SHS P ac icing olleyball has allowed me o acqui e heal hy habi s. Playe 2 GR 1 (005-007) SHS To es Gue e o, e al. / Heal hy li ing habi s among o me ede a ed olleyball a hle es JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISE VOLUME 19 | ISSUE 3 | 2024 | 833 Like he playe s pa icipa ing in his esea ch, he cap ains and spo s echnicians su eyed also exp ess he impo ance ha he p ac ice o olleyball has had in inco po a ing heal hy li ing habi s in o hei daily li es. Wi hou a doub none. The in luence o olleyball has been o alling on my heal hy li ing habi s. Cap ain 14 G4 (277-278) HEVS Yes, o cou se, i o ally in luenced my heal hy li es yle habi s. Cap ain 16 G3 (279-280) HEVS O cou se, i was key in my li e, i helped me in e e y hing. To main ain a heal hy li es yle. Cap ain 18 G3 (285-286) HEVS I always ied o main ain a line o heal hy li es yle habi s. S aying away om he ha m ul ones. Cap ain 15 G3 (278-279) HEVS Yeah! I makes you ocus on heal hy habi s and no o he s. Cap ain 1 G4 (257) HEVS Being a coach and doing so much physical ac i i y has had a e y posi i e in luence on my li es yle habi s. Coach 3 E70 (669-670) SHS The posi i e habi ou ines ha we e ansmi ed o he s uden s/playe s we e also in e nalized and had o be pu in o p ac ice onesel . Coach 6 E51 (677-678) SHS Table 5. Feeding habi s. Age Bo n be o e 1973 Bo n be ween 1974-1980 Bo n be o e 1960 Bo n be ween 1960-1966 Bo n be ween 1967-1973 Bo n be ween 1974-1980 N % N % N % N % N % N % Ve y bad 1 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bad 2 9.1 2 11.8 5 9.6 7 15.6 4 9.8 3 13.6 No mal 5 22.7 3 17.6 22 42.3 10 22.2 11 26.8 8 36.4 Good 13 59.1 11 64.7 20 38.5 24 53.3 24 58.5 10 45.5 Ve y good 1 4.5 1 5.9 5 9.6 4 8.9 2 4.9 1 4.5 To al 22 100 17 100 52 100 45 100 41 100 22 100 Gende Women Men N % N % Ve y bad 1 2.6 0 0 Bad 4 10.3 19 11.9 No mal 8 20.5 51 31.9 Good 24 61.5 78 48.8 Ve y good 2 5.1 12 7.5 To al 39 100 160 100 On he o he hand, when ques ioning a hle es abou hei ea ing habi s, he majo i y alues co espond o he esponse op ion “good”, bo h in women (61.5%) and in men (48.8%). The second mos chosen op ion is o conside ha hei ea ing habi s a e “no mal”, 20.5% o women say his and 31.9% o men do so. In his global analysis we highligh ha he sum o he alues o he “good” and “ e y good” op ions in women To es Gue e o, e al. / Heal hy li ing habi s among o me ede a ed olleyball a hle es JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISE 834 | 2024 | ISSUE 3 | VOLUME 19 © 2024 ARD Asociación Española eaches a alue o 66.6% and in men 56.3%. The da a lea es no oom o doub , women conside hei ea ing habi s o be heal hie han hose o men. In his sense, he pa icipan s in he esea ch s a e ha hey gi e g ea impo ance o ea ing habi s, nu i ion and quali y o die in hei daily li es, as exp essed by a hle es and spo s echnicians. To c ea e heal hy ea ing and nu i ion habi s. Playe 20 GR 4 (045) HEVS Well, my s a us as a heal h p o essional in luenced my li es yle habi s, spo s, ea ing habi s, oxins, e c. I am a my weigh , I exe cise, I ea ew p ocessed oods, ew ans and sa u a ed a s, ew e ined suga s, li le sal ... Cap ain 17 G1 (280-284) HEVS In e nalize physical and spo s p ac ice wi h gene al li e habi s, especially nu i ion. Playe 104 GR 3(294,295) HEVS Some heal hy habi s o my daily li e, ood and die quali y. Playe 105 GR 3 (295) HEVS Ha e good heal h hanks o he ea ing habi s acqui ed. Playe 139 GR 3 (405) HEVS In a e y posi i e way, always ying o do equen physical ac i i y accompanied by a heal hy die . Coach 10 E52 (688-689) SHSA In a posi i e way. I always ake ca e o ood, heal hy li ing, e c. i 's a li es yle. Coach 13 E65 (702-703) SHSA Table 6. Pe cep ion o sleep quali y. Age Bo n be o e 1973 Bo n be ween 1974-1980 Bo n be o e 1960 Bo n be ween 1960-1966 Bo n be ween 1967-1973 Bo n be ween 1974-1980 N % N % N % N % N % N % Ve y bad 3 13.6 1 5.9 4 7.7 1 2.2 0 0 0 0 Bad 3 13.6 4 23.5 14 26.9 8 17.8 4 9.8 8 36.4 No mal 5 22.7 7 41.2 8 15.4 16 35.6 13 31.7 7 31.8 Good 7 31.8 4 23.5 20 38.5 18 40.0 22 53.7 6 27.3 Ve y good 4 18.2 1 5.9 6 11.5 2 4.4 2 4.9 1 4.5 To al 22 100 17 100 52 100 45 100 41 100 22 100 Gende Women Men N % N % Ve y bad 4 10.3 5 3.1 Bad 7 17.9 34 21.3 No mal 12 30.8 44 27.5 Good 11 28.2 66 41.3 Ve y Good 5 12.8 11 6.9 To al 39 100 160 100 To es Gue e o, e al. / Heal hy li ing habi s among o me ede a ed olleyball a hle es JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISE VOLUME 19 | ISSUE 3 | 2024 | 835 Rega ding he pe cep ion o a hle es abou hei quali y o sleep, he majo i y op ion chosen by men is o conside hei sleep quali y “good” by 41.3%, while in women he majo i y op ion is o conside i as “no mal” (30.8%). The sum o he mos “posi i e” op ions (“good” and “ e y good”) gi es us an o e all alue o 41% in women and 48.2% in men. The mino i y alues being hose ha co espond o he “bad” op ion, his is exp essed by 10.3% o women and 3.1% o men. In iew o he da a, a a global le el we in e p e hose men epo ha ing be e sleep quali y han women, and his aspec was always a conce n o he coaches. Rega ding he age and gende g oups, he majo i y alue is ound in he “good” op ion wi h 53.7%, in G oup 3 o men. Secondly, he highes igu e appea s in he “no mal” op ion o women in G oup 3, wi h 41.2%. We highligh in his analysis by gende and age ha none o he men in g oups 3 and 4 s a e ha hei sleep quali y is “bad”. F om he quali a i e analysis, he esponses highligh ed by he in e iewees, in ela ion o he quali y o sleep, a e: I wo y abou my playe s' es hou s. Coach 4 E52 (671) SHSD I has a ec ed me o imp o e my li es yle habi s, especially he quali y o sleep. Coach 18 E67 (719-720) SHSD I ha e always old he playe s ha es ing well was as impo an o mo e impo an han wo king. Coach 20 E72 (782-783) Table 7. Cu en le el o physical-spo s ac i i y p ac ice Age Bo n be o e 1973 Bo n be ween 1974-1980 Bo n be o e 1960 Bo n be ween 1960-1966 Bo n be ween 1967-1973 Bo n be ween 1974-1980 N % N % N % N % N % N % Ve y low 1 5.9 0 0 1 2.6 3 8.6 3 8.6 0 0 Low 3 17.6 3 23.1 7 17.9 10 28.6 7 20.0 2 10.5 No mal 8 47.1 7 53.8 14 35.9 13 37.1 15 42.9 9 47.4 Good 4 23.5 3 23.1 17 43.6 7 20.0 8 22.9 7 36.8 Ve y good 1 5.9 0 0 0 0 2 5.7 2 5.7 1 5.3 To al 17 100 13 100 39 100 35 100 35 100 19 10 Gende Women Men N % N % Ve y low 1 3.3 7 5.5 Low 6 20.0 26 20 No mal 15 50.0 51 39.8 Good 4 23.5 39 30.5 Ve y good 1 3.3 5 3.9 To al 30 100 128 100 Wi hin heal hy li es yle habi s, he p ac ice o adequa e and equen physical ac i i y occupies a p i ileged place, hus he majo i y esponses o he a hle es in he sample who s a e ha hey cu en ly ca y ou physical ac i i y (N = 158), which ep esen 79 .8% o he sample. The highes alues a e ound in he “no mal” op ion, 50% o women choose i and 39.8% o men choose i . 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