Sp inge Se ies in Design and Inno a ion 23
Manuel A. Ródenas-López
José Cal o-López
Maca ena Salcedo-Gale a Edi o s
A chi ec u al
G aphics
Volume 3 - G aphics o Educa ion and
Though
Sp inge Se ies in Design and Inno a ion
Volume 23
Edi o -in-Chie
F ancesca Tosi, Uni e si y o Flo ence, Flo ence, I aly
Se ies Edi o s
Claudio Ge mak, Poli ecnico di To ino, Tu in, I aly
F ancesco Zu lo, Poli ecnico di Milano, Milan, I aly
Zhi Jinyi, Sou hwes Jiao ong Uni e si y, Chengdu, China
Ma ilaine Pozza i Amado i, Uni e sidade Fede al de San a Ma ia,
San a Ma ia, Rio G ande do Sul, B azil
Mau izio Caon , Uni e si y o Applied Sciences and A s, F ibou g, Swi ze land
Sp inge Se ies in Design and Inno a ion (SSDI) publishes books on inno a ion
and he la es de elopmen s in he fields o P oduc Design, In e io Design and
Communica ion Design, wi h pa icula emphasis on echnological and o mal
inno a ion, and on he applica ion o digi al echnologies and new ma e ials. The
se ies explo es all aspec s o design, e.g. Human-Cen e ed Design/Use Expe ience,
Se ice Design, and Design Thinking, which p o ide ans e sal and inno a i e
app oaches o ien ed on he in ol emen o people h oughou he design
de elopmen p ocess. In addi ion, i co e s eme ging a eas o esea ch ha may
ep esen essen ial oppo uni ies o economic and social de elopmen .
In fields anging om he humani ies o enginee ing and a chi ec u e, design is
inc easingly being ecognized as a key means o b inging ideas o he ma ke by
ans o ming hem in o use - iendly and appealing p oduc s o se ices. Mo eo e ,
i p o ides a a ie y o me hodologies, ools and echniques ha can be used a
di e en s ages o he inno a ion p ocess o enhance he alue o new p oduc s and
se ices.
The se ies’scope includes monog aphs, p o essional books, ad anced ex books,
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ing Ph.D. heses.
The olumes o he se ies a e single-blind pee - e iewed.
Keywo ds: P oduc and Sys em Inno a ion; P oduc design; In e io design;
Communica ion Design; Human-Cen e ed Design/Use Expe ience; Se ice
Design; Design Thinking; Digi al Inno a ion; Inno a ion o Ma e ials.
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and/o publishing edi o M . Pie paolo Ri a (pie paolo. i a@sp inge .com).
Mo e in o ma ion abou his se ies a h ps://link.sp inge .com/bookse ies/16270
Manuel A. Ródenas-López •
JoséCal o-López •Maca ena Salcedo-Gale a
Edi o s
A chi ec u al G aphics
Volume 3 - G aphics o Educa ion
and Though
123
Edi o s
Manuel A. Ródenas-López
A chi ec u e and Building Technology
Poly echnic Uni e si y o Ca agena
Ca agena, Spain
Maca ena Salcedo-Gale a
A chi ec u e and Building Technology
Poly echnic Uni e si y o Ca agena
Ca agena, Spain
JoséCal o-López
A chi ec u e and Building Technology
Poly echnic Uni e si y o Ca agena
Ca agena, Spain
ISSN 2661-8184 ISSN 2661-8192 (elec onic)
Sp inge Se ies in Design and Inno a ion
ISBN 978-3-031-04639-1 ISBN 978-3-031-04640-7 (eBook)
h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/978-3-031-04640-7
©The Edi o (s) (i applicable) and The Au ho (s), unde exclusi e license
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Con en s
Educa ion
A New E alua ion o a New Teaching No mali y: P ac ical Example
Applied o he Topog aphic Map Sys em ........................ 3
Víc o An onio La uen e Sánchez, Daniel López B agado,
Se gio Alonso Alonso, and An onio Ál a o To desillas
Ál a o Siza Viei a Malaguei a’s No ebooks: A Reading
on he Rele ance o D awing o A chi ec u al Resea ch ............ 13
Ped o Guilhe me and Sofia Salema
A chi ec u al G aphic Exp ession o He i age in he Academic
T aining o A chi ec s. The Exhibi ion o he D awings ............. 22
Ma ía del Ca men Vílchez La a and Jo ge Gab iel Moline o Sánchez
Compa a i e Analysis o Au oCAD Sc eencas s Applied o Technical
D awing o Online Teaching ................................. 32
Juliane Sil a de Almeida and Nicole San ini Ba a o
Co id-19 and Online Teaching: Impac on Academic Resul s
in he Subjec s o A chi ec u al G aphic Exp ession
a he Poly echnic Uni e si y o Ca agena ...................... 42
Ped o M. Jimenez-Vica io, Da id Na a o-Mo eno, Ma ía Mes e-Ma í,
Ped o Ga cía-Ma ínez, Manuel A. Ródenas-López,
and Ma ía JoséMuñoz-Mo a
D aw (wi h) he Wo ld: Emb acing Mino Con en s Be ween
he Disciplina y and he Con empo a y ......................... 51
Jose Ca asco Ho al
D awing Places: New S a egies o Teaching A chi ec s o Ske ch .... 61
Sebas ian Ha is
ix
Ecology and Cos (i) Mopoli ics in he D awing Room: The Lines ha
Expand he Limi s o A chi ec u e ............................. 71
Ángela Ruiz Plaza, A xu Amann y Alcoce , and Edua do Roig Sego ia
E ching –Seamless Alignmen o Lines and Pa ches as Role Model
o a G aphic Geome y as Design C osso e o Pixels and Vec o s
in he Di ec ion o All-In-One Image Relie s ..................... 79
Niels-Ch is ian F i sche
Explo a ion Models as C ea i e T igge s
o Concep ualize A chi ec u e ................................ 87
Mónica Gómez Zepeda and Juan Ca los O iz Taba ez
How o B eak Down D awing Pedagogies by Decoding Disciplines
on a Classic Boa d ......................................... 98
Edua do Roig, A xu Amann, and Ángela Ruiz
Implemen ing BIM in A chi ec u al G aphic Exp ession Subjec s
in he Fi s -Deg ee Cou ses .................................. 107
JoséJa ie Pé ez, Ma ía Sende os, and Iñigo Leon
Inside he Da k Came a: Co id-19 Home Confinemen
as a Phenomenological Lea ning Expe ience Based on Obse a ion ... 115
Ángel Allepuz Ped eño, Jo ge Domingo G esa, and Pablo J. Juan
Lapis Resiliency, h ough Analogic and Digi al D awing ............ 126
Lese i Massimo, Mo ena Sa a, and An inozzi Sa a
Mee ing Poin s o Lea ning: Te agni and Rossi ................. 137
Ma ía del Ca men Vílchez La a
Teaching he G aphic in Times o Pandemic. Cape Cod
and he Bauhaus .......................................... 147
Jo ge Gab iel Moline o Sánchez and Juan F ancisco Ga cía No uen es
The C ea i e Capaci y o Geome ic Objec s -poin
and line- in A chi ec u e Teaching ............................. 157
Fe nando Manuel Alonso Ped e o and Ma ía del Pila Salaza Lozano
The Model as a Teaching Expe ience: The Case o F ank Lloyd
W igh ’s Uni a ian Chu ch (1905–1908) ........................ 167
Ma a Úbeda Blanco, Daniel Villalobos Alonso, and Sa a Pé ez Ba ei o
The Ske ching Club as a Didac ic S a egy ...................... 178
F ancisco Xabie Goñi Cas añón and Inmaculada Jiménez Caballe o
x Con en s
Though
Analog D awing –Digi al D awing. The A chi ec u al Vi ual Model
as Mo e Than a Technological Implemen a ion ................... 191
Ja ie Fco. Raposo G au, Ma ía Asunción Salgado de la Rosa,
Belén Bu agueño Diaz-Gue a, and Blanca Raposo Sánchez
A chi ec u e, Ligh and Sequence o Falla’s Puppe Show .......... 201
Ma ía Te esa Ga cíaSánchez
A iadne’s Th ead. Lines Towa ds A chi ec u al P ojec ............ 212
Ma ia Pompeiana Ia ossi, Daniela O eni, and Daniele Gio anni Papi
Codi ying, En isioning, and Idea ing Th ough Da a on In o ma ion
Based Designs ............................................. 223
Ca los L. Ma cos and Ángel J. Fe nández-Ál a ez
C i ique o he A chi ec u al Compe i ion S imula ed by G aphic
Exp ession: Semio ic Con e gences in he Rhe o ic
o Judgmen P ocess........................................ 233
AsunciónDíaz-Ga cía
Design by Hand in a Digi al En i onmen . D awing S o y elling
and ICT De elopmen ...................................... 243
Juan Saumell, F ancesca Fa a, and Ma io Docci
D awing in Siena: The A chi ec ’s Lea ning ..................... 253
Cla a Maes e-Galindo
Fe nando Higue as, Expansi e Geome ies h ough Models ......... 261
Noelia Ce e o Sánchez
Fi e Keys ones Vaul s Pa ame ic Model Gene a ion om Poin
Cloud Da a ............................................... 271
Ma a Capone, Daniela Palomba, and Emanuela Lanza a
Fla w i e Today. Towa ds F iedman’s U opia Th ough
Gene a i e Design ......................................... 281
Ana Sánchez-Pé ez, Manuel A. Ródenas-López,
and Ma ino Peña Fe nandez-Se ano
Flexibili y o cGANs o Encode A chi ec u e Isome ics
in Colou Pa e ns ......................................... 292
Diego Na a o-Ma eu, O iol Ca asco, and Ped o Co és Nie es
F agmen , O e lap and Time. Ca lo Sca pa’s G aphic Memo y ...... 302
Lucía Balboa Domínguez, Albe o G ijalba Bengoe xea,
and Noelia Gal án Des aux
Con en s xi
G aphic Analysis o he Pa en s and U ili y Models Regis e ed
by Spanish A chi ec s Be ween 1950 and 1970 .................... 312
Fá ima Sa asola Rubio
Pedagogy o P ac ical Lea ning in he A chi ec u al Idea ion
and Communica ion ........................................ 322
Angelique T achana and Juan Ca los González O iz
Pe cep ion and Phenomenology o Ligh and Colou
in he A chi ec u e o Luis Ba agán........................... 333
Luis Na a o Jo e and Ca los L. Ma cos Alba
Pos e mania.Talle de A qui ec u a and he Pos e as Manifies o ...... 342
Raquel Ál a ez A ce, Ál a o Mo al Ga cía, and Noelia Gal án Des aux
Telling o Images. The “Cou o Ligh s”o Piazza Sca a illi
in Bologna ............................................... 352
C is iana Ba olomei, Cecilia Mazzoli, and Ca e ina Mo gan i
The Discu si e Cons uc ion in OMA’s Exhibi ions ................ 362
Ja ie Rod íguez Ga cía and Angelique T achana
The Expe ien ial Time in he D awing o En ic Mi alles ............ 373
Humildad San iago Ped aza and Angelique T achana
The Random Machine. G aphic Rep esen a ion Based
on Mechanical Repe i ion .................................... 384
Ca los Campos and Alessand a Ci afici
T adi ional and Inno a i e Tools o Planning Though . The P ojec
o Town Hall in Ses o San Gio anni by Pie o Bo oni .............. 394
Ma ia Pompeiana Ia ossi and Cecilia San ac oce
Whe e Do We S ep? The Ho izon is on he Ladde : Landscapes
ha Lina Bo Ba di C ea ed in He D awings .................... 404
Ma a Sánchez-Llo ens and Fe mina Ga ido
Au ho Index................................................ 415
xii Con en s
Rossi p esen ed Cuneo's p ojec in 1962, oge he wi h Gian Ugo Polesello and
Luca Meda. I is a cubic wo k measu ing 12 m on a side, which a ends o he place
while ying o e oke he memo y o he eeling o e uge and e o o he I alian
comba an s in he Second Wo ld Wa [9]. The s ai case, which is comp essed in he
i ual o ascen in o he in e io o he cube, eaches a ho izon al pla o m om which i
di ec s he gaze o he moun ains o Bo es, whe e he pa isan g oups ough in hei
Resis ance o he Nazi occupa ion.
The sec ion o he monumen , a s ai case ha ends in an elonga ed window like a
fissu e ha looks ou in o he landscape, will be epea ed by Rossi in o he wo ks such
as he Sand o Pe ini monumen in Milan, buil be ween 1988–1989. The s ai case is
concei ed by Rossi mo e o i s seman ic han o mal alue, by gi ing i a powe ul
meaning in i s a chi ec u e.
The cube, as an ideal a chi ec u al o m [10], will be used again by Rossi, a e he
p ojec o he monumen o he Resis ance, in he Modena ceme e y, buil be ween
1971–1978, in he Tea o del Mondo, epheme al a chi ec u e p esen ed o he 1979
Venice Biennale, o in he a o emen ioned monumen o Sand o Pe ini.
Rossi's analogous hough in which his o y is emembe ed h ough he objec s o
a ec ion (ogge i d’a ezione) ha memo y makes use o [11] is disco e ed in his
p ojec . Rossi shows us he my h o he pa isans’ e uge, ec ea ing one o he ca es in
his cube h ough he spa ial o ganiza ion and ou o he monumen .
The commemo a ion o his o y hanks o a monumen ha allows us o unde s and
he pas is wha gi es i i s own s a us as a monumen [12].
Fig. 5. Conical pe spec i e o he Pa igliani monumen , in Seg a e (EGA 1 s uden : López, P.,
2020).
142 M. C. Vílchez La a

The monumen al oun ain in he Plaza de Seg a e is one o he mos ep esen a i e
monumen s o memo y o Aldo Rossi's a chi ec u e (Fig. 5). I is p esen in nume ous
publica ions, exhibi ions and composi ions made by his I alian heo is and g ea
hinke , such as, in he pain ing o A duino Can a o a en i led Analogue Ci y, which
chai ed he A chi ec u e Sec ion o he XV T iennial [13]. Designed in 1965, i has
ecen ly been es o ed by one o his disciples and collabo a o s, Gianni B aghie i [14].
The squa e, equipped wi h some s eps, appea s as an almos emp y space delimi ed by a
wall wi h ew openings, es iges o columns eme ging om he g ound and he
oun ain. This is made up o simple jux aposed olumes: a pa allelepiped ha lodges
he s ai case, a cylinde and a iangula p ism, like a ympanum, h ough which he
wa e ci cula es be o e being pou ed in o an elonga ed line o wa e .
E en hough i is a mino wo k, i is capable o explaining he poe ics o he
a chi ec u e o Rossi wi h special exp essi eness, h ough “a dense and olun a y
combina ion o G eek simplici y, neo-enligh ened exal a ion, me aphysical plas ic
sen imen and Co busian adhesion”[15] (p. 533). Rossi himsel would ecognize he
exis ence o an upwa d mo emen in he whole o he squa e, p ojec ed as a podium,
hea e , a public place pa excellence, a he same ime ha he jus ified he appea ance
o he ympanum – he iangle–as “a o m e y pu e de i ed om classical a chi ec u e
such as he column elemen ”[16] (p. 13).
Pe e Eisenman will in oduce Rossi o he Ame ican public as he c ea o o a deep
imagina y and will choose as he back co e o his book “Aldo Rossi in Ame ica: 1976
o 1979”a ske ch by Rossi o he Seg a e monumen oun ain, loca ed a a closeup [17].
E nes o Na han Roge s, di ec o o he Domus and Casabella magazines, exe ed a
g ea in luence on a chi ec s such as Aldo Rossi wi h his in ense heo e ical co pus
a ound he essen ial ole o his o ical consciousness in a chi ec u e and he eco e y o
adi ion o he p og ess o cul u e [18].
Aldo Rossi was pa o he g oup o young a chi ec u e s uden s a he Milan
Poly echnic, since he mid-1950s, which would be known as he “Gio ani delle
colonne”[19], in hei commi men o ealism and his o ical adi ion as opposed o
a ionalism and unc ionalism o he Mo imien o di S udi pe l'A chi e u a, de ended
by Gianca lo De Ca lo as a con inui y o he fi s I alian Mode n Mo emen . The
inno a ion and ein e p e a ion o he his o ical adi ion wi h o ms and ypologies o
he pas , such as a ches and columns, a e closely linked wi h he collec i e memo y and
he place.
4 Resul s and Conclusions
The monog aphic wo ks esul ed in p oduc s ob ained om he sel -lea ning o he
s uden s, supe ised by hei eache : a se ies o d awings and collages in A3 o ma , in
addi ion o he physical models o he s udied e e en s, in which he ma e iali y and he
scale o he monumen e e enced wi h espec o he human scale.
These monog aphs o case s udies a e he p ac ical and di ec applica ion o he
heo y augh in he subjec : he block o he Dihed al Sys em, which includes p oblems
o esea ch exe cises, documen a ion, analysis, 2D iews, changes o plane and com-
posi ion; o hogonal and oblique Axonome ies; Conical Pe spec i es; and, Shadows.
Mee ing Poin s o Lea ning: Te agni and Rossi 143
Fig. 6. Dihed al iews o he penul ima e e sion o he monumen o Robe o Sa a i (EGA 1
s uden : González, R., 2019).
Fig. 7. Dihed al iews o he penul ima e e sion o he monumen o Robe o Sa a i (EGA 1
s uden : Abdul, M., 2019).
144 M. C. Vílchez La a
The p ac ices de eloped in he monog aphic wo ks achie ed no only ha he
s uden s lea ned he undamen als o he di e en ep esen a ion sys ems and he
g aphic codes ha a e used in a chi ec u al g aphic exp ession, bu we we e able o
obse e ha as he s uden s we e able o con ol wha basic, hey we e paying a en ion
o he es o he con en s and hey began o make he esea ch wo k and he p oposed
g aphic expe ience o ally hei own, unique and pe sonal (Fig. 6, Fig. 7). Wi h he
p esen a ion and co ec ion o he wo ks in he ace- o- ace sessions ca ied ou in he
class oom, he s uden s lea ned o de elop cons uc i e c i ical hinking in addi ion o
being awa e o he ways in which a wo k can be ead and ha e a special meaning
wi hin he g aphic signifie ha shows.
These wo academic yea s ha we ha e wo ked monumen s o memo y wi h EGA
1 s uden s, p ojec ed by Te agni and Rossi, ha e allowed us o disco e a se ies o
mee ing poin s be ween hese wo I alian a chi ec s, belonging o di e en e as and
poli ical ideologies. Among hem we s and ou :
– he monumen linked o he eeling o collec i e memo y and o he place,
–in e es in he pas ,
– he use o s one as he mos sui able ma e ial o exp ess he monumen ali y and
ela ionship wi h he land,
– he use o abs ac and ound geome ies, wi h pe ec symme ies,
– he sculp ed s ai case as a powe ul composi ional elemen ha ele a es he body
and he gaze, he incidence o ligh and shadows gene a ed by he a chi ec u e o he
monumen (Fig. 8).
Rega ding he pe cep ion o he subjec by s uden s, we conclude ha he linking o
he lea ning o geome ic shapes and ep esen a ion sys ems o such significan
a chi ec u al e e ences, cons i u es a mo i a ing elemen ha b eaks wi h he abs ac
isola ion o he old Desc ip i e Geome y subjec , o which comes om EGA 1, while
enhancing in e ac ion wi h o he disciplines o he deg ee in A chi ec u e, such as
His o y o A chi ec u e and A chi ec u al Composi ion. The in e es in he sea ch o
pedagogical and mo i a ing exe cises o he eaching o Desc ip i e Geome y, using
ecognizable a chi ec u es and making he s uden eel he owne o his lea ning, has
ecen ly been e idenced by au ho s such as Ál a o, Alonso and Gal án[20].
Fig. 8. Axonome ies wi h shadows o he monumen by Te agni (Le . S uden : Pa a, A.,
2019) and o he monumen by Rossi (Righ . S uden : López, P., 2020).
Mee ing Poin s o Lea ning: Te agni and Rossi 145
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and esea ch expe ience. In: Agus ín-He nández, L., Vallespín Muniesa, A., Fe nández-
Mo ales, A. (eds.) G aphical He i age. EGA 2020. SSDI, ol. 7, pp. 419–430. Sp inge ,
Cham (2020). h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/978-3-030-47987-9_35
2. Mo ales Bueno, P., Landa Fi zge ald, V.: Ap endizaje basado en p oblemas: p oblem–based
lea ning. Theo ia 13, 145–157 (2004)
3. Mou sund, D.: P ojec –Based Lea ning Using In o ma ion Technology. 2nd edn. In e na-
ional Socie y o Technology in Educa ion, Eugene (2002)
4. Man e o, E.: El labo a o io de Giuseppe Te agni. 2c: cons ucción de la ciudad 20–21, 56–
63 (1982)
5. Díaz Cabiale, L.M.: The Te agni’s idea o mass: analysis o he monumen o Robe o
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6. Acos a, F.J.: Las ideas y los ins umen os específicos del p oyec o a qui ec ónico. Giuseppe
Te agni en e a la o odoxia del Mo imien o Mode no. Uni e si a Poli ècnica de València,
Valencia (2015)
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Aldo Rossi. G ey Room 8, 38–61 (2002)
11. Rossi, A.: La a qui ec u a análoga. 2c: cons ucción de la ciudad 2,8–11 (1975)
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13. Rossi, A., B aghie i, G., Raggi, F.: Sección de a qui ec u a de la XV T ienal. 2c:
cons ucción de la ciudad 2, 12–15 (1975)
14. Sa i, V.: Res au o della on ana di Aldo Rossi a Seg a e e nuo a sis emazione u bana. A chi:
i is a s izze a di a chi e u a, ingegne ia e u banís ica 1, 40–47 (2002)
15. González Capi el, A.: La con es ación al desa ollo mode no: el pensamien o y la ob a de
Aldo Rossi. In: A qui ec u a eu opea y ame icana después de las angua dias, pp. 529–548.
Espasa–Calpe, Mad id (1996)
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