Beha io al Psychology / Psicología Conduc ual, Vol. 32, No. 2, 2024, pp. 289-299
h ps://doi.o g/10.51668/bp.8324204n
IMPULSIVITY IN ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER AND
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER IN PRISON
POPULATION1
E a Cas illo1, Bea iz Cobo2, Ma ía del Ca men López-To ecillas3,
F ancisca López-To ecillas2, and Lucas Muñoz-López2
1Albolo e Peni en ia y Cen e G anada, 2Uni e si y o G anada, 3Minis y o
Equali y, Social Policy and Concilia ion o he Jun a de Andalucía (Spain)
Abs ac
This s udy examined impulsi i y in an isocial pe sonali y diso de (ASPD) and
obsessi e-compulsi e pe sonali y diso de (OCPD) in he con ex o c iminal
o ending. Pa icipan s comple ed he Demog aphic, C iminal, and Ins i u ional
Beha io In e iew, he In e na ional Pe sonali y Diso de Examina ion, he
Symp om Checklis -90-Re ised, and he Impulsi e Beha io Scale, ha he APD and
OCPD g oups can commi he same c imes (agains people and agains objec s).
The esul s e ealed ha ASPD and OCPD g oups can commi he same c imes
(agains human and agains objec s), al hough hey di e in e ms o impulsi i y
[Nega i e U gency (UN), Sensa ion Seeking (BS) and Posi i e U gency (UP)], wi h
he OCPD g oup sco ing lowe on hese dimensions. In he ASPD g oup, hose who
had commi ed c imes agains human sco ed highe in UN, BS and UP han hose
who had commi ed c imes agains objec s. In he OCPD g oup, hose who had
commi ed c imes agains human sco ed highe on UN and lowe on BS and UP
han hose who had commi ed c imes agains objec s. The impo ance o
analyzing pe sonali y diso de p o iles o a be e unde s anding o c iminal
beha io is emphasized.
KEY WORDS: pe sonali y diso de s, ASPD, OCPD, impulsi i y, c imes.
Resumen
Es e es udio analizó la impulsi idad en los as o nos an isocial (TAP) y
obsesi o compulsi o de la pe sonalidad (TOCP) con elación a los deli os. Los
pa icipan es comple a on la “En e is a demog á ica, delic i a y de
compo amien o ins i ucional”, el “Examen in e nacional pa a los as o nos de
pe sonalidad”, el “Lis ado de 90 sín omas- e isado” y la “Escala de
compo amien o impulsi o”. Los esul ados e ela on que los g upos TAP y TOCP
pueden come e los mismos deli os (con a pe sonas y con a obje os) aunque
di ie en en impulsi idad [U gencia nega i a (UN), Búsqueda de sensaciones (BS) y
U gencia posi i a (UP)], siendo el g upo TOCP el que mues a pun uaciones más
bajas en es as dimensiones. En el g upo TAP quienes come ie on deli os con a
This esea ch is pa o P ojec A-SEJ-154-UGR20 inanced by he Andalusian Knowledge Agency.
Minis y o Economy, Knowledge, Companies and Uni e si y.
Co espondence: Lucas Muñoz-López, Dep . o Pe sonali y, Assessmen and Psychological T ea men ,
Uni e si y o G anada (Spain). E-mail: [email p o ec ed]
290 CASTILLO, COBO, LÓPEZ-TORRECILLAS, LÓPEZ- TORRECILLAS, AND MUÑOZ-LÓPEZ
pe sonas pun ua on más al o en UN, BS y UP que los pa icipan es que come ie on
deli os con a obje os. En el g upo TOCP quienes come ie on deli os con a
pe sonas pun ua on más al o en UN y más bajo en BS y UP que los que come ie on
deli os con a obje os. Se des aca la impo ancia de analiza los pe iles de
as o nos de la pe sonalidad pa a una mayo comp ensión de las conduc as
delic i as.
PALABRAS CLAVE: as o nos de la pe sonalidad, TAP, TOCP, impulsi idad, comisión
de deli os.
In oduc ion
The e a e mo e han 2 million indi iduals imp isoned in penal ins i u ions
wo ldwide. This si ua ion is pa icula ly se ious in ce ain coun ies such as Russia
(386,1 inma es, pe 100,000 inhabi an s) o Tu key (329). While o e c owding is a
heal h issue h oughou he whole o Eu ope, he numbe o inma es in Spain
amoun s o o e 125,7 pe 100,000 inhabi an s, highe han Belgium (120,6),
F ance (104,5), I aly (99,9), he Uni ed Kingdom (91,72) and Ge many (76,7, pe
100,000 inhabi an s). Mo eo e , he leng h o p ison sen ences in Spain is double
ha o o he p isons in Eu ope. Speci ically, he a e age leng h o a sen ence in
Spain is 21 mon hs compa ed wi h he 10-mon h sen ences se ed in Eu ope (Space,
2019). I is also he case ha men al heal h diso de s a e mo e common among
inma es han he gene al popula ion. The p ison en i onmen , he s ic egime, and
he o e c owded condi ions in co ec ional ins i u ions a e all hough o be
de imen al o men al heal h (Baćak e al., 2019). To da e i is di icul o conclude
he ole ha pe sonali y diso de s play in his popula ion. All ha is known is ha
he p e alence a es o pe sonali y diso de s a e highe in he p ison popula ion han
in he communi y popula ion (Slade and Fo es e , 2013) and ha an isocial
pe sonali y diso de (ASPD) and obsessi e-compulsi e pe sonali y diso de (OCPD)
a e acu ely p e alen and unde lie many iolen beha io s (Fanning e al., 2019). Fo
his eason, and in line wi h a p e ious s udy (Cas illo-Fe nández e al., 2016), we
emphasize he need o u he deepen he unde s anding o pe sonali y diso de s in
he p ison popula ion, especially ASPD and OCPD.
Acco ding o Fanning e al. (2019), in classic esea ch (Hollande , 1999;
S an o d e al., 2003), iolen o agg essi e beha io has been associa ed wi h wo
di e en sub ypes. The i s is impulsi e and hos ile beha io and he second is
p emedi a ed and ins umen al beha io . Impulsi e agg ession is de ined as an
agg essi e esponse igge ed by a p o oca ion ha leads o loss o beha io al
con ol, and p emedi a ed (ins umen al) agg ession is unde s ood as a planned o
delibe a e agg essi e ac ha is no spon aneous o ela ed o a s a e o a ousal due
o ange issues. The e o e, agg ession can be concep ualized as impulsi e o
compulsi e beha io , and ea men will di e depending on whe he i is impulsi e
o compulsi e beha io .
ASPD and OCPD could sha e ce ain impulsi e beha io ai s. In pa icula ,
impulsi i y is a concep ual componen o ASPD (Lang e al., 2015; Pe ich e al.,
2020) and in he case o OCPD, al hough his is commonly associa ed wi h
beha io al disinhibi ion, he li e a u e (Villema e e-Pi man e al., 2004) con ains
Impulsi i y and pe sonali y diso de s in he p ison popula ion 291
epo s o occasional explosi e agg essi e ou bu s s, ha is, he e could be a
coexis ence o compulsi e and impulsi e ai s in OCPD. APA (2013) de ines
impulsi i y as a p edisposi ion owa d apid, unplanned eac ions o ei he in e nal
o ex e nal s imuli, wi hou ega d o nega i e consequences.
The UPPS model o Impulsi e Pe sonali y (Ve dejo-Ga cía e al., 2010;
Whi eside & Lynam, 2001) has e ec i ely acknowledged dimensions o impulsi e
pe sonali y (Bos e al., 2019) and desc ibes how di e en dimensions o impulsi e
pe sonali y ai s could con ibu e o impulsi e pe sonali y and associa ed
psychopa hology (Goh e al., 2020). These dimensions ha e been concep ualized as
nega i e u gency ( he endency o ac suddenly while expe iencing s ong nega i e
emo ions), lack o p emedi a ion ( he endency o ac wi hou hinking), lack o
pe se e ance ( he endency o become wea y wi h and discon inue a ask wi hou
inishing), sensa ion seeking ( he endency o seek ou no el exci ing expe iences),
and posi i e u gency ( he endency o ac ca elessly while expe iencing s ong
posi i e emo ions).
Recen ly, a me a-analysis (B esin, 2019) ound a ela ionship be ween
dimensions o impulsi i y (i.e., nega i e u gency, posi i e u gency, lack o
o e hough , lack o pe sis ence, and sensa ion-seeking) and agg ession. Impulsi i y
(assessed wi h he UPPS) has been ex ensi ely s udied o i s associa ion wi h
maladap i e beha io s such as alcohol and d ug use (An unes-Jacobs e al., 2022;
Caña e al., 2015; Lannoy e al., 2020; Mulhause e al., 2019; Na as e al., 2017;
Pe e son & Smi h, 2017; Pila i e al., 2016; S ama es & Lau-Ba aco, 2017; Taylo
e al., 2016) and less s udied is he ela ionship wi h illici d ugs and c iminal
beha io (F ydman e al., 2020; Mo eno-Ramos e al., 2016). This g owing body o
e idence sugges s ha impulsi i y is associa ed wi h an inc ease in maladap i e and
heal h isk beha io s.
S udies in he li e a u e suppo he idea ha impulsi i y is s ongly associa ed
wi h maladap i e beha io s (mainly posi i e and nega i e u gency). Resul s
ega ding lack o p emedi a ion, lack o pe sis ence, and sensa ion seeking a e
inconsis en . Mos s udies use a no malized popula ion (college s uden s,
adolescen s, o adolescen s wi h mode a e use o consump ion o subs ances). We
ound only one s udy ha used a sample om he p ison popula ion, ano he wi h
e e ans, and one ha used a small sample o pa icipan s in addic ion ea men .
Since impulsi i y is ela ed o maladap i e beha io s (d ug use, agg essi eness, and
pe sonali y diso de s) in he clinical popula ion (Helle e al., 2020), i is impo an o
analyze his a iable in he p ison popula ion. Examining he ole o impulsi i y in
maladap i e beha io s in he p ison popula ion equi es a be e unde s anding o
ce ain dimensions such as lack o p emedi a ion, lack o pe sis ence, and sensa ion-
seeking. In addi ion, i is impo an o conside he pe sonali y diso de s ha a e
mos p e alen in he p ison popula ion and a e closely ela ed o impulsi e,
compulsi e and agg essi e beha io s.
The aim o his s udy was o analyze he di e en le els o impulsi i y measu ed
by he UPPS-P in pe sonali y diso de s [an isocial pe sonali y diso de (ASPD) and
obsessi e-compulsi e pe sonali y diso de (OCPD)] and hei ela ionship o he
c imes commi ed. o indi iduals om he p ison popula ion.
292 CASTILLO, COBO, LÓPEZ-TORRECILLAS, LÓPEZ- TORRECILLAS, AND MUÑOZ-LÓPEZ
Me hod
Pa icipan s
This s udy was conduc ed in a P ison loca ed in G anada, Spain. Ini ially, a o al
o 712 pa icipan s we e sc eened. The inclusion c i e ia we e o be be ween 18 and
55 yea s old, su e ing om ei he ASPD o OCPD and o be li e a e. Pa icipan s
we e excluded acco ding o he ollowing c i e ia: being olde han 55 yea s, ha ing
a physical impai men , psychia ic illness (schizoph enia o dep ession) o cu en ly
unde going psychopha macological ea men . The cu en s udy included a inal
sample o 194 men, 81 o which had been diagnosed wi h ASPD wi h a mean age
o 36.86 yea s (SD= 9.32) and 112 diagnosed wi h OCPD wi h a mean age o 38.78
yea s (SD= 8.47). All he inma es we e male.
Ins umen s
a) Ad hoc Demog aphic, C ime, and Ins i u ional Beha io In e iew. The in e iew
was designed speci ically o his esea ch wi h he aim o ga he ing socio-
demog aphic da a, in o ma ion ega ding he ypes o c imes commi ed and
any punishmen o p ison sen ences ecei ed acco ding o he Spanish jus ice
sys em (Royal Dec ee 1201/1981, 8 May, A icles 107 & 108).
b) In e na ional Pe sonali y Diso de Exam (IPDE; Lo ange e al., 1994), Spanish
e sion de eloped by López-Ibo e al. (1996). This is a diagnos ic ins umen
based on a semi-s uc u ed clinical in e iew, designed acco ding o DSM-5
c i e ia (APA, 2013). This ins umen consis s o open ques ions, mul iple-choice
ques ions, and yes/no ques ions. The i ems a e classi ied acco ding o he
ollowing six ca ego ies: wo k, sel , in e pe sonal ela ions, a ec ion, eali y
check, and impulse con ol. In addi ion, he IPDE includes a sc eening
ques ionnai e ha educes he in e iew adminis a ion ime by iden i ying he
pe sonali y diso de s ha he pe son is unlikely o su e om and hen
excluding u he ques ions ega ding hese diso de s. The adminis a ion o he
IPDE akes be ween 60 and 90 minu es and mus be ca ied ou by ained and
expe ienced p o essionals. The eliabili y and s abili y indices ob ained o he
IPDE a y be ween .70 and .96 (Lo ange e al., 1994). The ins umen is
conside ed one o he mos use ul and alid ools o assessing pe sonali y
diso de s o esea ch pu poses (López-Ibo e al., 1996).
c) Symp om Checklis -90-Re ised (SCL-90-R; De oga is & Sa i z, 2002), Spanish
e sion by González de Ri e a e al. (2002). This symp om scale measu es he
deg ee o psychological dis ess a pe son has expe ienced in he pas week. The
scale consis s o 90 i ems (52 in he educed e sion) using Like scales wi h i e
answe op ions. The scale assesses nine dimensions: Soma iza ions (SOM);
Obsessions and Compulsions (OBS); In e pe sonal Sensi i i y (IS), Dep ession
(DEP), Anxie y (ANS), Hos ili y (HOS), Phobic Anxie y (FOB), Pa anoid Idea ion
(PAR), and Psycho icism (PSIC). Se en addi ional i ems assess sleep diso de s,
ea ing diso de s, dea h- ela ed hough s, and eelings o guil . Th ee global
indices o dis ess can be calcula ed: an Index o Global Se e i y (IGS) measu ing
Impulsi i y and pe sonali y diso de s in he p ison popula ion 293
cu en le els o pe cei ed dis ess, To al Posi i e Symp oms (TPS) measu ing he
o al numbe o p esen symp oms, and he Index o Posi i e Symp oma ic
Dis ess (PSD) measu ing he esponse s yle owa ds symp oms. The nine
dimensions ha e documen ed eliabili y sco es a ound o g ea e han α= .70
and ha e shown concu en and p edic i e alidi y agains c i e ia including
o he clinical e alua ion ins umen s, sc eening ins umen s, psychia ic
diagnoses, s uc u ed e alua ion p o ocols, o indica o s o ecidi ism (De oga is
& Sa i z, 2002). We used he Spanish e sion o he in en o y (González de
Ri e a e al., 2002).
d) Impulsi i y Beha io Scale (UPPS-P; Whi eside & Lynam, 2001), Spanish adap ed
e sion by Ve dejo-Ga cía e al. (2010). This consis s o 59 i ems ha measu e
i e dimensions o impulsi i y: Lack o P emedi a ion (11 i ems), Nega i e
U gency (12 i ems), Lack o Pe se e ance (10 i ems), Sensa ion Seeking (12
i ems), and Posi i e U gency (14 i ems). The i ems a e sco ed on a Like scale
om 1 (comple ely ag ee) o 4 (comple ely disag ee). In his s udy, we used he
Spanish e sion (Ve dejo-Ga cía e al., 2010) which has demons a ed excellen
psychome ic p ope ies.
P ocedu e
Po en ial pa icipan s we e in e iewed indi idually o check whe he hey me
he inclusion c i e ia, a e which hey we e o e ed he oppo uni y o pa icipa e in
he esea ch. A e ag eeing o pa icipa e, hey comple ed he IPDE. Based on hese
esul s, pa icipan s wi h ASPD and OCPD we e hen selec ed. The pa icipan s hen
a ended an indi idual session in which hey comple ed he measu es desc ibed
below. A he beginning o he session, he pa icipan s we e eminded o hei igh
o abandon he s udy a any momen and we e asked o sign a w i en in o med
consen o m i hey ag eed o pa icipa e. A he end o he session, pa icipan s
we e deb ie ed and hanked o hei pa icipa ion. All pa icipan s we e in o med
abou he aims o he s udy and p o ided w i en in o med consen . E hical app o al
o his s udy was ob ained om he Resea ch E hics Commi ee o he Uni e si y o
G anada.
Da a analyses
All analyses we e conduc ed wi h he SPSS so wa e package. To con ol and
educe he e ec o psychological a iables, we conduc ed a mul i a ia e analysis o
a iance (MANOVA) using G oup (ASPD e sus OCPD) as he independen a iable
and using he a iables de i ed om SCL-90-R (To al sco e, To al Posi i es
Symp oms, Index Symp oma ic Dis ess, Soma iza ions, Obsessions and
compulsions, In e pe sonal sensi i i y, Dep ession, Anxie y, Hos ili y, Phobic anxie y,
Pa anoid Idea ion, Psycho icism) as dependen s. As we ound s a is ically signi ican
be ween-g oup di e ences in Hos ili y. To achie e he aim o he s udy, we
conduc ed a mul i a ia e analysis o co a iance (MANCOVA) o a be ween-g oup
bi ac o ial design, using hos ili y (SCL-90-R dimension) as a co a ia e, g oup (ASPD
s. OCPD) and c imes (C.A. humans s. C.A. objec s) as independen a iables, and

294 CASTILLO, COBO, LÓPEZ-TORRECILLAS, LÓPEZ- TORRECILLAS, AND MUÑOZ-LÓPEZ
he sco es o he di e en dimensions o he Impulsi i y Scale (UPPS-P): Lack o
Pe sis ence, Nega i e U gency, Lack o P emedi a ion, Sensa ion Seeking, and
Posi i e U gency as he i e dependen a iables.
Resul s
In he case o SCL-90-R, he esul s showed s a is ically signi ican di e ences
in he in e ac ion (Wilks' lambda= 0.031, F(12,181)= 472.519, p< .001) and in he main
e ec o he g oup a iable (Wilks' lambda= 0.790, F(12,181)= 4.020, p< .001). As he
MANOVA showed s a is ically signi ican esul s o he in e ac ion and main e ec
o he g oup a iable, uni a ia e bi ac o ial ANOVAs we e conduc ed o each o he
le els o he dependen a iable (SCL-90-R To al; Posi i e Symp oms To al; Index o
Dis ess; Soma iza ion; Compulsi i y; In e pe sonal Sensi i i y; Dep ession; Anxie y;
Hos ili y; Phobic Anxie y; Pa anoid Idea ion; and Psycho icism). These ANOVAs
showed ha he e we e s a is ically signi ican di e ences in hos ili y (F(1,192)=33.475,
Mce=9677.001, p< .001), wi h highe sco es in he ASPD g oup han in he OCPD
g oup. No s a is ically signi ican di e ences we e ound o o al SCL-90-R, To al
Posi i e Symp oms, Dis ess Index, Soma iza ion, Obsessions, In e pe sonal
Sensi i i y, Dep ession, Anxie y, Phobic Anxie y, Pa anoid Idea ion and
Psycho icism). The means, s anda d de ia ions and signi icance can be seen in Table
1.
Table 1
Mean, s anda d de ia ion and signi icance le el and s a is ical powe o he Symp om
Checklis -90-Re ised (SCL-90-R)
SCL-90-R
G oup ASPD
G oup OCPD
F η
M
SD
M
SD
To al sco e
40.34
20.63
38.12
19. 11
0.596
.003
To al Posi i es Symp oms
52.83
23.85
49.20
23.01
1.141
.006
Index Symp oma ic Dis ess
25.99
18.87
27.08
19.60
0.151
.001
Soma iza ions
37.59
23.98
40.86
25.06
0.831
.004
Obsessions and compulsions
44.69
21.25
42.88
21.52
.339
.002
In e pe sonal sensi i i y
42.65
22.45
42.96
20.28
.010
.000
Dep ession
41.57
20.00
43.54
19.19
.478
.002
Anxie y
40. 03
20.73
35.42
20.10
2.418
.012
Hos ili y
51. 67
20.26
37.34
14.22
33.475***
.148
Phobic anxie y
40.18
15.49
42.46
16.82
.918
.005
Pa anoid Idea ion
55. 34
17. 60
54.33
18.18
.149
.001
Psycho icism
47. 78
15. 44
45.15
16.51
1.257
.007
No es: SCL-90-R= Symp om Checklis -90-Re ised. ***p< .001.
In he case o UPPS-P, he esul s e ealed s a is ically signi ican di e ences
be ween in e ac ions g oup x c imes (Wilks’ Lambda= 0.911, F(5, 185)= 3.636, p< .01);
he g oups (Wilks’ Lambda= 0.820, F(5, 185)= 8.142, p< .001) and c imes (Wilks’
Lambda= 0.986, F(5, 185)= 0.519, p< .01].
Impulsi i y and pe sonali y diso de s in he p ison popula ion 295
As he MANCOVA e ealed a s a is ically signi ican G oup x C ime in e ac ion,
we pe o med bi a ia es ANCOVAs o each o he le els o he dependen a iable
(Lack o P emedi a ion, Nega i e U gency, Lack o Pe sis ence, Sensa ion Seeking,
and Posi i e U gency). The g oup x c imes ANCOVAs e ealed di e ences in
Nega i e U gency (F(4,183)=1.623, Mce=93.469, p< .05); Sensa ion Seeking
(F(4,183)=5.208, Mce=303.893, p< .01) and Posi i e U gency (F(4,183)=1.501,
Mce=134.657, p< .05). The ASPD g oup showed highe sco es han he OCPD
g oup in in he h ee a iables. In he ASPD g oup, pa icipan s who had commi ed
c imes agains human sco ed highe on Nega i e U gency, Sensa ion Seeking and
Posi i e U gency han pa icipan s who had commi ed c imes agains objec s. In he
case o he OCPD g oup, pa icipan s who had commi ed c imes agains human
sco ed highe on Nega i e U gency and Posi i e U gency han pa icipan s who had
commi ed c imes agains objec s. In addi ion, pa icipan s who had commi ed
c imes agains human sco ed lowe on Sensa ion Seeking han pa icipan s who had
commi ed c imes agains objec s. The e we e no signi ican di e ences in lack o
p emedi a ion and lack o pe sis ence. The means, s anda d de ia ions and
signi ican di e ences a e shown in Table 2.
Discussion
In his s udy, he dimensions o impulsi i y (assessed wi h he UPPS-P) in
an isocial and obsessi e-compulsi e pe sonali y diso de s (ASPD and OCPD) and
hei ela ionship wi h he commission o c iminal o ences (which we e di ided in o
o ences agains human and o ences agains objec s) we e compa ed.
The esul s ob ained show ha pa icipan s wi h ASPD had highe sco es in he
a eas o Nega i e U gency, Sensa ion Seeking and Posi i e U gency han hose wi h
OCPD. Analysis o he pe sonali y diso de g oups (ASPD and OCPD) e ealed
di e ences in Nega i e U gency, Sensa ion Seeking and Posi i e U gency, wi h he
ASPD g oup sco ing highe on all h ee a iables han he OCPD g oup. These
indings a e consis en wi h he esul s o p e ious wo k (Caña e al., 2015; F ydman
e al., 2020; Goh e al., 2020; Helle e al., 2020; Lannoy e al., 2020; Mo eno-Ramos
e al., 2016; Mulhause e al., 2019; Na as e al., 2017; Pe e son e al., 2017; Pila i
e al., 2016; 2017; S ama es & Lau-Ba aco, 2017; Taylo e al., 2016), which
suppo s he ele ance o impulsi e ai s as key co ela es o pe sonali y diso de s.
Table 2
Means, s anda d de ia ions, and signi ican di e ences in impulsi i y dimensions (UPPS-P) be ween he ASPD and
OCPD and c imes agains humans (C.A. Humans) and c imes agains objec (C.A. Objec s)
UPPS-P
G oup ASPD
G oup OCPD
F
η
C.A. Human
C.A. Obje s
C.A HUMAN
C.A. OBJETS
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
M
SD
Lack o P emedi a ion
22.93
6.16
22.73
7.01
19.63
6.69
19.03
5.45
.080
.000
Nega i e U gency
34.97
7.66
32.60
7.70
24.95
7.19
22.28
8.60
4.937*
.025
Lack o Pe se e ance
20.28
5.77
19.44
6.02
17.95
5.36
18.08
7.79
.176
.001
Sensa ion Seeking
36.83
7.75
33.94
7.82
24.49
7.20
31.49
8.17
16.744***
.081
Posi i e U gency
35.03
10.84
32.19
9.70
24.32
9.22
28.28
9.58
4.776*
.025
No e: UPPS-P= Impulsi i y Beha io Scale; ASPD= an isocial pe sonali y diso de ; OCPD= obsessi e-compulsi e pe sonali y diso de ;
CA= c imes agains . ***p< .001, *p< .05.
296 CASTILLO, COBO, LÓPEZ-TORRECILLAS, LÓPEZ- TORRECILLAS, AND MUÑOZ-LÓPEZ
Conce ning Nega i e U gency, unde s ood as he endency o engage in isky
beha io o ash ac ions when nega i ely a ec i e, ega dless o he nega i e
consequences ha migh esul , we ound ha he ASPD g oup sco ed highe han
he OCPD g oup. In e ms o c iminal o enses, we ound ha bo h he ASPD and
OCPD g oups sco ed highe on commi ing c imes agains human compa ed o
commi ing c imes agains objec s. As ega ds Sensa ion Seeking, de ined as he
endency o engage in and enjoy ac i i ies wi h a high emo ional componen and o
open onesel o new, po en ially dange ous expe iences, we ound ha he ASPD
g oup sco ed highe han he OCPD. When i came o commi ing c imes, we ound
ha he ASPD g oup ha had commi ed c imes agains human had highe sco es
han he g oup ha had commi ed c imes agains objec s. In he OCPD g oup, on
he o he hand, he sco es we e lowe o hose who had commi ed c imes agains
human han o hose who had commi ed c imes agains objec s. Rela ing o
Posi i e U gency, i.e. he endency o commi isky ac s o o lose con ol unde he
in luence o in ense posi i e emo ions, we ound ha he ASPD g oup sco ed highe
han he OCPD g oup. Fo he commission o c imes, we ound ha he ASPD g oup
ha had commi ed c imes agains human sco ed highe han he g oup ha had
commi ed c imes agains objec s. In he OCPD g oup, on he o he hand, sco es
we e lowe o hose who had commi ed c imes agains human han o hose who
had commi ed c imes agains objec s. Ou indings a e no el, as p e iously he
commission o c imes has no been analyzed based on he dimensions o impulsi i y
and ASPD and OCPD. Al hough i would make sense o explain he di e ences
ound on he basis o he cha ac e is ics o he analyzed p o iles (ASPD and OCPD).
ASPD is cha ac e ized by callous unconce n o he eelings o o he s. People
wi h ASPD show a g oss and pe sis en a i ude o i esponsibili y and dis ega d o
social no ms, ules and obliga ions, along wi h an incapaci y o main ain endu ing
ela ionships, e en hough hey ha e no di icul y in es ablishing hem. The e o e,
ASPD e lec s a deeply ing ained and igid dys unc ional hough p ocess ha is
mani es in social i esponsibili y wi h exploi i e, delinquen , and c iminal beha io
wi hou emo se. Dis ega d o and iola ion o o he s' igh s a e common
mani es a ions o his pe sonali y diso de , which displays symp oms ha include
ailu e o con o m o he law, inabili y o sus ain consis en employmen , decep ion,
manipula ion o pe sonal gain, and an incapaci y o o m s able ela ionships (Black
e al., 2010).
OCPD is cha ac e ized by a pe asi e p eoccupa ion wi h o de liness and de ail
and he need o con ol o e one’s en i onmen ha leads o signi ican dis ess o
impai men . People wi h OCPD ind i di icul o elax, eel obliged o plan ou hei
ac i i ies o he minu e, and ind uns uc u ed ime in ole able. Fu he , hey a e
o en cha ac e ized as igid and con olling. This need o in e pe sonal con ol in
OCPD can lead o hos ili y and occasional explosi e ou bu s s o ange a home and
wo k (Cain e al., 2015).
Despi e he p e alence a es in inma es and he nega i e consequences
associa ed wi h ASPD and OCPD, ela i ely li le esea ch has sys ema ically
examined he in his p ison popula ion. To ou knowledge, his s udy is he i s
in es iga ion o e alua e impulsi e and compulsi e impulsi i y by compa ing
pe sonali y diso de s (ASPD and OCPD) and he ela ionship wi h c imes commi ed
Impulsi i y and pe sonali y diso de s in he p ison popula ion 297
by indi iduals in he p ison popula ion. This is also he i s ime ha impulsi i y has
been compa ed wi h impulsi i y (ASPD) and compulsi i y (OCPD) wi hin he same
g oup o DSM-5 diso de s (APA, 2013).
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