JHEP05(2023)228
Published o SISSA by Sp inge
Recei ed:May 17, 2022
Accep ed:Sep embe 19, 2022
Published:May 30, 2023
Sea ch o long-li ed pa icles decaying o a pai o
muons in p o on-p o on collisions a √s= 13 TeV
The CMS collabo a ion
E-mail: [email p o ec ed]
Abs ac : An inclusi e sea ch o long-li ed exo ic pa icles decaying o a pai o muons
is p esen ed. The sea ch uses da a collec ed by he CMS expe imen a he CERN LHC
in p o on-p o on collisions a √s= 13 TeV in 2016 and 2018 and co esponding o an
in eg a ed luminosi y o 97.6 b−1. The expe imen al signa u e is a pai o opposi ely
cha ged muons o igina ing om a common seconda y e ex spa ially sepa a ed om he
pp in e ac ion poin by dis ances anging om se e al hund ed µm o se e al me e s. The
esul s a e in e p e ed in he amewo ks o he hidden Abelian Higgs model, in which he
Higgs boson decays o a pai o long-li ed da k pho ons ZD, and o a simpli ied model, in
which long-li ed pa icles a e p oduced in decays o an exo ic hea y neu al scala boson.
Fo he hidden Abelian Higgs model wi h m(ZD)g ea e han 20GeV and less han hal
he mass o he Higgs boson, hey p o ide he bes limi s o da e on he b anching ac ion
o he Higgs boson o da k pho ons o cτ(ZD)( a ying wi h m(ZD)) be ween 0.03 and
≈0.5mm, and abo e ≈0.5m. Ou esul s also yield he bes cons ain s on long-li ed
pa icles wi h masses la ge han 10GeV p oduced in decays o an exo ic scala boson
hea ie han he Higgs boson and decaying o a pai o muons.
Keywo ds: Exo ics, Had on-Had on Sca e ing, Li e ime
A Xi eP in : 2205.08582
Open Access, Copy igh CERN,
o he bene i o he CMS Collabo a ion.
A icle unded by SCOAP3.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1007/JHEP05(2023)228
JHEP05(2023)228
Con en s
1 In oduc ion 1
2 The CMS de ec o 2
3 Signal models, da a and simula ed samples 3
4 Analysis s a egy and e en selec ion 5
5 Backg ound es ima ion and associa ed sys ema ic unce ain ies 13
5.1 Es ima ion o D ell–Yan and o he p omp backg ounds 15
5.2 Es ima ion o nonp omp backg ounds 17
5.3 Valida ion o backg ound p edic ions 20
6 Sys ema ic unce ain ies a ec ing he signal 22
7 Resul s 24
8 Summa y 32
The CMS collabo a ion 37
1 In oduc ion
Long-li ed pa icles (LLPs) a e p edic ed by many ex ensions o he s anda d model (SM),
in pa icula by a ious supe symme ic scena ios [1,2] and “hidden sec o ” models [3,4].
Such pa icles could mani es hemsel es h ough decays o SM pa icles a mac oscopic
dis ances om he p o on-p o on (pp) in e ac ion poin (IP).
This pape desc ibes an inclusi e sea ch o an exo ic massi e LLP decaying o a pai
o opposi ely cha ged muons, e e ed o as a “displaced dimuon”, ha o igina es om
a common seconda y e ex spa ially sepa a ed om he IP. The sea ch is based on an
analysis o pp collisions co esponding o an in eg a ed luminosi y o 97.6 b−1collec ed
wi h he CMS de ec o a √s= 13 TeV du ing Run 2 o he CERN LHC. A minimal se
o equi emen s and loose e en selec ion c i e ia allow he sea ch o be sensi i e o a wide
ange o models p edic ing LLPs ha decay o inal s a es ha include a pai o opposi ely
cha ged muons. We in e p e he esul s o he sea ch in he amewo k o wo benchma k
models: he hidden Abelian Higgs model (HAHM), in which displaced dimuons a ise om
decays o hypo he ical da k pho ons [5], and a simpli ied model, in which a non-SM Higgs
boson decays o a pai o long-li ed exo ic hea y neu al scala bosons, a leas one o
which decays in o a pai o muons [6].
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JHEP05(2023)228
The p esen sea ch explo es he LLP mass ange abo e 10GeV accessible wi h he Run
2 dimuon igge s and is sensi i e o seconda y e ex displacemen s anging om se e al
hund ed µm o se e al me e s. I is a con inua ion and ex ension o wo CMS analyses
pe o med using da a aken a √s= 8 TeV du ing Run 1 o he LHC. One analysis was
dedica ed o a sea ch o LLPs decaying o wo elec ons o wo muons in he acke [7];
he o he looked o LLP decays o inal s a es con aining wo muons econs uc ed only
in he muon sys em [8]. The analysis o he Run 2 da a desc ibed he e con ains nume ous
imp o emen s o e hese Run 1 sea ches, no ably in e ined e en selec ion and imp o ed
backg ound e alua ion p ocedu es. I also bene i s om an inc ease in in eg a ed lumi-
nosi y by almos a ac o o i e, collec ed a a highe √s. A sea ch o LLPs decaying o
displaced dimuons has also been pe o med by he ATLAS Collabo a ion, using 2016 da a
co esponding o an in eg a ed luminosi y o 32.9 b−1[9].
This pape is o ganized as ollows. Sec ion 2desc ibes he CMS de ec o . Sec ion 3
p esen s he signal models as well as he samples analyzed om da a and om he Mon e
Ca lo simula ion. Sec ion 4desc ibes he analysis s a egy, he igge s, and he o line
e en selec ion. Es ima ion o backg ounds and he associa ed sys ema ic unce ain ies a e
desc ibed in sec ion 5. Sec ion 6summa izes he sys ema ic unce ain ies a ec ing signal
e iciencies. Sec ion 7desc ibes he esul s ob ained in he indi idual dimuon ca ego ies
and hei combina ion. The analysis summa y is p esen ed in sec ion 8. Tabula ed esul s
and supplemen a y ma e ial o ein e p e ing he esul s in he amewo k o models no
explici ly conside ed in his pape a e p o ided in HEPDa a [10].
2 The CMS de ec o
The cen al ea u e o he CMS de ec o is a supe conduc ing solenoid o 6m in e nal di-
ame e , p o iding a magne ic ield o 3.8T. Wi hin he solenoid olume a e a silicon pixel
and s ip acke ex ending ou wa ds o a adius o 1.1m, a lead ungs a e c ys al elec o-
magne ic calo ime e , and a b ass and scin illa o had on calo ime e , each composed o a
ba el and wo endcap sec ions. Fo wa d calo ime e s ex end he co e age in pseudo apid-
i y ηp o ided by he ba el and endcap de ec o s. Muons a e de ec ed in gas-ioniza ion
chambe s co e ing he ange |η|<2.4and embedded in he s eel lux- e u n yoke ou side
he solenoid. The muon sys em is composed o h ee ypes o chambe s: d i ubes (DTs)
in he ba el, ca hode s ip chambe s (CSCs) in he endcaps, and esis i e-pla e chambe s
in bo h he ba el and he endcaps. The chambe s a e assembled in o ou “s a ions” a in-
c easing dis ance om he IP; each s a ion p o ides econs uc ed hi s in se e al de ec ion
planes, which a e combined in o ack segmen s, o ming he basis o muon econs uc ion
in he muon sys em [11]. A mo e de ailed desc ip ion o he CMS de ec o , oge he wi h a
de ini ion o he coo dina e sys em used and he ele an kinema ic a iables, can be ound
in e . [12].
E en s o in e es a e selec ed using a wo- ie ed igge sys em. The i s le el (L1),
composed o cus om ha dwa e p ocesso s, uses in o ma ion om he calo ime e s and muon
de ec o s o selec e en s a a a e o app oxima ely 100kHz wi hin a ixed ime in e al
o less han 4µs [13]. The second le el, known as he high-le el igge (HLT), consis s o
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H
κ
¯µ
µ
¯
HD
ZD
ZD
Φ
¯µ
µ
¯
X
X
Figu e 1. Feynman diag ams o (le ) he HAHM model, showing he p oduc ion o long-li ed
da k pho ons ZD ia he Higgs po al, h ough H–HDmixing wi h he pa ame e κ, wi h subsequen
decays ia he ec o po al; and ( igh ) he hea y-scala model wi h Φboson decaying o a pai o
long-li ed bosons X. The symbols and ep esen , espec i ely, e mions and an i e mions ligh e
han hal he LLP mass.
a a m o p ocesso s unning a e sion o he ull e en econs uc ion so wa e op imized
o as p ocessing, and educes he e en a e o abou 1kHz be o e da a s o age [14].
3 Signal models, da a and simula ed samples
The sea ch is pe o med using pp collision da a collec ed a √s= 13 TeV in 2016 and 2018
co esponding o in eg a ed luminosi ies o 36.3±0.4and 61.3±1.5 b−1, espec i ely [15,
16]. The da a collec ed in 2017 a e no used because he igge s equi ed o he analysis
we e no included when hose da a we e eco ded.
As men ioned abo e, wo signal models wi h di e en inal-s a e opologies and e en
kinema ics a e used in he op imiza ion o e en selec ion c i e ia and in he in e p e a ion
o esul s. The i s belongs o a class o models ea u ing a “hidden” o “da k” sec o o
ma e ha does no in e ac di ec ly wi h SM pa icles, bu can mani es i sel h ough
mixing e ec s. This HAHM benchma k con ains an ex a da k U(1)Dgauge g oup whose
symme y is b oken by a new da k Higgs ield [5,17]. The spin-1 media o o he U(1)D
g oup, known as he da k pho on ZD, mixes kine ically wi h he hype cha ge SM gauge
boson (“ ec o po al”), whe eas he da k Higgs boson HDmixes wi h he SM Higgs boson
H(“Higgs po al”) and gi es mass m(ZD) o he da k pho on. I he e a e no hidden-sec o
s a es wi h masses smalle han m(ZD), he mixing h ough he ec o po al wi h he SM
pho on and Zboson causes he da k pho on o decay exclusi ely o SM pa icles, wi h a
sizable b anching ac ion o lep ons. Pai p oduc ion o he ZD ia he Higgs po al wi h
subsequen decays o da k pho ons ia he ec o po al is shown in igu e 1(le ).
The p esen sea ch p obes he egime o m(ZD)>10 GeV wi h small alues o he
Z–ZDkine ic mixing pa ame e [5]. In his egime, he da k pho on is long-li ed, since
i s mean p ope li e ime τ(ZD)is p opo ional o −2. In pa icula , he da k pho on wi h
10 GeV .m(ZD)< m(H)/2is expec ed o ha e mac oscopically la ge mean p ope decay
leng hs cτ(ZD)&O(100 µm) o  < O(10−6). The ZDp oduc ion a e is go e ned by he
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JHEP05(2023)228
b anching ac ion B(H →ZDZD), which does no depend on bu is p opo ional o he
squa e o κm2(H)/|m2(H) −m2(HD)|, whe e κis he H–HDmixing pa ame e . Since κ
and m(HD)a ec only he o e all da k pho on p oduc ion a e, sampling o m(ZD)and
is su icien o explo e di e en kinema ical and opological scena ios o he model. We
gene a ed a se o 24 HAHM samples wi h m(ZD)be ween 10 and 60GeV and be ween
10−6and 2×10−9. In his mass ange, he model’s p edic ion o B(ZD→µµ) a ies be-
ween 15.4% a m(ZD) = 10 GeV and 10.7% a m(ZD) = 60 GeV. The da k Higgs boson is
assumed o be hea y enough such ha H→HDHDdecays a e kinema ically o bidden. In
he sample gene a ion, we speci y m(HD) = 400 GeV and κ= 0.1. The p oduc ion o da k
pho ons is modeled a leading o de by MadG aph5_amc@nlo [18] e sion 2.4.2. The
gene a ion o he samples is done o he dominan gluon- usion p oduc ion mechanism.
The Higgs boson p oduc ion c oss sec ion is no malized o he mos ecen heo e ical p e-
dic ion o he sum o all p oduc ion modes o m(H) = 125 GeV, 55.7pb [19]. The decays
o he da k pho ons a e modeled by py hia 8.212 and 8.230 [20] in samples co esponding
o he 2016 and 2018 da a se s, espec i ely.
A he LHC, ano he way ha LLPs migh a ise is ia p oduc ion o media o s hea ie
han he Higgs boson ha decay in o LLPs. To explo e anges o kinema ic a iables
and e en opologies b oade han hose o e ed by HAHM, we also conside a simpli ied
benchma k model [6], p e iously used in Run 1 sea ches o displaced dimuons [7,8], in
which he LLP is an exo ic spin-0 boson X. The scala Xhas a non-ze o b anching ac ion
o dimuons and is pai p oduced in he decay o a new hea ie scala boson Φ, which is
p oduced in gluon-gluon usion: gg →Φ→XX,X→µ+µ−. The Feynman diag am o
his p ocess is shown in igu e 1( igh ).
The samples o Φ→XX a e gene a ed wi h py hia. Two se s o samples a e p o-
duced, depending on whe he one o bo h Xbosons a e o ced o decay o dimuons. Samples
in each se a e gene a ed wi h di e en combina ions o Φboson masses m(Φ)( anging
om 125GeV o 1TeV) and Xboson masses m(X) ( anging om 20 o 350 GeV). The
wid h o he Φboson is assumed o be small o he pu pose o simula ion, bu he analysis
has negligible dependence on his assump ion. Each sample is u he mo e p oduced wi h
h ee di e en mean p ope li e imes τ(X) o he Xbosons, co esponding o mean ans-
e se decay leng hs o app oxima ely 3, 30, and 250 cm. E en s gene a ed a he selec ed
alues o m(Φ),m(X), and τ(X) allow us o s udy wide anges o signal displacemen s,
kinema ical a iables, and e en opologies.
Since he op imiza ion o he e en selec ion c i e ia and he e alua ion o he esid-
ual backg ounds a e pe o med using da a, he simula ed backg ound samples a e used
p ima ily o gain a be e unde s anding o he na u e and composi ion o su i ing back-
g ound e en s. Simula ed backg ound samples used in he analysis include D ell–Yan (DY)
dilep on p oduc ion; , W, and W e en s; Wand Zboson pai p oduc ion (dibosons);
W+je s; and e en s comp ised o je s p oduced h ough he s ong in e ac ion ha a e
en iched in muons om semilep onic decays o had ons con aining bo cqua ks.
The 2016 simula ed signal and backg ound samples a e p oduced wi h ei he he
NNPDF2.3 (leading o de ) o NNPDF3.0 (nex - o-leading o de ) pa on dis ibu ion unc-
ions (PDFs) [21], using he CUETP8M1 [22] une o model he unde lying e en . All 2018
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JHEP05(2023)228
simula ed samples a e p oduced wi h he NNPDF3.1 PDFs [23] (nex - o-nex - o-leading
o de ), using he CP5 [24] une, which is op imized o he NNPDF3.1 PDFs. Simula ion
o he passage o pa icles h ough de ec o ma e ial is pe o med by Gean 4 [25]. Simu-
la ed minimum bias e en s a e supe imposed on a ha d in e ac ion in simula ed e en s o
desc ibe he e ec o addi ional inelas ic pp in e ac ions wi hin he same o neighbo ing
bunch c ossings, known as pileup; he samples a e weigh ed o ma ch he pileup dis ibu ion
obse ed in da a. All simula ed e en s a e hen econs uc ed wi h he same algo i hms as
used o da a.
4 Analysis s a egy and e en selec ion
An LLP p oduced in he ha d in e ac ion o he colliding p o ons may a el a signi ican
dis ance in he de ec o be o e decaying in o muons. While ajec o ies o he muons
p oduced well wi hin he silicon acke can be econs uc ed by bo h he acke and he
muon sys em, acks o muons p oduced in he ou e acke laye s o beyond can only be
econs uc ed by he muon sys em. Since he dimuon e ex esolu ion and he backg ound
composi ion di e d ama ically depending on whe he he muon is econs uc ed in he
acke , we classi y all econs uc ed dimuon e en s in o h ee mu ually exclusi e ca ego ies:
a) bo h muons a e econs uc ed using bo h he acke and he muon sys em (TMS-TMS
ca ego y); b) bo h muons a e econs uc ed using only he muon sys em, as “s andalone”
muons (STA-STA ca ego y); and c) one muon is econs uc ed only in he muon sys em,
whe eas he o he muon is econs uc ed using bo h he acke and he muon sys em (STA-
TMS ca ego y). These h ee ca ego ies o e en s a e analyzed sepa a ely, each bene i ing
om dedica ed e en selec ion c i e ia and backg ound e alua ion. The esul s in each
ca ego y a e s a is ically combined o p o ide he inal esul s.
The beamspo is iden i ied wi h he mean posi ion o he pp in e ac ion e ices. The
p ima y e ex (PV) is aken o be he e ex co esponding o he ha des sca e ing in
he e en , e alua ed using acking in o ma ion alone, as desc ibed in sec ion 9.4 o e . [26].
A pai o econs uc ed muon acks is i ed o a common e ex (CV), which is expec ed
o be displaced wi h espec o he PV. The ans e se decay leng h Lxy is de ined as he
dis ance be ween he PV and he CV in he plane ans e se o he beam di ec ion. The
ans e se impac pa ame e d0is de ined as he dis ance o closes app oach (DCA) o he
muon ack in he ans e se plane wi h espec o he PV.
E en s we e collec ed wi h dedica ed igge s aimed a eco ding dimuons p oduced
bo h wi hin and ou side o he acke . The e o e, hese igge s equi e wo muons econ-
s uc ed in he muon sys em alone, wi hou using any in o ma ion om he acke , and
do no impose he beamspo cons ain in he muon ack i a he HLT [27]. Each muon
is equi ed o be wi hin he egion |η|<2.0and o ha e ans e se momen um magni ude
pT>28(23) GeV in 2016 (2018) da a aking. To educe he igge a e caused by had on
punch- h ough and poo ly measu ed muons, each muon ack is equi ed o be composed
o segmen s ound in wo o mo e muon s a ions. To educe he con ibu ion o he igge
a e om cosmic ay muons and low-mass dimuon esonances, he igge used o collec
2016 da a also equi ed ha he 3D angle be ween he muons be less han 2.5 ad, and
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JHEP05(2023)228
0 20 40 60 80 100
[cm]
0
d
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
E iciency
Cosmic ay muon da a
h esholds
L1
T
> 33 GeV, 2016 p
STA
T
pCMS
> 4 GeV)
L1
T
Da a (p > 4 GeV)
L1
T
XX (p→
φ
> 11 GeV)
L1
T
Da a (p > 11 GeV)
L1
T
XX (p→
φ
0 20 40 60 80 100
[cm]
0
d
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
E iciency
Cosmic ay muon da a
h esholds
L1
T
> 28 GeV, 2018 p
STA
T
pCMS
> 7 GeV)
L1
T
Da a (p > 7 GeV)
L1
T
XX (p→
φ
> 15 GeV)
L1
T
Da a (p > 15 GeV)
L1
T
XX (p→
φ
Figu e 2. L1 muon igge e iciency in cosmic ay muon da a (blue) and signal simula ion ( ed)
as a unc ion o d0, o he L1 igge pT h esholds used in (le ) 2016 and ( igh ) 2018. The
denomina o in he e iciency calcula ions is he numbe o STA muons wi h |η|<1.2and pT>33
(28)GeV in 2016 (2018).
ha he in a ian mass o he wo muons be la ge han 10GeV. The op imiza ion o he
online selec ion p io o he 2018 da a aking made i possible o emo e hese wo equi e-
men s om he 2018 igge , hus p o iding addi ional alida ion egions o backg ound
e alua ion and inc easing he signal e iciency. The e iciency o igge ing on signal e en s
in 2018 was u he imp o ed by complemen ing he abo e igge wi h one e y simila
o i , bu using a modi ied e sion o he ini ial “seeding” s age o he muon ajec o y
building a he HLT. The seed gene a o used in he new igge was speci ically designed
o muons no poin ing o he beamspo and helped o inc ease he econs uc ion e iciency
o displaced muons.
The high-le el igge s used in he analysis we e seeded by L1 dimuon igge s ha
equi ed he pTo he muons o be abo e ce ain h esholds. The alues o he h esholds
we e a ied du ing he da a aking, depending on he ins an aneous luminosi y, om 11
and 4GeV ( o he leading and subleading L1 muons, espec i ely) du ing mos o 2016, o
15 and 7GeV a he end o Run 2. A L1, he pTassignmen o muons was made unde he
assump ion ha he muons o igina ed a he beamspo . As a esul , he pTo he displaced
muons no poin ing o he beamspo we e unde es ima ed and could all below he L1
igge h esholds. The ensuing signal e iciency loss was la ge when highe L1 igge pT
h esholds we e used. Since his e ec is decoupled om he collision en i onmen (e.g.,
ins an aneous luminosi y), i can be s udied using cosmic ay muons eco ded wi h e y
loose igge s du ing pe iods wi h no beam. Figu e 2shows ha he dec ease in he L1
muon igge e iciency as a unc ion o he impac pa ame e d0 o a ious L1 igge pT
h esholds used in 2016 (le ) and 2018 ( igh ) is well ep oduced by he signal simula ion
in he ba el.
As no ed in sec ion 1, no single muon econs uc o p o ides op imal pe o mance
o e he wide ange o displacemen s o seconda y e ices conside ed in he analysis.
Muons p oduced nea he IP can be accu a ely econs uc ed by using commonly used
algo i hms de eloped o p omp muons and combining measu emen s in he acke and
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JHEP05(2023)228
he muon sys em. Among hem a e he global muon and acke muon econs uc ion
algo i hms [11,28]. The i s algo i hm builds “global muons” by using hi s in he acke
and segmen s in he muon sys em in a common ack i . The second cons uc s “ acke
muons” by p opaga ing acks in he inne acke o he muon sys em and equi ing loose
geome ical ma ching o DT o CSC segmen s. The e iciency o hese algo i hms, howe e ,
apidly dec eases as he dis ance be ween he IP and muon o igin inc eases, d opping o
ze o o muons p oduced in he ou e acke laye s and beyond. On he o he hand, such
muons can s ill be e icien ly econs uc ed by algo i hms ha use only in o ma ion om
he muon sys em. These STA algo i hms [11,28] can econs uc muons wi h displacemen s
o up o a ew me e s, bu hey ha e poo e spa ial and momen um esolu ion han muons
econs uc ed using mo e p ecise in o ma ion om he silicon acke .
To bene i om he ad an ages o e ed by bo h ypes o algo i hms and o ollow wha
was done in he igge , we begin he muon selec ion wi h he mos e icien s andalone
muons and eplace hem wi h mo e accu a ely econs uc ed global and acke muons
whene e such muons a e ound. We use muons econs uc ed by an STA algo i hm wi h
he beamspo cons ain s emo ed om all s ages o he muon econs uc ion p ocedu e,
which yields he highes e iciency and he bes esolu ion o displaced muons, ou o all
a ailable STA algo i hms. The e en selec ion s a s wi h he equi emen ha he e en is
selec ed by he igge s desc ibed abo e and has a leas wo STA muons, each con aining
mo e han 12 alid CSC o DT hi s. The equi emen o he minimal numbe o hi s
supp esses backg ounds om had on punch- h ough and o he sou ces, and ensu es ha
he STA muons ha e accep able pT esolu ion and cha ge assignmen . The STA muons ha
sa is y his basic quali y equi emen o m he ini ial lis o he muon candida es e ained
o he analysis.
Nex , we ejec e en s in which no HLT muon pai ha igge ed he e en ma ches
wo STA muons in he lis . This equi emen supp esses e en s ha igge ed on muons
no ela ed o he signal and acili a es applica ion o igge e iciency measu emen s in
he analysis. We hen a emp o ma ch each STA muon in he lis wi h a TMS muon, i.e.,
a global o a acke muon. The STA and TMS muons a e conside ed o be ma ched i hey
sha e a leas wo hi ds o hei segmen s o i ∆RSTA−TMS <0.1, whe e ∆RSTA−TMS =
p(ηhi −ηpca)2+ (φhi −φpca)2is he sepa a ion be ween ηhi (φhi ) o he posi ion o he
inne mos hi o he STA muon and ηpca (φpca) o he poin o closes app oach o he TMS
muon o his hi . I an associa ed TMS muon is ound, i eplaces he co esponding STA
muon in he lis o he muon candida es used o u he analysis; o he wise, he o iginal
STA muon is kep . The ma ching p ocedu e was op imized using e en s in he simula ed
signal and backg ound samples as well as da a in he signal- ee con ol egions discussed
in sec ion 5. I elimina es mos o he pp collision backg ound o LLP decays ou side o
he acke and g ea ly inc eases sensi i i y o LLP decays in he acke , hanks o a a
supe io esolu ion o TMS muons compa ed o ha o STA muons.
The impac o he STA- o-TMS muon associa ion p ocedu e on he e en selec ion
is u he illus a ed in igu e 3, which shows he ac ion o simula ed Φ→XX →
µµ+any hing signal e en s wi h ze o, one, and wo STA muons ma ched o TMS muons
– 7 –
JHEP05(2023)228
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
[cm]
ue
xy
L
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
F ac ion o dimuons by ca ego y
+any hingµµ→XX→
φ
CMS Simula ion
(13 TeV)
TMS-TMS
STA-TMS
STA-STA
Figu e 3. F ac ions o signal e en s wi h ze o (g een), one (blue), and wo ( ed) STA muons
ma ched o TMS muons by he STA- o-TMS muon associa ion p ocedu e, as a unc ion o ue Lxy,
in all simula ed Φ→XX →µµ+any hing signal samples combined. The ac ions a e compu ed
ela i e o he numbe o signal e en s passing he igge and con aining wo STA muons wi h
mo e han 12 muon de ec o hi s and pT>10 GeV ma ched o gene a ed muons om X→µµ
decays.
as a unc ion o L ue
xy , de ined as he ans e se dis ance be ween he simula ed posi ions
o he ha d-in e ac ion and LLP decay e ices. While almos all dimuons p oduced close
o he IP ha e bo h STA muons ma ched o TMS muons, he ac ion o hese e en s
apidly dec eases wi h L ue
xy , e lec ing he dependence on L ue
xy o he acke econs uc-
ion e iciency. E en s wi h one STA muon ma ched o a TMS muon s a o domina e a
L ue
xy = 25 cm and emain he dominan componen up o ≈50 cm, whe e e en s wi h no
STA- o-TMS ma ches ake o e . When LLPs decay in he ou e acke laye s o beyond
he acke , all STA- o-TMS associa ions a e pu ely acciden al and occu o ewe han
5% o he simula ed signal muons. The e o e, he associa ion p ocedu e gi es ise o h ee
ca ego ies o dimuons, each domina ing in a ce ain L ue
xy ange: TMS-TMS a small L ue
xy ,
STA-TMS a in e media e L ue
xy , and STA-STA a la ge L ue
xy . The numbe o STA-STA
dimuons beyond he solenoid, a L ue
xy >3.2m, is low because o he low igge e iciency.
The STA and TMS muons a e hen subjec ed o addi ional selec ion c i e ia op imized
using simula ed signal and backg ound samples, and samples o dimuons mis econs uc ed
as displaced in he signal- ee egions in da a. The STA muons a e equi ed o ha e
pT>10 GeV and o sa is y he ollowing c i e ia:
• ela i e pTunce ain y σpT/pT<1.0, whe e σpTis he in e nal unce ain y om he
muon ack i ;
•χ2/do o he muon ack i less han 2.5;
•mo e han 18 DT hi s o muons econs uc ed only in he ba el;
– 8 –
JHEP05(2023)228
a e chosen by in e ing one o mo e selec ion c i e ia in o de o ob ain a egion popula ed
mos ly by a gi en ype o backg ound and con aining a negligible con ibu ion om he
signal p ocesses. The de ini ions o he con ol egions and he de ails o he backg ound
e alua ion p ocedu e di e o di e en dimuon ca ego ies and a e desc ibed in he es
o his sec ion. To a oid po en ial bias in he e en selec ion, he e en s passing he ull
selec ion (i.e., hose in he signal egion) we e “blinded” un il he las s eps o he analysis.
The con ibu ion om cosmic ay muons is e alua ed sepa a ely o each dimuon ca -
ego y om he numbe o dimuons sa is ying all selec ion c i e ia bu ailing he cos α e-
qui emen s. The e alua ion p ocedu e makes use o he e iciency o he cos α equi emen s
measu ed om a sample o cosmic ay muons collec ed du ing pe iods wi h no beam. In
all dimuon ca ego ies, he esidual backg ound a ising om cosmic ay muons is es ima ed
o be smalle han 0.1 e en s in all mass in e als combined.
5.1 Es ima ion o D ell–Yan and o he p omp backg ounds
In all h ee dimuon ca ego ies, he con ibu ion om p omp mis econs uc ed dimuons,
collec i ely e e ed o as DY-like e en s, is e alua ed om e en s in he signal- ee |∆Φ|-
symme ic con ol egion, |∆Φ|>3π/4:
Ni
DY(OS;|∆Φ|< π/4) = Ni
DY(OS;|∆Φ|>3π/4) Ri
DY ,(5.1)
whe e Ni
DY(OS;|∆Φ|< π/4) and Ni
DY(OS;|∆Φ|>3π/4) a e, espec i ely, he numbe s
o DY backg ound e en s in he signal and i s |∆Φ|-symme ic con ol egion; Ri
DY is he
ans e ac o accoun ing o he esidual asymme y in he popula ion o e en s in he
wo |∆Φ| egions and ob ained om auxilia y measu emen s; and he index ideno es he
dimuon ca ego y (STA-STA, STA-TMS, o TMS-TMS). The numbe o DY dimuons in
he |∆Φ|>3π/4 egion is aken o be he o al numbe o e en s in ha egion minus
he expec ed con ibu ion om o he ypes o backg ound e en s es ima ed as discussed in
sec ion 5.2.
The symme y o he |∆Φ|dis ibu ions in his class o backg ound e en s is s udied
using da a and simula ed e en s. In he STA-STA and STA-TMS ca ego ies, we use e en s
in he con ol egions ob ained by e e sing he STA- o-TMS associa ion. Speci ically, we
selec e en s ha consis o STA-STA o , al e na i ely, STA-TMS dimuons passing all se-
lec ion c i e ia, bu in which each o he cons i uen STA muons is associa ed wi h a TMS
muon. To ensu e ha such STA-STA and STA-TMS dimuons a e p omp ly p oduced (and
hus a e no signal), we equi e ha he associa ed TMS-TMS dimuons, which ha e a
a supe io spa ial esolu ion, a e p omp . This is achie ed by equi ing Lxy/σLxy <1.0
o he associa ed TMS-TMS dimuon in he STA-STA ca ego y, and d0/σd0<1.5 o he
TMS muon associa ed wi h he STA muon in he STA-TMS ca ego y. To minimize con-
amina ion om muons om je s, which we discuss sepa a ely in wha ollows, each TMS
muon in he associa ed TMS-TMS dimuon is equi ed o sa is y he isola ion equi emen
I el
k <0.05.
Since he TMS and STA muons a e p edominan ly econs uc ed om in o ma ion in
di e en de ec o s ( he acke and he muon sys em, espec i ely), a genuine p omp muon
– 15 –

JHEP05(2023)228
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
|Φ∆|
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
E en s / 0.063 uni s
STA-STA
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
61.3 b
Da a D ell-Yan
W W+
WW+WZ+ZZ S a . unc.
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
|Φ∆|
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
E en s / 0.063 uni s
STA-TMS
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
61.3 b
Da a D ell-Yan
W W+
WW+WZ+ZZ S a . unc.
Figu e 4. Dis ibu ions o |∆Φ| o (le ) STA-STA and ( igh ) STA-TMS dimuons in 2018 da a
(black do s) and simula ed backg ound p ocesses (s acked his og ams), o e en s in he con ol
egions wi h he STA- o-TMS associa ion o he STA muons e e sed, as desc ibed in he ex . All
nominal selec ion equi emen s, including dimuon Lxy/σLxy and TMS muon d0/σd0, a e applied
o he STA-STA and STA-TMS dimuons. The simula ed p ocesses a e scaled o co espond o
he in eg a ed luminosi y o he da a. The shaded a ea shows he s a is ical unce ain y in he
simula ed backg ound yield.
gi ing ise o a displaced STA muon is usually accu a ely econs uc ed as p omp by he
TMS muon econs uc ion. As a esul , he a o emen ioned con ol egions con ain genuine
p omp dimuons ha a e econs uc ed as displaced STA-STA o STA-TMS dimuons be-
cause o econs uc ion ailu es o e ex i anomalies in hese ca ego ies, i.e., exac ly he
ype o backg ound e en s ha we wish o s udy. The |∆Φ|dis ibu ions o STA-STA and
STA-TMS dimuons in hese con ol egions, in 2018 da a and simula ed backg ound sam-
ples, a e shown in igu e 4. (The dis ibu ions in 2016 da a a e e y simila .) The obse ed
dis ibu ions, sculp ed by he in e play be ween he geome ic e ec s and he igge and
o line selec ion equi emen s, a e well ep oduced by he simula ion. The dis ibu ions
a e s ill ai ly symme ic a ound π/2, bu he e is a small asymme y caused by he e en
selec ion c i e ia. Co ec ions accoun ing o his asymme y a e ob ained om he a io
o e en s wi h |∆Φ|< π/4and |∆Φ|>3π/4in he a o emen ioned con ol egions,
Ri
DY =N e ,i
DY (OS;|∆Φ|< π/4)
N e ,i
DY (OS;|∆Φ|>3π/4) .(5.2)
In bo h STA-STA and STA-TMS ca ego ies, no dependence o he ans e ac o Ri
DY
on mass is obse ed, and a single alue is used o all signal mass in e als. The esul ing
Ri
DY alues only weakly depend on he dimuon ca ego y and he da a- aking yea , and a e
in he ange o 0.8–0.9. The s a is ical unce ain ies o he measu emen s do no exceed
a ew pe cen . The sys ema ic unce ain ies in Ri
DY a e assessed by compa ing Ri
DY
measu ed in indi idual mass in e als wi h he esul o he inclusi e measu emen and by
a ying he bounda ies and de ini ions o he auxilia y con ol egions. The la e includes
epea ing he measu emen s o RSTA-STA
DY in he egion wi h only one STA- o-TMS muon
associa ion and o RSTA-TMS
DY in he egion ob ained by equi ing Lxy/σLxy <1.5 o he
– 16 –
JHEP05(2023)228
associa ed TMS-TMS dimuon. Based on hese s udies, we assign sys ema ic unce ain ies
o 15% in RSTA-STA
DY and 40% in RSTA-TMS
DY .
In he TMS-TMS dimuon ca ego y, he symme y o he |∆Φ|dis ibu ion in DY-
like backg ounds is assessed om e en s in he con ol egion ob ained by e e sal o he
equi emen on χ2
x. We obse e a s ong co ela ion be ween e ex χ2and DCA in
bo h da a and simula ed DY e en s, which sugges s ha χ2
x is e ec i ely a measu e o
he dis ance be ween he TMS muons o ming he dimuon. Fu he s udies o TMS-TMS
dimuons in DY e en s passing and ailing he χ2
x equi emen con i m ha hey di e
only in how a away he wo muons a e econs uc ed om each o he , and ha e e y
simila p ope ies o he wise.
We use e en s in he in e ed e ex χ2con ol egion o e alua e he ans e ac o
RTMS-TMS
DY ollowing eq. (5.2). The measu ed alue o RTMS-TMS
DY ag ees wi h uni y wi hin
he s a is ical unce ain ies in mos mµµ in e als and d0/σd0bins. Since no sys ema ic
ends a e obse ed, we use he alue o RTMS-TMS
DY = 1 a all masses and in all min(d0/σd0)
bins, and assign a 15% sys ema ic unce ain y o accoun o he la ges de ia ions o
RTMS-TMS
DY om uni y.
5.2 Es ima ion o nonp omp backg ounds
The backg ound e alua ion me hod desc ibed abo e is based on he symme y o he |∆Φ|
dis ibu ion and does no accoun o he con ibu ions om backg ound sou ces ha yield
dimuons exclusi ely o p edominan ly a small |∆Φ|. Such backg ound sou ces include:
dimuon decays o nonp omp low-mass esonances such as a J/ψmeson om bhad on de-
cay; cascade decays o bhad ons; and dimuons o med om a pai o un ela ed nonp omp
muons in he same je . I well econs uc ed, mos such backg ound e en s ha e mµµ no
exceeding a ew GeV and a e ejec ed by he mµµ >10 GeV equi emen . Howe e , a
small ac ion o hem wi h mismeasu ed mµµ can sa is y his equi emen and pass he
e en selec ion. Such dimuons mos ly ha e small |∆Φ| alues (because he pµµ
Tand Lxy
ec o s a e collinea ) and may ha e la ge, signal-like Lxy/σLxy and d0/σd0 alues. They
a e also likely o ha e in a ian masses close o he 10GeV h eshold. The o he sou ce o
nonp omp backg ound consis s o dimuons o med om muons embedded in di e en je s.
Since all hese nonp omp backg ound e en s a ise om je s p oduced h ough he s ong
in e ac ion, we collec i ely e e o hem as quan um ch omodynamics (QCD) e en s.
To gain insigh in o a con ibu ion om his class o backg ound e en s o he STA-
STA and STA-TMS ca ego ies, we s udy e en s in con ol egions simila o hose desc ibed
abo e, bu ailo ed o selec e en s wi h muons embedded in je s. Once again, we in e
he STA- o-TMS associa ion and selec STA-STA o , al e na i ely, STA-TMS dimuons
passing all selec ion c i e ia, excep ha a leas one o he cons i uen STA muons is
associa ed wi h a TMS muon. To supp ess |∆Φ|-symme ic backg ound e en s such as
DY as well as po en ial con ibu ions om signal p ocesses, we equi e each TMS muon
o be nonisola ed, de ined as I el
k >0.1in he STA-STA and I el
k >0.125 in he STA-
TMS ca ego y. Acco ding o he simula ion, his equi emen selec s a subse o e en s
almos en i ely composed o QCD e en s. Figu e 5(le ) shows he |∆Φ|dis ibu ion o
OS STA-STA dimuons in 2018 da a in he samples hus ob ained. Unlike he DY e en s in
– 17 –
JHEP05(2023)228
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*|Φ∆|
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
E en s / 0.20 uni s
STA-STA
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
61.3 b
/2)π| < Φ∆| (|Φ∆ |≡*| Φ∆|
/2)π| > Φ∆| (|Φ∆ |− π ≡*| Φ∆|
1 10 2
10
[GeV]
TMS-TMS
µµ
m
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
E en s / GeV
STA-STA
> 10 GeV
STA-STA
µµ
m
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
61.3 b
Figu e 5. Dis ibu ions o (le ) |∆Φ∗|(de ined in he legend) o STA-STA dimuons and ( igh )
mµµ o TMS-TMS dimuons associa ed wi h STA-STA dimuons. Bo h dis ibu ions show STA-STA
dimuons in 2018 da a in he con ol egion en iched in QCD e en s, as desc ibed in he ex . (The
dis ibu ions in 2016 da a a e e y simila .) In he le plo , exac ly one STA muon is associa ed
wi h a TMS muon, while in he igh plo , bo h a e. All nominal selec ion equi emen s, including
mµµ >10 GeV and Lxy/σLxy >6, a e applied o he STA-STA dimuons.
igu e 4, which a e app oxima ely symme ic a ound π/2, he QCD e en s ha e a signal-
like peak a |∆Φ|= 0. Mos o hese e en s a e genuine low-mass dimuons ha a e
econs uc ed a highe mµµ because o poo pT esolu ion o STA muons, and hence pass
he mµµ >10 GeV equi emen . This is demons a ed by igu e 5( igh ), which shows
he dis ibu ion o well-measu ed mµµ o TMS-TMS dimuons associa ed wi h STA-STA
dimuons wi h mµµ >10 GeV.
Many o he backg ound p ocesses yielding small-|∆Φ|OS dimuons also gi e ise o
small-|∆Φ|SS dimuons, ei he because hese p ocesses a e cha ge symme ic o ia he
muon cha ge misassignmen . Thus, we e alua e he con ibu ion om he QCD backg ound
o he signal egion, Ni
QCD(OS;|∆Φ|< π/4), om he numbe o small-|∆Φ|SS dimuons,
Ni(SS;|∆Φ|< π/4):
Ni
QCD(OS;|∆Φ|< π/4) = Ni(SS;|∆Φ|< π/4) Ri
QCD .(5.3)
The ans e ac o Ri
QCD be ween he numbe s o QCD e en s in hese wo egions is
ob ained om he a io o OS o SS dimuons in he a o emen ioned con ol egion wi h he
STA- o-TMS associa ion e e sed and TMS muons no isola ed:
Ri
QCD =N e ,i
QCD(OS;|∆Φ|< π/4)
N e ,i
QCD(SS;|∆Φ|< π/4) .(5.4)
Because he cha ge misassignmen and he p obabili y o inding he STA- o-TMS associa-
ion we e ound o be an ico ela ed, he measu emen o Ri
QCD in he STA-STA ca ego y
is pe o med using dimuons wi h exac ly one o he cons i uen STA muons associa ed wi h
a TMS muon, p o iding e en s ha a e mo e ep esen a i e o hose in he signal egion.
Since he composi ion o he QCD backg ound a ies as a unc ion o mµµ , he e alua ion
– 18 –
JHEP05(2023)228
o Ri
QCD is pe o med sepa a ely in he indi idual mass in e als, wi h he excep ion o
he STA-STA ca ego y, whe e a common alue is used o mµµ >35 GeV o a oid la ge
s a is ical luc ua ions o RSTA-STA
QCD . The measu ed alues o Ri
QCD in hese wo ca ego ies
a y be ween 1.1 and 2.3 depending on he mass in e al and yea , wi h s a is ical unce -
ain ies in he ange o 10–30% in he STA-STA and 2–20% in he STA-TMS ca ego y. The
sys ema ic unce ain ies in RSTA-STA
QCD a e assessed by e alua ing he po en ial impac on
RSTA-STA
QCD o he co ela ion be ween he success a e o he STA- o-TMS associa ion and
STA muon cha ge misassignmen . The sys ema ic unce ain ies in RSTA-TMS
QCD a e e alua ed
by a ying he de ini ions o he auxilia y con ol egions, e.g., pe o ming he measu e-
men o RSTA-TMS
QCD in he egion ob ained by in e ing he isola ion equi emen applied o
he TMS muon. Based on hese s udies, we assign a sys ema ic unce ain y in he ange
o 10–30% in RSTA-STA
QCD , depending on he mass in e al and he yea , and a ixed 30%
sys ema ic unce ain y in RSTA-TMS
QCD .
A p io i, we do no expec a la ge con ibu ion om |∆Φ|-asymme ic low-mass
dimuons in he TMS-TMS ca ego y, because o a a supe io dimuon in a ian mass eso-
lu ion. Indeed, he s udy o simula ed QCD e en s shows ha a as majo i y o bo h OS
and SS TMS-TMS dimuons passing all selec ion c i e ia a ise om a pai o un ela ed non-
p omp muons in wo di e en je s. Such e en s do no con ain genuine displaced dimuons
and a e expec ed o ha e a symme ic |∆Φ|dis ibu ion. Ne e heless, since some con i-
bu ion om |∆Φ|-asymme ic dimuons may s ill be p esen in he backg ound e en s in
da a, we p e e no o ely on he |∆Φ|symme y in he e alua ion o nonp omp back-
g ounds. Ins ead, simila ly o he STA-STA and STA-TMS ca ego ies, we use he ac ha
dije and mul ije e en s gi e ise o bo h OS and SS dimuons, and base ou es ima e o
he QCD backg ound on he numbe o SS dimuons ollowing eq. (5.3).
The ans e ac o RTMS-TMS
QCD is ob ained om he a io o OS o SS dimuons in he
con ol egion wi h he muon isola ion equi emen e e sed, which comp ises dimuons
passing he nominal e en selec ion bu wi h a leas one muon wi h I el
k >0.075 and bo h
wi h I el
k <0.5. We ha e e i ied ha hese e en s, as well as SS dimuons passing isola ion
equi emen s, con ain negligible con ibu ions om signal and DY e en s. As he signal
egion is di ided in o se e al min(d0/σd0) bins, he e alua ion o RTMS-TMS
QCD is pe o med
sepa a ely in each min(d0/σd0) bin. Since no dependence o he alue o RTMS-TMS
QCD on
mµµ is obse ed, RTMS-TMS
QCD in each min(d0/σd0) bin is calcula ed by in eg a ing e en s
in he en i e in a ian mass spec um. The measu ed alues o RTMS-TMS
QCD dec ease om
≈2 o ≈1as min(d0/σd0) inc eases, wi h s a is ical unce ain ies in he ange o 5–20%.
A sys ema ic unce ain y o 15% is assigned o accoun o a ia ions o RTMS-TMS
QCD as a
unc ion o he in a ian mass and as he esul o changing he de ini ion and bounda ies
o he auxilia y con ol egion.
To a oid o e es ima ing he DY backg ound, he same QCD backg ound e alua ion
me hod is applied o dimuons in he |∆Φ|>3π/4con ol egion. The ob ained es i-
ma e o he QCD backg ound is hen sub ac ed om he o al obse ed numbe o OS
dimuons wi h |∆Φ|>3π/4 o ob ain he numbe o DY dimuons in his |∆Φ| egion,
Ni
DY(OS;|∆Φ|>3π/4), used o he e alua ion o he DY backg ounds in he signal
– 19 –
JHEP05(2023)228
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
xy
L
σ/
xy
L
0
1
2
3
4
Obs. / p ed.
σ/L
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
E en s / 1 uni
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
36.3 b
Obse ed
D ell-Yan (p edic ed)
QCD (p edic ed)
S a . unce ain y
STA-STA
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
xy
L
σ/
xy
L
0
1
2
3
4
Obs. / p ed.
σ/L
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
E en s / 1 uni
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
61.3 b
Obse ed
D ell-Yan (p edic ed)
QCD (p edic ed)
S a . unce ain y
STA-STA
Figu e 6. Dis ibu ions o Lxy/σLxy o STA-STA dimuons in he Lxy/σLxy <6VR, in (le ) 2016
and ( igh ) 2018 da a, compa ed o he backg ound p edic ions. The obse ed dis ibu ions (black
poin s wi h e o ba s) a e o e layed on s acked his og ams con aining he expec ed numbe s o
DY (g een) and QCD (yellow) backg ound e en s. The lowe panels show he a io o he obse ed
o p edic ed numbe s o e en s. The shaded a ea shows he s a is ical unce ain y in he o al
backg ound p edic ion; he admix u e o he QCD backg ound in his alida ion egion is es ima ed
sepa a ely and has a la ge s a is ical unce ain y han he o al backg ound.
|∆Φ|< π/4 egion acco ding o eq. (5.1). This p ocedu e is no applied in he STA-STA
ca ego y, whe e he |∆Φ|-symme ic QCD backg ound is negligible. The sum o he QCD
and DY backg ound es ima es cons i u e he o al p edic ed backg ound in he signal e-
gion. Acco ding o he backg ound e alua ion me hod, he DY backg ounds a e expec ed
o domina e a small d0/σd0and Lxy/σLxy alues, whe eas he ela i e QCD con ibu-
ion becomes la ge as d0/σd0and Lxy/σLxy inc ease. The unce ain y in he backg ound
p edic ions is domina ed by he s a is ical unce ain y in he numbe s o e en s in he
|∆Φ|>3π/4and SS con ol egions.
5.3 Valida ion o backg ound p edic ions
The backg ound e alua ion me hod desc ibed in sec ions 5.1 and 5.2 is es ed in se e al
alida ion egions (VRs) ha a e expec ed o con ain negligible con ibu ion om signal.
The e alua ion o DY backg ounds is examined in he VRs ob ained by in e ing he
Lxy/σLxy and d0/σd0 equi emen s and he eby en iched in his class o e en s. One example
o such s udies is shown in igu e 6, which compa es he backg ound p edic ions o he
obse ed dis ibu ions in he Lxy/σLxy <6VR in he STA-STA ca ego y. The yields in
da a a e consis en wi h p edic ions o he me hod, which also co ec ly p edic s a la ge
STA-STA backg ound in 2016 compa ed o 2018 due o a lowe acking e iciency in a pa
o 2016 da a [34].
In ano he check, we apply he backg ound e alua ion p ocedu e o he TMS-TMS
dimuons in he 2<min(d0/σd0)<6sideband. The compa ison o he p edic ed back-
g ound and da a in bins o Lxy/σLxy is shown in igu e 7. The expec ed and obse ed
numbe s o e en s a e in ag eemen in he en i e p obed Lxy/σLxy ange. The e a e mo e
backg ound e en s in 2018 da a han in 2016 da a because o loose igge equi emen s
and la ge in eg a ed luminosi y.
– 20 –

JHEP05(2023)228
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
xy
L
σ/
xy
L
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Obs. / p ed.
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
E en s / 2 uni s
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
36.3 b
Obse ed
D ell-Yan (p edic ed)
QCD (p edic ed)
S a . unce ain y
TMS-TMS
) < 6
0
d
σ/
0
2 < min(d
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
xy
L
σ/
xy
L
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Obs. / p ed.
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
E en s / 2 uni s
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
61.3 b
Obse ed
D ell-Yan (p edic ed)
QCD (p edic ed)
S a . unce ain y
TMS-TMS
) < 6
0
d
σ/
0
2 < min(d
Figu e 7. Dis ibu ions o Lxy/σLxy o TMS-TMS dimuons in he 2<min(d0/σd0)<6VR, in (le )
2016 and ( igh ) 2018 da a, compa ed o he backg ound p edic ions. The obse ed dis ibu ions
(black poin s wi h e o ba s) a e o e layed on s acked his og ams con aining he expec ed numbe s
o DY (g een) and QCD (yellow) backg ound e en s. The las bin includes e en s in he o e low.
The lowe panels show he a io o he obse ed o p edic ed numbe s o e en s. The shaded a ea
shows he s a is ical unce ain y in he backg ound p edic ion.
The e alua ion o he |∆Φ|-asymme ic componen o QCD backg ounds, which is
pa icula ly impo an in he STA-STA ca ego y, is es ed in he low-mass (6< mµµ <
10 GeV) VR, as well as in he egion ob ained by in e ing he equi emen on he minimum
numbe o DT hi s and muon segmen s applied o dimuons wi h |∆ηµµ |<0.1, e e ed
o as he small-|∆ηµµ |VR. Using dimuons wi h STA muons associa ed wi h TMS muons
and aking well-measu ed mµµ and |∆Φ| alues o co esponding TMS-TMS dimuons as
p oxies o ue alues o hese quan i ies, we ha e e i ied ha he samples o e en s in
hese VRs p edominan ly consis o small-|∆Φ|dimuons wi h mismeasu ed mµµ . Figu e 8
shows he compa ison o he p edic ed backg ound yields and da a in hese wo VRs. The
low-mass VR is only a ailable in 2018 da a because he igge used o collec 2016 da a o
his analysis included he mµµ >10 GeV equi emen . The small-|∆ηµµ |VR is a ailable
in bo h da a se s, bu since he numbe o e en s in his VR in 2016 da a is small, an
addi ional es is pe o med on a subse o 2018 da a collec ed using he 2016 igge ,
and he e o e en iched in e en s simila o hose eco ded in 2016. The mµµ in e als o
10–32, 15–60, and 20–80 GeV shown o he small-|∆ηµµ|VRs a e he in e als chosen o
p obe LLP masses o 20, 30, and 50 GeV, espec i ely. The yields in da a a e ound o be
consis en wi h backg ound p edic ions in all es s and mµµ in e als.
Finally, o ensu e he alidi y o he me hod a di e en alues o he main disc imi-
na ing a iable in he TMS-TMS and STA-TMS ca ego ies, he alida ion checks a e pe -
o med in bins o d0/σd0o he TMS muon. Such checks include compa isons in he d0/σd0
sideband (d0/σd0<6) in he signal |∆Φ| egion, as well as hose in he en i e d0/σd0 ange
in he |∆Φ|sideband, π/4<|∆Φ|< π/2. In he la e , he egion wi h π/4<|∆Φ|< π/2
is used as a signal- ee p oxy o he |∆Φ|< π/4signal egion. The backg ound e al-
ua ion p ocedu e is applied o he OS and SS dimuons in he |∆Φ|-symme ic egion,
π/2<|∆Φ|<3π/4, as well as SS dimuons wi h π/4<|∆Φ|< π/2. The compa isons
– 21 –
JHEP05(2023)228
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
E en s / bin
STA-STA
[GeV]
µµ
m
[6, 10] [10, 32] [15, 60] [20, 80] [10, 32] [15, 60] [20, 80] [10, 32] [15, 60] [20, 80]
2018 2018 2018 (2016 HLT) 2016
µµ
low-m |
µµ
η∆small-| |
µµ
η∆small-| |
µµ
η∆small-|
CMS (13 TeV)
-1
97.6 b
Obse ed
QCD (p edic ed)
S a . unce ain y
Figu e 8. Compa ison o obse ed (black poin s wi h e o ba s) and p edic ed (his og ams) yields
o STA-STA dimuons in he alida ion egions en iched in QCD backg ound e en s. The i s bin
shows he yields in he low-mass VR in 2018 da a. The o he h ee g oups o bins, sepa a ed by
solid lines, show he yields in he small-|∆ηµµ |VR, in ( om le o igh ) he en i e 2018 da a se , a
subse o 2018 da a en iched in e en s collec ed in 2016, and he 2016 da a se . Each o hese h ee
VRs is u he subdi ided in o h ee mµµ in e als, 10–32, 15–60, and 20–80 GeV. The expec ed
numbe o backg ound e en s is compu ed acco ding o eqs. (5.3) and (5.4), sepa a ely in each mµµ
bin. The shaded a ea shows he s a is ical unce ain y in he backg ound p edic ion.
o he p edic ed backg ound and 2018 da a in he TMS-TMS and STA-TMS ca ego ies in
his VR a e shown in igu e 9. The obse ed and expec ed numbe s o e en s a e consis en
wi hin s a is ical unce ain ies.
6 Sys ema ic unce ain ies a ec ing he signal
Mos o he sys ema ic unce ain ies a ec ing he signal e iciencies a e e alua ed sepa a ely
in each dimuon ca ego y and o each da a- aking yea . Unless s a ed o he wise, we conside
sou ces o unce ain ies o be unco ela ed among di e en dimuon ca ego ies and yea s.
In he STA-STA and STA-TMS ca ego ies, he dominan sys ema ic unce ain ies come
om he STA muon iden i ica ion and igge e iciencies. A small displacemen s, bo h
e iciencies a e accu a ely measu ed as a unc ion o muon pTand ηby applying he “ ag-
and-p obe me hod” [28] o muons om J/ψmeson and Zboson decays. The di e ences in
he iden i ica ion and igge e iciencies be ween da a and simula ion a e used o co ec
he signal simula ion yields. In he STA-STA ca ego y, hese co ec ions ange om 0.78
o 1.13, depending on he signal sample. The e olu ion o e iciencies wi h displacemen is
s udied using a sample o cosmic ay muons collec ed du ing pe iods wi h no beam, and
addi ional d0-dependen co ec ions and sys ema ic unce ain ies a e de i ed. A d0= 10
– 22 –
JHEP05(2023)228
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
)
0
d
σ/
0
min(d
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Obs. / p ed.
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
E en s / 2 uni s
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
61.3 b
Obse ed
D ell-Yan (p edic ed)
QCD (p edic ed)
S a . unce ain y
TMS-TMS
/2π| < Φ∆/4 < |π
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
d
σ/
0
d
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Obs. / p ed.
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
E en s / 2 uni s
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
61.3 b
Obse ed
D ell-Yan (p edic ed)
QCD (p edic ed)
S a . unce ain y
STA-TMS
/2π| < Φ∆/4 < |π
Figu e 9. Dis ibu ions in he π/4<|∆Φ|< π/2VR in 2018 da a: (le ) he smalle o he
wo d0/σd0 alues o he TMS-TMS dimuon; ( igh ) d0/σd0o he TMS muon in he STA-TMS
dimuon. The obse ed dis ibu ions (black poin s wi h e o ba s) a e compa ed o he esul s o he
backg ound p edic ion me hod applied o e en s wi h π/2<|∆Φ|<3π/4. The s acked his og ams
show he expec ed numbe s o DY (g een) and QCD (yellow) backg ound e en s. The las bin
includes e en s in he o e low. The lowe panels show he a ios o he obse ed o p edic ed
numbe s o e en s. The shaded a ea shows he s a is ical unce ain y in he backg ound p edic ion.
(100)cm, he co ec ion amoun s o 0.99 (0.96) pe muon, whe eas he unce ain y is on
he o de o 10 (35)%. Since he d0-dependen unce ain y is domina ed by he accu acy
o he L1 igge e iciency measu emen s, i is aken o be co ela ed among all dimuon
ca ego ies.
The dominan sys ema ic unce ain ies in he TMS-TMS ca ego y come om he d0
dependence o he L1 igge e iciency discussed abo e and he e iciency o econs uc
displaced muons in he acke . The e olu ion o he acking e iciency wi h d0is measu ed
using a sample o cosmic ay muons and compa ed o he acking e iciency p edic ed by
simula ion. Based on he esul s o he compa ison, we assign a 5% sys ema ic unce ain y
pe muon o muons wi h d0>1cm. The o e all e iciency co ec ions applied o he
simula ed signal yields ange om 0.74 o 1.08, depending on he signal sample, and a ise
mos ly om impe ec modeling o he HLT e iciencies a small displacemen s.
The emaining sys ema ic unce ain ies ela ed o he signal e iciency a e much
smalle . The impac o mismodeling o he muon pT esolu ion on he signal yield is
e alua ed by smea ing he muon pTin simula ed signal e en s acco ding o he measu e-
men s pe o med using cosmic ay muons and muons om Zboson decays. This leads o
a ia ions ha a e less han 2% a all signal masses excep o m(ZD) = 10 GeV. Co ec-
ions o up o 2% a e applied o he TMS muon e iciency o accoun o he di e ence
in e iciency o isola ion equi emen s measu ed using muons om Zboson decays, and
an addi ional sys ema ic unce ain y o 2% is assigned. A sys ema ic unce ain y anging
om 1 o 8%, depending on he signal sample, is assigned o accoun o mismodeling o
he DCA equi emen in he STA-STA ca ego y. The e iciency o he e ex χ2 equi e-
men as a unc ion o displacemen is s udied using cosmic ay muons and muons om Z
– 23 –
JHEP05(2023)228
boson decays in he STA-STA ca ego y, and muons om decays o nonp omp J/ψmesons
in he TMS-TMS ca ego y. The di e ences be ween da a and simula ion con ibu e an
unce ain y o 2% in each ca ego y. The e iciencies o se e al o he selec ion c i e ia, such
as equi emen s on he numbe o acke hi s ups eam o he e ex posi ion and he di -
e ence be ween he numbe o pixel hi s on wo TMS muons, a e ound o be well modeled
by simula ion, and no addi ional unce ain y is assigned.
The unce ain y in he in eg a ed luminosi y, pa ially co ela ed be ween he yea s,
is 1.2% in 2016 [15] and 2.5% in 2018 [16]. The unce ain y in he signal e iciency due o
pileup is 2%. Bo h unce ain ies a e co ela ed among dimuon ca ego ies.
7 Resul s
The p edic ed backg ound yields in he ep esen a i e mµµ in e als and he co esponding
numbe s o obse ed e en s a e shown in igu e 10 o he STA-STA ca ego y and igu e 11
o he STA-TMS ca ego y. Fo illus a ion, signals a he le el o he median expec ed
exclusion limi s a 95% con idence le el (CL) in he absence o signal a e also shown. As
expec ed, e en s obse ed in he STA-STA and STA-TMS ca ego ies a e p edominan ly a
low masses—14 ou o 18 STA-STA and 9 ou o 13 STA-TMS e en s ha e mµµ <20 GeV—
and ha e cha ac e is ics ypical o hose o QCD backg ound e en s. The numbe s o
obse ed e en s and he p edic ed backg ound and signal yields in he TMS-TMS ca ego y
a e shown in igu e 12 as unc ions o mµµ in each o he h ee min(d0/σd0) bins and in
igu e 13 as a unc ion o min(d0/σd0). The obse ed TMS-TMS e en s ha e a s eeply alling
min(d0/σd0)dis ibu ion and clus e a mµµ alues o a ew ens o GeV, which a e bo h
consis en wi h he cha ac e is ics o he expec ed backg ound. The numbe s o obse ed
e en s a e consis en wi h he p edic ed backg ound yields in all dimuon ca ego ies and
mµµ in e als, in bo h da a se s. No signi ican excess o e en s abo e he SM backg ound
is obse ed.
Fo each o he wo benchma k models, we compu e uppe limi s on he p oduc
o he signal p oduc ion c oss sec ion σand he b anching ac ion B o wo muons as
a unc ion o mass and mean p ope decay leng h. The limi ex ac ion is based on a
modi ied equen is app oach [35,36] and uses he CMS Combine package de eloped
o s a is ically combining he esul s o Higgs boson sea ches [37]. The me hod yielding
backg ound p edic ions in he signal egion is implemen ed using a mul ibin likelihood,
which is a p oduc o Poisson dis ibu ions co esponding o he signal egion and he
con ol egions. The sys ema ic unce ain ies a ec ing he signal yield a e inco po a ed
as nuisance pa ame e s using log-no mal dis ibu ions. The expec ed and obse ed uppe
limi s a e e alua ed h ough he use o simula ed pseudo-expe imen s. Fo each signal
model, he limi s a e i s compu ed sepa a ely in each dimuon ca ego y and o each da a-
aking yea . The indi idual likelihoods a e hen combined o ob ain he combined limi s.
The signal e iciencies a e ob ained om simula ion and u he co ec ed by he da a-
o-simula ion scale ac o s desc ibed in sec ion 6; hey a e compu ed sepa a ely o each
yea , signal model, dimuon ca ego y, and mass in e al. A eweigh ing p ocedu e is em-
ployed o calcula e an es ima ed numbe o signal e en s o li e imes o he han he li e-
– 24 –
JHEP05(2023)228
3−
10 2−
10 1−
10 1 10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
10 6
10
[cm]τc
5−
10
4−
10
3−
10
2−
10
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
) [pb]µµ→
D
(Z
Β
)
D
Z
D
Z→(Hσ
95% CL uppe limi s:
= 125 GeV
H
m
= 10 GeV
D
Z
m
) = 1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.01%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.001%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.144µµ→
D
(Z
Β
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
97.6 b
Combined obse ed
Combined expec ed (median)
Combined expec ed (68% quan ile)
Combined expec ed (95% quan ile)
STA-STA expec ed (median)
TMS-TMS expec ed (median)
STA-TMS expec ed (median)
3−
10 2−
10 1−
10 1 10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
10 6
10
[cm]τc
5−
10
4−
10
3−
10
2−
10
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
) [pb]µµ→
D
(Z
Β
)
D
Z
D
Z→(Hσ
95% CL uppe limi s:
= 125 GeV
H
m
= 20 GeV
D
Z
m
) = 1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.01%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.001%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.143µµ→
D
(Z
Β
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
97.6 b
Combined obse ed
Combined expec ed (median)
Combined expec ed (68% quan ile)
Combined expec ed (95% quan ile)
STA-STA expec ed (median)
TMS-TMS expec ed (median)
STA-TMS expec ed (median)
3−
10 2−
10 1−
10 1 10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
10 6
10
[cm]τc
5−
10
4−
10
3−
10
2−
10
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
) [pb]µµ→
D
(Z
Β
)
D
Z
D
Z→(Hσ
95% CL uppe limi s:
= 125 GeV
H
m
= 30 GeV
D
Z
m
) = 1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.01%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.001%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.140µµ→
D
(Z
Β
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
97.6 b
Combined obse ed
Combined expec ed (median)
Combined expec ed (68% quan ile)
Combined expec ed (95% quan ile)
STA-STA expec ed (median)
TMS-TMS expec ed (median)
STA-TMS expec ed (median)
3−
10 2−
10 1−
10 1 10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
10 6
10
[cm]τc
5−
10
4−
10
3−
10
2−
10
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
) [pb]µµ→
D
(Z
Β
)
D
Z
D
Z→(Hσ
95% CL uppe limi s:
= 125 GeV
H
m
= 40 GeV
D
Z
m
) = 1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.01%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.001%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.134µµ→
D
(Z
Β
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
97.6 b
Combined obse ed
Combined expec ed (median)
Combined expec ed (68% quan ile)
Combined expec ed (95% quan ile)
STA-STA expec ed (median)
TMS-TMS expec ed (median)
STA-TMS expec ed (median)
3−
10 2−
10 1−
10 1 10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
10 6
10
[cm]τc
5−
10
4−
10
3−
10
2−
10
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
) [pb]µµ→
D
(Z
Β
)
D
Z
D
Z→(Hσ
95% CL uppe limi s:
= 125 GeV
H
m
= 50 GeV
D
Z
m
) = 1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.01%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.001%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.122µµ→
D
(Z
Β
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
97.6 b
Combined obse ed
Combined expec ed (median)
Combined expec ed (68% quan ile)
Combined expec ed (95% quan ile)
STA-STA expec ed (median)
TMS-TMS expec ed (median)
STA-TMS expec ed (median)
3−
10 2−
10 1−
10 1 10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
10 6
10
[cm]τc
5−
10
4−
10
3−
10
2−
10
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
) [pb]µµ→
D
(Z
Β
)
D
Z
D
Z→(Hσ
95% CL uppe limi s:
= 125 GeV
H
m
= 60 GeV
D
Z
m
) = 1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.01%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.001%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.103µµ→
D
(Z
Β
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
97.6 b
Combined obse ed
Combined expec ed (median)
Combined expec ed (68% quan ile)
Combined expec ed (95% quan ile)
STA-STA expec ed (median)
TMS-TMS expec ed (median)
STA-TMS expec ed (median)
Figu e 18. The 95% CL uppe limi s on σ(H →ZDZD)B(ZD→µµ)as a unc ion o cτ(ZD)
in he HAHM model, o m(ZD) anging om 10 GeV (uppe le ) o 60GeV (lowe igh ). The
median expec ed limi s ob ained om he STA-STA, STA-TMS, and TMS-TMS dimuon ca ego ies
a e shown as dashed g een, blue, and ed cu es, espec i ely; he combined median expec ed limi s
a e shown as dashed black cu es; and he combined obse ed limi s a e shown as solid black cu es.
The g een and yellow bands co espond, espec i ely, o he 68 and 95% quan iles o he combined
expec ed limi s. The ho izon al lines in g ay co espond o he heo e ical p edic ions o alues o
B(H →ZDZD)indica ed nex o he lines.
– 31 –

JHEP05(2023)228
10 20 30 40 50 60
) [GeV]
D
m(Z
3−
10
2−
10
1−
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
[cm]τc
95% CL exclusion con ou s
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
97.6 b
) = 1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.05%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.01%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.005%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
10 20 30 40 50 60
) [GeV]
D
m(Z
10−
10
9−
10
8−
10
7−
10
6−
10
5−
10
4−
10
3−
10
ε
95% CL exclusion con ou s
CMS
(13 TeV)
-1
97.6 b
) = 1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.1%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.05%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.01%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
) = 0.005%
D
Z
D
Z→(H
Β
Figu e 19. Obse ed 95% CL exclusion con ou s in he HAHM model, in he (le ) (m(ZD),
cτ(ZD)) and ( igh ) (m(ZD),) planes. The con ou s co espond o se e al ep esen a i e alues o
B(H →ZDZD) anging om 0.005 o 1%.
8 Summa y
Da a collec ed by he CMS expe imen in p o on-p o on collisions a √s= 13 TeV in 2016
and 2018 and co esponding o an in eg a ed luminosi y o 97.6 b−1ha e been used o
conduc an inclusi e sea ch o long-li ed exo ic neu al pa icles (LLPs) decaying o a pai
o opposi ely cha ged muons. The sea ch is la gely model-independen and is sensi i e o a
b oad ange o LLP li e imes and masses. No signi ican excess o e en s abo e he s anda d
model backg ound is obse ed. The esul s a e in e p e ed as limi s on he pa ame e s o
he hidden Abelian Higgs model, in which he Higgs boson decays o a pai o long-li ed
da k pho ons ZD, and o a simpli ied model, in which LLPs a e p oduced in decays o an
exo ic hea y neu al scala boson. In he mass ange 20 < m(ZD)<60 GeV, a b anching
ac ion o he Higgs boson o da k pho ons o 1% is excluded a 95% con idence le el in
he ange o p ope decay leng h cτ(ZD) om a ew ens o µm o ≈100 m. The esul s o
his sea ch signi ican ly ex end he p e iously excluded ange o model pa ame e s. Fo he
hidden Abelian Higgs model wi h m(ZD)g ea e han 20GeV and less han hal he mass
o he Higgs boson, hey p o ide he bes limi s o da e on he b anching ac ion o he
Higgs boson o da k pho ons o cτ(ZD)( a ying wi h m(ZD)) be ween 0.03 and ≈0.5mm,
and abo e ≈0.5m. A exo ic scala boson masses la ge han he Higgs boson mass, ou
esul s ep esen he bes cu en cons ain s o all conside ed LLP masses and li e imes.
Acknowledgmen s
We cong a ula e ou colleagues in he CERN accele a o depa men s o he excellen
pe o mance o he LHC and hank he echnical and adminis a i e s a s a CERN and
a o he CMS ins i u es o hei con ibu ions o he success o he CMS e o . In ad-
di ion, we g a e ully acknowledge he compu ing cen es and pe sonnel o he Wo ldwide
LHC Compu ing G id and o he cen es o deli e ing so e ec i ely he compu ing in as-
uc u e essen ial o ou analyses. Finally, we acknowledge he endu ing suppo o he
– 32 –
JHEP05(2023)228
cons uc ion and ope a ion o he LHC, he CMS de ec o , and he suppo ing compu ing
in as uc u e p o ided by he ollowing unding agencies: BMBWF and FWF (Aus ia);
FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, and FAPESP (B azil);
MES and BNSF (Bulga ia); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); MINCIENCIAS
(Colombia); MSES and CSF (C oa ia); RIF (Cyp us); SENESCYT (Ecuado ); MoER,
ERC PUT and ERDF (Es onia); Academy o Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA
and CNRS/IN2P3 (F ance); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Ge many); GSRI (G eece); NK-
FIH (Hunga y); DAE and DST (India); IPM (I an); SFI (I eland); INFN (I aly); MSIP
and NRF (Republic o Ko ea); MES (La ia); LAS (Li huania); MOE and UM (Malaysia);
BUAP, CINVESTAV, CONACYT, LNS, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MOS (Mon ene-
g o); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakis an); MES and NSC (Poland); FCT (Po ugal);
J MESTD (Se bia); MCIN/AEI and PCTI (Spain); MOSTR (S i Lanka); Swiss Funding
Agencies (Swi ze land); MST (Taipei); MHESI and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and
TENMAK (Tu key); NASU (Uk aine); STFC (Uni ed Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).
Indi iduals ha e ecei ed suppo om he Ma ie-Cu ie p og amme and he Eu o-
pean Resea ch Council and Ho izon 2020 G an , con ac Nos. 675440, 724704, 752730,
758316, 765710, 824093, 884104, and COST Ac ion CA16108 (Eu opean Union); he Le en-
is Founda ion; he Al ed P. Sloan Founda ion; he Alexande on Humbold Founda ion;
he Belgian Fede al Science Policy O ice; he Fonds pou la Fo ma ion à la Reche che
dans l’Indus ie e dans l’Ag icul u e (FRIA-Belgium); he Agen schap oo Inno a ie
doo We enschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); he F.R.S.-FNRS and FWO (Belgium)
unde he “Excellence o Science — EOS" — be.h p ojec n. 30820817; he Beijing Mu-
nicipal Science & Technology Commission, No. Z191100007219010; he Minis y o Ed-
uca ion, You h and Spo s (MEYS) o he Czech Republic; he Hellenic Founda ion o
Resea ch and Inno a ion (HFRI), P ojec Numbe 2288 (G eece); he Deu sche Fo schungs-
gemeinscha (DFG), unde Ge many’s Excellence S a egy — EXC 2121 “Quan um Uni-
e se" — 390833306, and unde p ojec numbe 400140256 — GRK2497; he Hunga ian
Academy o Sciences, he New Na ional Excellence P og am — ÚNKP, he NKFIH e-
sea ch g an s K 124845, K 124850, K 128713, K 128786, K 129058, K 131991, K 133046, K
138136, K 143460, K 143477, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, and TKP2021-NKTA-64 (Hun-
ga y); he Council o Science and Indus ial Resea ch, India; he La ian Council o
Science; he Minis y o Educa ion and Science, p ojec no. 2022/WK/14, and he Na-
ional Science Cen e , con ac s Opus 2021/41/B/ST2/01369 and 2021/43/B/ST2/01552
(Poland); he Fundação pa a a Ciência e a Tecnologia, g an CEECIND/01334/2018
(Po ugal); he Na ional P io i ies Resea ch P og am by Qa a Na ional Resea ch Fund;
MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF “a way o making Eu ope", and he P og ama
Es a al de Fomen o de la In es igación Cien í ica y Técnica de Excelencia Ma ía de Maez u,
g an MDM-2017-0765 and P og ama Se e o Ochoa del P incipado de As u ias (Spain);
he Chulalongko n Academic in o I s 2nd Cen u y P ojec Ad ancemen P ojec , and he
Na ional Science, Resea ch and Inno a ion Fund ia he P og am Managemen Uni o Hu-
man Resou ces & Ins i u ional De elopmen , Resea ch and Inno a ion, g an B05F650021
(Thailand); he Ka li Founda ion; he N idia Co po a ion; he Supe Mic o Co po a ion;
he Welch Founda ion, con ac C-1845; and he Wes on Ha ens Founda ion (USA).
– 33 –
JHEP05(2023)228
Open Access. This a icle is dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons
A ibu ion License (CC-BY 4.0), which pe mi s any use, dis ibu ion and ep oduc ion in
any medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho (s) and sou ce a e c edi ed. SCOAP3suppo s
he goals o he In e na ional Yea o Basic Sciences o Sus ainable De elopmen .
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JHEP05(2023)228
The CMS collabo a ion
Ye e an Physics Ins i u e, Ye e an, A menia
A. Tumasyan1
Ins i u ü Hochene giephysik, Vienna, Aus ia
W. Adam , J.W. And ejko ic, T. Be gaue , S. Cha e jee , K. Damanakis ,
M. D agice ic , A. Escalan e Del Valle , P.S. Hussain , M. Jei le 2, N. K am-
me , S. Kulka ni3, L. Lechne , D. Liko , I. Mikulec , P. Pauli sch, F.M. Pi e s,
J. Schieck2, R. Schö beck , D. Schwa z , M. Sonawane , S. Templ , W. Wal-
enbe ge , C.-E. Wulz2
Uni e si ei An we pen, An we pen, Belgium
M.R. Da wish4, T. Janssen , T. Kello5, H. Rejeb S a , P. Van Mechelen
V ije Uni e si ei B ussel, B ussel, Belgium
E.S. Bols , J. D’Hond , A. De Moo , M. Delcou , H. El Faham , S. Lowe e ,
S. Moo ga , A. Mo on , D. Mülle , A.R. Sahas ansu , S. Ta e nie , W. Van Don-
inck, D. Vanne om
Uni e si é Lib e de B uxelles, B uxelles, Belgium
B. Cle baux , G. De Len decke , L. Fa a , J. Ja amillo , K. Lee , M. Mah-
da ikho ami , I. Maka enko , A. Mala a , S. Pa edes , L. Pé é , N. Pos iau,
E. S a ling , L. Thomas , M. Vanden Bemden, C. Vande Velde , P. Vanlae
Ghen Uni e si y, Ghen , Belgium
D. Dobu , J. Knolle , L. Lamb ech , G. Mes dach, M. Niedziela , C. Rendón,
C. Roskas , A. Samalan, K. Sko pen , M. Ty ga , N. Van Den Bossche , B. Ve -
massen, L. Wezenbeek
Uni e si é Ca holique de Lou ain, Lou ain-la-Neu e, Belgium
A. Benecke , A. Be hani , G. B uno , F. Bu y , C. Capu o , P. Da id , C. De-
lae e , I.S. Done as , A. Giammanco , K. Ja el , Sa. Jain , V. Lemai e, K. Mon-
dal , J. P iscianda o, A. Talie cio , T.T. T an , P. Vischia , S. We z
Cen o B asilei o de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janei o, B azil
G.A. Al es , E. Coelho , C. Hensel , A. Mo aes , P. Rebello Teles
Uni e sidade do Es ado do Rio de Janei o, Rio de Janei o, B azil
W.L. Aldá Júnio , M. Al es Gallo Pe ei a , M. Ba oso Fe ei a Filho , H. B an-
dao Malbouisson , W. Ca alho , J. Chinella o6, E.M. Da Cos a , G.G. Da Sil ei a7,
D. De Jesus Damiao , V. Dos San os Sousa , S. Fonseca De Souza , J. Ma ins8,
C. Mo a He e a , K. Mo a Ama ilo , L. Mundim , H. Nogima , A. San o o ,
S.M. Sil a Do Ama al , A. Sznajde , M. Thiel , F. To es Da Sil a De A aujo9,
A. Vilela Pe ei a
– 37 –
JHEP05(2023)228
Uni e sidade Es adual Paulis a, Uni e sidade Fede al do ABC, São Paulo,
B azil
C.A. Be na des7, L. Calliga is , T.R. Fe nandez Pe ez Tomei , E.M. G ego es ,
P.G. Me cadan e , S.F. No aes , Sand a S. Padula
Ins i u e o Nuclea Resea ch and Nuclea Ene gy, Bulga ian Academy o
Sciences, So ia, Bulga ia
A. Aleksand o , G. An che , R. Hadjiiska , P. Iaydjie , M. Mishe a , M. Rodozo ,
M. Shopo a , G. Sul ano
Uni e si y o So ia, So ia, Bulga ia
A. Dimi o , T. I ano , L. Li o , B. Pa lo , P. Pe ko , A. Pe o , E. Shumka
Beihang Uni e si y, Beijing, China
T. Cheng , T. Ja aid10, M. Mi al , L. Yuan
Depa men o Physics, Tsinghua Uni e si y, Beijing, China
M. Ahmad , G. Baue 11, Z. Hu , S. Lezki , K. Yi11,12
Ins i u e o High Ene gy Physics, Beijing, China
G.M. Chen10 , H.S. Chen10 , M. Chen10 , F. Iemmi , C.H. Jiang, A. Kapoo ,
H. Liao , Z.-A. Liu13 , V. Milose ic , F. Mon i , R. Sha ma , J. Tao , J. Thomas-
Wilske , J. Wang , H. Zhang , J. Zhao
S a e Key Labo a o y o Nuclea Physics and Technology, Peking Uni e si y,
Beijing, China
A. Agapi os , Y. An , Y. Ban , C. Chen, A. Le in , Q. Li , X. Lyu, Y. Mao,
S.J. Qian , X. Sun , D. Wang , J. Xiao , H. Yang
Sun Ya -Sen Uni e si y, Guangzhou, China
M. Lu , Z. You
Ins i u e o Mode n Physics and Key Labo a o y o Nuclea Physics and Ion-
beam Applica ion (MOE) - Fudan Uni e si y, Shanghai, China
X. Gao5, D. Legga , H. Okawa , Y. Zhang
Zhejiang Uni e si y, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Z. Lin , C. Lu , M. Xiao
Uni e sidad de Los Andes, Bogo a, Colombia
C. A ila , D.A. Ba bosa T ujillo, A. Cab e a , C. Flo ez , J. F aga
Uni e sidad de An ioquia, Medellin, Colombia
J. Mejia Guisao , F. Rami ez , M. Rod iguez , J.D. Ruiz Al a ez
Uni e si y o Spli , Facul y o Elec ical Enginee ing, Mechanical Enginee ing
and Na al A chi ec u e, Spli , C oa ia
D. Giljano ic , N. Godino ic , D. Lelas , I. Puljak
– 38 –
JHEP05(2023)228
Uni e si y o Spli , Facul y o Science, Spli , C oa ia
Z. An uno ic, M. Ko ac , T. Sculac
Ins i u e Rudje Bosko ic, Zag eb, C oa ia
V. B iglje ic , B.K. Chi oda , D. Fe encek , D. Majumde , M. Roguljic ,
A. S a odumo 14 , T. Susa
Uni e si y o Cyp us, Nicosia, Cyp us
A. A ikis , K. Ch is o o ou , G. Kole , M. Koloso a , S. Kons an inou , J. Mousa ,
C. Nicolaou, F. P ochos , P.A. Razis , H. Rykaczewski, H. Saka
Cha les Uni e si y, P ague, Czech Republic
M. Finge 14 , M. Finge J .14 , A. K e on
Escuela Poli ecnica Nacional, Qui o, Ecuado
E. Ayala
Uni e sidad San F ancisco de Qui o, Qui o, Ecuado
E. Ca e a Ja in
Academy o Scien i ic Resea ch and Technology o he A ab Republic o Egyp ,
Egyp ian Ne wo k o High Ene gy Physics, Cai o, Egyp
S. Elgammal15, A. Elli hi Kamel16
Cen e o High Ene gy Physics (CHEP-FU), Fayoum Uni e si y, El-Fayoum,
Egyp
M. Abdullah Al-Mashad , M.A. Mahmoud
Na ional Ins i u e o Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Es onia
S. Bhowmik , R.K. Dewanjee , K. Eha ah , M. Kadas ik, S. Nandan , C. Nielsen ,
J. Pa a , M. Raidal , L. Tani , C. Veelken
Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
P. Ee ola , H. Ki schenmann , K. Os e be g , M. Vou ilainen
Helsinki Ins i u e o Physics, Helsinki, Finland
S. Bha hua , E. B ücken , F. Ga cia , J. Ha ukainen , M.S. Kim , R. Kinnunen,
T. Lampén , K. Lassila-Pe ini , S. Leh i , T. Lindén , M. Lo i, L. Ma ikainen ,
M. Myllymäki , J. O , M.m. Ran anen , H. Siikonen , E. Tuominen , J. Tuo-
miniemi
Lappeen an a-Lah i Uni e si y o Technology, Lappeen an a, Finland
P. Luukka , H. Pe ow , T. Tuu a
IRFU, CEA, Uni e si é Pa is-Saclay, Gi -su -Y e e, F ance
C. Amendola , M. Besancon , F. Coude c , M. Deja din , D. Deneg i, J.L. Fau e,
F. Fe i , S. Ganjou , P. G as , G. Hamel de Monchenaul , P. Ja y , V. Lo-
hezic , J. Malcles , J. Rande , A. Rosowsky , M.Ö. Sahin , A. Sa oy-Na a o17 ,
P. Simkina , M. Ti o
– 39 –
JHEP05(2023)228
Labo a oi e Lep ince-Ringue , CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Poly echnique, Ins i u
Poly echnique de Pa is, Palaiseau, F ance
C. Baldeneg o Ba e a , F. Beaude e , A. Bucho Pe aguin , P. Busson , A. Cap-
pa i , C. Cha lo , O. Da ignon , B. Diab , G. Falmagne , B.A. Fon ana San-
os Al es , S. Ghosh , R. G anie de Cassagnac , A. Hakimi , B. Ha ik ishnan ,
J. Mo a , M. Nguyen , C. Ochando , L. Po ales , J. Rembse , R. Sale no ,
U. Sa ka , J.B. Sau an , Y. Si ois , A. Ta abini , E. Ve nazza , A. Zabi ,
A. Zghiche
Uni e si é de S asbou g, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, S asbou g, F ance
J.-L. Ag am18 , J. And ea, D. Appa u , D. Bloch , G. Bou ga e, J.-M. B om ,
E.C. Chabe , C. Colla d , D. Da ej, U. Goe lach , C. G imaul , A.-C. Le Bihan ,
E. Nibigi a , P. Van Ho e
Ins i u de Physique des 2 In inis de Lyon (IP2I ), Villeu banne, F ance
S. Beauce on , C. Be ne , G. Boudoul , C. Camen, A. Ca le, N. Chanon , J. Choi ,
D. Con a do , P. Depasse , C. Dozen19 , H. El Mamouni, J. Fay , S. Gascon ,
M. Gouze i ch , G. G enie , B. Ille , I.B. Lak ineh, M. Le huillie , L. Mi abi o,
S. Pe ies, K. Shchablo, V. So dini , L. To e o o , M. Vande Donck , P. Ve die ,
S. Vi e
Geo gian Technical Uni e si y, Tbilisi, Geo gia
D. Chokheli , I. Lomidze , Z. Tsamalaidze14
RWTH Aachen Uni e si y, I. Physikalisches Ins i u , Aachen, Ge many
V. Bo a , L. Feld , K. Klein , M. Lipinski , D. Meuse , A. Pauls , N. Röwe ,
M. Te oe de
RWTH Aachen Uni e si y, III. Physikalisches Ins i u A, Aachen, Ge many
S. Diekmann , A. Dodono a , N. Eich , D. Elisee , M. E dmann , P. Fackeldey ,
B. Fische , T. Hebbeke , K. Hoep ne , F. I one , M.y. Lee , L. Mas olo enzo,
M. Me schmeye , A. Meye , S. Mondal , S. Mukhe jee , D. Noll , A. No ak ,
F. Nowo ny, A. Pozdnyako , Y. Ra h, H. Rei hle , A. Schmid , S.C. Schule ,
A. Sha ma , L. Vigilan e, S. Wiedenbeck , S. Zaleski
RWTH Aachen Uni e si y, III. Physikalisches Ins i u B, Aachen, Ge many
C. Dziwok , G. Flügge , W. Haj Ahmad20 , O. Hlushchenko, T. K ess , A. Nowack ,
O. Poo h , A. S ahl21 , T. Ziemons , A. Zo z
Deu sches Elek onen-Synch o on, Hambu g, Ge many
H. Aa up Pe e sen, M. Aldaya Ma in , P. Asmuss, S. Bax e , M. Baya -
makou , O. Behnke, A. Be múdez Ma ínez , S. Bha acha ya , A.A. Bin An-
ua , F. Blekman22 , K. Bo as23 , D. B unne , A. Campbell , A. Ca dini ,
C. Cheng, F. Colombina, S. Consueg a Rod íguez , G. Co eia Sil a , M. De Sil a ,
L. Didukh , G. Ecke lin, D. Ecks ein, L.I. Es e ez Banos , O. Fila o , E. Gallo22 ,
A. Geise , A. Gi aldi , G. G eau, A. G ohsjean , V. Guglielmi , M. Gu ho ,
A. Ja a i24 , N.Z. Jomha i , B. Kaech , A. Kasem23 , M. Kasemann , H. Ka eh ,
– 40 –
JHEP05(2023)228
Labo a ó io de Ins umen ação e Física Expe imen al de Pa ículas, Lisboa,
Po ugal
M. A aujo , P. Ba gassa , D. Bas os , A. Bole i , P. Faccioli , M. Gallina o ,
J. Holla , N. Leona do , T. Niknejad , M. Pisano , J. Seixas , O. Toldaie ,
J. Va ela
VINCA Ins i u e o Nuclea Sciences, Uni e si y o Belg ade, Belg ade, Se bia
P. Adzic55 , M. Do de ic , P. Mileno ic , J. Milose ic
Cen o de In es igaciones Ene gé icas Medioambien ales y Tecnológicas
(CIEMAT), Mad id, Spain
M. Aguila -Beni ez, J. Alca az Maes e , A. Ál a ez Fe nández , M. Ba io Luna,
C is ina F. Bedoya , C.A. Ca illo Mon oya , M. Cepeda , M. Ce ada , N. Colino ,
B. De La C uz , A. Delgado Pe is , J.P. Fe nández Ramos , J. Flix , M.C. Fouz ,
O. Gonzalez Lopez , S. Goy Lopez , J.M. He nandez , M.I. Josa , J. León Holgado ,
D. Mo an , C. Pe ez Deng a , A. Pé ez-Cale o Yzquie do , J. Pue a Pelayo ,
I. Redondo , D.D. Redondo Fe e o , L. Rome o, S. Sánchez Na as , J. Sas e ,
L. U da Gómez , J. Vazquez Escoba , C. Willmo
Uni e sidad Au ónoma de Mad id, Mad id, Spain
J.F. de T ocóniz
Uni e sidad de O iedo, Ins i u o Uni e si a io de Ciencias y Tecnologías
Espaciales de As u ias (ICTEA), O iedo, Spain
B. Al a ez Gonzalez , J. Cue as , J. Fe nandez Menendez , S. Folgue as , I. Gonza-
lez Caballe o , J.R. González Fe nández , E. Palencia Co ezon , C. Ramón Ál a ez ,
V. Rod íguez Bouza , A. So o Rod íguez , A. T apo e , N. T e isani , C. Vico Vil-
lalba
Ins i u o de Física de Can ab ia (IFCA), CSIC-Uni e sidad de Can ab ia,
San ande , Spain
J.A. B oche o Ci uen es , I.J. Cab illo , A. Calde on , J. Dua e Campde os ,
M. Fe nandez , C. Fe nandez Mad azo , P.J. Fe nández Man eca , A. Ga cía Alonso,
G. Gomez , C. Lasaosa Ga cía , C. Ma inez Ri e o , P. Ma inez Ruiz del A bol ,
F. Ma o as , P. Ma o as Cue as , J. Pied a Gomez , C. P ieels, A. Ruiz-Jimeno ,
L. Scodella o , I. Vila , J.M. Vizan Ga cia
Uni e si y o Colombo, Colombo, S i Lanka
M.K. Jayananda , B. Kailasapa hy56 , D.U.J. Sonnada a , D.D.C. Wick ama a hna
Uni e si y o Ruhuna, Depa men o Physics, Ma a a, S i Lanka
W.G.D. Dha ma a na , K. Liyanage , N. Pe e a , N. Wick amage
CERN, Eu opean O ganiza ion o Nuclea Resea ch, Gene a, Swi ze land
D. Abbaneo , J. Alimena , E. Au ay , G. Auzinge , J. Baechle , P. Baillon†, D. Ba -
ney , J. Benda id , M. Bianco , B. Bilin , A. Bocci , E. B ondolin , C. Caillol ,
T. Campo esi , G. Ce mina a , N. Che nya skaya , S.S. Chhib a , S. Choudhu y,
– 47 –

JHEP05(2023)228
M. Cip iani , L. C is ella , D. d’En e ia , A. Dab owski , A. Da id , A. De Roeck ,
M.M. De anchis , M. Deile , M. Dobson , M. Dünse , N. Dupon , A. Ellio -
Peise , F. Falla olli a57, A. Flo en , L. Fo homme , G. F anzoni , W. Funk ,
S. Ghosh , S. Giani, D. Gigi, K. Gill, F. Glege , L. Gouskos , E. Go o ko a ,
M. Ha anko , J. Hegeman , V. Innocen e , T. James , P. Jano , J. Kaspa ,
J. Kiesele , M. Komm , N. K a ochwil , S. Lau ila , P. Lecoq , A. Lin uluo o ,
C. Lou enço , B. Maie , L. Malge i , M. Mannelli , A.C. Ma ini , F. Meije s ,
S. Me si , E. Meschi , F. Moo ga , M. Mulde s , S. O anelli, L. O sini, F. Pan a-
leo , E. Pe ez, M. Pe uzzi , A. Pe illi , G. Pe ucciani , A. P ei e , M. Pie ini ,
D. Pipa o , M. Pi , H. Qu , T. Quas , D. Rabady , A. Racz, G. Reales Gu ié ez,
M. Ro e e , H. Sakulin , J. Sal eld-Nebgen , S. Sca i, M. Sel aggi , A. Sha ma ,
P. Sil a , W. Snoeys , P. Sphicas58 , A.G. S ahl Lei on , S. Summe s , K. Ta a ,
V.R. Ta ola o , D. T eille , P. T opea , A. Tsi ou, J. Wanczyk59 , K.A. Wozniak ,
W.D. Zeune
Paul Sche e Ins i u , Villigen, Swi ze land
L. Caminada60 , A. Eb ahimi , W. E dmann , R. Ho isbe ge , Q. Ing am ,
H.C. Kaes li , D. Ko linski , C. Lange , M. Missi oli60 , L. Noeh e60 , T. Rohe
ETH Zu ich - Ins i u e o Pa icle Physics and As ophysics (IPA), Zu ich,
Swi ze land
T.K. Aa es ad , K. And oso 59 , M. Backhaus , P. Be ge , A. Caland i ,
A. De Cosa , G. Disse o i , M. Di ma , M. Donegà , F. Eble , M. Galli , K. Ge-
dia , F. Glessgen , T.A. Gómez Espinosa , C. G ab , D. Hi s , W. Lus e mann ,
A.-M. Lyon , R.A. Manzoni , L. Ma chese , C. Ma in Pe ez , A. Mascellani59 ,
M.T. Meinha d , F. Nessi-Tedaldi , J. Niedziela , F. Pauss , V. Pe o ic , S. Pigazz-
ini , M.G. Ra i , M. Reichmann , C. Reissel , T. Rei enspiess , B. Ris ic ,
D. Ruini, D.A. Sanz Bece a , J. S eggemann59 , D. Valsecchi21 , R. Wallny
Uni e si ä Zü ich, Zu ich, Swi ze land
C. Amsle 61 , P. Bä schi , C. Bo a , D. B zhechko, M.F. Canelli , K. Co mie ,
A. De Wi , R. Del Bu go, J.K. Heikkilä , M. Huwile , W. Jin , A. Jo e-
hei , B. Kilmins e , S. Leon sinis , S.P. Liech i , A. Macchiolo , P. Mei -
ing , V.M. Mikuni , U. Molina i , I. Neu elings , A. Reime s , P. Robmann,
S. Sanchez C uz , K. Schweige , M. Senge , Y. Takahashi
Na ional Cen al Uni e si y, Chung-Li, Taiwan
C. Adlo 62, C.M. Kuo, W. Lin, S.S. Yu
Na ional Taiwan Uni e si y (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
L. Cea d, Y. Chao , K.F. Chen , P.s. Chen, H. Cheng , W.-S. Hou , Y.y. Li , R.-
S. Lu , E. Paganis , A. Psallidas, A. S een , H.y. Wu, E. Yazgan , P. . Yu
Chulalongko n Uni e si y, Facul y o Science, Depa men o Physics, Bangkok,
Thailand
C. Asawa ang akuldee , N. S imanobhas
– 48 –
JHEP05(2023)228
Çuku o a Uni e si y, Physics Depa men , Science and A Facul y, Adana,
Tu key
D. Agyel , F. Bo an , Z.S. Demi oglu , F. Dolek , I. Dumanoglu63 , E. Es-
ku , Y. Gule 64 , E. Gu pina Gule 64 , C. Isik , O. Ka a, A. Kayis Topaksu ,
U. Kiminsu , G. Onengu , K. Ozdemi 65 , A. Pola oz , A.E. Simsek , B. Tali66 ,
U.G. Tok , S. Tu kcapa , E. Uslan , I.S. Zo baki
Middle Eas Technical Uni e si y, Physics Depa men , Anka a, Tu key
G. Ka apina , K. Ocalan67 , M. Yal ac68
Bogazici Uni e si y, Is anbul, Tu key
B. Akgun , I.O. A akisi , E. Gülmez , M. Kaya69 , O. Kaya70 , Ö. Özçelik ,
S. Tek en71
Is anbul Technical Uni e si y, Is anbul, Tu key
A. Caki , K. Cankocak63 , Y. Komu cu , S. Sen72
Is anbul Uni e si y, Is anbul, Tu key
O. Aydilek , S. Ce ci66 , B. Hacisahinoglu , I. Hos73 , B. Isildak74 , B. Kaynak ,
S. Ozko ucuklu , C. Simsek , D. Suna Ce ci66
Ins i u e o Scin illa ion Ma e ials o Na ional Academy o Science o Uk aine,
Kha ki , Uk aine
B. G ynyo
Na ional Science Cen e, Kha ki Ins i u e o Physics and Technology,
Kha ki , Uk aine
L. Le chuk
Uni e si y o B is ol, B is ol, Uni ed Kingdom
D. An hony , E. Bhal , J.J. B ooke , A. Bundock , E. Clemen , D. Cussans ,
H. Flache , M. Glowacki, J. Golds ein , G.P. Hea h, H.F. Hea h , L. K eczko ,
B. K ikle , S. Pa ames a an , S. Sei El Nas -S o ey, V.J. Smi h , N. S ylianou75 ,
K. Walkingshaw Pass, R. Whi e
Ru he o d Apple on Labo a o y, Didco , Uni ed Kingdom
A.H. Ball, K.W. Bell , A. Belyae 76 , C. B ew , R.M. B own , D.J.A. Cocke ill ,
C. Cooke , K.V. Ellis, K. Ha de , S. Ha pe , M.-L. Holmbe g77 , J. Linac e ,
K. Manolopoulos, D.M. Newbold , E. Olaiya, D. Pe y , T. Reis , T. Schuh,
C.H. Shephe d-Themis ocleous , I.R. Tomalin, T. Williams
Impe ial College, London, Uni ed Kingdom
R. Bainb idge , P. Bloch , S. Bonomally, J. Bo g , S. B eeze, C.E. B own ,
O. Buchmulle , V. Cacchio, V. Cepai is , G.S. Chahal78 , D. Colling , J.S. Dancu,
P. Dauncey , G. Da ies , J. Da ies, M. Della Neg a , S. Faye , G. Fedi , G. Hall ,
M.H. Hassanshahi , A. Howa d, G. Iles , J. Lang o d , L. Lyons , A.-M. Magnan ,
S. Malik, A. Ma elli , M. Mieskolainen , D.G. Monk , J. Nash79 , M. Pesa esi,
B.C. Radbu n-Smi h , D.M. Raymond, A. Richa ds, A. Rose , E. Sco , C. Seez ,
– 49 –
JHEP05(2023)228
A. Sh ipliyski, R. Shukla , A. Tappe , K. Uchida , G.P. U ley , L.H. Vage,
T. Vi dee21 , M. Vojino ic , N. Wa dle , S.N. Webb , D. Win e bo om
B unel Uni e si y, Uxb idge, Uni ed Kingdom
K. Coldham, J.E. Cole , A. Khan, P. Kybe d , I.D. Reid , L. Teodo escu
Baylo Uni e si y, Waco, Texas, USA
S. Abdullin , A. B inke ho , B. Ca away , J. Di mann , K. Ha akeyama ,
A.R. Kanugan i , B. McMas e , M. Saunde s , S. Sawan , C. Su an awibul ,
J. Wilson
Ca holic Uni e si y o Ame ica, Washing on, DC, USA
R. Ba ek , A. Dominguez , R. Uniyal , A.M. Va gas He nandez
The Uni e si y o Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
A. Buccilli , S.I. Coope , D. Di C oce , S.V. Gleyze , C. Hende son , C.U. Pe ez ,
P. Rume io80 , C. Wes
Bos on Uni e si y, Bos on, Massachuse s, USA
A. Akpina , A. Albe , D. A ca o , C. Cosby , Z. Demi agli , C. E ice ,
E. Fon anesi , D. Gas le , S. May , J. Rohl , K. Salye , D. Spe ka ,
D. Spi zba , I. Sua ez , A. Tsa sos , S. Yuan
B own Uni e si y, P o idence, Rhode Island, USA
G. Benelli , B. Bu kle , X. Coubez23, D. Cu s , M. Hadley , U. Hein z ,
J.M. Hogan81 , T. Kwon , G. Landsbe g , K.T. Lau , D. Li, J. Luo , M. Na ain,
N. Pe an , S. Sagi 82 , F. Simpson , E. Usai , W.Y. Wong, X. Yan , D. Yu ,
W. Zhang
Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Da is, Da is, Cali o nia, USA
J. Bonilla , C. B aine d , R. B eedon , M. Calde on De La Ba ca Sanchez , M. Che -
ok , J. Conway , P.T. Cox , R. E bache , G. Haza , F. Jensen , O. Kuk al ,
G. Mocellin , M. Mulhea n , D. Pelle , B. Regne y , D. Taylo , Y. Yao ,
F. Zhang
Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Los Angeles, Cali o nia, USA
M. Bach is , R. Cousins , A. Dasgup a, A. Da a , D. Hamil on , J. Hause ,
M. Igna enko , M.A. Iqbal , T. Lam , W.A. Nash , S. Regna d , D. Sal zbe g ,
B. S one , V. Value
Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Ri e side, Ri e side, Cali o nia, USA
Y. Chen, R. Cla e , J.W. Ga y , M. Go don, G. Hanson , G. Ka apos oli ,
O.R. Long , N. Manganelli , W. Si , S. Wimpenny
Uni e si y o Cali o nia, San Diego, La Jolla, Cali o nia, USA
J.G. B anson, P. Chang , S. Ci olin, S. Coope s ein , D. Diaz , J. Dua e ,
R. Ge osa , L. Giannini , J. Guiang , R. Kansal , V. K u elyo , R. Lee , J. Le s ,
M. Mascio ecchio , F. Mokh a , M. Pie i , B.V. Sa hia Na ayanan , V. Sha ma ,
M. Tadel , F. Wü hwein , Y. Xiang , A. Yagil
– 50 –
JHEP05(2023)228
Uni e si y o Cali o nia, San a Ba ba a - Depa men o Physics, San a Ba -
ba a, Cali o nia, USA
N. Amin, C. Campagna i , M. Ci on , G. Collu a , A. Do se , V. Du a ,
J. Incandela , M. Kilpa ick , J. Kim , A.J. Li , B. Ma sh, P. Mas e son , H. Mei ,
M. Oshi o , M. Quinnan , J. Richman , U. Sa ica , R. Schmi z , F. Se i ,
J. Sheplock , P. Siddi eddy, D. S ua , S. Wang
Cali o nia Ins i u e o Technology, Pasadena, Cali o nia, USA
A. Bo nheim , O. Ce i, I. Du a , J.M. Lawho n , N. Lu , J. Mao , H.B. Newman ,
T. Q. Nguyen , M. Spi opulu , J.R. Vliman , C. Wang , S. Xie , Z. Zhang ,
R.Y. Zhu
Ca negie Mellon Uni e si y, Pi sbu gh, Pennsyl ania, USA
J. Alison , S. An , M.B. And ews , P. B yan , T. Fe guson , A. Ha ilal , C. Liu ,
T. Mudholka , S. Mu hy , M. Paulini , A. Robe s , A. Sanchez , W. Te ill
Uni e si y o Colo ado Boulde , Boulde , Colo ado, USA
J.P. Cumala , W.T. Fo d , A. Hassani , G. Ka a hanasis , E. MacDonald, R. Pa el,
A. Pe lo , C. Sa a d , N. Schonbeck , K. S enson , K.A. Ulme , S.R. Wagne ,
N. Zippe
Co nell Uni e si y, I haca, New Yo k, USA
J. Alexande , S. B igh -Thonney , X. Chen , D.J. C anshaw , J. Fan , X. Fan ,
D. Gadka i , S. Hogan , J. Mon oy , J.R. Pa e son , D. Quach , J. Reiche ,
M. Reid , A. Ryd , J. Thom , P. Wi ich , R. Zou
Fe mi Na ional Accele a o Labo a o y, Ba a ia, Illinois, USA
M. Alb ow , M. Alya i , G. Apollina i , A. Ap esyan , L.A.T. Baue dick ,
D. Be y , J. Be yhill , P.C. Bha , K. Bu ke , J.N. Bu le , A. Canepa ,
G.B. Ce a i , H.W.K. Cheung , F. Chlebana , K.F. Di Pe illo , J. Dickinson ,
V.D. El i a , Y. Feng , J. F eeman , A. Gand ako a , Z. Gecse , L. G ay ,
D. G een, S. G ünendahl , O. Gu sche , R.M. Ha is , R. Helle , T.C. He wig ,
J. Hi schaue , L. Ho yn , B. Jaya ilaka , S. Jinda iani , M. Johnson , U. Joshi ,
T. Klijnsma , B. Klima , K.H.M. Kwok , S. Lammel , D. Lincoln , R. Lip on ,
T. Liu , C. Mad id , K. Maeshima , C. Man illa , D. Mason , P. McB ide ,
P. Me kel , S. M enna , S. Nahn , J. Ngadiuba , V. Papadimi iou , N. Pas ika ,
K. Ped o , C. Pena83 , F. Ra e a , A. Reins old Hall84 , L. Ris o i , E. Sex on-
Kennedy , N. Smi h , A. Soha , L. Spiegel , J. S ai , L. Taylo , S. Tkaczyk ,
N.V. T an , L. Uplegge , E.W. Vaande ing , H.A. Webe , I. Zoi
Uni e si y o Flo ida, Gaines ille, Flo ida, USA
P. A e y , D. Bou ilko , L. Cadamu o , V. Che epano , R.D. Field, D. Gue e o ,
M. Kim, E. Koenig , J. Konigsbe g , A. Ko y o , K.H. Lo, K. Ma che , N. Menen-
dez , G. Mi selmakhe , A. Mu hi akalayil Madhu , N. Rawal , D. Rosenzweig ,
S. Rosenzweig , K. Shi , J. Wang , Z. Wu
– 51 –
JHEP05(2023)228
Flo ida S a e Uni e si y, Tallahassee, Flo ida, USA
T. Adams , A. Askew , R. Habibullah , V. Hagopian , R. Khu ana, T. Kolbe g ,
G. Ma inez, H. P ospe , C. Schibe , O. Viazlo , R. Yohay , J. Zhang
Flo ida Ins i u e o Technology, Melbou ne, Flo ida, USA
M.M. Baa mand , S. Bu alla , T. Elka awy85 , M. Hohlmann , R. Kuma Ve ma ,
D. Noonan , M. Rahmani, F. Yumice a
Uni e si y o Illinois a Chicago (UIC), Chicago, Illinois, USA
M.R. Adams , H. Bece il Gonzalez , R. Ca anaugh , S. Di me , O. E dokimo ,
C.E. Ge be , D.J. Ho man , D. S. Lemos , A.H. Me i , C. Mills , G. Oh ,
T. Roy , S. Rud abha la , M.B. Tonjes , N. Va elas , X. Wang , Z. Ye , J. Yoo
The Uni e si y o Iowa, Iowa Ci y, Iowa, USA
M. Alhusseini , K. Dilsiz86 , L. Emedia o , R.P. Gand ajula , O.K. Köseyan , J.-
P. Me lo, A. Mes i ish ili87 , J. Nach man , H. Ogul88 , Y. Onel , A. Penzo ,
C. Snyde , E. Ti as89
Johns Hopkins Uni e si y, Bal imo e, Ma yland, USA
O. Am am , B. Blumen eld , L. Co codilos , J. Da is , A.V. G i san , S. Ky iacou ,
P. Maksimo ic , J. Roskes , M. Swa z , T.Á. Vámi
The Uni e si y o Kansas, Law ence, Kansas, USA
A. Ab eu , L.F. Alce o Alce o , J. Anguiano , P. Ba inge , A. Bean , Z. Flowe s ,
T. Isido i , S. Khalil , J. King , G. K in i as , M. Laza o i s , C. Le Mahieu ,
C. Lindsey, J. Ma quez , N. Mina a , M. Mu ay , M. Nickel , C. Rogan ,
C. Royon , R. Sal a ico , S. Sande s , E. Schmi z , C. Smi h , Q. Wang ,
Z. Wa ne , J. Williams , G. Wilson
Kansas S a e Uni e si y, Manha an, Kansas, USA
B. Allmond , S. Du ic, R. Gujju Gu unadha , A. I ano , K. Kaadze , D. Kim,
Y. Ma a in , T. Mi chell, A. Modak, K. Nam, J. Na oli , D. Roy
Law ence Li e mo e Na ional Labo a o y, Li e mo e, Cali o nia, USA
F. Rebassoo , D. W igh
Uni e si y o Ma yland, College Pa k, Ma yland, USA
E. Adams , A. Baden , O. Ba on, A. Belloni , S.C. Eno , N.J. Hadley , S. Jabeen ,
R.G. Kellogg , T. Koe h , Y. Lai , S. Lascio , A.C. Migne ey , S. Nabili ,
C. Palme , C. Papageo gakis , M. Seidel , L. Wang , K. Wong
Massachuse s Ins i u e o Technology, Camb idge, Massachuse s, USA
D. Abe c ombie, R. Bi, W. Busza , I.A. Cali , Y. Chen , M. D’Al onso , J. Eyse -
mans , C. F ee , G. Gomez-Ceballos , M. Goncha o , P. Ha is, M. Hu , D. Ko-
alskyi , J. K upa , Y.-J. Lee , K. Long , C. Mi ono , C. Paus , D. Rankin ,
C. Roland , G. Roland , Z. Shi , G.S.F. S ephans , J. Wang, Z. Wang , B. Wys-
louch
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JHEP05(2023)228
Uni e si y o Minneso a, Minneapolis, Minneso a, USA
R.M. Cha e jee, B. C ossman, A. E ans , J. Hil b and , Sh. Jain , B.M. Joshi ,
M. K ohn , Y. Kubo a , J. Mans , M. Re e ing , R. Rusack , R. Sa adhy ,
N. Sch oede , N. S obbe , M.A. Wadud
Uni e si y o Mississippi, Ox o d, Mississippi, USA
L.M. C emaldi
Uni e si y o Neb aska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Neb aska, USA
K. Bloom , M. B yson, S. Chauhan , D.R. Claes , C. Fangmeie , L. Finco ,
F. Gol , C. Joo , I. K a chenko , I. Reed , J.E. Siado , G.R. Snow†, W. Tabb ,
A. Wigh man , F. Yan , A.G. Zecchinelli
S a e Uni e si y o New Yo k a Bu alo, Bu alo, New Yo k, USA
G. Aga wal , H. Bandyopadhyay , L. Hay , I. Iash ili , A. Kha chila a ,
C. McLean , M. Mo is, D. Nguyen , J. Pekkanen , S. Rappoccio , A. Williams
No heas e n Uni e si y, Bos on, Massachuse s, USA
G. Al e son , E. Ba be is , Y. Haddad , Y. Han , A. K ishna , J. Li , J. Lid ych ,
G. Madigan , B. Ma zocchi , D.M. Mo se , V. Nguyen , T. O imo o , A. Pa ke ,
L. Skinna i , A. Tishelman-Cha ny , T. Wamo ka , B. Wang , A. Wiseca e ,
D. Wood
No hwes e n Uni e si y, E ans on, Illinois, USA
S. Bha acha ya , J. Bueghly, Z. Chen , A. Gilbe , T. Gun e , K.A. Hahn ,
Y. Liu , N. Odell , M.H. Schmi , M. Velasco
Uni e si y o No e Dame, No e Dame, Indiana, USA
R. Band , R. Bucci, M. C emonesi, A. Das , R. Goldouzian , M. Hild e h , K. Hu -
ado Anampa , C. Jessop , K. Lannon , J. Law ence , N. Loukas , L. Lu on ,
J. Ma iano, N. Ma inelli, I. Mcalis e , T. McCauley , C. Mcg ady , K. Moh man ,
C. Moo e , Y. Musienko14 , R. Ruch i , A. Townsend , M. Wayne , H. Yockey,
M. Za ucki , L. Zygala
The Ohio S a e Uni e si y, Columbus, Ohio, USA
B. Bylsma, L.S. Du kin , B. F ancis , C. Hill , A. Lesau age , M. Nunez O nelas ,
K. Wei, B.L. Wine , B. R. Ya es
P ince on Uni e si y, P ince on, New Je sey, USA
F.M. Addesa , B. Bonham , P. Das , G. Dezoo , P. Elme , A. F anken hal ,
B. G eenbe g , N. Haub ich , S. Higginbo ham , A. Kaloge opoulos , G. Kopp ,
S. Kwan , D. Lange , D. Ma low , K. Mei , I. Ojal o , J. Olsen , D. S ickland ,
C. Tully
Uni e si y o Pue o Rico, Mayaguez, Pue o Rico, USA
S. Malik , S. No be g
– 53 –
JHEP05(2023)228
Pu due Uni e si y, Wes La aye e, Indiana, USA
A.S. Bakshi , V.E. Ba nes , R. Chawla , S. Das , L. Gu ay, M. Jones , A.W. Jung ,
D. Kond a ye , A.M. Koshy, M. Liu , G. Neg o , N. Neumeis e , G. Paspalaki ,
S. Pipe o , A. Pu ohi , J.F. Schul e , M. S ojano ic , J. Thieman , F. Wang ,
R. Xiao , W. Xie
Pu due Uni e si y No hwes , Hammond, Indiana, USA
J. Dolen , N. Pa asha
Rice Uni e si y, Hous on, Texas, USA
D. Acos a , A. Ba y , T. Ca nahan , M. Deca o, S. Dildick , K.M. Ecklund ,
S. F eed, P. Ga dne , F.J.M. Geu s , A. Kuma , W. Li , B.P. Padley , R. Redjimi,
J. Ro e , W. Shi , S. Yang , E. Yigi basi , L. Zhang90, Y. Zhang , X. Zuo
Uni e si y o Roches e , Roches e , New Yo k, USA
A. Bodek , P. de Ba ba o , R. Demina , J.L. Dulemba , C. Fallon, T. Fe bel ,
M. Galan i, A. Ga cia-Bellido , O. Hind ichs , A. Khukhunaish ili , E. Ranken ,
R. Taus , G.P. Van Onsem
The Rocke elle Uni e si y, New Yo k, New Yo k, USA
K. Goulianos
Ru ge s, The S a e Uni e si y o New Je sey, Pisca away, New Je sey, USA
B. Chia i o, J.P. Chou , Y. Ge sh ein , E. Halkiadakis , A. Ha , M. Heindl ,
O. Ka acheban25 , I. La lo e , A. La h , R. Mon al o, K. Nash, M. Oshe son ,
S. Salu , S. Schne ze , S. Somalwa , R. S one , S.A. Thayil , S. Thomas, H. Wang
Uni e si y o Tennessee, Knox ille, Tennessee, USA
H. Acha ya, A.G. Delannoy , S. Fio endi , T. Holmes , S. Spanie
Texas A&M Uni e si y, College S a ion, Texas, USA
O. Bouhali91 , M. Dalchenko , A. Delgado , R. Eusebi , J. Gilmo e , T. Huang ,
T. Kamon92 , H. Kim , S. Luo , S. Malho a, R. Muelle , D. O e on , D. Ra h-
jens , A. Sa ono
Texas Tech Uni e si y, Lubbock, Texas, USA
N. Akchu in , J. Damgo , V. Hegde , K. Lamichhane , S.W. Lee , T. Mengke,
S. Mu humuni , T. Pel ola , I. Voloboue , Z. Wang, A. Whi beck
Vande bil Uni e si y, Nash ille, Tennessee, USA
E. Appel , S. G eene, A. Gu ola , W. Johns , A. Melo , F. Romeo , P. Sheldon ,
S. Tuo , J. Velko ska , J. Viinikainen
Uni e si y o Vi ginia, Cha lo es ille, Vi ginia, USA
B. Ca dwell , B. Cox , G. Cummings , J. Hakala , R. Hi osky , M. Joyce ,
A. Ledo skoy , A. Li , C. Neu , C.E. Pe ez La a , B. Tannenwald
Wayne S a e Uni e si y, De oi , Michigan, USA
P.E. Ka chin , N. Poudyal
– 54 –
JHEP05(2023)228
Uni e si y o Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
S. Bane jee , K. Black , T. Bose , S. Dasu , I. De B uyn , P. E e ae s , C. Galloni,
H. He , M. He ndon , A. He e , C.K. Ko aka , A. Lana o, A. Loelige , R. Lo e-
less , J. Madhusudanan S eekala , A. Mallampalli , A. Mohammadi , D. Pinna,
A. Sa in, V. Shang , V. Sha ma , W.H. Smi h , D. Teague, W. Ve ens
Au ho s a ilia ed wi h an ins i u e o an in e na ional labo a o y co e ed by
a coope a ion ag eemen wi h CERN
S. A anasie , V. And ee , Yu. And ee , T. Aushe , M. Aza kin , A. Babae ,
A. Belyae , V. Blino 93, E. Boos , V. Bo shch , D. Budkouski , V. Buniche ,
O. Bychko a, M. Chadee a93 , V. Chekho sky, A. De mene , T. Dimo a93 ,
I. D emin , M. Dubinin83 , L. Dudko , V. Epsh eyn , G. Ga ilo , V. Ga ilo ,
S. Gninenko , V. Golo co , N. Golube , I. Golu in, I. Go buno , A. G ibushin ,
V. I anchenko , Y. I ano , V. Kachano , L. Ka dapol se 93 , V. Ka ja ine ,
A. Ka neyeu , V. Kim93 , M. Ki akosyan, D. Ki pichniko , M. Ki sano ,
V. Klyukhin , O. Kodolo a94 , D. Kons an ino , V. Ko enko , A. Kozy e 93 ,
N. K asniko , E. Kuzne so a95, A. Lane , P. Le chenko , A. Li omin, N. Ly-
chko skaya , V. Maka enko , A. Malakho , V. Ma ee 93 , V. Mu zin ,
A. Niki enko96 , S. Ob az so , V. Okho niko , I. O in93 , V. Palichik ,
P. Pa ygin , V. Pe elygin , M. Pe ilo , G. Pi o a o , V. Popo , E. Popo a ,
O. Radchenko93 , V. Rusino , M. Sa ina , V. Sa in , D. Seli ano a , V. Shalae ,
S. Shma o , S. Shulha , Y. Sko pen93 , S. Slabospi skii , V. Smi no , A. Sni-
gi e , D. Sosno , A. S epenno , V. Sulimo , E. Tche niae , A. Te kulo ,
O. Te yae , I. Tliso a , M. Toms , A. To opin , L. U a o , A. Uzunian ,
E. Vlaso , A. Vo obye , N. Voy ishin , B.S. Yuldashe 97, A. Za ubin , I. Zhizhin ,
A. Zhokin
†Deceased
1Also a Ye e an S a e Uni e si y, Ye e an, A menia
2Also a TU Wien, Vienna, Aus ia
3Now a Ins i u e o Physics, Uni e si y o G az, G az, Aus ia
4Also a Ins i u e o Basic and Applied Sciences, Facul y o Enginee ing, A ab Academy o
Science, Technology and Ma i ime T anspo , Alexand ia, Egyp
5Also a Uni e si é Lib e de B uxelles, B uxelles, Belgium
6Also a Uni e sidade Es adual de Campinas, Campinas, B azil
7Also a Fede al Uni e si y o Rio G ande do Sul, Po o Aleg e, B azil
8Also a UFMS, No a And adina, B azil
9Also a The Uni e si y o he S a e o Amazonas, Manaus, B azil
10 Also a Uni e si y o Chinese Academy o Sciences, Beijing, China
11 Also a Nanjing No mal Uni e si y Depa men o Physics, Nanjing, China
12 Now a The Uni e si y o Iowa, Iowa Ci y, Iowa, USA
13 Also a Uni e si y o Chinese Academy o Sciences, Beijing, China
14 Also a an ins i u e o an in e na ional labo a o y co e ed by a coope a ion ag eemen wi h
CERN
15 Now a B i ish Uni e si y in Egyp , Cai o, Egyp
16 Now a Cai o Uni e si y, Cai o, Egyp
– 55 –
JHEP05(2023)228
17 Also a Pu due Uni e si y, Wes La aye e, Indiana, USA
18 Also a Uni e si é de Hau e Alsace, Mulhouse, F ance
19 Also a Depa men o Physics, Tsinghua Uni e si y, Beijing, China
20 Also a E zincan Binali Yildi im Uni e si y, E zincan, Tu key
21 Also a CERN, Eu opean O ganiza ion o Nuclea Resea ch, Gene a, Swi ze land
22 Also a Uni e si y o Hambu g, Hambu g, Ge many
23 Also a RWTH Aachen Uni e si y, III. Physikalisches Ins i u A, Aachen, Ge many
24 Also a Is ahan Uni e si y o Technology, Is ahan, I an
25 Also a B andenbu g Uni e si y o Technology, Co bus, Ge many
26 Also a Fo schungszen um Jülich, Juelich, Ge many
27 Also a Physics Depa men , Facul y o Science, Assiu Uni e si y, Assiu , Egyp
28 Also a Ka oly Robe Campus, MATE Ins i u e o Technology, Gyongyos, Hunga y
29 Also a Wigne Resea ch Cen e o Physics, Budapes , Hunga y
30 Also a Ins i u e o Physics, Uni e si y o Deb ecen, Deb ecen, Hunga y
31 Also a Ins i u e o Nuclea Resea ch ATOMKI, Deb ecen, Hunga y
32 Now a Uni e si a ea Babes-Bolyai — Facul a ea de Fizica, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
33 Also a Facul y o In o ma ics, Uni e si y o Deb ecen, Deb ecen, Hunga y
34 Also a Punjab Ag icul u al Uni e si y, Ludhiana, India
35 Also a UPES — Uni e si y o Pe oleum and Ene gy S udies, Deh adun, India
36 Also a Uni e si y o Vis a-Bha a i, San inike an, India
37 Also a Uni e si y o Hyde abad, Hyde abad, India
38 Also a Indian Ins i u e o Science (IISc), Bangalo e, India
39 Also a Indian Ins i u e o Technology (IIT), Mumbai, India
40 Also a IIT Bhubaneswa , Bhubaneswa , India
41 Also a Ins i u e o Physics, Bhubaneswa , India
42 Also a Deu sches Elek onen-Synch o on, Hambu g, Ge many
43 Also a Sha i Uni e si y o Technology, Teh an, I an
44 Also a Depa men o Physics, Uni e si y o Science and Technology o Mazanda an,
Behshah , I an
45 Also a Helwan Uni e si y, Cai o, Egyp
46 Also a I alian Na ional Agency o New Technologies, Ene gy and Sus ainable Economic
De elopmen , Bologna, I aly
47 Also a Cen o Siciliano di Fisica Nuclea e e di S u u a Della Ma e ia, Ca ania, I aly
48 Also a Scuola Supe io e Me idionale, Uni e si à di Napoli ’Fede ico II’, Napoli, I aly
49 Also a Fe mi Na ional Accele a o Labo a o y, Ba a ia, Illinois, USA
50 Also a Uni e si à di Napoli ’Fede ico II’, Napoli, I aly
51 Also a Consiglio Nazionale delle Rice che — Is i u o O icina dei Ma e iali, Pe ugia, I aly
52 Also a Depa men o Applied Physics, Facul y o Science and Technology, Uni e si i
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
53 Also a Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico Ci y, Mexico
54 Also a IRFU, CEA, Uni e si é Pa is-Saclay, Gi -su -Y e e, F ance
55 Also a Facul y o Physics, Uni e si y o Belg ade, Belg ade, Se bia
56 Also a T incomalee Campus, Eas e n Uni e si y, S i Lanka, Nila eli, S i Lanka
57 Also a INFN Sezione di Pa ia, Uni e si à di Pa ia, Pa ia, I aly
58 Also a Na ional and Kapodis ian Uni e si y o A hens, A hens, G eece
59 Also a Ecole Poly echnique Fédé ale Lausanne, Lausanne, Swi ze land
60 Also a Uni e si ä Zü ich, Zu ich, Swi ze land
61 Also a S e an Meye Ins i u e o Suba omic Physics, Vienna, Aus ia
– 56 –