Keletas S. Daukanto botanikos terminų

Albina AUKSORIŪTĖ KELETAS S. DAUKANTO BOTANICOS DEADLINES We celebrated the 200th anniversary of the birth ir of Simonas Daukantas (1793—1864), one of the most famous Samogitian scholars and writers. The best-known jo works of history are "Works of the Old Lithuanian ir Samogitians- ", "History of Samogitians- ", "Būdas senovės ir lietuvių ir žemaičių", etc. S. He collected folklore, published "Pasakas masių", "Daines žemaičių", wrote several textbooks, published reading books for children. Be In addition to the S. above-mentioned works, Daukantas ir also prepared several booklets containing practical advice for peasants. 1847 m. were issued "How to grow hops", translated by Daukanto S. iš B. A. The German edition of ir Grunard- 's "Lesson on the cultivation of taboko", translated from the Russian edition by D. Strukov. 1848 In 2000, after rearrangiS. ng the language, Daukantas prepared for printing the third edition of Gotlybas Danielius Zetegastas’ Bee Booklet. 1849 m. published the booklet of Herman Cigra,,Sermon on orchards, or nurseries of fruitful trees“ S. Translated by Daukanto. In the same year came out jo iš Russian translation of the booklet “Teaching how to collect tree seeds” ir The Fire Booklet, which had been published earlier, o S. The new edition was published by Daukantas. 1854 m. appeared "Seed feed grasses". S. Daukantas had translated two more books, but they were not printed, jų so “A sermon on how to cut forests, sow and ir plant for the sake of a poor farmer” ir ,,Gaspadorius". In your booklets S. He gave practical advice to the peasants. In writing about agriculture, various plants, cultivation, he used a number of jų botanical terms. This article discusses several S. Daukanto used plant names in these iš books: “Instruction on how to grow hops” (hereinafter abbreviated DAA), “Instructions on how to collect wood saws” (DMS) ir "Sermon on Orchards, or Nurseries of Fruitful Trees" (DSD). Many of the names of plants found in these books have been used since ancient times, e.g. :gnzulas (oak) DMS, hard (GROANS) DSD, loud (maple) DMS, July (July) DMS, jidalksnis (blackwood) DMS, o beige (apple) DMS kt. ir Some S. The names used by Daukant differ from current botanical terms. These are mainly the names of plant species. 56 S. Daukantas uses the words visurtinis, -ė, and visurtiniasis in the names of plant species, e.g.: kasztan's wissortinesis (Aesculus hippocastanum; wisortinis chestnut) DMS ousis 33; wissortinis (Fraxinus excelsior; uosis visurtinis) DMS 34; skrobla wissortini (Carpinus betulus skrobla wissortini) Corylus 36; avellana (DMS) DMS 41. In all these cases S. He uses the spoken word instead of the now usual adjective ordinarys, -oji. ‘Lietuvos Flora of the TSR" (LF) the following plant species are referred to as: common chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) IV 621; Common oasis (Fraxinus excelsior L.) V 158; Common birch (Carpinus betulus L.) III Common 105; Hazel (Corylus avellana L.) 111 108. However, when discussing the maple S. species, Daukantas mentions the common maple: klewas paprastasijs (Acer platanoides) DSD 166. Kad S. The elements used in Daukanto's compound terms visurtinis, visurtiniasis, influence could have had ir Jo contemporary J. A. Emphasis. Ambrosius was born in the town of Ambrosius. (1771—1849) Skuodo paradise. Večių km. Yeah, how ir S. Daukanto, the native village was near The Bending Town. J. A. He was interested in natural sciences, especially botany and medicine. Jo scientific works remained in manuscripts, but the jo activity was significant for the to development of science at the time. S. Daukantas was a known correspondir ent su J. A. Emphasis, so it may be that he was acquainted with ir su J. A. Emphasis on botanical works. In one of the largest works of botany "Taylor's Creek" J. A. Emphasis uses the suffixes visurtinis, -€ and visurtiniasis, -ioji of the compound terms for plant species, e.g.: kasztans wysortyynesis (Aesculus hippocastanum; chestnut of the hippocastanum); aapiniis wysortyynesis (Humulus lipulus; apinys visurtiniasis); barley (Hordeum vulgare); Fraximus excelsior (uosis visurtinis); Corylus avellana; skrobla wysortynioji (Carpinus betulus;, skrobla visurtinioji) and other terms. Terms with the suffix visurtinis, -ė, visurtiniasis, -ioji are quite common in J. A. Pabrėžos’s work „Taislius augminis“, but there are also occasional terms with the accent ordinary, -oji, e.g.: zaalwy paprastooji (Poa trivialis; žalvė paprasta); Bodie common (Agaricus trivialis). Laurynas Ivinskis (1810—1881) of Žemaitija did not find any botanical species terms with the accents visurtinis, -ė and visurtiniasis, -ioji in his calendars and other writings. 57 L. Ivinskis uses compound botanical terms in his writings only with the accent ordinary, -oji. su "Lietuvių kalbos žodyno" examples with the su words visurtinis, -ė ir visurtiniasis, -ioji 11g! issued only iš J. A. Emphasis ir S. This was the only time that the authors used such a term. It is du possible that this word was composed to describe the "evergreen" plants. It should be discussed a little bit the terms skrobla visurtní and lazda visurtní main elements. ir LF The third main accent is used in the masculine form of the word, skroblas, synonyms ir are given: skrobla, skoblė, skruoblas, skroblus, džiūsna ir jovaras. The "Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian Language" gives the form "skroblas" as the norm. LKŽ XII shows that the tree is šį called skrobla in Kretinga, Raseiniai, Skuodas, Telšiai, Šakiai ir districts. The form skrobla is found in M. Akelaitis’ grammar, he used it in his writings only ne S. Daukantas, but ir J. A. Emphasis, L. Ivinsky, but the latter indicated as a synonym of skrobl. "Lithuanian ir Dictionary of Botany" (LBŽ), issued in 1999, the 1938 term „paprastasis skroblas“ is given as synonyms. ir Medis Corylus avellana The LBŽ is called the nut hazelnut, synonyms lazda, jo lazdenis, lazdų medis, nuutlazda, lazdų krūmai are given. Also called the šį plant ir P. Matulionis ‘Žolyne’ (1907). LF III used term common hazel are given the same ir synonyms as LBZ. S. The term used by Daukanto /azda found in ancient scriptures — K. in the P. dictionariF. es of Sirvydas, Ruigis, Kuršaitis, J. A. Emphasis in works. L. In his writings, Ivinskis only uses the ne words lazda, lazdas mežs, but the term lazdynas. The term is ir still used in the English language, but is now more widely used in other languages. The "Druskininkai dialect dictionary" contains both these terms, the "Dictionary of the North-East mud ir speakers" (1988) o (1976) (SR Down. 7) the names laza, lazynas lazdynas. ir LKŽ VII to the term rod are examples iš Kelmės, Trakai districts ir iš Belarusian Varenavo District. So the names lazda skrobla, ir apparently, the old į writings came to the living iš language today still ir quite widely used. In the booklet "How to grow hops" S. Daukantas describes hops and their cultivation jų quite extensively. He called šį the plant the same as the ape is now called. ir — (DAA), only gives a different Latin namemą — Dioecia pentandria. LBŽ ir LF III describes only one hop species growing in 58 Lithuania — the common hop (Humulus lupulus). It is interesting that S. Daukantas distinguishes between forest and garden hops —“The hop (Dioecia pentandria) is both forest and garden hop, that is: grown in the forest or grown in the garden” (DAA 11). S. Daukantas distinguishes two types of vegetable hummus: garlic, or late, and August, or early. He also explains why the hops are called that way. „The first wejsłys apinej are wadinamis szesznakinejs apinejs < >, dwok szesznako. < > A lot of shielding is used, this is part of a multi-database application. The second wayle's hops waden gnkstybasejs or augustpiutinejs apinejs, iog ligéj so rugejs pribrenst.." (SAA 13). S. Daukantas writes that these varieties are further subdivided according to the color and shape of the stems and spikes. He also mentions a third hop variety, which is grown in England — “< > is wejsle, korę waden Cirundo apinejs —” (DAA 13), but does not discuss it further. In the absence of a German booklet by B. A. Grunardas, which S. Daukantas translated, it is unclear whether he himself distinguished such types of wraps or simply translated and presented B. A. Grunardas’ classification. J. A. Understanding gives only one kind of hops — aapiniis wysortyynesis (Humulus lupulus), only in describing it mentions that it can be wild and planted. S. Daukantas distinguishes two species of maple: common maple (Acer platonoides; maple common) DSD 166 and jowar maple (Acer pseudo-jowar) DSD 167. Platanus; maple (Malus sylvestris) DSD 166. The maple species Acer platanoides is still called the common maple (see LF TV 608). Another name for the second maple species mentioned by S. Daukantas is Acer pseudoplatanus (see LF IV 612 and LBZ 5). LF IV presents the following synonyms of broadleaf maple: maple mountain, white, jovars, and LBŽ —javoras, jievaras, jovaras, jovarklevis, paklevis. J. A. Emphasis in „Taisliuje augminiame“ distinguishes five species of maple, and for the species in question uses the term klaus (klewas) neteysjoowars (Acer Pseudoplatanus; maple neteysjoowars). In this case, the terms used by S. Daukanto and J. A. Pabrėža are already different. The LBŽ explains that the leaves of the maple are similar to the leaves of the plantain, so it is understandable why this maple species is named so. The word jovaras is used not only for the broad-leaved maple, but also for the plane tree (see LKŽ IV 364), so S. Daukantas apparently used the synonym jovaras for the plane tree, which is why he called the maple the jovarinis ąžuolas. 59 S. The term is derived from the Greek bokh girnis. (Fagus sylvatica) DMS 31. This is how he calls the common beech (Fagus sylvatica) (Zr. LF 111112 ir LBZ 141). J. A. In the emphasis manuscripts, ši the beech species is also called Fagus sylvatica (forest beech). The Vieng tree species, belonging to the oak family (Fagaceae), S. Daukantas named bokas-kasztan's (Fagus castanea; beech chestnut DMS 32). Apparently, he literally translated the Latin name of the tree and combined the names of two trees from different families—the beech belongs to the oak family and the chestnut to the horse chestnut family (Hippocestanaceae). This tree has even several Latin names, J. A. Emphasiza in „Taisliujeauguminiame“ gives the Latin names of the gas: Castanea vesca and Fagus Castanea and calls this tree kasztans waalgomasis (edible chestnut). The LBŽ presents the same Lithuanian term as J. A. Pabrėža — valgomasis kaštanas (LBŽ 75). LF has four Latin synonyms (Castanea sativa Mill., Fagus castanea L., Castanea vulgaris Lam., Castanea vesca Gaertn.) and a new Lithuanian term — valgomasis kaštainis (see LF III 113). S. Daukantas uses the term winkszna ganikline (Ulmus campestris) DMS 33, as he refers to the common spruce (Ulmus foliacea Gilib., Ulmus campestris L., Ulmus glabra Mill.) LF III 125—126. J. A. Emphasis uses the same term —Ulmus campestris (grazing elm). In the LBZ this tree is called Ulmus campēstris. Both S. Daukantas and J. A. Pabrėža probably use the word vinkšna, rather than skirpstas, because in Žemaitija this tree is called vinkšna, and skirpstas is another tree — the frangula (see LKŽ XII 917, ŠR Dūn. Ž 329). In S. Daukanto booklets we also find such terms as pea tree or medjernis (Robinia; zimmedis, medžirnis) DMS 40 and baltoje akacije (white acacia) DSD 135. S. Daukantas only mentions the two variants malūnmedis and medžirnis in one place, and elsewhere he writes only malūnmedis. Interesting is his attempt to make another word by changing the points of the punch. The term is also found in J. A. Emphasis' writings: žyrn'medis (Robinia). J. A. Pabrėža mentions several species of pea tree, one of them called neteys-akacii (Robinia Pseudoacacia; neteisakacija), now this plant of the legume family is called white-flowered willow tree (Robinia pseudoacacia) LF 1V 362, its synonym is used white acacia. Next 60 The plant belonging to the legume family is the yellow pea (Caragana arborescens) LF IV 368, synonymous with the yellow acacia. S. Daukantas, like J. A. Pabrėža, uses the term pea tree rather than willow for the plant whose Latin name is Robinia, so S. Daukantas may have used the term white acacia (DSD 135) as a synonym for pea tree. In this article, only some of the botany terms used by S. Daukantas are discussed. In his booklets, the writer tried to use Lithuanian terms already in use or to create new botanical terms, in many places presenting Latin names of plants next to each other. As already mentioned, perhaps S. Daukantas was familiar with J. A. Pabrėža’s botany works or even had talked with him about one or another term, and therefore, apparently, there are a number of terms used by both S. Daukantas and J. A. Pabrėža. However, there are also names that differ, for example, J. A. Pabrėža uses the term illegal maple, and S. Daukantas —jovarinis maple. The term used by S. Daukanto to name this maple species is better than the one used by J. A. Pabrėža. There are also the opposite cases —J. A. Pabrėža used the more appropriate term edible chestnut, and in S. Daukanto writings the literally translated name buks-kaštanas is found. Some plants are now called differently than S. Daukantas called them, but the terms used by him are quite interesting and regular, e.g.: paukštelis, butas girinis, etc. The famous Zemgalist Simonas Daukantas wanted to help the peasants not only by advising them on various agricultural issues, but also tried to teach them to use correct terms, providing various practical advice in his booklets, he did not forget the subjects of language. ir 61