Žodžiai kryžkelėje. I

TERMINOLOGY AND THE PRESENT Jonas KLIMAVIČIUS WORDS AT A CROSSROAD. I I. The ir inheritance legacy; ir legacy monument, remains The word legacy (heritage, inherited, inherited) is probably the dictionary Antano The remake of Lelio — jo “Lietuviškos ir anglų kalbos žodyne" (Chicago, contains: 1915) paveldas pavaldus = inheritance — (nors atvirkštinėje dalyje inheritance paveldėjimas, — paveldėjystė, heritage o paveldėjimas; —- palaikas; tėvonija), o jo “Dictionir ary of Polish-Lithuanian Languages” (V., 1919) dziedzicznosc is inheritance. The variant su vowel change subordinate — perhaps quickly — became quite clear, but the adjective ne subordinate heréditaire erblich wacneacrsennni still provided — — — Stasys Šalkauskis his "In the General Terminology of Philosophy" (K., 1938) ir Vilius Pėteraitis “Lithuanian English Dictionary" (Miinchen, 1948)— hereditary, inheritable; in the biology meaning Petras Avižonis used subordination. They have not inherited, but there is no ir inherited M ir G 1982 10 28, o inheritance inherited — nė no. The entire limited, although widespread, heritage usage, mainly interwar, is provided by the academic LKZ IX — 1. “a set of innate characteristics of the organism, iš acquired from parents, predecessors; inheritance"; 2. ‘leave’; 3. "cultural ar domestic achievements of past generations, which are used by future generations": DZ. Orii flourished heritage of ir normative DŽ in both editions (1954 ir 1972). In it the first meaning is exactly that which in the great dictionary the last — 1. “the achievemeir nts of material spiritual culture, which are passed on to subsequent generations; legacy": Intellectual — heritage. Second biology, just yet ir DZ, lymphocytic, antigenic — 2. ‘the totality of the innate characteristics of an organism iš acquired from the mother, ir precursors capable of changing under external environmental conditions; inheritance’. The legal meaning of "inheritance" is reasonably not given here. However, the concept of culture in the genetic term ir heritage had not become either, so the Dictionary recorded real, constant usage, outdated attempts to ne use the word. o 8 In Vartosena, the literary heritage was not alive, but the legacy --3. “past works, monuments, phenomena- ": Cultural heritage DZ, Of course, the heritage was evaluated differently, negatively too, e.g. : The dark legacy of the past fades day by po day LKŽ VII. In the years of revival historian Rimantas Vėbra was the first to question the legacy of cultural ir history: “The term ‘legacy’ has no binding aspect. Both the person and the society, having received the inheritance, have the ką opportuniiš ty to choose, to take the ir ką inheritance for further life to throw away" ("Vakarinės naujienos", 1989 10 2). But this is destruction, denigration of experience, voluntarism — “the society, when evaluating the past, cannot į throw anything into the history bin. Ji only can restrict some phenomenal processes, suppress them to ir seek extinction, to others, desirable, create ir the most jų favorable o conditions for development. So we've got a deal. ne su legacy, o su inheritance! Therefore, it ir is advisable to refer to the concepts of “historical heritage”, “cultural heritage” etc. ir The term “inheritance” would help to shape historical thinking more accurately, the understanding that just as a child inherits his parents’ genes, so the ir society inherits the genes of previous generations <->” (Ibid.). Almost the same published po 5 days ir “Literature in ir Art” (1989 10 7), only here is provided the inheritance of history, cultural heritage. “ The Evening News" is ir "Editor's Note" (I have no doubt that this "Language Corner" Patron Linguists "Regina Venckutė" (in Lithuanian). It says in a nutshell: 2 I. You can inherit ne only genes, but ir wealth, and you can do anything: “that we have lost much ką irrecoverably, recklessly wasted, perhaps words are to ar blame...” to Very correct, only to the word recklessly it is necessary to add maliciously. ir Exactly speaks clearly Martynas Dirty: “But the typical class approach interfered, then the usual sorting of the inheritance į ‘our’ ir "not ours"; “the su struggle with the su past coincided with the strategic goals of the Soviet system: the creation of a new world, rejecting the old legacy" (“Culture bars", 1992 7 — 8 64). 2. It would be better to use ne inheritance, o heritage: “by saying “cultural heritage”, “historical heritage of ar history”, we would emphasize continuity, inheritability, so this noun could really be considered a more iš accurate word, so heritage is an inherited legacy, but <->". — it may not have a “binding ir aspect”. Therefore, the necessity of cultural heritage is not indisputable. However, the cultural heritage is already there. A little bit ir 10 years ago R. 9 The Sparrow article. 1979 m. B. Piesarsko ir B. Svecevičiaus ‘Lietuvių -English dictionary" heritage — heritage, legacy: cultural heritage - - cultural heritage (although there is ir cultural heritage, — the heritage of the past). — of Of course, the easiest way is to incorporate the heritage administratively. This is ir done, for example. : Lithuanian Cultural Heritage Council of Kaunas L ir M 1989 48 13, Cultural heritage inspectorate A 1991 38 4, Cultural Heritage Centre of the Department of Monuments Lira M 19923 12, Heritage Reconstruction Department of the Department of Cultural Heritage LA 199272 1. The fastest growing cultural heritage protectiLA 1991 92 5. Iš on cultural heritage remains only heritage: heritage protection Lira M 199036 2, Sv19901926,LA 1990 85 4, Heritage Trust A 1990 13 9, heritage labelling LA 1990 120 4, heritage problem A 1990 13 9; even in administrative names: Heritage Trust Board A 1990 13 9, The Heritage Council A 1990 14 8. Maybe according to West, pg. : Heritage Foundation (Heritage Fund) Washington LA 1991 91 3. < > John Major (John Meidoras) accepted p a - veldo (heritage) minister Davido Resignation of David Mellor LA 1992 189 2. But... Heritage specialists themselves cannot spell it in — public and often say pavėldas, even confusing: heritage pavėldą. — I wonder how they pronounce the word that appeared quite understandably paveldiniūnai A 1990 14 8 ? O Vladas Drema says: “Irkas made up such a word. Heritage as a waste! (LAUGHS). Legacy. Sufficiently detailed concept" ("Literature ir is art", 1990 12 01). The form is distorted, the content of the concept is not respected, e.g. : “The fourth Volume "History of Lithuanian Language"; <->. <->. Next to good geographical language “ Atlas", it is another brick in the heritage of historical grammar” (“Literature art", ir 1991 07 13, A. J. Grimm). Of course, cultural heritage is used non-administratively, even ir non-standardized, ir e.g. : The East, which is usually meant when opposed For the West, there is Relatives The heritage of Eastern cultures, continuously changing each other from ancient Sumerian-Akkadian to modern Islam P 1990 10 110. In general, the new use of heritage is very broad. There are quite ir uncanonic things here. The content of the ir heritage becomes more concrete, e.g. : Manors — Cultural heritage of the feudalism period LA 1990 85 4. Old Town — part of the heritage, < > A 1990 13 9; ir vague abstraction, e.g. : Now, when the political ties are weakened, it becomes clear that in the heap we hold only that heritage mythologically, poetic, e.g.: you know that the feeling 10 thanks to LA 1990 81 3; ir has exhausted, / only petals O rose flowers — / you did not ne see the native yard yesterday, / Stebeikėliai fence grasses, // healing both man and the Fatherland, / growing from the heritage celebrated — / no one exalted, sumynė / to the strength of our foundations L and M 1990 17 10, M. Karčiauskas. The scope of the significance of the heritage that is being termed has suddenly expanded and has become perhaps wider than the former heritage — it is natural, historical, religious, agricultural and other heritage: The World Heritage List currently contains 322 cultural and natural heritage objects located in 69 states KB 1992 353;OkoksThe fate of Lithuanian heritage in the Kaliningrad region LA199214715;Our historical and ontological heritage ŠA 1991 8 1; Lithuanian history heritage LA 1992 229 1; the PRC is regarded as a precious heritage of the Chinese people, — Mir G 1990 1 14; national heritage LA 1993 139 12; ethnic heritage KmT 1989 82 1; material of resistance heritage LA 1992 112 9; independence on the Nemunas and Daugava — a beautiful ring of our eternal ideal — the heritage of the thousand-year-old struggles of the Belarusians Vlt 1992 9 7; military heritage LA 1992 70 8; religious heritage LA 1992 51 3; Christian heritage Mt 1992 1 124; Catholic heritage GK 1990 15 6; Orthodox Byzantine heritage P 1990 10 111; the most precious things of our nation, such as freedom, its desire, its determination for the truth, are the heritage of the Church GK 1993 68 5; continuity of the agricultural heritage A 1990 44 12; restored agricultural heritage Vlt 1991 6 5; our legal heritage, — it is the panoptics of legal anachronisms LA 1992 13 7. It is characteristic that the heritage, which might be the closest to the cultural heritage, is probably the least: scientific heritage LA 1992 71 4; architectural heritage KB 1992 3 51, Rusnė architectural and urban heritage LA 1991 75 7; Lithuanian Poetry Heritage Mt 1992 4 80, S. Geda; heritage literature, heritage books KB 1992 1 3. Soon it became clear what was wrong. At first, it may be inevitable. However, it is really bad that the misconduct has not decreased in three years. 1 All the inheritance is very abundant, but it has not yet taken up the place of inheritance which the originators of the inheritance have appointed for it. The parallel consumption of the inheritance in the second or even fourth 11 year of inheritance ar shows excessive laziness. For example: : Ethnic, as a whole culture, consists ir of historical legacy (heritage), accumulated in manuscripts, museums, together with the living tradition of O culture natural ir natural heritage, but natural and LA 1991 209 9; historical ir heritage, again historical natural pa heritage ir White 1993 5 6, Č. Kudaba. Until now, only the legacy is not less used: the Lithuanian cultural legacy ir of peasants is a part of the historical nation, KB 1992 5 59; į Lithuanian - political ir cultural heritage KB 1992 7—8 103. In some places, the legacy ir may remain. “In the Outline of Lithuanian Culture Concept” (V., 1990), where there is already cultural heritage, music O. Balakauskas ir literature scholar V. Daujotytė uses the term inheritance (p. 65, 69). Still as it used to be: the literary legacy of Iš the manuscript KB 1992 7—48 100; legacy P 1990 9 184; scientific heritage LA 1990 85 4; The archives of the KGB, even the LA 1992 1534; archives of Catholicism LA 1993 62 5. 2. Wherever there was a cultural legacy, the heritage could not match the nature itself. It is too strict to say that ir nothing at all can be thrown away. Do not throw too much, it rebounds as if by itself. nė After all, there is stagnation, decline, even degeneration of culture, so what is jo heritage for? Unless to leave examples for the exhibition of strangeness, stupidity of humanity. In our eyes of iš environir mental consciousness disappeared the whole layer of soc. realism “cultures”, numerous sovietism “icons”, if they did not fall secondary į raw materials, through markets ir other exchanges scattered around the world in the collections of kų strangeness. He didn't inherit. Heritage is when there is an acceptance of inheritance, an heir, a confirmation of inheritance rights, when there is a participation of cultural heritage in the cultural exchange of society. The inheritance comes from the inheritance to bury, only the ne limited inheritance is o not the entire jo inheritance, — only the inherited inheritance. Write o correctly Leonidas Žilevičius in his article je "Who will research the Russian archives?" su Paantrašte “Thoughts on Our Heritage Legacy”: ir “I am a ne linguist, but I believe that when we talk about our cultural heritage, we cannot limit ourselves to one word. We inherit only what our ką parents, grandparents and great-grandparents left us. However, if the inherited spiritual ar material goods have been snatched by "friends" or neighbors, ir į we can only look at them, often o ir to not allowed, I think, should — be called a legacy" ("Literatūra menas", ir 1992 04 29). It distinguiir shes as follows: General catalogue of Lithuanian heritage and 12 gas. The legacy may be ir unknown where it is, not found, lost, ar destroyed. Heritage is — inherited: undestroyed, unstolen, unhidden, preserved, cherished, a life-giving legacy. ir Therefore, there may be a legacy of the ir inheritance, since it is o necessary to take care that it does not disappear, it does not die, it is possible to talk about the legacy of the inheritance to ir the descendants, the survival of the inheritance or the fate of the inheritance. The greatest irresponsibility is the abundance of all kinds of inheritance, which is only a fateful legacy, if we look as if — genetically, as o R. Sparrows suggested, would be variability, mutations, degeneration: get rid of the heritage of totalitarianiA 1991 50 3; sm unenviable heritage of totalitarianism A 1991 202; suspicion is a legacy of communism A 1991 20 2; The mentality of splitting the world is a legacy of — communism that will overshadow Lithuanian public life for a long time to come. LA 1991 75 2; A 1991 39 3; burden of imperial heritage LA 1992 236 5; the dull legacy of the years of occupation the unencouraging A 1991 53—54 3; legacy of the Soviet years D 1991 38 3; The Yalta legacy is LA 1991 87 6; a bad legacy LA 1992 36 3; the destructive legacy of social thought Prsk 1991 8 498; today in Lithuania there is an inertly stagnant legacy struggling with a shadowy present L and M 1992 15 14. Not applicable is the reconstruction of the heritage destroyed A 1990 17 14. The legacy is also used here – totalitarian, Soviet, socialist, communist, somehow also post-communist, heavy and gnawing, but less, the legacy prevails. Conclusion: The introduction of heritage is not smooth, the allocation of inheritance and estate is not consistent and determined, and it is not known when it will end. Even worse is the case of the monument. The first one was Jūratė Markevičienė: “ — it would be worth to abandon the term “monument” itself or at least narrow its usage. This word is not sufficiently sensitive — it means a sign of memory, therefore it denotes only one of the heritage functions and does not indicate the age of the monument. This allows to combine heritage objects with contemporary works, which, still being formed, already represent “socialist victories” in the mentioned List of Monuments" (Lithuanian Culture Concept Outline, p. 38). One truth, only not mentioned here, could be recognized as an imperfect — system: the concept of the whole is the legacy, and the parts are the monuments. The sequence would be: części —pochodzenia However, the plural pochodzenia in common language has suddenly become an ambiguous even ambiguous word for at least half of ar its users — 1. “the property of the deceased; palikimas’ DZ, “property left by the deceased; 13 Legacy’ DZ; 2. "dead man's remains, corpse" DZ, “body of a dead person, body remains" DZ. First value (and remains) is Lithuania's western identity, the second mostly written Sovietism, but it was to enough that it in common language uzblokuoty the first meaning related from ir su ja S. Stanevičiaus ir S. The significance of Daukanto writings as "remnants of ancient culture", so appropriate to the legacy. | Ancient “old museum object” is more su related to the collection of individual remains of forgotten antiquity, unexpected discovery, seems even more museum than a monument, in addition, the greatness of old demolition and new creation did not fit at all. The remains did not survive, but the monument is quite suitable: monuments are "witnesses of the evolution of a certain civilization or of a particular historical event" (J. Bučas, —Outlines of the Concept of Lithuanian Culture, p. 43). Now the most common meaning of “memorial building”, already known from the dictionaries of P. Ruigis and F. Kuršaitis, is not exceptional. It is only its continuation and extension that is the meaning of “support of the past”: monuments of culture, monuments of the Stone Age, ancient monuments, historical monuments, monuments of folk architecture, natural monuments, monuments of language, monuments of writing, monuments of literature, even: the writing of the same word with different or double letters is considered a phonetic and semantic monument of language J. Jurginis, —Livonijos kronikos, V., 1991, p. 21. And both are based on the meaning of living language—3. “which remains as a memory; what is done, left or given for remembrance": Duok an[t] paminklo Skapiškis. Bring apples to the memorial [i.e. to the memorial] Palanga. The monument of the fathers that little red. Da[r] mother's monument I have — scarf Vidiškiai (LKŽ IX). Thus, the meaning of a cultural monument can be very broad, not necessarily, as J. Markevičienė claims, relying on UNESCO, "individual valuable objects", rather than "complexes", not "territories" and so on (Lithuanian Culture Concept Outline, p. 38). J. Bučas quite rightly writes: the monument of the nation's agricultural culture is the historically formed rural landscape (ibid., p. 42). He also refers to the world, but claims the opposite: “The International Charter for the Protection of Monuments, adopted in Venice in 1964, states that the concept of a cultural monument includes both the individual work and urban or rural-type complexes” (ibid., p. 43). This is also the case in the draft law of the Republic of Lithuania on the protection of cultural assets: article. 24 Territorial — protection of cultural monumenir ts D 19928 7. 14 J. Markevičienė- 's argument that the term monument is wrong because some people at the monuments were shocked by social media. ir managemene nt of contemporary always valuable cultural objects, is raised just when possible tų "monuments" to give up. So then it ar would be an argument? Another of her arguments, almost opposite — “this term implies a special type of museum protection, which could not be applied to landscapes or cities” ir (Ibid., p. 38). Po couple of years it is still being developed: ‘Therefore “monumentalization” — is a good way to separate people from the past, to jy make cultural heritage foreign. After all, the traditional environment, ar transformmo ed into a museum’s panoptic exhibit, can only cause curiosity, ar amazement, sadness, like everything that is dead. But it is unable to awaken love, which needs life" (“Literature Art”, ir 1992 01 18). This is true, but the people were separated from the past and the term of monument, which selected and sorted the legacy, ne made it a museum, a o façade. J. Markevičienė, was “the roots of traditions are cut down” (Lithuanian culture concept outline, p. 38). Of course, the will to give up the monument could be found perhaps for other reasons, and ir certain linguistic arguments — the development of the meaning of the word monument is not coherent, chained, but branched, contradictory: in the living language the monument has not at all “monumentaliy” meanings --4. “sign, mark": Those houses collapsed, no[r] even a monument remained. 5. “which has retained very little resemblance to itself (speaking of a very decayed, weakened person, animal or meager thing)" Plateliai, Alsėdžiai, Satés, Salantai (LKŽ IX). But what is being proposed and tried to be used instead of monuments? 1001 boredom bureaucratic heritage objects LKKM 38, J. Markevičienė, material cultural heritage objects L and M 1992 3 8, J. Markevičienė. Zmoniskesnés, but equally inconvenient ambiguous heritage values LKKM 38, as well as 42, 43, J. Bučas, only some of them —monuments, others —not: Irvisatai-cultural heritage values, most of which have the status of monument and are protected by the state Ibid. 42; granting the status of monument to heritage value Ibid. 43; remains and monumental value Ibid. 43, 44, and cultural heritage areas, types, species and groups — monumental value Ibid. 45. Even after a couple of years, when we already have a Heritage Studies Department at the Lithuanian Union of Scientists, it is still unclear for us, “what to call a legacy, what a heritage, what is a cultural object, what to recognize as a cultural value, what to name a monument protection, heritage protection object?” (Jurgis 15 o ką A kiss. The object of heritage protection. A brief history of the monument. — ‘Literatira Ir menas’, 1992 02 22), although mentioned even the past safety [0 Title of J. Markevičienė's theses — Cultural heritage (habitat protection) LKKM 37). Ir heritage values here are not quite clear as a cohesive — system, as opposed to individual monuments, as select heritage objects: we need to protect the non-leaving in general, and heritage values as a cohesive territorial stem si (legacy — ką the past leaves us, legacy what we — legally deserve, legacy values — ką we choose iš heritage and dispose of it as a cultural entity (=identity). Here still a cultural ir monument is an exceptional, — representative, prestigious cultural value, more than a cultural object is not rejected at all, only stated that — “there is a need to preserve far more diverse ir values of the past than the present concept of monument dictates”. There should be no such confusion of terms, the ir solution is clear. J “Markevičienė, having talked about the novelties, could L ir M 1992 3 8, consistently come up with a tą solution. Iš the science of true culture and ir the various fields close to it consistently use the entire terminology iš system borrowed from linguistics, — e.g. : In the old town of Naujoji Darė, apologets rely ir on a few verses is ICOMOS ''o International Charter for the Protection of Historic Cities VN 1988 295 2. First, Lithuania, having become a iš monarchy, would immediately emphasize that ji — nenaujadaras ir net ne XX state of the beginning of the century LA 1990 87 6. We use mostly borrowed concepts (there are nice exceptions), ir although the scholarly, as a rule, are always a good kind of contrast to any ne at the time approved Vedic behaviour was L ir M 1983 46 6. <-> associated with opposition to socialist ideology ir su KB 1988 9 32. <-> modernity as a <-> guide to openness pluralism ir KB 1993 2--3 106. Veldinys 1932 m. J. Barono “Russian Lithuanian Dictionary" used as a synonym of heritage (HacneacTBo parents’ — legacy, remains, remains, heirloom, legacy, inheritance), Šalkauskio o S. 1938 m. In the “general terminology — of philosophy” next to the adjective subordinate instead of the usual heritage — (heritage — Erbe, Erbschaft wacneactso, — albeit only in general ne philosophical, but quite specific non-philosophical meaning: ir Hereditary disease is an unfated inheritance), in the current normative lexicography given in unknown usage iš (or J. The Baron's Dictionary?) taken, but not used in law with the meaning “inherited property, legacy" DZ, (DZ, — ir “well16 4. Ride is a — carriage ne What is a wheel? It seems a strange question, — what is the carriage, what is the carriage. This is, of ir course, a very equal ne thing. It would be half the — trouble if you could know everything, know everything. The problem is that the proverb is forgotten: you don't know, don't say, ask. So it is written, believing maybe even “enrich” the language: So the horses are coming back. <->. Happy during rest got a ride on horseback riding, riding su starts ro morning ar rides, carrying T 1976 75 4. <> shops kefir į A 1990 39 8. It is no secret that in any collective there are hard-working, honest, ir "pull the whole wagon" Idem. Iš tų -ic (Eastern vaziy!), the carelessness tų of the language of inappropriate quotation marks. But the ir poet is wrong, ir misleading the children: Ride the horse,/ the warm mare,/ Sister Elenytė/ Set out on the į road K. Kubilinskas. Year of the Little Ones. V., 1972, p. 319. The translator is wrong: Oh, if he had seen the praetor to the high, / rolling in the middle of va žy the circus, among the dust, the garment of Jupiter / wearing splendid Juvenalis. Satire/ Green. A. Bendoriutė. V., 1983, p. 77. Greece is full of lies: that been across Hellespont / bridge straight iš ships to ir pass them you could ride Ibid. 82. The Eastern Highlander would laugh, 0 wonder, we open DZ,: vazis vazys (2), (4) — “beautiful holiday sled seats". su Va It's for you! Let's remember: a chaise longue. Let's use poetry: Sniegulés twists. The bells are shouting. Kaip dūmas lygumos bekrasteés!/ Važelis gieda margaraštis/ Šarmotoj lygumoj palaukės./ Sniegulės pinasi. The Bells Scream A. Jasmantas. Poetry. V., 1992, p. 38. By the way, Zodyn should have added a certificate in tarm. — dialektasor, more precisely, ryt. — Eastern Highlands word (area is approximate as no data yet available) — Only the names of working sledges are mapped in the “Lithuanian Language Atlas”, the volume of 0 letters of the “Lithuanian Language V Dictionary” is not yet available). In common language not in force, risky even use may not understand, -- e.g. : Who will weave bedspreads, who will make beautiful chariots ir LA 1990 47 3. The dictionary ir for the — word drabstinėti gives the only, but inappropriate illustration: I'm driving, driving, driving, driving. Unless it's in the spring. You can't see ir a newspaper in November about a carriage ride. Surprised, let's now rethink: go — “roges”, but they ir are su pa-vaz-oms! Ir in the area where ‘pavazos’ lénkémi called (between 23 Joniškis and Rokiškis, from Latvia to Rozalimas, Raguva, Šimoniai), tobogganing is possible. So go straight ahead! — What about the carriage? Who needs a carriage and who needs wheels; somewhere wheel, somewhere wheel (very consistent Latvians: “carriage, — wheels” rati, — “wheel” wheel). According to the "Lithuanian Language Atlas", the carriage is used In the middle of the Neris (excluding Markio upstreir am left bank) ir On the left bank of Nemunas, o from Influence of Dubysa — ir on the right narrow section to Klaipeda. In the rest — mostly wheels, but not entirely, 0 with tiny insertions of carriage mixed consumption or even pure islands. Anyway there carriage means ne four-wheel drive, but her ‘body’ (in this sense is also rogiy carriage) or turinj —load (similarly in Dubičiai ratų preposition ratinė); empty vežėtės (vežėtys), but not every one —usually a certain one, especially a working one, usually a manure-carrier — o — (haywoman — wheels, Marcinkonysė — wheels, beautiful, light — wheels). There are more names in Ratų kraštas, unfortunately they are not Lithuanian. In the transport area, wheels also occur, but only in phraseology. Are there any weird wheels? Let them browse LKŽ XI, they will find even stranger — singular ratas or ratelis, ratukas, račiukas means... “bicycle- ”. And the carriage wheel is not in all of Lithuania, there is also a stream (ret. teknys) many narrow canals, but the southern border is near (Kintai-Šilūtė-Juknaičiai -Žemaičių Naumiestis-Zvingiai-Veliuona), and further turns north and is very narrow (Surviliškis-Ramygala -Steigviliai-Pasvalys-Biržai-Nemunėlio Radcliffe). In folklore there can be mixed words: Ried ratai, riedratukai, ried mažieji tekinukai Luokė (ethnographic ensemble record “Patalkių vakaronė”- ). Turns like the last of the wheels - strange to the unheard? Rateli, Žemaičių spini[iJamojo rato, ratinio, ratino tekinis -irgi keista? After all, even the international code of terminology would not like the wheel of a circle. But for the living language all this is of its own, real and solid. In the general language dictionary, tekini should be referred to as a dialect, but in the interpretation of wheels, tekini is not suitable either. We can be glad that the circles are interpreted more carefully -- "worker ir of wheeled wooden carriage parts". By the ir way, sled... How did that happen? Apparently, on a road trip (I ride, also with sleds, e.g. with horns, ragutėmis,...) driven, wheeled (wheels) -- rolled, rolled, and tekinių -tekėta. After a long time, this system changed, the new one is uneven. But it is ji firmly held that no one ir is allowed to arbitrarily change, mix language data. Ride the -- sleigh, ir holy one. 24 ~ be D FTZ LKKM LKZ LTE NUE PolZ, ASr A --“AusrinD GK KB KmT KV LA LirM LR MirG Mt P Ray R SMD SA T TMkt TV White VN VZ Abbreviations I. Dictionaries, encyclopedias, books Dictionary of the English Language. V., 1954 --Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian language. V., 1972 --Physical Terms Dictionary. V., 1979 --Outline of the Lithuanian culture concept. V., 1990 English-Spanish dictionary. V., T. 2, 1969. T. 4, 1957. T. 5, 1959. T. 7, 1966. T. 9, 1973. T. 10, 1976. T. 11, 1978 --Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia. V.,T.5,1979.T.11,1983 -- Encyclopedia of the Household. V., 1987 --Politechnikos žodynas. V., 1984 II. 1998-1999 Periodicals -- “Rebirth” e” --"Dienovidis" --“Native Land” --"Culture bars" --"Communist Truth" -- ‘Language Vilnius’ --"Echo of Lithuania" --“Literature and Art” --“Lietuvos rytas" --"Science and Life" --"Metai" --"Pergale" --"Proskyna" --“Republic” == "7 days of art" --"Athens of the North" -- ‘Truth’ --"The Soviet Teacher" --Television -- Hope" --“Vakarinės naujienos” --"The New York Times" Digits indicate year, numbers and pages (TV-date) 25