Enciklopedinis geografijos žodynas

TERMINOLOGY AND PUBLICATIONS ENCYCLOPEDICAL DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY I We live in a time of change. Changing ir Lithuanian school, teaching content and form. New textbooks, methodological literature, dictionaries are being written. One iš jy — new Stasio "Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of the World's Languages". 1994 It is intended for students of natural social geography. The terms of the ir concept of geography are defined in the dictionary much more broadly ir than in textbooks, therefore, here we will find those that cannot be handled by reading be additional literature in that field. In Lithuania, be geography began to ma develop XVIII a. But the geographical terminology was then Latin or Polish. Iš essentially Lithuanian geographical terms started to be created only in this century. Ši area in the ir so-called Soviet years was not "injured" as, say, karyaor transportation. ba Tą determined by the geographical object itself, Ly. geographical sphere. Ir The terminology of this field is characterized by the fact that a large part of the terms are conjugated words of the living language: trąšas, paplūdimys, lanka, etc. ir The other large part consists of old international terms used in the main European languages, mostly derived from Greek or Latin, such as horizon, iš irrigation, introduction, lithology, population, etc. ir Perhaps that is why geographers are not very concerned about the lack of lexicography, the new dictionary is already the fourth in the last forty years. — True, in 1972 ir The dictionaries of 1987 are translational, but they are not “criminal” to Lithuanian terminology. Good position of geographical terminology in the sense that there is no confusion about ir the term ambiguity. nų Only one other term (aquatorium, poles, lotion) has more than one meaning. The author of the "Encyclopedic Dictionary of Geography" emphasizes that he tried to integrate the knowledge of geography with the knowledge of other fields of biology, history, geopolitics, astronomy, geology. su — — The aim is that natural social ir geography occupies an equal place in the general geogS. Encyclopedia of Geography. K.: “Light”, part 1994. 256 p. 92 of the raphia, so it is not by chance that the dictionary contains many social terms and interpretatiir ons of economics. jų The author is convinced that economic knowledge is necessary for everyone, so here we will find a minimum of basic economic terms. Zodyne continues to develop Lithuanian terminology in other geographical fields, sometimes quite capable ir of competing with usual international terms, e.g.: air transport su (plg. aviation), service geography mo (plg. infrastructure geography), deposits (plg. deposits), charity (plg. philanthropy), interglacial (plg. interglacial), sunrise (plg. solstice), beach (plg. beach). The international term is left as a synonym in these cases. Worth noting (nors ir ne always accurate) ir attempt to offer a Lithuanian competitor to the airport — orouostis, galaxy — Birds Path, back of oasis goat. — Welcome patriotism in choosing a volcano (not vulkang), ocean (not ocean), peak (not peak), equator (not equatorial- ), Bird Taką (no Milk Path), parallels (not parallel), poles (not poles), orthodoxy (not Orthodoxy). . The author proposes a new term for a device for measuring precipitation. The rain gauge presented in previous dictionaries is here found as a synonym for a rain gauge. This term, no doubt, be corresponds more accurately to the definition, but there was no need to change it because: pronunciata) ion became more ir difficult the word was lengthened b) by one syllable all precipitation is measured as water, in other words, they are not different from rain (i.e. “liquid precipitation falling iš from clouds greater than 0,5 mm droplets", p. 112). Be the common term for ir bird markets has been replaced by bird colonies. It must be agreed that the latter is emotionally more neutral, but a bit of liveliness does not hurt the terminology, after all, white nights, black market, etc. remain. ir Objective “replace as many international words as possible with Lithuanian ones" (p. 3) forgotten when it comes to land reform, adaptation, archipelago, marketplace, auction, trade here agrarian reform, adaptation, — archipelago, market, auction, commerce. Ir you can't excuse yourself that Lithuanian terms are little known, unpopular! The authors of Zodyn should be commended for the correctness of terms. The rule is confirmed by už the exception of unrecognized flying ir objects. The — term is usually used in the noun form, such as tropical rainforests, gross national product, minerals. Therefore, this term should be unidentified flying objects. 93 When looking through the "Encyclopedic Dictionary of Geography" I stumbled upon the seisha interpretation of the term "standing wave". It must be said that this is invented ne by the author of the dictionary, this term is taken from iš previous publications. The logical meaning of the words of the compound conflict, plg. stand to be — “1. upright; not to go, not to 2. move, not to act; to be unemployed” 3. (DZ, 737) ir hole — ‘vėjo ar ko another caused moving water surface bulge, wave". Perhaps seisha should be interpreted as “water monkey” with some ar other word. | | | One of the iš characteristics of preferable terms is systematicity. Similar terms should be named in the same way. The term must reflect as clearly as possible the relationships of concepts with other concepts in the system. su So, if * 23° 27' The parallels ir of the northern and southern latitudes” we call the tropics, so we want to find a nice Lithuanian ir term in the derivative terms, the tropics šį (humid tropical forests, o ne tropical air mass, tropical belts, tropical forests). Similar ir su horizontalémis — isohypsémis. Both words are of Greek origin, but the latter includes a harmonious system of isolines: isohypses (equal height), į isotherms (equal temperature), isobars (equal atmospheric pressure), isobats (lines connecting points of equal depth on a map, diagram). It is great that the author of the dictionary seeks to ir facilitate the learning of other subjects by inserting popular terms from economics, history, sociology. However, we should not forget that the dictionary still "encyclopedic geography". Students (o are given ir this publication) do not want to know what is the republic, Catholicism, Creoles, but would come to the head to look in the geography ar dictionary, į what does the term prayer book or booklet ką mean? One can understand the author's ba possible sentiments for hippies, but a little younger reader is disappointed not to find punks. If already “humanized" geography science, so why systematically. ne Taking the dictionary as a whole, it is difficult to understand the criteria for selecting terms. The preamble states: “Unlike previous translations, the (mainly iš Russian) dictionaries, this ir dictionary has given up unnecessary highly localized Lithuanian student (local) ir special terms and concepts specific to the geography of distant countries" (p. 3). In other words, it refuses A. Solovyovo, G. Karpovo “Physical geography Zodyne-Zinyne’ V. Gudelis’s ideas are to popularize many rarer words of the living language, which are already used in scientific literature, but are little known to young learners. In this way, dauba, duburys, migksna, mudras, gruodas, kalnynas, marios, raistas, etc. appear to be very “localized”, but ruzgos, panuovalis, žiogis, palios, palvė, plova, sėklius, 94 zandras, which are included in the dictionary, are hardly behind them. There is no term raisto, but lieknas, i.e. “local name of the swamp, the equivalent of raisto is. The whole system of relief is indicated, and its components are interpreted optionally: Relief por | — megarelief macrorelief mesorelief microrelief nanorelief mountain ranges (-) valleys (+) mountains (-) mos (-)* plateaus (+) hills (+) dunes (+) niai plains lowlands hillsides rivers (+) oceanic mountain ranges ravines(-) dunes plateaus canyons (+) intermountain (+) lowlands (+) (+) (-) (-) (-) (+) (-) Who can explain to the student what is different “slénis” ir What is “dauba”? /.in the dictionary we find the terms king, president, but The Lithuanian student ne needs to know less about who is ir a prince. If important Latvian, Lithuanian language, ir then Polish ne Russian language už is less important Chinese language. Ta the same situation ir su in terms of cult buildings: somehow the synagogue was forgotten, although there is a church, a mosque, a church. Even greater confusion su in biology terms. Why does the author think it is important to explain in a small volume geography dictionary what are herring, elephants, camel dolphins? ir Ar these terms are somewhat more complicated than the ar more už important terms fish, mammal, which we would look for here in vain. The impression is that the presentation of terms cri- * Terms marked with pluses are in the dictiona- — ry, those marked with minuses are not. 95 Terrius — "what else aš do I remember- ?" Here are a few examples: ichthyofauna, ichthyology, ichthyosaurs, iguanodonts, iguanas, marine fauna, sea cow, sea cabbage, sea lilies, sea lions. Is the principle of abandoning special terms specific to the geography of more distant countries being adhered to? After all, ichthyosaurs are only one of the extinct reptile families iš of the bird-like dinosaurs. be The listed representatives of marine fauna are definitely not something special that they should be mentioned specifically (the biology terms in this dictionary are only about a third). The list could go on. Even the possible excuse that it was decided not to include in the dictionary terms that are understandable to everyone is not appropriate here. If it is clear to all students what the term settlement means, it is also clear what is a town or a single village. ir | Thus, before starting to write a dictionary, it is necessary to know for whom, for what purposes it is intended, what volume it will be. If it is used for school, it is worth avoiding such interpretations of terms as gargždas “coarse fraction of loose and cemented rocks <...>” (perhaps the interpretation of DŽ “sea, river water broken, rounded stones” would be better). If it is not possible to include all the terms of the field in the dictionary, the necessary ones should be carefully selected according to abstraction, frequency of use, place in the structure of terms of the field. An alphabetical order of synonyms would be very useful; For example, a student finds the term isohypse in a textbook, but the dictionary does not explain it, and how does he know that in this case he must look for the interpretation at the horizontal. And if he found an arrow with the reference “Zr. horizontales”, there would be no misunderstanding. In addition, it is a real way to popularize Lithuanian equivalents of terms: the reader would notice that “a specially organized public sale, trade, periodically operating in a certain marketplace” is an auction, also called an auction, and not the other way around. In addition, the material of previous publications in this field should be used creatively. Then there would be no more such awkward terms as oscillating movements of the Earth’s crust, when in the Lithuanian translation of S. Agapov’s “Geography Dictionary” there are simply oscillations of the Earth’s crust. Therefore, in order for the dictionary to be really useful for students and others interested in geography, it should be improved, the idea of preparing such a publication is really good. | | jį o Jurgita JERINAITE II Stasio Vaitekūnas prepared “Encyclopedic geographical word96