Būdvardiniai būdvardžiai technikos terminijoje

STASYS ZAJANKAUSKAS TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY STATUS OF TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY STATUS OF TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY STATUS OF TECHNICAL ir TERMINOLOGY STATUS OF TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY STATUS OF TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY The terminology of electronics is certainly no exception, and in electronics there are constantly new ones, and therefore new terms. Most of the new terms come through English and Russian, and the necessary terms must be properly named in Lithuanian. However, this requires both technical understanding and linguistic proficiency. It's ir easy to go wrong. We often experience that a concept could have been named more accurately. It is very important to be able to accurately describe the distinctive characteristics of jų various material structures, concepts, especially when we name them according to species characteristics. The noun suffixes are usually suitable for ir this -inis adjectives. Adverbs -inis adjectives are easily understood ifgu be difficulty predictable reference words. O these are usually nouns, much less often words of other — parts of the language. Using ir adjective suffixes -inis adjectives, but they are hardly ar necessary, hardly need new ones. ar jų A very important feature of the perfect term is — precise orientation. But it is often impossible to feel, the ar adjective adjective orients somewhere at all. A. Kvedaravičiaus ir R. In Navickas' book "Silicio integrinių schemų gamybos mų vadovas" (Vilnius: Mokslas, negative 1989) positive photoresist is used consistently, ir although it should be as in sephototechnika called negative positive, negative positive images, negative no positive sensitive layers — such ir photoresist. ir ir — ir Here, noun, noun adjectives should be used ne to form o negative positives. The intentions, of course, were iš good, adverbs ir — -inis adjectives are irregular, ir otherwise ir unjustifiable. Still, everyone. ne O substantive adjectives have been forgotten by many. They are simply used by the authors of standard technical ir conditions. Already got rid of many, unfortunately, all ne adjective adjectives with 47 be iš adjective suffixes elsewhere -al-, -yv-, -at-, -or the Lithuanian suffix of ir adjectives - No. But getting rid of all ne “superbudvardziy” — to be shorter, let’s call these adjectives double prefixes, e.g.: visual (=visual, visual, visible), local (=local, local, local), global (=global, global, su all-encompassing) etc. ir By the way, it is not the aim to present all possible Lithuanian equivalents. It would to be a separate speech. Recently, every sentence in technical language was crammed with a bunch of “super adjectives”, e.g.: summary (=summary) dvdis, effective (=efektiné) value, selective (=selective, selective) amplifier, elementary ( =elementary) particles, elementary (=elementary) mathematics handbook. Of course, what else is the suffix of international words of other iš parts of the language su -inis composed adjectives. The most natural, necessary and abundant are the noun adjectives with the suffix -inis, e.g.: integralinis: integralas, diferencialinis: diferencialas, personalinis: personalas, personalija. There is no doubt that there is a double-sided effect. Here are the new adjectives with the suffix -inis for two-word terms: integrated circuit (or perhaps integrated or concentrated circuit, because we are not talking about a circuit, but a product with many electronic circuits), integrated sensitivity, programming name, reference information. There have been a number of terms of this structure used since ancient times: innocence, proof, printed board, insertion, adjective, translation literature. By the way, there is usually more than one possibility of production — the terms integrated circuit or integrated circuit, integral sensitivity (the formerly used integral sensitivity would also be suitable); coaxial cable (coaxial cable used earlier would also be suitable), made without any inventions: to the nouns integralas, coaxial stems added suffix -inis, adjectives and participants used noun forms. But perhaps it was thought that it would be too bad, so now such unfortunate, nowhere-orienting terms as integrated circuit, integrated sensitivity, coaxial cable are being used. Such adjectives are made up of words not used in Lithuanian, e.g. 48 iš artesian, legal. It is rarely desirable that the reference word is not used in Lithuanian: ir “if the form formanto is be not supported by any word used in Lithuanian, we must use the adjective formantu"!. su True, there are those who claim that the adjective infegrinis is derived from integrus, but then oriented to easy iš integration, concentration unification. į o ne į ar But integrated circuits are called integral circuits, after all, it was proposed to call only integrated circuits, but integrated circuits, finally integroschemas! ne ir o — We are still wandering. By comparison with international standards, it is clear that integrated schema — it is neither a fully indivisible nor a fully integral device. Integrity is commonly referred to as monolithic, for example, semiconductor monolithic integrated circuit. In many languages, the term integrated circuit indicates only integration, concentration, but integrity integrated circuit ne — (English) integrated Circuit (deutsch- ), circuit integration (French). This includes multi-layered integration, technological, — structural and schematic. In Russian it was not as convenient to say: it had to be unmeepuposannvie xem. Unsuccessful were the terms bipolar transistor unipolar ir transistor, but someone's bought substitutes bipolar transistor single-pole transistor ir are completely wrong, unacceptable, because the essence is emphasized incorrectly. Two-pole is double-pole, single-pole is single-pole, for example, a — single-pole switch is a o device for — connecting one wire to disconnect, a two-pole switch for two wires. Every student must Know that any ar o — iš tų transistors are (ripolis ar even quadrupole element. Those transistors were designed ne In ir Lithuania, they first received English names. Therefore, we could tolerate ir international jų names, for example, bipolar transistor ir unipolar transistor. Of course, these terms would also misrepresent the substance. The first is called a bipolar-to-- bipolar (B2B) junction ( transistor. But, as mentioned, the deviation is elsewhere. Therefoju re, six years when "Kniūkšta P Adverbs -inis adjectives. V.: Science, 1976. P. 50. Further abbreviated GDP. But Mr.: Sližie nė N. We respond to doctors // Language culture. V.: Mintis, 1972. Sgs. 23. P. 71 49 my students hear, I think, quite meaningful new creations dual-charge transistor single-charge transistor. ir By the way, ir the charge — carrier for the mobile electron is ir only for the mobile hole in general. Any electron, rise, ion — ir agile, ir ne — could be called load-bearers. The operating principle of the dual-charge transistor is based on two types of charge carriers, single-charge only one type o of charge — carriers. This is specified in international ir standards. So, are there ar any rules, is there any strategy for using ar adjectives that denote a distinctive characteristic? Ir Maybe ir there is. On the necessity of nominative adjectives for terminology kė A. Kaulakienė even says this: “when you want to ne emphasize the quality of the object, 0 jo distinguishing (terminological) meaning, noun forms should be used everywhere"*- ?. By the way, it should be borne in mind that the ordinary ir form of international adjectives su -us (integral, personal, visual) as well as the origin of international nouns (meaning of integral, composition of personal) have their place. And looking at the “International Dictionary of Words” (1985) we will notice that in it “superadjectives” replace a lot of relative adjectives. About the competition of noun forms and international adjectives with the suffix -inis in terminology, A. Paulauskienė and D. Tarvydaitė in their book “Gramatikos normos ir dabartinė vartosena” (Kaunas: Šviesa, 1986) write that we should not “try to standardize everything completely and for all time”* and that “the class of noun forms, which began to form relatively recently, is now dying out”*. Nevertheless reminds that “already created (didn't I have to create? ! — S.Z.) adjectives that could (!? — S.Z.) have noun ir forms (active active, passive passive, formal — formal, vertical vertical)"*. — — — This instead “superadjectives" active, passive, formal, vertical, which are obviously regarded as ir Kaulakienė A. Thermal illnesses of the Polytechnic // Language culture V.: Science, 1979. Sąs. 37. P. 35. | | o Paulauskienė A„Tarvydaitė D. Current use of the ir grammar norm. K.: The light, 1986. P. 139. * Idem. P. 136. 5 Idem. P. 139. 50 niais, simple — forms "just created". Here it is not yet proposed to ir “create” atonal, global, demonstrative etc. ir As mentioned, the linguist A. Kaulakienė suggested už the more frequent use of nominative adjectives. However, in its view, it is possible to ir "invisible adjective" adjectives. Adjective suffix duplicity is avoided, but there is no consistency, no rules, there is only an additional ra incentive to use the suffix - No. Only unclear, ar reference word — tų the basis of Vedic perception, finally “terms created without a system have to be memorized individually, it is difficult o even for a specialist in the field, let alone for those who are just beginning to learn the subject**. to Be to, strange diversity is hardly ar admirable? A great support for users are dictionaries. Deja There is a place in the dictionaries for the promotion of “super adjectives”, but it o is not usual to present noun forms, allegedly everyone knows that they exist, maybe that they are disappearing?). The Polytechnic Dictionary (o (V., m.) 1984 provided by: KopManbuotiū 1. normal (the first, o perhaps ir the main meaning? ! When is it ji used? ). 2. Normal. 3. norminis. Iš to only clear that you have to translate in one ne word! Next to the first still would not hurt to have a nobleman normal (e.g., normal direction), next to the second simple form normal, — next to the third noble norm — (e.g., normal level). But you don't need ir one nė adjective suffix -inis adjective! Of course, it would seem that you can already enjoy “Physics Terms Dictionary” (V., m.) 1979 found active (o ne active) element ir conductivity, active reactive ir impedance, power, inductive impedance even jet ir plane. Unfortunately, in later dictionaries, in most cases, “again a song of iš beginnings". By the way, ir this dictionary contains stationary (=stationary +is) oscillation, conduction ir motion (as if everything is happening in some stationary), quasi-stationary ( =quasistationary+is) uniform field, absolute ir ( =absolute+is) minimum, level time; local ir (=local+is). There are a number of inconsistencies in the aforementioned polytechnic dictionary, for example, transversal (=transversal, service+is) filter. Ką already talk about “International words V. Glossary of Physics Terms // Our language. 1980. No. 5. P. 30. 51 the dictionary" (V., m.) 1985 As you know, be suffixes -inis can often be translated by using the noun's genitive. Unfortunately, then there often forms a group of perpetrators and the clarity of thought is affected. The suffix -inis helps avoid the ir incomprehensible ją ranks of nobility, which encourages more frequent use. This is one of the innovative features of the — generators alongside the parallel oscillation contours. Already vibrations, o ne contours are parallel (or sequential, linked). Not so long ago we successfully called these “vibration” contours resonant, still vibrating. When the normative construction of adjectives denoting distinctive characteristics becomes clear to everyone, and it becomes clear without dictionaries that the equivalent scheme must mean “the equivalent scheme”, the equivalent scheme o — “replicating scheme", stationary device — ‘stationary device’ o means a stationary device — “immovable device” (such shades must be alive in order to be able to describe exactly what is being spoken about). Then it will be clear to everyone the difference ir between negative and negative, dogmatic and dogmatic, and many ir others. International adjectives can and must certainly be treated according to stricter rules. It would be important to adopt a strategic position not to use adjective adjectives, but — to use nouns more often. We should not wait until “traditions” settle, we must avoid relapses.