Terminologija Latvijoje

FOREIGN NEWS Regina KVAŠYTĖ TERMINOLOGY IN LATVIA Latvian terminology in all fields is managed by the Latvian ir Academy of Sciences Terminology į Commission, which coordinates the implementation of standardized terms (LMA TK). Ši commission has been in operati50 on for almost years (from 1946 year). 1959 in the ji year was lifted į LMA Language and ir Literature Institute, in the years of o po jo restructuri1992 ng operates TK Latvian Language Institute. The LMA is TK governed by a plenary meeting, which is convened TK according to the statutes whenever ne necessary, but not more than once a year. The management of the Commission is approved LMA The Senate sitting for five years. TK shall be presided over by the Chairman. Since the 1976 year, this position is held by an academiciMA an, habilitated doctor Always Blinken. She is assisted by du her deputies approved last year: academician, MA doctor of science Juris Ekmanis ir MA Corresponding member, habilitated doctor Valentina Skujinia. The honorary member of the TK is its long-time leader, the linguist Rūdolfs Grabis. Marika Kirytė, a Master of Philology, is the Scientific Secretary of the Institute. Recently, 33 specialists from various fields, as well as linguists and publishers, have joined the Plenum. For regular work, the TK plenary assets are formed — the TK leadership and 5-7 most active representatives of individual fields. By the way, this asset has the right to make resolutions on term standardization. In the initial stage of its consideration, field terminology is prepared by field committees comprising specialists in the field and at least one linguist. Subcommittees collect, summarize and systematize terms and discuss the first versions of the lists of terms. At the beginning of its activity, the Terminology Commission had 10 subcommissions, and in its 40th year of activity there are 22 of them! "Skujin a V. LPSR ZA Terminoloģijas komisijas darbibas ceturta demitgade un galvenas terminoloģiskska darba problēmas //Language topics. R., 1987., lpp. 72.-73. 70 changes, because the individual commissipo ons for the preparatiar on and publication of a certain work term dictionary cease to be active. However, the opposite ir process is observed — when the need arises, they can resume their activities (possibly updated composition). ir Subcommittees are being created in new areas. Jų condition of the — emergence of practice demand to standardiar ze the terms of each other's field. The initiative is usually shown by specialists in the field. Recently, the subcommissions of medicine, agricultural 9 technology, bibliography library, computer science, energy, plant protection, silicates chemical ir technology, geology museum are actively working. ir LMA’s task is TK to prepare and approve scientifically ir based harmonised Latvian ir terminology for various fields of science and practice; prepare glossaries and guides for the press; evaluate the lists of terms ir prepared for approval by ir other organisations, as well as individual terms submitted for consultation; resolve disputes between specialists on terminology issues by a joint decision; coordinate terminology ir work Latvia. Ordinary thermal management is carried out The terminology department of the Latvian Language Institute, where the staff currently 6 work. Here, newly submitted lists of terms are compared with previously adopted su standardized terms, edited manuscripts of glossaries of terms from other ir terminology publications are combined. ar The theoretical provisions of Latvian terminology development are reviewed by Valentina Skujinis in the monograph “Principles of Latvian terminology management” (“Principles of the development of Latvian terminology” R., 1993), for už which the author was awarded the scientific degree of doctor habilitate. TK the aim of the activity is the ir introduction of standardized į terms into practice and the removal ar of incorrect inaccurate terms from iš the language. In order for the task to be successfully realized, it is ši necessary to popularize the resolutions adopted by the commission in society. The most important decisions are printed Official Gazette of the Republic of Latvia “Latvijas Vēstnesis” ir LMA Journal "Zinatnes Véstnesis". More extensive term ny collections are published in bulletins or dictionaries. Often the bulletins form the basis of a larger-scale term ar glossary in another field. To date, 63 bulletins and 15 dictionaries 71 have been published in the scientific terminology series. Recently, the organization of the work of publishing dictionaries has changed significantly. Now many educational institutions, business enterprises and other organizations independently compile terms and licensesnormative, they must be harmonized and approved by the LMA TK. Unfortunately, such publications are not enough. Publishing companies often do not coordinate their activities and each of them publishes dictionaries or other publications on its own initiative, which use non-harmonized terms. TK with the support of several large term sets recently released. Here we should first mention the historian January Illustrated four-language book prepared by Grauduonis “ "Archaeology of the Middle Ages" (PDF). R., 1994), už which jo the author received Spydulas Award, awarded by the Latvian Cultural Foundation. The English-Russian-- Latvian explanatory dictionary "Data transmission processing systems" has also been published. (“Data ir transmission systems” un R., which was 1995), prepared by the Information Subcommittee. This dictionary is a beautiful example, ką can do their work enthusiasts even in a field where very widespread borrowings from other languages. iš Latvian equivalents suggested in this dictionary are now successfully used instead mi of English, e.g.: reference atsauce, — converter parveidotaj- — s; driver drive, driver, port, — ports — (advised ma to use tą the term that is written first). Even the ir name of the device itself computer (a. computer) is a novelty that has already taken hold in the user experience. It is formed iš from the Latvian word dati (‘data’) ir Piss -ors, which is su often used to form device names. This term is used successfully instead of English computers. According to TK the ir su requirements, it supports ir the publication of dictionaries of terms in other fields. Often these are areas where the Russian language has been of great importance so far and Latvian ir terminology was lacking. Now specialists and other people ir can use the following dictionaries: “Russian-Latvian Military Lexicon Dictionary” (“Krievu-latviešu militaras leksikas vardnica” R.,1993) su 3500 of terms and lexical units, “Uosto terminų ZodynasTM (“Ostas terminu vardnica” Ventspils, prepared by Juris 1995), Oleinis, head of the oil district of Ventspils trading port ir Marika Kirytė, 72 employee of the Latvian Language Institute. Also published “English-- Latvian Energy and Electrical Engineering Dictionary” (“Anglu-latviešu energčtikas un elektrotehnikas vardnica” R., 1995), which contains about 12 000 words; The Russian-- Latvian dictionary “Krievu-latviešu energétikas terminu vardnica” (R., 1992) has been published earlier. The most recent work of the TK is the recently published and much needed “Dictionary of terms of economics, letter-writing and work organization” (“Ekonomikas, lietvedibas un darba organizācijas terminu vardnica” R., 1995), which contains about 11000 Latvian terms and their equivalents in Russian, English and German. The dictionary contains a wide range of terminological material: terms and combinations of words of a terminological nature from various fields of economics, writing, commercial activities, work organization, planning, automation of these processes and data processing, banking activities, as well as statistical terms. In the near future, we are expecting the publication of an explanatory dictionary of the same field, prepared by Ruta Grevinia, associate professor at the University of Latvia. People still need the “Politechnical Dictionary of Russian-Lithuanian Languages” (“Krievu-latviešu politehniska vardnica”), published in 1977, which has now become a bibliographical rarity. A large-scale dictionary of construction terms, compiled by Talivaldis Keivas, an enthusiast of this field, is currently being edited. Several maritime terminology collections have also been published — a few years ago “Maritime Terms Bulletin” (“Jūrniecibas terminu biletens”), this o year “Fundamentals of Maritime Technical Terminology” (“Jūrniecibas tehniskas terminologijas pamati” R., the 1995). publication of the dictionaries of terms is now quite well organized, and although this work requires a lot of money, the possibilities to publish it can still be found. Another TK area of activity is — the establishment of terminology standards. Unfortunately, there is a lack of both strength and resources to do this work. At the beginning of terminology management work, all accepted terms are registered in the file. TK vo Now, with better technical conditions, the card library is being transferrį ed to the computer, but it is happening quite slowly. By the way, this work has just ir begun. TK has acquired a computer, it is 1 expected to acquire another, more modern one. So far, only the new "Dictionary 73 of terms of economics, clerical work organization" and ir Material of the "Russian-Latvian Polytechnic Terms Dictionary". The compiled program allows you to find any term in the database, its equivalents in other languages, as jo well as synonyms of terms. Computerization is slow for several reasons. Vienna jų — TK cannot allocate sufficient funds to pay programmers and computer ir specialists. už In other areas, the services of such specialists are well paid, so it is difficult to find a good specialist who wants to work on the compilation of the term bank. Another direction TK of activity is the — promotion of the results of their work. It is only the ne publication of dictionaries and articles in the press, but the organization of various conferences ar and participation in ir those organized by other institutions. As ar contacts with foreign colleagues are developed, there are opportunities to participate in conferences of su terminologists abroad, during which theoretical and practical terminology issues are examined. Among the most important scientific conferences held in Latvia can be mentioned International 1992 Conference "Terminology Science: Situation and Perspectives" held in Jurmala in 2008. ir It was attended by terminologiiš 14 sts of states. Ji was dedicated to the centenary of the famous Latvian terminologist E. Drezens. 1996 in the year when it will be commemorated LMA TK 50th anniversary, conference "National terminology: history, present perspectives". ir This time it will be An event on a Latvian scale, but į jį invited terminologisir ts from the nearest countries to exchange views and share experiences. There is still a lot of work to be done in terms of terminology in Latvia. In the future, more attention should be paid to standardization, į dictionaries should be published, the automation of the term database should be accelerated, and theoretical research should be deepened. Little has been done in terms of teaching the basics of terminology — it is necessary not only to give individual lectures to specialists, but also to teach terminology as a subject to students of higher and special schools. 74 Bibliography of the latest Latvian dictionaries (1990-1995) 1. English-Latvian Electrical un Engineering Vocabulary. R.: Pearson, 1995. 143 pp. (Angly-latviy language of energy and electrical engineering Zodynas). 2. English-Latvian-Russian vocabulary for students of the Faculty of Radio Engineering. Sast.L.Maizite. R.: RTU, 1991.-61 Ipp. (English-Latvian-Russian language dictionary for students of the Faculty of Radiotechnics). 3. English-Latvian-Russian dictionary of sewing equipment terms. Sast.I.Blumfelde. R.: RTU, 1990. 1.d.(A -K)-204 Ipp., 2.d. (K-Z)- 205 Ipp. (Angly-latviy-rusy language sewing industry terms Zodyn). 4. English-Latvian-Russian terminology dictionary for students of the Faculty of Construction. Sast.G. Cakure u.c. R.: RTU, 1992., 1.d. —194 Ipp., 2.d. -162 Ipp. (Angly-latviy- -rusy language terminology dictionary for students of the construction faculty). 5. Regional, commercial and financial accounting terms. LZA TK 61. billetens. R.: Zinatne, 1990. -95 Ipp. (Supply, trade and financial correspondence terms). 6. Names of plants and animals: Russian-Latin-Latvian dictionary. Sast. R.Ava. R.: LU, 1990. -98 Ipp. (Names of sy Plants and Animals: Russian-Latin-Latvian Language Dictionary). 7. Blūma D. Minimum vocabulary of pedagogy and methodology English-Latvian and Latvian-English language. R.: LU, 1992. —83 Ipp. (Minimum of vocabulary of pedagogical methodology in angly-latviy Latvian-English languages). ir ir 8. Data captured from broadcasts is sent. un English-Russian-Latvian explanatory noun dictionary. R.: A/s SWH Informational system, 1995. — 247 1pp. (Data processing ir transmission systems). 9. Glossary of economics, accounting, work organization terms. sast. autocollect. V. Skujinas manages. R.: LIC, 1.d. (A — D)- 123 Ipp. (Economic, clerical, work organization terms dictionary). 10. Economics, management, un work organization terms in Latvian, Russian, English, German. R., 1995. — 911 Ipp (Terms of economics, ir organization of clerical work in Latvian, Russian, English, German). 75 Lt, Dictionary of economic terms in latvian, russian, english, vacu, nču, lithuanian, 1gaunu language. Sast. Mr. Porietis. R.: LU, 1992. — 163 pp. (Dictionary of economic terms in Latvian, Russian, English, German, French, Lithuanian, Estonian). | 12. Explanation of basic terms used in un normative materials in energy legislation. R., 1996. — 31 Ipp. (Interpretation of key terms used in normative ir documents of energy legislation). 13. Graudonis J. Dictionary of archaeology terms: Latvian, Russian, English, Vacu language. R.: Zinatne, 1994. — 453 Ipp. (Dictionary of Archaeology). 14. Gravniece S. Noun for women: Cooking. Vacu-Latvian-- Russian verb dictionary. R.: Baltika, 1993. — 75 Ipp. (Dictionary for women: cooking. German-Latvian-Russian languages). 15. Isa Russian-Latvian dictionary of energy terms. Sast. auto.col. R., 1990. — 248 Ipp. (A short Russian-Latvian dictionary of energy terms). 16. Isa Russian-Latvian industry terms dictionary: Agricultural machinery. Sast. J.Pommers. R.: Star, 1991. — 64 Ipp. (Brief Russian-Latvian Dictionary of Production Terms. Agricultural Machinery). 17. Maritime Navigation Standard Expressions Dictionary (authors' collective). R., 1995. - 192 Ipp. (Sea navigation standardizaoty proverbs Zodynas). 8. Jurkane M. Vardnica sievictém: Cosmetics and hygiene. AnglulatvieSu-krievu vardnica. R.: Baltika, 1993. -37 Ipp. (Women's Dictionary: Cosmetics and Hygiene. English-Latvian-Russian Dictionary- .) 19. Fundamentals of technical terminology in the field of law. Sast.M. Grinsteins, J.Baldunciks. R.: Elfs, 1995. —p. 135 (Basic terminology of maritime technology). 20. Karklin$ L. Dictionary of Music. R.: Zvaigzne, 1990. -336 Ipp. (Musical Instruments). | 21. Glossary of cartographic terms. Sast. J Straumann. R.: LU, 1991. — 24 Ipp. (Dictionary of Cartographic Terms). from 76 22. Russian-Latvian railway terminology dictionary. (3 parts). Sast. J.Vanags. R.; 1991. —241 Ipp. (Russian-Latvian Dictionary of Railway Terminology). 23. Russian-- Latvian dictionary of energy terms. R.: Latvenergo, 1992. —208 Ipp. (Russian-- Latvian Energy Terms Dictionary). 24. Russian-- Latvian Grammar Dictionary of Terms. R.: firma AFS, 1994. —47 p. (Zodyn of Rusy-latviy language accounting terms). 25. Russian-- Latvian Glossary of Legal Terms. Red. J.Alfejeva. R.: Alkor, 1993. —206 Ipp. (Rusy-latviy language legal terms Zodyn). 26. Russian-- Latvian dictionary of ceramics technology terms. R.: RTU, 1993. -95 Ipp. (Russian-- Latvian dictionary of ceramic technology terms). 27. Russian-Latvian military vocabulary. Sast. EJusts. R.: Junda, 1993. - 119 Ipp. (Russian-Latvian Dictionary of Military Lexicon). 28. Russian-Latvian Glass Technology Terms Dictionary. R.: RTU, 1993. — 110 Ipp. (Russian-Latvian Glass Technology Terms Zodynas). 29. Crystallographic un mineralogical terms. LZA TK 63. the picture. R.: Thank you, 1993, - 226 Ipp. (Crystalline ir Mineralogy Terms). 30. Krimkalne L., Dolls S., Landsbergs A., Petersons L. English-Russian explanatory dictionary of financial accounting. R.: SIA ‘Macibu gramata’, 1993. — 100 Ipp. (English-Latvian-- Russian Explanatory Dictionary of Finance and Accounting). 31. Kupds, J., and Knipše G. Sports terminus clarifying wordlist. R.: LIC, 1992. - 60 Ipp. (Sports Dictionary). 32. Latvian-English glossary of legal terms. R.: 1993. - 175 Ipp. (Latviy-angly kalby teisés terminy Zodynas). 33. English-Latvian-Czech-Russian polygraphy publishing un work terms dictionary. R.: Little, 1995. — 343 Ipp. (Latviy-angly-german- &irussian language dictionary of terms of polygraphy publishing ir activity). 34. Latvian-Russian un Russian-Latvian dictionary of un construction design terms. 1.burtn. Project un documentation 77 Terms. Sast. J.Piešinš. R., 1990. — 18 Ipp. (Latvian-Russir ian rusy-latviy kalby pastaty projektavimo terminy Zodynas. 1 sas. Project ir s3maty dokumenty terms). 35. Latvian-Russian, Russian-Latvian dictionary of legal terms. J. Weaver. R.: Rasma, 1994. — 487 Ipp. (Latviy-rusy, rusyLatvian Dictionary of Legal Terms). 36. Bird names of Latvia. LZA TK 60.bildens. R.: Zinatne, 1991. — 43 1pp. (Latvian Bird Names). 37. Terms of use. LZA TK 59.bildens. R.: Zinatne, 1990.— 83 Ipp. (Short Terms of Marriage). 38. English-Russian-- Latvian dictionary of furniture un manufacturing terms. Authors: ZRA “Gauja”, Riga furniture combination, LLA Department of Woodworking, LZA Institute un of Language and Literature. R., 1991. — 165 Ipp. (Baldy industry terms latviy-rusy ir rusy-latviy kalby Zodynas). 39. Medical terms. LZA TK 62.bildens. R.: Zinatne, 1991. — 145 Ipp. (Medical terms). 40. Olein J., Kirite M. Practical Russian-Latvian dictionary of port topics. You're a term name. Ventspils, 1995. - 96 pp. 41. Rikmanis O., Baldunčiks J., Bibanajevs A. Alphabet of the Sea: Terms of use. The Stasi was there. R.: Spriditis, 1993. — 111 Ipp. (Jureivystės elementarius: jūreivystės terminai. Tales of the Sea). 42. Russian-Latvian-English Dictionary of Basic Economic Terms. po Riga: LIC, 1991 —- 49s. 43. Skujina V., Kvasite R. The noun of the subject. Helps in the practice of accounting. R.: Zinatne, 1991. -104 Ipp. : ed. 1992. 44. Trade economics, organizationun al management nu terminology. R.: Zinatne, 1992. — 254 Ipp. (A Dictionary of Economics and ir Management- ). 45. Vėcinš E. Money matters: A clarifying noun. R.: Star, 78