Dėstytojų ir studentų žodinio bendravimo trūkumai

Leonora BARZDŽIUKIENĖ, Vida LIOLIENĖ TEACHERS AND STUDENTS DICTIONARY COMMUNICATION DEFICIENCIES There is no area of culture that is not influenced by ir language in any way. je ji somehow not manifest. In a sense, language shapes culture, culture shapes o language. — “Mother tongue is like a gateway through which all great fruitful ideas ir reach the soul of man” (R.R.). Thus, language encompasses the whole culture, ja because it expresses the goals and interests of communication. The main goal of the communication of teachers – linguists and other specialists – with students is that as many treasures of native and world culture as possible reach the students’ consciousness in a regular logical form. A good command of the mother tongue is a sign of a cultured person. The social and professional activity of the personality depends on it. It is therefore very important that our students have a good command of their mother tongue. In general secondary schools, language teaching is organized into concentrations, i.e., sections of the subject, which are the same in basic content, but differ in the breadth and depth of teaching. This is the so-called graduated education (the 1st stage — grades I-IV, the 2nd stage — grades V-IX, the 3rd stage — grades X-XII). Concentrations are expanded in higher education by giving them professional focus. This should already be the fourth stage. It is not possible to exclude individual topics from the focus. It is necessary to adhere to a common teaching system — to examine all the subjects provided for in the program: repeat spelling laws and rules, drawing attention to the most typical cases of violation. jų Ne less important ir course of lexicon and phraseology. Jį when teaching, attention should be paid to different į layers of language lexicon, phraseology. A particularly complex system of morphological forms, the main parts of which are construction and conjugation. Both in the making of novelties and in the use of various word ko forms, there have beensevere violations of language norms. To avoid to this, we need to firmly learn the laws of word formation in Lithuanian language, the rules of use of morphologi39 cal forms, which will also help to form sentences with a regular grammatical structure. And the result would be a stylish language adapted to every use case. “Students of special secondary schools are particularly poorly prepared. Very often, they are good at science and drawing, because these subjects are particularly important in these schools. The number of hours devoted to Lithuanian language is only half of the hours provided for in the general education school programmes. As a result, there is no time to lay out the program, little time is devoted to language skills. Graduates of special secondary schools do not understand the structure of the mother tongue, do not know its norms, do not learn the basic rules of Lithuanian grammar. Especially many graduates of special secondary schools enter the part-time department. How to teach them invisible, only through consultation? Instead, you need to re-learn everything: correct pronunciation, spelling, punctuation, vocabulary, word formation and substitution, syntax, stylistic language requirements. There are few hours allocated to teaching Lithuanian language and culture. We find ourselves in a vicious circle: we teach to use different forms of words, the student o often does not distinguish the participant from the half-particiar pant of the participant. To consequence - very irregular, su with many spelling and punctuation errors in the language of students. The language of the diploma thesis of several ir master’s thesis was analyzed. It is very sad that it shows the ji complete linguistic ignorance of our students. There are many spelling errors in the works, e.g.: santikis, saveika, stambiuju, imanoma, pirmiausia, gelis, struktūra, netiek, taip pat, kūbelis, malunas, variantas, aptimalia, ankščiau etc. ir Ne better ir su divorce. Students do not distinguish even homogeneous parts of the sentence, insertions, separate the factor from the taring, very often put a comma before the verb. (maybe confuses su but), distinguishes non-expanded circumstances, does not o distinguish signs po following a sign word, e.g. :! 1. It is convenient to use a thyristor model iš composed ir of diode voltage sources controlled The switch. 2. The dependence of the current in bė the load resistance on the frequency of the thyristor — control pulse sequence was ! Incorrect punctuation is underlined with dashes. 40 frequency range. There are many grammatical errors. Singular nouns are made into plural, e.g. cementas — cementai, aktyvumas — aktyvumos, apsauga — apsaugos, priklausomybė — priklausomybės, etc. it In the case of the term, it is usually used to refer to a particular type of object or concept. This tool is almost unknown to graduate students. They generally do not know how to use noun forms, for example: 1. There is no special (= Special) literature. 2. differs from the first (= first) method only by greater mixing of components (= that components are better mixed). It is used in the preparation of toxic compounds, e.g. : Tar can be seen in the graphs shown in Annex I. Such mixtures are well compacted (= thickened). Most of the time, they make funny usage mistakes. Lithuanian constructions have been replaced by foreign ones, e.g. : Due to the imperfection of mathematical methods of calculation, problems arise in the calculation. As a result (= Due to) a sinusoidal voltage is obtained. There are also many errors in the use of prepositions. It is characteristic that non-adjective constructions in Lithuanian are replaced by prepositions, e.g. : Several mixtures have been produced with this composition. In addition to the incorrect use of conjugations and prepositions, there are many other cases of violation of the syntactic structure of the sentence. Incorrect word order in the sentence: often the pointer comes after the pointing word, the sub-pointer sentence — not after the word it explains. Particularly incorrectly used particles. We know from grammar that a particle stands in front of the word to which it gives a meaningful connotation: when it is in another place, it becomes a parasitic word. The divisor becomes the conjunction of the connective sentence, it connects the subordinate sentence, e.g. : Despite the difficulties (= Although there are many difficulties, it is still difficult), production needs to be improved. Very common translational constructions in Russian with iš the conjunction su that, e.g. : To get out of (= this iš situation, we need to release 41 (= turn on) current. In the master’s thesis there are many violations of Lithuanian language lexicon. Some of them have arisen due to inaccurate choice of words, ignoring synonyms; others-due to the influence of foreign languages, e.g. : The calculation results are given (= displayed) in graphical form (= graphically). The technical characteristics are not exploited (= not used) for a number of reasons. When translating from Russian, Lithuanian word formation rules are constantly violated, so-called hybrids (words formed with foreign word formation elements) appear. There are many values of adverbs. There are many examples of non-regular prepositional construction, e.g. : The capacitor is being charged (= charging). Coefficients can be calculated (= calculated). Filled with air (= Filled with air). The master’s thesis are full of various stylistic errors. A great mischief of style—pseudoscientificity and sophistication of thought. There are many different types of errors, but the more common they are, the greater the probability that the error will occur. And to get out of this situation, the solution is one. These are all errors in the master's theses. Some faculties communicate with Lithuanian scholars and, upon request, submit students’ research papers ne for analysis, but unfortunately not all. In the spring of 1993, the exemplary diploma projects (272) of almost all students and all faculties of two faculties — Mechanical and Chemical Technology — were edited. The errors in language, scientific style and terminology made in these projects were systematized, summarized and, with the appropriate theoretical explanations, presented in the form of an information booklet for students: “Linguistic advice for students of technical specialties” (1994 — 113 p.). Appendix to the publication — a glossary for correcting unused terms of various technical science specialties, which is divided into subgroups according to specialties. The authors hope that this publication will be useful for students writing research papers and for lecturers supervising students’ research papers. That the written and spoken language of lecturers is not much better than that of students is shown by analyzed collections of scientific theses, published 42 abstracts of lectures, other methodological publications. They are also full of spelling, punctuation, lexical, word formation, substitution, syntax, style, logical errors. Let's give some examples: Spelling errors: grapho-analytic, variant, ammoniac. Separation errors: Check whether these current and voltage values satisfy (= match) the Kirchhoff equations. You can not be pleased with the lecturers' speech during the lectures. They make a lot of pronunciation and spelling mistakes. Elongated short accented vowels i, u: tu-ri, skelbi-mas, stilius, puslapis; international Words o: fo-nas etc. ; the accent from the end of the word is drawn to the root, e.g.: apskritimus (= round), nėra (= not), aštuoni (= eight), tieses (= straight), ribose (= border), režimus (= regimes), stačiakampius (= rectangular), klavišus (= key) and so on. International words are pronounced incorrectly, e.g. temperamentas (= temperament), ornamentas, Ornamentu (= ornament, ornamentii- ), katalogas (= catalogue), klavišas (= key), etc. The correct spelling of the word inZiniérius is not yet learned... Language culture errors Incorrect use of various grammatical forms, especially of participles, participles, semi-participles, e.g. : These devices must work as well as possible. After calculating the first two points, we draw a line through them. Of the syntactic constructions, most of the cases of incorrect use of verbs and prepositions, e.g. : The greatest difficulties (= Most difficulties) arise when selecting protections (= protection) for lines operating in Ring networks (= protection of lines operating in Ring networks). The measurement was performed at three different voltage values (= at different values of three voltages- ). There are sentences with irregular word order, e.g. : The sensitivity coefficient can be increased (= can be increased) by reducing the trigger current (= current, operating current). To increase (= we would increase, we could increase) the counter. 43 Communication becomes mutually beneficial. Each substance can be in a gaseous, liquid and solid state (= gaseous, liquid and solid). Later, the help of scientists was established (= Later, scientists were established). kų Logic (style) errors Here, know, if something is written, do not pay attention! It was a typical Lithuanian example (?). There is a greater dispersion in your group... how do you feel about your results? You have to see where you are as a personality. When working at high overload, computers stop working. When creating a block, we should think about what data it will transmit. The course is narrow, so we will not touch this topic, although we will cover two topics per lesson. po Such questions can be asked when we want to prolong the situation. In the front row, make a mark... give your dimensions. Apparently ne better language ir of other non-humanities higher education teachers. Vilnius University of Technology I k. student V. Rudaitienė in the article “Can we learn iš beautiful language from our teachers” (Native Language, 1990, No.6) very vividly presents the lecturers’ speech in the auditorium. The author assures the lecturers that “significant scientific truths will acquire greater value if we put on a beautiful Lithuanian į covering, if we present Lithuanian lexicon, Lithuanian sentence structure...” The French scholar A. Meje (Meillet) has said “Languages are what ką iš jų by the society that speaks them. It is the will of those who use these languages that develops ir them in action." Language of meetings, consultations During meetings, conferences, university researcherir s, teachers, little follow their speech ir “relaxation”. They make a lot of spelling mistakes in words that are heard everywhere on television, in speech — lessons, perhaps o ir iš students. This is: Senate (= Senarė), engineer (= engineer), parliament (= parliament), office office), 44 (= deans deans), library (= library), budget (= budget), questions questions), (= competition competition), (= experts experts), (= student studentū), (= project project), (= telephone telephone), (= method method), committee (= (= komitetas), is (= is), is not (= (= nėrė), apparatus (= aparatūra), argument argument), process process), buffet buffet)... use of many values, semantics, “slavisky” construction- (= s. Such errors are (= more typical: the (= constitution of the commission, conduct questionnaires, fully understand, generally speak, to the best conditions I can not count, voted next, let me know, have to turn around the cathedral, so-called somewhere this..., somebody this sometime this took- ..., ..., ..., ti už the basis; iš the editing į of the editorial .... improved in full clear..., at this point I would like to say, to put on the road a row of doctoral students; the proposals were not adopted in full; before discussing the requiI, I would like to introduce ... words to move the structure ... of a number of departments university spirit heavily debated issue including I ...; po read fellowship burden to bind ...; administrative- ..., ...; ..., su ja ..., from the following month, classes partly determined by the theme, take a scholarship; as a rule; on how much I'll be right about; directly exit ..., the company; where I want to į lean; to strengthen the university; to evaluate ... . To not repeat; looks, it turns out, I'll repeat; the cooperative is being built; begins testing in the laboratory. You will not be discriminated against in the faculty; during ... the week; in harvest, level of application, to month, completeness clear; problem of darkness ... ; in that number; the first question. We do not provide corrections, we only write o the incorrect words in whole combinations. In the future, ar we will try again to analyze the comparative correctness of language. ir Linguists face a long and difficult task of persuading teachers that they must ir have a good command of the common language. Provisions "we all talk" cannot be tolerated. Teachers speak as ir jų personality, must be an example to be followed by students. “From how people value their 45 native language, how they defend and protect it, how they adhere to its norms, it is possible to judge about national self-consciousness, respect for traditions, intelligence, degree of socialization and other value orientations” (K.Stoškus). In improving the language of both students and teachers, the following work should be done: 1. to establish a language supervision commission at the university, which would control the language of all scientific theses, articles, methodological works published at the university; | 2.Students' course and diploma projects, master's theses, doctoral dissertations must be written in correct language. Without a positive review by a Lithuanianist, diploma works and dissertations should not be accepted for defence. 3. Since the linguistic environment is particularly actively shaped by university researchers and educators, it is necessary to achieve this by including one of the most important qualification — requirements in the regulations for the certification of lecturers – a good command of the common Lithuanian language. 46