Dėl „darbo“, „veikimo“, „veikos“ ir „veiksenos“

Vilius PALENSKIS, Vytautas VALIUKĖNAS and Valerijonas ZALKAUSKAS ABOUT WORK, ACTION, ACTIVITIES AND ACTIVITIES In the “Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian Language” [1] about the use of the verb cry it is written: the machine still works, it is not broken, the phone is not working. In addition, we often hear and say ourselves: “The telephone, the television, the radio, the car engine, etc., work (or no longer work).” It might not be necessary to talk about crying, but when looking for Lithuanian equivalents of French terms fonctionnement, régime de fonctionnement, action, marche, service and English terms operation, operating mode, action, running [2-6], we noticed that both in the “Physics Terms Dictionary” [7], and in the “Rusy-Lithuvian Polytechnic Dictionary” [8], and in many textbooks, and recently also in Lithuanian standards, the term functioning is used without any need in place of work, and the term working mode or regime is used even where it can easily be done without it. There is no doubt that this is the influence of the Russian language, since the Russian word pabora corresponds to two different Lithuanian terms: darbas veikimas. "Working Time". worktime.com. Work (f) || Russian pabora (f)) is suitable for describing a physical process in which energy is exchanged or changed. It also means physical and mental activities. Examples of the proper use of the term work are in the dictionaries already mentioned in textbooks of physics, chemistry and other fields, as well as in various educational science publications. ir [7, 8], ir ir These are e/enertary, release, ionization, mechanical, useful, expansion, impact, compression, friction, internal and external jegy and other work. However, the term darbs is not suitable for terms in other languages operation (engl.), operation (french), operation (voice), ODVHKHHOHHposBaHne, pabora (Russian) replace, because they are used when you want to say that the machine, device, apparatus is now working, that it is not broken. It corresponds to the Lithuanian term veikimas [1]. Therefore, in order to emphasize the ti functioning of the device itself, the ar term operation should be used, o ne — work. It should be written ir automatic operation 32 (although in Russian aBTOMaTHUCCKAS pabora), asynchronous operation, parallel operation, real-time operation, normal operation (Russian aCHHXpOHHas p., OapaJV/Ie/IibHaH p., pabora B peaibHOM BPEMEHH, HODMA/ILHas1 padOoTAa). Here are some examples in which the term crying is a sign [ 2, 4, 5, 7]: veikimo charakteristika || operating characteristic || caractėristique (f) de fonctionnement || Betriebskennlinie (f) || pabouas xapakrepuctuka (f) operational frequency || operating frequency || frequency (f) of operation, frequency (f) of use, frequency (f) useful || Betriebsfrequenz (f) || pabouast wacrora (f) operating voltage || tension (f) de fonctionnement, tension (f) d'emploi || Betriebsspannung (f) || pabouee HanpsoKeHue (n); operating range || range (m) of operation || Arbeitsbereich (m), Arbeitsgebiet (n), Arbeitszone (n) || paGounū quanasoH (m); | operating current || current (m) of operation || Betriebsstrom (m) || paGounii Tox (m); operating temperature | operating temperature (f) | operating temperature (f) | operating temperature (f) (f). We do not think that it is necessary to give up the terms operating frequency, operating voltage, operating current, operating characteristics and other operating parameters when it comes to systems performing mechanical work, consisting of motors, machines, devices, tools, etc. When the device does not perform any work, but operates normally at a certain supply voltage, the latter should be called operating voltage, not working voltage. The same applies to other ir quantities describing the operation ar of the machine, other machine equipment. The word action still means ko even doing i.e. [1], when a certain object or part in one way jo or another ar affects something else. To describe such an event, we suggest using the word || aktas: || aktas action action (f) || Wirking (f) || aeitcrsue (f) dynamic action || action || (f) dynamic || dynamic Effect (f) || aunamuueckoe peitcteue (n); indirektinė veika | indirect action | action (f) indirect || indirect Effect || kocBennoe seitctsue (n); antihunting action || [action (f) establishmentce || stabilizing Effect (f) || cra6uxm3upyiomee aeiicteue (n); proporcingoji veika || proportional action action || (f) proportional || Proportional effect (f) | nponoprmonanstoe aeiictsue (n); trūkioji veika intermittent || action, discontinuous action action || (f) discontinue | discontinuous mode of action (f) | npepriBUCTOE aercTsue (n); Zingsniné veika | step-by-step action action || (f) pas pas a increme- | ntal effect (f) | muckpernoe meiictBuE (n), momaroBoe neicrsue (n). The group of action terms should be ir assigned to the Russian language term XO/IOCTOH xox the Lithuanian value idle which should be [7, 8], replaced by fuscioji veikla (English) idling, pranc. Marches a empty, servicea empty, vok. Idle, idle operation, rus. xo/rocroii xof, PexHM xosocroro xosa). Then we could talk about the loss of idle action (English) idling loss, pranc. loss a volume, vol. Idle losses, rus. IrorepH Xxosocroro xoxa), o ne on idle losses when explaining the operating principles of transformer electric machines ir mo [9]. In the “Dictionary of Contempor- [1], ary Lithuanian Language” when interpreting the word “eiga”, the second meaning could be abandoned ‘erga (4) 2. tech. operation of the mechanism: Work, empty e. ", since the course is more often understood as the working part of the mechanism (piston, slider, spring, ir etc.) the distance travelled or the shift. Therefore, we should use fuščiaja, pastovumovaja, trūkiaja with different action. ir The term action is already presented with this meaning "Dictionary of Laser Physics Terms" [10]. Long-term environmental, radiation, field, radiation ir similar action would be described by the term veikme: aplinkos veikimas action medium || action of || (f) de environment || Medium effect (f) not || included (n) oxpyxaiomeii cpempi; radiacinė veikla | radiation action action || (f) de radiation || Radiation effect (f) || neitorBue (n) oGnyuenmnsa; : current action action || || (f) de current || Current effect (f) || reiicTBue (n) Toka: heat action || action || (f) heat de | Worm effect (f) | non-TBEs (n) subject matter; light || action light | action (f) de lumiere | Light effect (f) not || included (n) cHerself. The term effect is used to describe the phenomenon of a particular action. This is magnetic, mechanical, chemical, debris ir other effects. The mutual ar effect of two bodies particles is called word interaction [1]. This is an atomic, dipolar, two-body, Coulomb ir different interaction. In some cases, the impact is į reacted, i.e. is said to occur. We believe that instead of the terms action reaction used so ir far, the [1, 7, 8), terms effect reaction would be more ir appropriate. The effect could be defined as follows: an action that causes a certain result, i.e. of effect. Then you should say ne "action ir reaction are equal" [1], o "effect ir reaction are equal". In metrology, the input signal of a system is called an effect (English) ir French. stimulus- ), output o response — (English) response, pranc. (reponse) [11]. In mechanicals, the antonym of effect would be the word reaction, in electronic radiotechnologo y, the word ir response. The — antonym of the verb should be aphoverb, as explained in the “Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian Language” [1]. The operatiir on of the apparatus, machines and other devices can be different, i.e. most commonly refers to the mode, type or mode of operation, e.g. operating mode, operating conditions, duty type pranc. || mode (f) operation, de speed (m) operation. de mode (f) de service vok. || Mode of operation (f), operating state (m), operating mode (f) || Russian. pexHM (m) paborsl, paOOuHH pEXHM (m), pexHM (m). We believe that the terms 'working mode' or'mode' su should be dropped. The French define de fonctionnement as follows: the way a device operates in its normal state. English - jo mode [1]. Therefore, in cases where we are talking about the mode of operatiobe n, it is often possible to use the term crying, for example, pulse operating mode (French: régime a impulsions, German: Impulsbetrieb, Russian: HMITVY/ILCHBIĖ PEXHM). It is obvious that the use of the term “work” in physics and technology would create a completely logical connection with other terms discussed in this article, namely: effect, presence, interaction, action, mode. Literature 1. Dictionary of Modern English. V.: Science ir encyclopedia, 2. 1993. (DpaHiy3ko-pyccKHi TOJIKTEXHHUeCKHI CJIiOBapb. M.: CoBeTcKas HLH" Kionemus, 1964. 3. CnoBaps no snexrponuke. M: Pycckmii s3sik, 1988. 4. CiioBapb HayuHolt H TexHHuecKOfd Yeah. M.: Pycckumii a3bik, 1994. 3. Cnosapp no snextponuke. M.: - Oh, my God. 1985. 6. Cnosaps no Mukpoanextponuke. M.: Pycckuit ass, 1991. 7. Physical terms Zodynas. V.: Science, 1979. 8. Russian-Lithuanian Polytechnic Dictionary of Languages. V.: Directory of encyclopedias 1984. 9. Masiokas S. Electrical engineering. V.: Science, 1989. i 10. Laser Physics Dictionary. V.: VU publishiir ng house publishing house "Chess", 1990. 11. International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology. Geneva, 1993, P. 59. 36