Daktaras Jonas Basanavičius ir jo „Medega musu tautiszkai vaistinykystai“

Dr. Jonas BasanavičiLietuvių kalbos institutas us (1851-1927) is a dear name for every MEDEGA MUSU TAUTISZKAI VAISTINYKYSTAI Lithuanian. This “great and honourable Lithuanian, who created an entire epoch of national renaissance” (Albumas 1937: 57), who dedicated his whole life and health to Lithuania and the welfare of its people, earned the title of Father of the nation’s rebirth, Patriarch and Prophet. J. Basanavičius was also a doctor. This area of his activity is most related to Bulgaria, where he lived for about 25 years. In this case, J. Basanavičius did not only work as a practical doctor. He published articles in Russian medical newspapers. He often visited villages, took notes of how sorcerers and folk healers explained diseases, and paid attention to Bulgarian language, manner and customs (Autobiografija 1936: 33-39; Basanavičius 1994: 28; Nezabitauskis 1990: 110-114; Visockis 1992: 57-59). Lom studied 2116 men and 167 women in the surroundings of Palanka (now Lomas) and compiled their anthropological characteristics. Thus J. Basanavičius became the pioneer of anthropology in Bulgaria (Visockis 1992: 91). In 1891, his monograph Marepusjiu 3a caHuTapHaTa erHorpadus Ha bejg]rapus was published, in which "a lot of space is devoted to the anthropology of the region, archaeology, economy, ethnography, history, medicine, education, folklore, even the problems of nature" (Visockis 1992: 92). This work of J. Basanavičius was widely recognized and highly appreciated. In addition, at the request of the Bulgarian Ministry of Education, he prepared a manual for the collection of anthropometric material, which “was later used by many Bulgarian researchers. The anthropological material collected and summarized by J. Basanavičius was used not only by Bulgarians” (Visockis 1992: 113), but also by other European scholars. In 1898, in Varna, J. Basanavičius wrote a dictionary of folk medicine terms — Medega musu tautiszkai vaistinykystai, — which was first published in 1898 in the newspaper “Dirva” published by A. Miluk in Šenandoara and in 1898 published as a 32-page booklet at the expense of the same A. Miluk. There is also a 38-page copy of the glossary with 35 terms, also published in the same year. 103 (Bibliography 1985: 227–228). The article uses both copies of the dictionary. Dr. J. Basanavičius, writing Medega mūsų tautiškai farmacijai, used the material sent to him in 1885 by M. Davainis-- Silvestraitis and his assistant V. Bakutis — “A collection of all kinds of diseases, heard from people, from Raseinių parish, from Kalnujų district- ”. In the talk the author writes: “The whole ‘collection’, which includes 159 diseases, partly described in a platonic way, partly only named with special names of various pathological symptoms of diseases, is important in that it densely reflects insights into Lithuanians’ aitological insight. Even if Mr. Silvestraitis, as well as his assistant V. Bakutis, were not specialists, and were not able to ask people as carefully and clearly to describe one or another disease, as a physician would have been able to do, nevertheless their written medega will have no small importance in the eyes of other physicians and, you will find, will incite them to want to question our national pharmacology even more" (Medega 1898: 1). Dr. J. Basanavičius added to all the diseases recorded by M. Davainis-- Silvestraitis his own diseases recorded in 1878 in Ožkabaliai and in the Biržai district by Dr. E. Janušis. Medega contains 277 medical terms (including synonyms and variants) in alphabetical order. The Latin names are given after the hyphen, there are cases where the Latin name is not given, then only the explanation is given or a question mark is written, for example: gniusas R. —? ; nikstas R. —? ; rožė lekianczioji R. —? ; Sometimes a question mark is added to the Latin names, e.g. aptaka R. —abscessus? ; Crane biting R. —dermatitis? ; Smurf R. —ozaena? This can be explained in the words of Dr. J. Basanavičius himself: „<...> I tried to add the scientific nomenclature of their [diseases] wherever possible; To those again Lithuanian names, which I was not able to mark with scientific terms, I add everywhere, as with other names, Mr. Silvestraitis’ explanations of how they were written down by people” (Medega 1898: 1). Terms are printed in thin font, after each of them are written letters R, O or B: "after the letter O you need to understand the names of diseases- ,! Here and elsewhere is presented the authentic text of Dr. J. Basanavičius. užraszytus Ožkabaliuose (Suvalkų gub.), po R — apie Raseinius, po 104 B —about Biržai (Kauno g.)" (Medega 1898: 1-2). Most of the Zodziai are written about Raseiniai and Ožkabaliai. Only four words are written about Biržai. The six words of Medea do not indicate where they were written. Often the same concept in different places is called differently, sometimes the terms written in the same place differ, e.g.: bubbling, bubble O.; dedervine R., didervine O.; karsztligė, sziltinė O., karsztiné R.; wandering O. wandering R.; maras O., pavietré R.; hangover O., binge drinking R.; smallpox wind, varicella R., etc. Many interpretations of the term are based on this,,aitiologiSku in regard to“: „Plague O. pavietré R. —<...> In the time of plague, as Gižus (Vilkaviszkio pic.) tells, walked through the villages three young beautiful girls, beautifully dressed in long white clothes and, after sunset, walking from house to house, not knowing if water or what, lazing everything. If the lazy boy fell on anything, it wouldn't survive. When they entered the house, they asked "is there anyone at home?" because everyone was hiding from them. If anyone called, they would say, "Whoever is alive, let him live," and if the courses did not answer, they would say again, "As no one calls, let them never call," and they died out. <...>“; Slogutis O. —„Slogutis eats the soul of a dead unbaptized child; he was flying under the stones for days and appearing as a white cat; The meaning of Medega’s terms and current scientific terminology Dr. J. Basanavičius wrote in Medega’s preface: “Whoever reads the Medega piled up by our czion, will be deceived, will be convinced, that Lithuanians know all diseases and have a peculiar, original terminology for them” sio vyro, sloginąs ypacziai moteris <...>“. (Medega 1898: 2). Not all words in the dictionary refer to diseases — there are anatomy terms. They can be divided into three groups: 1) coinciding with the terms of the "Dictionary of Medical Terms", e.g.: pilvas O.-abdomen; lungs O.-lungs; muscle O.musculus; 2) partially not coinciding with the terms of the “Dictionary of Medical Terms”, e.g. :uterus (uterus —PNA uterus MTZ); member 105 R. —articulatio (articulatio —PNA articulation: 1. joint MTZ); underarm O.fossa axillaris (fossa axillaris -PNA axillar fossa MTZ); O.-oscostae (os costale —-PNA rib bone MTZ); jaw O.maxilla (maxilla —PNA upper jaw MTZ); 3) completely not coinciding with the terms of the “Dictionary of Medical Terms”, e.g.: alkuné R. —antibrachium (antebrachium —PNA dilbis MTZ); wart O. papilla mammae (papilla mammae — PNA fall nipple MTZ); pancreas O. lien (lien — PNA blužnis MTZ); Kera O. —scrotum (scrotum —PNA capsule MTZ); inguinal O. —regio inguinalis (regio inguinalis —PNA inguinal region MTZ); kurksztena R. —brachium (brachium —PNA 1. Zastas MTZ); nibré O. vulva (vulva —see pudendum femininum —PNA female external genitals MTZ); spine O. columna vertebralis (columna vertebralis — PNA stuburas MTZ); thigh O. — lumbar region (lumbar region — PNA lumbar region MTZ); uolektis R.-articulatio cubiti (articulatio cubiti —PNA elbow joint MTZ); védarai O. —intestina, entera (intestine —intestines, Intestine MTZ). The names of Medega diseases are presented in groups according to abundance. Infectious diseases: aptaka R. —abscessus? (abscess, abscess, abscess) drugys R. —febris intermittens (febris intermittens — intermittent fever in MTS); gan grina R. — gangrene (gangrene — gangrene, death of a body part MTZ); karbonka R.,karbunkulas O.-carbunculus (carbunculus —carbuncle, malignancy MTZ); karsztlige, sziltiné O., karsztiné R. — typhus abdominalis (typhus abdominalis — middle cold MTZ); ko lera R.cholera asiatica (cholera asiatica — MTZ cholera); hemorrhagic O., blood-borne R. dysenteria (dysentery—dysentery MTZ); residual O. epidemia, epizootia (epidemia = epidemic; epizootia = epizootic disease, spread of infectious animal disease in MTZ); maras O., pavietré R.—pestis (pestis — 1. maras MTZ); pakunés major R. —furunculus (furunculus —furunculus, hunvothe MTZ); O., R. —lyssa, hydrophobia (lyssa —Zr. rabies; hydrophobia —hydrophobia: 2. see rabies MTZ); pe r auga R. —panaritium (panaritium —panaritium, landuonis MTZ); pikutés, pakunés mažosios (pikuté = piktvoté 1., Sunvote, skaudé“ LKZ IX); B. tetanus (tetanus- -tetanus: 1. 106 tetanus MTZ); pustula maligna, anthra (pustula maligna —malignant pustula of anthrax; anthrax —1.anthrax MTZ); smallpox O. —leprosy (lepra —leprosy, leprosy MTZ); leprosy hell R.-anthra, pustula maligna (anthrax —1. anthrax; pustula maligna —anthrax malignancy MTZ); smallpox R. — variola vera (variola — smallpox MTZ); smallpox wind, chickenpox R.—variola (variola —see varioloidum —varioloid, mild smallpox MTZ); rose white R.-—phlegmone (phlegmone —phlegmona, abscess MTZ); rožė lekianczioji R. —? (? erysipelas migrans —wandering rose MTZ); rose red R. — erysipelas (erysipelas — rose MTZ); pain O—abscess (abscess- —abscess, abscess MTZ); szlaprychys R. — febris intermittens larvata (febris intermittens — intermittent fever; larvatus — see latens — latent, hidden FIV); measles O., scarlet fever R. — scarlet fever (scarlet fever — scarlet fever MTZ); szunvoté O.furunculus (furunculus —furunkulas, šunvotė MTŽ); valasnįkas R. —filiaria hominis? (Filaria, threadworm (family of parasitic worms of the nematode class); homo, inis —man MTZ); chicken pox (varicella, chickenpox) wolf R. —abscessus ani (abscessus —abscess, abscess; anus —anus, anal opening of the anus); - Fever? (fever —1. fever, fever MTZ). Skin diseases: angsztira R. —comedo (comedo —comedon, blackhead MTZ); mole R., moles O. -naevus (naevus —mole MTZ); dederviné R., diderviné O. lichen (lichen —1. med. lichen, and dermatophytic —pityriasis —pitiriazé MTZ); Crane biting R. —dermatitis? (dermatitis —dermatitis, inflammation of the skin MTZ); R. plica polonica (plica polonica — syn. plica MTZ); favus capillitis (favus capilliti — favus of the scalp MTZ); wart R., wart O. — verruca (verruca — wart MTZ); liszunis R. —? (tongue "disease of the toes, when the interdigital joints are shunted and there are sores in them" CID VII); scabies O.,„,scabies major R. — scabies (scabies — scabies MTZ); itching of O. titillatio; pruritus (titillatio – tingling; pruritus – itchiness in MTZ); damage of the liver R. —herpes labialis (herpes labialis—lip blister MTZ); nupūzkėjimas rura R. (nupūžkėti “to be covered with pimples, pimples” LKŽ X; 2nd edn. (l. rura, brus. pypa < german. Rohr, Rohre) "ass, ass, asshole" 107 LKŽ XI); pictszasziai R. —eczema scrophulosum (eczema —egrhoea capillitis (seborrhzema; scrophulosus — skrofuliozinis MTZ); pleiskanos O.-seboroea —seborrhea, increased secretion of sebaceous cija; capillitium, ii — galvos plaukai (jy visuma), furfur — 2. pleiskanos glandsMTZ); psoriasis R. —eczema (eczema —eczema MTZ); pusle O. —2) pustula (pustula —pustulé, pilinélis MTZ); putmena R. — oedema, anasarca (oedema — oedema, bleeding, swelling; anasarca — anasarca, swelling of the skin, swelling of the subcutaneous tissue MTZ); suskus, itch small R.scabies (scabies —itch MTZ); szasznagis R. — onychia, onyxis, paronychia (onychia — onychia, inflammation of the nail bed; onyxitis — see onychia; paronychia — paronychia, attack MTZ); O. —inflamatio, dermatitis erysipelosa (inflammatio —inflammation, inflammation; dermatitis —dermatitis, inflammation of the skin; erysipelatosus —pink MTZ); lice O., mandaviaszkos R.-morpiones, pediculi pubis (cf. morpio —see phthirius pubis —pubic lice, pediculus —1. utélé; pubes —PNA pubis, pubic hair MTZ). Surgery and traumatology: akstin O., aksztin’s R. — corpus alienum (corpus alienum —foreign MTZ); fall R. (apoptosis —apoptozé, iSkritimas; defluxio —defluction: 1. fall, effluvium —2. fall MTZ); kuila O., kula R. —hernia inguinalis (hernia inguinalis —kirksniné isvarfa MTZ); narinyczios R. —luxatio? (luxatio — dislocation, iSniring MTZ); Nikitas R.-? Nix O.-distortion (distortion —distortion, strain of the joint ligaments MTZ); burn painful fire R. —combustio (combustio —burn MTZ); paszinas (assula – pattern; sarculus – pattern, surculus – pattern MTZ); exposure to R. congelatio (congelatio — MTZ) cannon R. contusio (contusio —contusion, beating MTZ); subingrobial R.-prolapse of the anus (prolapse of the anus —prolapse of the anus); concussion of the limb R.contusio articulationis, distorsio (contusio —contiizija, sumuSimas; articulatio, onis —PNA articulation: 1. joint; distorsio —distortion, strain of the joint ligaments MTZ); concussion of the R.contusio thoracis (contusio —contusion, bruise; thorax, acis —PNA chest MTZ); baldness R.-combustio (combustio —burn MTZ); uSuffocation R.; asphyxia O. (asphyxia —asphyxia MTZ); aqueous O.hydrops ascites, anasarca (hydrops — aqueous; ascites — ascites, abdominal water; anasarca — anasarca, skin water, swelling of the subcutaneous tissue MTZ); 2000: The 2000-2001 season of R.—-pernio, congelatio (pernio —nozhvarba; 108 congelatio —nusalimas MTZ). Diseases of the nervous system: bubbling, bubble O. —pselismus, anarthria literalis, blaesitas (psellismus —see stammering —miction; anarthria —anarthria, inability to speak clearly, articulately, anarthria litteralis —letter anarthria MTZ); hoarseness of the throat R. —aphonia (aphonia —aphonia, absence of voice in MTZ); wandering O., wandering R. —delirium (delirium —delirium, delusion MTZ); crying R. —pavor nocturnus (pavor nocturnus —nocturnal fear MTZ); stupid O. —vertigo (vertigo —dizziness MTZ); mészlungis R — cramps, spasms (crampus —see spasms —cramps, spasms in MTZ); nebilysta O. —surdomutitas (surdomutitas —deafness MTZ); paralysis O.,metymas paralyzo R. —paralysis (paralysis —paralysis, loss of power to move MTZ); p usiausopa B.lumbago (lumbago —lumbago, thigh pain MTZ); thigh pain R. —lumbago (lumbago —lumbago, thigh pain MTZ); hoarseness O. —aphonia (aphonia —aphonia, absence of voice in MTZ); acute speech R. —aphasia (aphasia —aphasia, inability to speak MT Z); chronic disease R.-neuralgia spermatica (neuralgia spermatica —testicular neuralgia MTZ); speech cessation O.-aphasia (aphasia —aphasia, inability to speak MTZ); hiccups O. —singultus (singultus —hiccups MTZ); singing R. —singultus (singultus —hiccup MTZ). Gastrointestinal diseases: stone disease R. —termina ventris (tormina —bowel colic; venter, tris —abdomen MTZ); R. —ructitatio (ructatio —see eructatio —eructation, sourness, vomiting in MTZ); tuber R. —gastralgia, enteralgia; Gastritis (gastric pain; gastritis - gastritis, inflammation of the stomach MTZ); clin R. —enteroptosis (morbus Glenardi) (enteroptosis —enteroptozé, bowel dropping MTZ); passing O., passing R.-gastroptosis (gastroptosis —gastroptozé, stomach dropping MTZ); to the stable O., stable R. —ilens, volvulus, compress (ileus — gia — gastralgija, skrandžio skausmai; enteralgia — enteralgija, žarnų 109 ileus, intestinal obstruction; volvulus — intestinal compression; compressio — compression, compression MTZ); rémuo R. —pyrosa (pyrosis-burnt stomach MTZ); riaukséjimas, riaukcziojimas O., riaugulis R. —ructus, ructitatio (ructus —see eructatio —eructatio, sourness, erection MTZ); traukpirdé R. —proctospasmus? (proctospasmus —proctospasm, rectal constipation MTZ); tryda O., Zyvatas R. —enteritis follicularis (enteritis — enteritis, inflammation of the small intestine; enteritis follicularia — follicular enteritis MTZ); t riz na O. diarrhoea (diarrhoea MTZ); uzpavietrijimas R. —dyspepsia interalgia? (dyspepsia —dyspepsia, digestive disorder MTZ); vomiting O., R. — vomiting, vomiting (vomiting — vomiting; vomiting — vomiting, vomiting MTZ); diarrhea O. —enteritis catarrhalis, diarhoea (enteritis —enteritis, inflammation of the small intestine; catarrhalis —catarrhal; diarrhoea —diarrhea, diarrhea MTZ). Ear, throat and nose diseases: tinnitus, ringing in the ears (sonitus aurium —ringing in the ears MTZ); deafness O.,deafness of the ears R. —surditis (surditis —deafness MTZ); tes — Whistling Carcass; rhonchi sonori — sparkling carp; stertos, oris —stertoras; waterfall MTZ); springuli R. —laryngitis (see laryngitis —laryngitis, laryngitis MTZ); O.catarrhus nasi, rhinitis catarrhalis (see catarrhus — catarrh, inflammation of the karkulis R. —rhonchi sibilantes et sonores; stertor (rhonchi sibilanmucous membrane; nasus, i — PNA nose; rhinitis — rhinitis, runny nose; catarrhalis — catarrhal MTZ); R. febris catarrhalis, influenza? (fever —1. fever, fever; catarrhalis —catarrhal; influenza —influenza, influenza MTZ); B. catarrhus nasi, rhinitis catarrhalis (catarrhus — catarrh, inflammation of the mucous membrane; nasus, i — PNA nose; rhinitis — rhinitis, runny nose; catarrhalis — catarrhal MTZ); smauginyczia O. -1) diphtheria angina; 2) angina phlegmonosa (angina diphtherica — diphtheria angina; phlegmonosus — phlegmon, sickle cell MTZ); Smurf R.ozaena? (ozone, odorous rhinitis MTZ; ozone, odorous rhinitis, odorous nose ME II). Gynecology and obstetrics: childbirth R. —partus, puerperium (partus —birth; puerperium —postpartum period MTZ); p a defect O. —abortus (abortus —abort: 1. miscarriage, removal of the fetus; 2. premature (preterm birth); 3. temporary nutrition 110 (pathological or normal process) MTS); preeclampsia B. (eclampsia, seizures in MTZ); sukie tation of breastfeeding women R. -mastitis (mastitis —mastitis, inflammation of the breast MTZ); antdrapanés O.-menstrua, katamenia (menstrua —zr. menstruatio —menstruation, menstrual; catamenia —Zr. menstruatio MTZ); ménesiné white R. — leucorrhoea (leucorrhoea — see fluor albus — white MTZ); monthly red R. —metrorrhagia (metrorrhagia —metrorrhagia, uterine bleeding MTZ); m é nesiné uzvétrita R. —amenorrhoea (amenorrhoea —amenorrhea, absence of menstruation MTZ). Mental illnesses: inflammation of the ariel R.-alcoholismus acutus (alcoholismus —alcoholism; acute — acute (about the disease) drunkenness O.-alcoholismus chronicus (alcoholism —alcoholism; chronicus — chronic, chronic, long-term MTZ; chronic alcoholism —zr. chronic alcoholism; chronic alcoholism (alcoholismus chronicus TPTZ); besotis R. —bulimia, akoria (bulimia —bulimia, wolf hunger; acoria —achoria, besotysté¢ MTZ); testimony R.-melancholia (melancholia —melancholia MTZ); naktinyczios R. — somnambulismus (somnambulismus —somnambulism, nattiness MTZ); nuomarius R.,nuomirys, nuomirulis O. —epilepsia (epilepsia —epilepsia, nuomaris MTZ); Hangover O., Hangover R. (hangover TPTZ); confusion of mind R. Eye diseases: eye covering R. —keratitis (keratitis —keratitis, inflammation of the cornea MTZ); eye covering O. cataracta (cataracta —cataract, lens clouding MTZ); eye disease R.-conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis —conjunctivitis, inflammation of the conjunctiva MTZ); conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis —conjunctivitis, inflammation of the conjunctiva MTZ); barley O., mildew R.-hordeolum (hordeolum —barley, purulent inflammation of the sebaceous gland at the edge of the eyelid MTZ); visztakis O., visztupis R.hemeralopia (hemeralopia —hemeralopia, chicken eye, night blindness MTZ); asthenophia, myopia (asthenopia —asthenopia, visual weakness; myopia —myopia, short-sightedness MTZ). Respiratory diseases: dziova O.-phthisis pulmonum? (phthisis —p. 1. cf. tuberculosis —tuberculosis, dryness; pulmo, onis —PNA lung MTZ); cough R. —cough (cough —cough MTZ); plau ra, ankštaras, ankštera, ankšteris, ankštiras LKŽ I); 111 besotis R. — bulimia, akoria (cf. besote, besotybė, besotystė, besotiškumas, besotumas LKŽ I); ridge R. (see ridge, ridge LKŽ II); hemorrhagic O.-dysentery (see hemorrhagic ICD VI); O.epilepsia (cf. nuomaris, nuomirinis, nuomirlis, nuomirnis LKŽ VIII) etc. ir Some words should be distinguished, which in the Lithuanian language dictionary do not have the same meanings as the words presented in Medega, e.g.: gružas R. — arthralgia, chirargia, omodynia, omalgia (cf. 'gružas 1. ‘noograuža, graužtukas’, 2. ‘debris’, 3. see debris 1 zool. ‘small fish of the carp family’, 4. „kietžemis, įžemis“, but near is 'grižas 1. “pain in a sore or overworked joint with a crackling sound; slice, cutting” LKŽ III); Fool R.—amnesia? (cf. foolish “stupidity” LKZ VI); nibré O. —vulva (cf. 'nibrė 1. ‘snout (mostly pigs)’; 2. ‘nose, nose’; 3. "overrun, jumping over one branch, following a rope" LKŽ VIII); Smurf R. —ozaena? (cf. smurglys see smurgas; smurgas 1. „snarglys“ LKZ XIII); uolektis R.-articulatio cubiti (cf. uolektis 1. „length measure..- .“; 2. „tool for measuring length“; 3. „antique human head dimensions“; 4. „horns of a snake“ LKŽ XVII). Medega contains words not recorded in the Lithuanian language dictionary, e.g.: traukpirdė R. —proctospasmus? ; kurksztena R. —brachium (i.e. 1. arm) (cf. kukštera 1. “the upper part of the back at the neck, intercostal; back, hump” in LKZ VI); Drigan disease R.-? ; padmotai R.-tylosiscallosis; skurmunt’s R.-scorbutus. There are many non-fixed and word combinations, e.g.: akių užvilkimas R., akių užvėrijimas R., dantų užrūgimas R., gerklės užkimšimas R., liežuvio liga R., plaučių uždegimas R., ugnies prisiminti O., vyriška liga R., ir kt. The majority of the terms in the glossary are single words — 78.3%. Most of them are Lithuanian. Many Lithuanian terms are common words, e.g.: elbow, wart, pancreas, lichen, kirmelės, hump, barley, lungs, muscle, neck, cancer, cheek, etc. Many Lithuanian monosyllabic terms are Vedic, mostly adverbs: -ing (action 118 names), e.g.: fainting, bubbling, wandering, numbness, (names of pagaravimas, pasiutimas, užtroszkimas, viduriavimas ir kt.; -ulys / -ulis the result of the action), e.g.: cziaudulys, digulis, drebulys, gos -inė has five kosulys, kvaitulys, nuomirulis, ražulis, skaudulys, žiogulis ir kt.; priesaderivatives, e.g.: sziltinė, vandeninė, gimtynė, and -umas, -utė, -lys have two derivatives, e.g.: liudnumas, pikutės, dieglys, etc. ; Some adverbs have only one derivative, e.g.: idiot, drunkenness, crying, susna, putmena, leprosy, etc. Žodynėlyje yra keliolika galūnių darybos daiktavardžių, pvz.: mirys, priemetis, prietvaris, žlibis; džiova, aptaka, kanona, priepuola, etc., and only three prefix beir subordinates, e.g.: besotis, pažastis, pažandės. In addition, there are several dozen puncture, e.g.: stone disease, jaundice, fever, spinal cord, bone, baldness, tooth pain, saliva, sausglela. In addition to Lithuanian terms, Medega contains borrowed ones, e.g. gangrena, gniusas, cholera, paralyžius, szankeris, szkarletina, triperas, macica, mandaviaszkos, prancai, valasnįkas, žyvatas, etc., and hybrids, e.g. drigantligė, krupligė, naktinyczios, narinyczios, smauginyczia, etc. There are only 2,190 compound terms, mostly two-word ones, in Medego. More than half of them are compounds of the incompatible sign, e.g.: eye covering, steam sweeping, heartache, fire casting, tongue disease, winter fever, hell leprosy, tongue stinging, etc. Compounds of the alignment certificate are much rarer. Signs are expressed by nominative adjectives, e.g.: cough long, scabies small, rose white, half ugly, etc., but there are some signs expressed by adjectives with suffixes -inis and -iškas, e.g.: strėninis duglis, vandens liga, vyriszka liga, etc. Found only two three-word terms, e.g.: burning of painful fire, hardening of croup women. In terms of meaning, the terminology of Medega is quite broad and very diverse. Often, two or three synonymous terms are used for one disease. In the words of Dr. J. Basanavičius himself, Lithuanians know almost all diseases and have their own, Lithuanian, words to name them. Thus, Medega’s terms are more Lithuanian, more folk, more lively than current scientific medical terms. 119 Comparing Medega with the data of the Lithuanian language dictionary, it is clear that most of the words are widely used, but there are also narrowly used words (or their meanings) and word combinations not fixed in the Lithuanian language dictionary. Most of Medega is simple words. The Vedic and Punctuated forms correspond to the forms of word formation, and therefore of term formation, of the present Lithuanian language. Although Medega musu tautiszkai farmacija was published at the end of the 19th century, it is significant for the history of Lithuanian medical terminology and undoubtedly has a lasting value, especially today, when Lithuanian terms are often overshadowed by foreign words. A distinctive feature of the booklet is the Lithuanianness of the terms. So it would be worth our doctors to pay attention to this. SOURCES 1KZ -~ Lithuanian Language Dictionary 1-20, Vilnius, 1941-2000. ME —Medicinos enciklopedija 1-2, Vilnius, 1991, 1993. MTZ —Medical Terms Dictionary, Vilnius, 1980. TPTZ —A Short Dictionary of Psychiatric Terms, Vilnius, 1996. LITTERATUR Album 1937: Picture album of the Lithuanian Revival Patriarch Dr. Jonas Basanavičius with biography, Kaunas. Autobiography 1936: Dr. Jono Basanavičiaus autobiography, Vilnius. 1994: Jonas Basanavičius, doctor and scientist, Vilnius. Bibliography 1985: Bibliography of the Lithuanian SSR: Books in Lithuanian [1862-1904] 2 (1), Vilnius. Česnys G. 2001: Jonas Basanavičius at the origins of Lithuanian medical nomenclature. —Science and Life 11, 16-17. Medega 1898: Medega our native pharmacies, Shenandoah. PA. Nezabitauskis A. 1990: Jonas Basanavičius, Vilnius. 1992: Bulgaria. Basanavičius. Lithuania, Vilnius city. 120 DOCTOR JONAS BASANAVIČIUS AND HIS MEDEGA MUSU TAUTISZKAI VAISTINYKYSTAI (MATERIAL FOR OUR NATIONAL MEDICINE) Summary The article discusses the dictionary of folk medicine Medega musu tautiszkai vaistinykystai (Material for our national medicine) written in Varna (Bulgaria) in 1898 by the patriarch of Lithuanian national rebirth doctor Jonas Basanavičius (1851-1927- ). The terms in this dictionary are discussed according to their meaning and expression and compared to contemporary dictionaries Medicinos terminų žodynas (Dictionary of medical terms) and Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (Dictionary of Lithuanian language- ). An abundance of terms is the characteristic feature of names of infectious, skin, nervous and alimentary canal diseases and also surgery and traumatology. Basanavičius' terminology is more Lithuanian and popular than contemporary scientific terminology of medicine, which is too internationalized. In respect of expression, the majority of terms are one-word terms. Many Lithuanian terms are common words, for instance, drugys, plautis, vilkas. Ouite a large part of Lithuanian one-word terms are derivates. There are some borrowings and hybrids. The number of complex terms is significantly smaller. After comparing terms from Medega with terms in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas, the conclusion is drawn that the majority of words from Medega are widely used, although there are some words (or their meanings) and some word-combinations, which are narrowly spread and not fixed. Therefore, Medega is important for the history of Lithuanian medical terminology and it undoubtedly still has value today, because its exceptional and main feature is the Lithuanian origin of most of its terms. Palmira ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ Received 2002-10-07 Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-2055 Vilnius Email: [email protected] 121