Individualieji L. Ivinskio „Lenkų–žemaičių kalbų žodyno“ ir „Prigimtūmenės“ augalų vardai

Laurynas Ivinskis Lietuvių kalbos institutas (1810-1881), along with Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėža, is considered to be one of the first Lithuanian creators of terms in the natural sciences, especially botany. Most of his works, in which he introduced Lithuanian botanical terms, remained unprinted, including the manuscripts of the Polish-Zemaitian Dictionary and Prigimtimenés. The manuscript of the Polish-Zmudzki dictionary (Stownik polsko-zmudzki) is the largest of the surviving manuscripts of two bilingual and one quadrilingual dictionary. It covers the letters A-R and has 2060 pages. The manuscript is kept in the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków. The exact date when this dictionary was prepared is unknown, but from Ivinskis’ letters it can be inferred that the author wrote it around the end of 1862 or 1863 (see Ivinskis 1995: 465-467). Ivinskis included a number of nomenclatural names in botany, zoology, and mineralogy in the dictionary, and in many places he also provided Latin equivalents. The dictionary contains over 350 names of plants, mostly of their genera (see Auksoriūtė 1999: 22—33). The manuscript of Prigimtiimené, like the aforementioned dictionary, is kept in Krakow, and the draft version of the first part and its Lithuanian, Latin, Polish and German equivalents are in the manuscript library of the Lithuanian Literature and Folklore Institute. In the first part of this manuscript Žemėmina Ivinskis gives a description of mineralogical subjects, where besides the Lithuanian term he gives the Latin, Polish and sometimes German equivalent. The second part, Žolėmina, is a systematic nomenclature of fungi and plants, containing Lithuanian names of 218 families and more than 2520 genera and their Latin, Polish and German equivalents. The author also compiled alphabetical indexes of all languages (see Jankevičius, Jankevičienė 1962: 151-163; Auksoriūtė 1998: 102-110). 135 Although the Polish-Samoyed Languages Dictionary and Prigimtūmenė are works of different nature, the first is a translation dictionary, the second is a scientific work, the names of plants presented in them can be compared, because the Latin equivalents given in the dictionary allow the identification of Lithuanian names. The article examines the ir comparative names of plants given in both works by L. Ivinskis, since the popular names of plants usually do not differ. The names of about 80 plants included in both Ivinsky's manuscripts were compared. All of them can be divided into two groups: 1) the same names for the same plants are given in the Dictionary and in Prirodniimené and 2) different names for plants, i.e. the same plant is named in the Dictionary in one way and in Prirodniimené in another. The first group of plant names comprises about 54% of the names compared. These names are quite varied in terms of the work, mostly are derivatives of prepositions, for example: -ainis: lot. Arrhenatherum, left. 1998. pp. 161. "Wysypka, awižajnis —ovižainis (: aviža) Z VIII 1619, P 125, plg. avižuolė BV Ž 1998: 41; lot. Commelina, left. 2002. pp. 137. "Zwiedra" LKŽ 2002 Ž VII 1373, P 130; lot. Mesembryanthemum, left. Przypoludnik,spugajnis ~ spūgainis (: spūgas „spuogas“) Ž VIII 1467, P 186, plg. pluoštagėlė BVZ 1998: 195; lot. Silybum, turn left. Ostropest, pstrost, margajnis —margainis (: margas) Ž VIII 1557, P 253, cf. margainis BV Ž 1998: 277. -enis: lot. "Dactylis glomerata L.". Rinigczka, psia trawa Z, niestrawa P, piewénis ~ pievenis (: pieva) Z VIII 1551, 1553, P 125, plg. lot. Dactylis glomerata, SunaZolé Iv, Min, sin. pamienis Iv St LBZ 1938: 115, sunazolé BVZ 1998: 107; lot. Lrythronium, left. Psi zab Ž, srzewnik P, skajsténis ~ blondenis (: skaistus) Ž VIII 1551, P 134, cf. eritronis BVŽ 1998: 126; lot. Smyrnium, left. Przewloka, gardoklėnis ~ gardoklenis (: gardoklis) Ž VII 1379, P 196 (the reference word of this Vedic is another name of the plant given by Ivinski —gardoklis, Latin Angelica Archangelica Ž 11 245). -one: lot. Methonica, left. 1596, P 133; Pysznokwiat, wdziekostawa Ž, stebuklėnė ~ stebuklené (: miracle) Z VIII 1596, P 133; lot. Saponaria, Lenk. Psie gożdziki Z, mydlnica, mydtownik P. mujléné ~ muilenė (: soap) Ž VIII 1551, P 182, plg. putoklis BVZ 1998: 267; lot. Isopyrum, lenk. Przyjemka, zdrojowka, rautėnė ~ rautenė (: rautas) Z 136 VII 1425, P 161, plg. bligna BVZ 1998: 164. Some Vedic words are made with very rare suffixes (-minys, -menis, -minis, -minys, -Enis, -etis, -ētras, etc.). Chara, turn left. 1622) 1696 – John of Gaunt, 9th Earl of Marlborough (b. c. 1938: 83, maurabragis BVZ 1998: 81: lot. "Potamogeton natans". Rdestnica, wrzecznica Ž, wrzecznik, wodnica, rdestnica P. wandminis ZVI 1636,wandminis ~ vandminys (: vanduo) P 119, plg. lot. Potamogeton natans, floating float, sin. plaudenės Iv LBZ 1938: 277; lot. Diospyros, lat. Przyspora, niedmiinis ~ niedmiinis (: black) Ž VII 1497, P 216, cf. persimonas; blackwood BVŽ 1998: 114; lot. Cynoglossum (Cynoglossum officinale 7), left. Psi jezvk, lézmiinis ~ lezmiinys (: lezti,nuvytus gulti, leipti (about plants)“ DūnŽ 1976: 174) Z VIII 1551, P 233, cf. sunliele BVZ 1998: 106; lot. Helichrysum. left. Radostka, suchokwiat P, sausūmēnis ~ sausiemenis (: sausas) Ž VIII 1614, P 255, cf. slamutis BVZ 1998: 150; lot. Albuca, turn left. 1562) 1562 – Paul II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. Erineum, left. Rdzawnik, rudi čtras —rudėtras (: rudas) Z. VIII 1637, P 48 and others. Kiek mažiau pasitaiko priešdėlių (pa-, san-, ap-) vedinių, pvz.: lot. Cycas, left. 1998. pp. 104. "Rdzenica, pūwerbė ~ paverbė (: verba) Z VIII 7, P 143, plg. cikas BVŽ 1998: 104; lot. Cynometra, left. Psia rozga Ž, Otretwa P, papienis ~ papienis (: milk) Ž VIII 1551, P 211; lot. Eranthis, turn left. Rannik, sanwasaris Z VIII 1625, sgnwasaris — sanvasaris (: vasara) P 161, cf. erantis BVZ 1998: 124; lot. Majanthemum, left. Pstroczek, padziaugsmis ~ padzZiaugsmis (: dZiaugsmas) Z VIII 1556, P 131, plg. Majinthemum bifélium, medusa, sin. miejiigas Iv LBZ 1938: 210. One derivative of the limb found: lot. Cunonia, Lenk. Radziliszek, ap rajzgis ~ apraizgis (: apraizgė) Ž VIII 1616, P 188 and one duryn: lot. Euphorbia, left. Dog milk, wilczomlecz lancetowaty Ž, Ostromlecz P, kdartpiené ZVIIL1551- ,kartpiéné ~ kartpiené (: kartus + pienas) P 150, plg. carpazole, sin. kartpiené Iv LF 1971: 580. The conjugation in the name of this group is unclear, because the base of the conjugation is unknown, e.g.: lat. Atraphaxis, left. Raci¢znica, Ajszmas 137 Z VIII 1607, aixmas ~ aixmas P 157; lot. Banksia, left. Pyszlin, scrubbe- ~ rs scrubbers Ž, VIII 1595, P 155; lot. Bupleurum, left. You're dancing. Z VII 1375, dances — lanches P 192, plg. freshwater BVŽ 1998: 59: lot. Coldenia, turn left. Rociag, stramas ~ stramas 7. VIII 1607, P 234: lot. Excaccaria (Excaecaria agalocha L.) 7), The Tree of Paradise Z, Slepin, Slepodreum P, arassas rojiszkasis Ž VIII 1620, araszas ~ araSas P 150; lot. Farce, Berteroa, Lent. Pyleniec, plejnis ~ pleinis Z VIII 1591, P 176, ‘plg. Berteroa incdna, gray-headed buck Iv LBZ 1938: 48, multinaité BVZ 1998: 51: lot. Fedia, turn left. Rapunzel fucks a ~ woman Z VIII 1629, P 252; lot. Ocnanthe, left. Prewtoka, ilksnis ~ ilksnis Z VII 1379, P 192, plg. Oendnthe aquatica Iv LBZ 1938: 237, isné BVZ 1998: 208; lot. Ornithopus, left. Prassownik, sanstris Z VIII 1562, sąnstris ~ sanstris P 208, plg. Ornithopus sativus Iv, son. Saradelle Iv LBZ 1938: 241, seradélé BVZ 1998: 211; lot. Valerianella, left. Raphanus sativus ~ 7. VIII 1627, P 252, plg. Valerianélla olitoria, sultené Iv, Min LBZ 1938: 365, sultene BVŽ 1998: 307. Dictionary ir The same names for the same plants are given in the natural history without any difference in form or spelling, only one other name differs by a diacritical mark. Iš The group discussed now uses only one Ivinsky's reworked margainis for the same lot. For the genus Silybum (see section 4.4). LBŽ 1938: 323 ir BVŽ 1998: 277). If there had been printed even one mentionediš tų Ivinskio works, perhaps new jo ones, whose motivation is clear, would have survived more, When ir compiling the Lithuanian botany dictionary was not used mentioned Ivinskio manuscripts, plant names taken from jo the calendar iš ir Cassium Green received others Irving's manuscripts. After reviewing į LBŽ would include synonyms lų of Ir botanical names, it can be noted that there are other names for some of the already mentioned plants Ivinsky's names than in the manuscripts in question, e.g.: šunažolė, išnė, sultenė, miltinaitė, seradėlė, which are used in the current botanical nomenclature ir (see section 4.4). BVŽ 1998). The four iš mentioned names - isnie, miltinaitė, sultenė, šunažolė — are probably Ivinsky derivativo es, fifth name loan — (see also section 4.4). Matulionis 1907: 12, 23, 60). There's still time. Irving's Names LBŽ are presented as synonyms, e.g.: graudelė (lot. It is not ir used in 138 the current nomenclature. And only one of Ivinsky’s novelties of the group in question is given in LBZ as a synonym- —kartpienė. The origin of many of the second group of plant names, i.e. tu, which differ in the Polish-Žemaitian dictionary and in the Prirodniimené, is also unclear, e.g.: lat. Aulax, turn left. Rososna, dromienis ~ dromėnis Ž IX 1722, plintras ~ plyntras P 154; lot. Race, turn left. Rzemienica, jėrkūjnis ~ jerkainis Ž X 2046,sajtuwas ~ sailuvas P 155; lot. Epacris, turn left. 2018-01-01. "S.P.A.R.- T.E.R.S.E.- R.S.E.R.S.- E.R.S.E.R.- S.E.R.S.E.- R.S.E.R.S.- E.R.S.". Himantallia, Lenk. 2016. pp. 206. Not to be confused with the 1946 version of the 1946-1947 season of the National Hockey League (NHL), which was called the 1946–47 season. Onosma, Lenk. 2007.liėsmuo ~ liesmuo P 233; lot. Umbilicus pendulinus. Wind gust, giniawas ~ gyniavas Z. X 2041, lot. Umbilicus, left. Narrow-leaved nasturtium, étkras —elkras P 187; lot. Sisyrinchium, left. Ryjaczek, jėlis ~ jelis Ž X 2027,sąnrinklis ~ sąnrinklis P 136, cf. caterpillar BVZ 1998: 278 and others. The specified plants, with the exception of the latter, are not included in either the LBZ or the BVZ. When comparing the different names given in the works in question for the same plant, it can be observed that most of the times the names created by Ivinsky are completely different. The names of the plants, whose construction is clear, differ both in the base word and in the construction formant, only a few names can be linked together. Dictionary of Lot. Nasturtium, left. Rūkiew is named gdrstis ~ garstis Z X 2003, 0 The prepositional derivative pagarstis —pagarstis P 161 is presented in the Naturalis, the base word of which is probably the name of this plant given in the Dictionary (see the frame BVZ 1998: 203). On the contrary, lot. Thalictrum, left. Rutewka —In the dictionary the derivative rūtmetič ~ rūtmetė Z. X 2017, the basis of which may be considered the suffix -m16 vedini riūtiniė —riitme P 161, given in Prigimtūmenė to name this plant (see vingiris, syn. rūtnicės Iv LBZ 1938: 344). There are two other names for the plant, which are based on the same base words: lat. Agrimonia, left. Rzepik, twilkietris ~ tvilkėtris (: tvilkės + -etris) Ž X 2048 and twilkéné ~ tvilkenė (: tvilkės + -enė) P 203 (cf. lat. Agrimonia Eupatéria, dirvuolė gydūnė, syn. tvilkės Iv, St LBŽ 1938: 11, dirvuolė BVZ 1998: 22); lot. Cakile, turn left. Rukwiel, beaker 139 —snapeinis (: snapas + -einis) Z X 2005 and snapėtis ~ snapotis St LBZ 1938: 60, stoklė BVZ 1998: 60). Some (: snapas + -otis) P 178 (plg. lot. Cdkile maritima, pajūrinė stokle Iv, of the names of different plants are clear in one manuscript of Ivinsky, while the names given in the other manuscript are more difficult to trace or not at all clear. Some examples of plant names with a clearer pronunciation in the dictionary: lot. Marchantia, turn left. 1225, iwajris ~ yvairis P 99, plg. maršantija BVZ 1998: 190; lot. Onobrychis, Lenk. 2016. pp. 209. "Rzesnia, dobiliénis ~ dobilénis (: dobilas + -énis) Ž X 2050, szitbrunis ~ Silbrunis P 209. plg. lot. Onobrichis viciaefolia, a seedling. Sin. jungenés Iv, St, sparceta Iv LBZ 1938: 238, esparcetas BVZ. 1998: 209; lot. Peganum, left. 2017) 2017 – The 100 Greatest Rock Bands of All Time, 2017 – The 100 Greatest Rock Bands of All Time, 2017 – The 100 Greatest Rock Bands of All Time, 2017 – The 100 Greatest Rock Bands of All Time, 2017 – The 100 Greatest Rock Bands of All Time, 2017 – The 100 Greatest Rock Bands of All Time, 2017. Sium, turn left. Potocznik, upénis ~ upenis (: upė + -enis) Ž VII 1249, tantéklis ~ lanteklis P 192, plg. drégmené Iv LBŽ 1938: 324, drégmené, sin. lanteklis Iv LF 1976: 61; lot. Jacquinia, left. Rozwdzigcznia, see djstra ~ skaistra (: skaistus + -ra) Ž X 1981, jokiinis ~ jokūnis P 218 and others. The latter plant is not included in either LBZ, neither in BVZ. Plant names with a clearer Prirodniimencje, e.g.: lat. Celastrus, left. Rošlidlawa, dajgonis ~ daigonis (: daigoti "destroy, kill" + -onis) P 213,rūrwienis ~ rūtvėnis (?: rūtva + -ēnis) Ž IX 213, cf. smaugikas BVZ 1998: 74: lot. Gallagher, Len. Rutwica, žirnūklas —žirnūklas (: žirnis + -ūklas) P 207, rūtwajnis ~ rūtvainis (: rūtva + -ainis, $io derivative base word probably taken following the Polish equivalent) Z X 2017, cf. lat. Galéga officinalis, medicinal goat's breast, sin. LBZ 1938: 149, BVZ 1998: 137; lot. Isotes, lenk. 1998. pp. 163. "Rypina, panariinis ~ panariinis (: pa-+ narinas) P 116, skąndūnis ~ skandinis Ž X 2032, cf. slepiserée BVZ, 1998: 163; lot. Magnolia, Lenk. Rozwon, didéné ~ didené (: didis + -ené) P 163, žiėgris ~ Ziegris Z X 1993, cf. magnolija BVZ 1998: 187; lot. Restio, left. Rzesé, pramaudis ~ pramaudis (: pra-+ maudai, zr. 129, riēzgis ~ riezgis Ž X 2049, cf. restijas BVZ 1998: 251; lot. "Lathyrus Nissolia". Rydzyn, razuwas ~ raZuvas (: raZas + rintis rintis 140 -grapes) P 209, ~ Ž, X 2025, plg. lot. Lathyrus, pea, sin. Pastry Iv, pea Iv LBZ. 1938: 191; lot. Callitriche, left. Rzęsl, crochet ~ crochet (2 diving + -tis) P 199, dsztwié — aštvė Ž X 2050, plg. past Iv LBZ 1938: 63; lot. Elate, left. Roskawa, sk laying ~ spreads (: spread + -tvs) P 128,gichitr- ~ es giteres Ž IX 1719 ir kt The latter plant is not included in LBZ and BVZ. The current botanical nomenclature does not use one nė The second group is iš discussed in Ivins's re-design, but the three mentioned plants are now called stokle by Ivins's composed names. — (lot. Cakile), The weather this weekend (lot. Onobrychis) ir prunus (lot. Callitriche), which were presented vo in the ne Dictionary ir ne In the nature o name, in other jo writings. Comparison Ivinskii Lietuviy-Zemaiciy language dictionary ir In the manuscripts of Prirodoslovie, jo the names of plants given by him are clearly visible, that almost half of the plants in one manuscript he gave one name, in another another. o — Why this happened, it is difficult to say. Nature Ivinskis wrote somewhat later than the Dictionary, and in Prigimtūmena be he classified plants by distinguishing taxonomic categories, so, when harmonizing them, he may have changed his opinion on some of the previously used plant genus names in order to clarify them and improve them. ar LITTERACY IR SOURCES Auksoriūtė A. 1998: Laurynas Ivinskis' manuscripts in Kraków. — Terminology 5, 102-110. Auksoriūtė A. 1999: "Laurynas Ivinskis's dictionary terminology". — Lituanistica 2(38), 22— 33. BVŽ 1998: Dictionary of Botanical Names. South. R. Jankevičienė, Vilnius. DinZ 1976: V. Vitkauskas. The Northeast Indian Languages Dictionary, Vol. Ivinskis L. 1995: Writings. South. R. Mikšytė, Vilnius. Jankevičius K., Jankevičienė R. 1962: Some new data on L. Ivinskis works in the field of Lithuanian botany terminology. — Questions of botany 2, 151— 163. LBŽ 1938: Dictionary of Botanical Names, Red. J. Dagys, Kaunas. LF 1071: Flora of Lithuania 4, Vilnius. LF 1976: Lietuvos flora 5, Vilnius. LKŽ 2002: English to Lithuanian dictionary 20, Vilnius. Matulionis P. 1907: Grass: The Lithuanian Plant ir Dictionary, Vilnius. 141 P: Prigimtūmenė (Prigimtuménd, turentė sawieje dalykus žemies, zoliun and giwunun with display of an warting), manuscript. Z: Lithuanian=Žemaičių kalbų žodynas (Stownik polsko-žmudzki), manuscript. INDIVIDUAL NAMES OF PLANTS IN L. IVINSKIS’ | LENKU-ZEMAICIU KALBŲ ŽODYNAS AND PRIGIMTŪMENĖ Summary This article deals with the names of plants of individual word-formation presented in two manuscripts —Lenkų-žemaičių kalbų žodynas (Polish-Samogitian Dictionary) (about 1863) and a scientific work Prigimtūmenė (Nature) (1870). About 80 individual names included into both manuscripts are compared. Similarity of Lithuanian names given in both manuscripts is shown by Latin equivalents, All Įvinskis' terms of individual word-formation which have been compared can be distributed into two groups: 1) the same names used to name the same plants in both the dictionary and Prigimtiimené, 2) different plant names —i. In the dictionary and Prigimtitmenė the same plant is named differently. Names of the first group make about 54 “6 of the compared names. In respect of word-formation names arc quite different, most of them arc suffix derivates and the way of formation of about one quarter of them is not clear, because the underlying word is not known. Comparison of different names for naming the same plant in the dictionary and in Prigimtivmené shows that those names are entirely different. Word-formation of most of them 1s not clear and these, which have a clear word-formation pattern, have a different underlying word and a different formant. It is difficult to say why Ivinskis gave different names in the two manuscripts to almost a half of plants. Prigimtiimené was written later than the dictionary. In Prigimtitmené he classified plants according to taxonomy categories, so it is possible that he had changed his opinion when trying to co-ordinate names of these categories or to improve and to make plant names more accurate. Albina AUKSORIUTE Received 2003-10-31 P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-2055 Vilnius E-mail [email protected] Lietuvių kalbos institutas 142