Terminas prie termino. II

COMMENTS, CONSIDERATIONS, SUGGESTIONS, DETAILS DEADLINE BY DEADLINE. II Suitcase, suitcase, luggage If the question arises, why there is no Russian suitcase in the revisions of John Jablonski, it is necessary to understand what language contacts and flows of borrowings were in Lithuania and beyond more than a century ago. Unfortunately, our lexicography is very poor here. LKZ II, 1947 gives the suitcase from Suvalkija —Geistarų and Keturvalakių, the suitcase — from Panevėžys, and LKZ II, 1969 adds nothing. In the first booklet of the Lithuanian written language vocabulary advice — in the 1907 dictionary of foreign and incomprehensible words by Jurgis Šlapelis, the word suitcase is presented as incomprehensible and interpreted as... foreign understandable — valizas (l.), čemodanas (r.) SNŽŽ 1907. We could assume that even earlier in the Polish-speaking Marijampole Jablonski had to learn the Polish word waliza, walizka, walizeczka, especially since this international word of French origin (valise < Italian valigia) was then familiar to the Russian language, which Jablonski studied at the gymnasium. In the 1897 printed story of Vincas Pietaris Keidošių Onutė the suitcase is used V. Piet RR 1973 175, 177 (4x), 178 (3x). In the autobiography of Jonas Basanavičius My chronicle of life and the history of nervous disease. In 1851—1922 about 1906 it is written: On 26th of October I had to lift a heavy suitcase —tachycardia immediately appeared — J. Basan MGK 1997 188. The suitcase was fixed by Antanas Lelis (Lalis) LeLieŽ 1919. As early as 1923 in satire Maironis wrote to some of them: "Oh, you rascals, gang of bastoners! /Diplomated suitcase trolleys! Mair R 1 1987 169) —here the suitcase is not 1. ‘passenger baggage’; and 2. “a suitcase sealed in a certain way by a diplomatic courier and inviolable by customs” TŽZ 1936. In TŽZ 1936 there is both suitcase —“lockable travel box for storing things”, and suitcase (tot.) —“small leather or fabric box, travel suitcase- ”, so there is almost no standardization here, although suitcase —marked foreignness —fot. (i.e. Tatars). And standardization began earlier: čemodan (Russian: čemodan) — luggage; Valizka (Polish: walizka) —bagaminas KL 1933. It seems that the suitcase was more of a problem for the norm-setters: “What to replace the suitcase? "This glory we can best exchange for our suitcase- ." This is a widely used word in the Žemaičių dialektas and means not only passenger luggage, but also the German. 1936. pp. 113. "Reisegepčick, rus. tiuk, ale i kufą" (in German). KP 1939, prepared by L. Dambrauskas, edited by 137 A. Salis and P. Skardžius, edited by both: valizka (Polish) —bagaminas; Suitcase (Russian: čemodan) — a suitcase. These standardization results are maintained in LKRŽ 1948 — there is no suitcase here, although, in addition to a suitcase, there is a suitcase. The suitcase is also DZ 1954 —1. ‘a sealed diplomatic courier bag which is inviolable’- ;’; to anyone 2. "bagaminas, suvenyras"? In 1954, the word lagmina was first introduced as a common language word, but it seemed to be incomprehensible without the suitcase —1. “a travel box for storing things; čemodanas“: the suitcase has another meaning —with the note šnek. (actually equivalent pronunciation) —„all the moving things (clothes, rags, things); bunch of things“: He left with his suitcase. They loaded the whole suitcase into one carriage. And the suitcase DZ 1954 has no normative limitations (neither Zr, nor etc.) —“box with handle for carrying things on the road; luggage’. It was just necessary — not to norm, it is easier for us, no need to try! The poet Justinas Marcinkevičius (a Lithuanianist!) failed fatal—in his poem Twentieth Spring (1956) many students read with pleasure: At the dorm door /Cemodanas and Kairys. Oh, how many suitcases: 33. It is the first time that the series has been shown in a series of 128 episodes, with 128 episodes each. It was a year of orientation —ideological, cultural and linguistic- —toward the East, and therefore orientalisms were rhymed — caravan (instead of the lost living language caravan, introduced in Jablonski- ’s common language!) and suitcase (< Russian yemodan XVIII century < Turkish < Persian jamddan): Nulinguoja karavanas. Just's suitcase goes ahead. Marc DP. PKJ 1976 129. In general there was purism—so-called bourgeois! —a year of condemnation, and not only lecturer R. Miron condemned it, but also correspondent Antanas Venclova, a member of LTSR MA. Thus, there is not only a suitcase in that poem, but also a bun 8, flour 129, shoes 64, balls 46, unbleached trousers 76… And in the translation of the famous poem by Alexander Tvardovskis, Vacys Reimeris uses a suitcase: Reader, you yourself have repeatedly /Checked me on the road, /Having found a spot for my poems /To the suitcase that has seen a lot A. Tvard TT 1963 173. And in the archive of Bernardo Brazdžionis I found: Earthly human journey —/Departures, returns, /Full hands in luggage, /Adventure-filled wagons...L and M 2004 5 8. After that, things improved, at least in terms of standardization. DŽ 1972 čemodanas see lagaminas, DŽ 1993 čemodanas ntk. = lagaminas, o valiza 2. psn. ‘bagaminas’, KPP 1976 and 1985 čemodanas n. svet. —lagaminas, RLKŽ IV 1985 vewodan —1. luggage, suitcase (2nd s. p. (artillery) projectile), yemodannoe KacmpoeHue 138 —laugh. The mood is cold. The list of major language errors suitcase is not yet included. In the 1960s, the 1970s, and 1980s, the most commonly used is the 2. sing. „visi drabužiai, skalbiniai, manta (paprastai kažkur sukaupta)“: In that chest all her luggage (stacking of things) (A. Juška’s dictionary), i.e. not the chest, but the contents of the chest. It would not be surprising if, especially for the Samogitians, the meaning of suitcase would be somewhat unusual, although it is known in some places in the Samogitians: Didelis ano (i. e. jo) lagamins, o gera aname (i. e. jame) nieko nėlra) Šilalė. In this sense, the suitcase in LKZ VII 1966 is also presented from the Altay people, but only from the Datigailiy. Etymologically speaking, the original meaning of the suitcase should be “skrinelė” —related (E. Fraenkel 1955—1965) to Lithuanian pal‘ gti “to lay down, to help”: Te bus bulys iškeptas, ant balto stalo pal‘ gtas ir peilis medkotis įsmeigtas A. Juška, Svotbinė rėda, 1880, p. 18 —LKŽ VII 1966, sen. bulg. /ežati "to lie down" and ložiti "to lay down" (corresponds to Russian reocamo and aoxcuma), German. liegen „gulėti“, legen „dėti“, sich legen „gulti(s)“, lat. venenatis „lova; beds; , gr. lektron 'bearing'. It is known that there is a borrowed homonym 2xlagaminas (1. legumina; from Latin legumen —“legume fruit, legume plant”) “food (dessert)”: Stack for generations such a suitcase of legumes (i.e., slices): one time add berries, another — apples and sprinkle with sugar and grease with egg, so that they stick together; salty (i. e. vessel) put on top of each other, —arranges such a suitcase. Tasty that suitcase Šakyna (1966) 7. We are concerned about the Lithuanian suitcase, which was submitted to the common language as early as 1907 (by J. Šlapelis) and still needs the help of its users. True, now is the time of bags and backpacks, more frequently perhaps just a suitcase. Swallow the tongue, lick the fingers—- that’s when it’s already very tasty. There are now and edible all kinds of pirsteliy —veal and others. There were earlier — maybe even forgotten, recently recalled: Raziny species. <-->. 4. Large, fleshy, elongated raisins (length up to 2.50 cm). These raisins are very sweet, aromatic, but they contain 2-3 large pits. Made from grapes, popularly called “lady fingers” © Sav su TV 2004 29 14. The people are probably Russian (and urban!), but they may have invented it themselves. ne 139 Perhaps more wonderfully edible dates: Armenians in Yerevan treated us to good Armenian wine, excellent oranges brought from Georgia, and dates from Turkey A. Žmuidz P and G 1961 351. Maybe somebody remembers from the poem —chorea, jamba, dactyl, amfibrachis, anapestas, but surely not everyone knows that dactyl —“a three-syllable foot, whose first syllable is pronounced or is long” —literally (in Greek) means “finger” (cf. (2000). Those dates from Turkey are dates. It is an evergreen date tree (Phoenix dactylifera), growing in North and South Africa and PV. In Asia, named after the land of the Phoenicians, nutritious, sweet fruit, like bread for the Arabs. The fruits—monocotyled berries—gave their name to the Roman taste pickiness. By the way, Pliny the Elder called the name of Greek origin (dactylos) dactylus not only one plant, but — in the same resemblance to the finger — the date, sory (Panicum) species (P dactylon), and dactylis, -idis — the so-called dactylid — grapes with finger-like berries. Carl von Linné named Dactylis as the name of the weed, and J. (A.) Emphasis Digitaria (from Latin digitus, "finger") as the name of the new species, the fingerwort. From the Romance, it first came to the Romance languages: Italian dattero, French dattier, fruit —datte. In the supper depicted by Chretien de Troyes (12th century) in the king’s castle of the Sinner, where St. The Grail procession, among many delicacies mentioned dates: For dinner they were served fruit. And there was nothing there! Dates, figs and nutmeg, walnuts, pomegranates, cloves, Alexandrian ginger and many other delicacies Troyes Pers 2003 59. Towards the Engl. dare, vok. Datrel (Eilédaran term —Daktylus). All forms have changed, and the Polish one is dakzyl. 1936, pp. 2. ‘fruit of the dactylus palm’.’ And two decades later, A. Žmuidzinavičius still used it, although LKRŽ 1948 and DZ 1954 had already made it (perhaps only spec. in stores). By the way, this is the second time that the word Datteln has been used in the Lithuanian language —without SD 1620 (Daktylowe drzewo /palma and Daktylowy owoc /Dactylus —without Lithuanian equivalents) already in 1747. Instead of a wing. - It's been a long time. In some places, the German pronunciation darulé is now a thing of the past. 1936 is a dactyl 2. "date", but there is also a date — "fruit of the date palm." Phoenix —ghenukc, gunux, andhia (Gdunukosasa, P. dactylifera —punk Qunuronocuwiii BVZ 1998. In the translations (from Russian) TZZ 1951 and 1969 dates, of course, are not given, although in the definition of ficus it is — „datulės, finiky palmės vaisius“ TŽŽ 1951, „datums (ficus) tree edible fruit“. 140 TŽŽ 1936 did not standardize anything, only explained, TŽŽ 1951 and 1969 standardized according to the Russian language. In the later TŽZs the order was not made — in 1985 the fruit was not only a date, but also a datulé (terminologically — synonymy error), in 2001 both a date and a date — both a tree and a fruit. It is also used in the standard English language. DŽ 1954 there is no date, but datulé bot. ‘palm with edible fruit; the fruit of that tree.” Also in later editions. In fact, the names of the plant and the fruit are different: plant — date date, fruit — date. The name Lithophaga is derived from the Latin name of the mollusk Lithophaga lithophaga, the sea date. In the dictionary of P. Ruig (1747) the German word piider is already used. From the very beginning of the troubles of the winter we remember: bearded pine forests /With their curly tails appear everywhere /And nei powdered gentlemen stov įsirėmę. With the dictionary of F. Kuršaitis this germanization almost ends, and in the dictionary of A. Juška, next to this meaning, there are already expressions of free development — piiderétis “to adorn, dress” and “starchy”, in Jurbarke piideris — “who has puffed up hair” LKŽ X 1976. The Latvians still have the Germanic powder. The Lithuanians changed the source of borrowing and the form of the loan. Almost 100 years ago, in 1907, J. Šlapel’s dictionary of foreign and incomprehensible words already contained an international word of French origin, which had come through the Russian language: pudra “fine starch powder to be spread on the skin to make it softer”. A word from another language (including international) is usually borrowed not in all its meanings, but only in one of the necessary (or several necessary) ones. French poudre —simply all kinds of powder: toothpaste and washing powder (even dust —cf. lit. dust 1. „birios mineralinės trąšos, zuperis“ Tauragnai, 2. „skalbimo milteliai“ Suginčiai —LKŽ II, 1969, also explosive powder, i.e. powder (Russian: nopox —irgt „milteliai- “, cf. nopowwox —milteliai). Similarly, powder — powder, dust (and dust), powder and powder. It can be added that the internationality of the powder is true, but not universal, for example, in Italian — cypria (Latin Cypria — Cypriot, i.e. Venus Cypridus- ). The international word pudra, borrowed with this one meaning, has a whole system —pudruoti, pudravimas, pudrinti, pudrinė, pudrinukas (pronounced pudrininkė “woman who likes to powder” Grūžiai). 141 There are also some ambiguous things. In DZ 1972, the powdered sugar "Jabai smulkus cukrus" appeared — presented as... a phraseology. The method of delivery would be rational, because the powdered sugar is not powdered, but the standardization decision itself is irrational, because what is not powdered is not even powder. LKŽ X 1976 —also, there is also powdered sugar, powdered snow, powdered feathers. The aluminium powder did not penetrate the thermals immediately: PolZ 1984 nyopa met. — powders: aluminium powder, perlite powder, StatZ 2002 —and aluminium powder (also dolomite, lime, titanite powder, mineral powder, plasticizer powder, abrasive powder), and aluminium powder (also cement powder). I justified the linguistically rational solution in the terminology — to abandon such a non-systematic meaning of the international word pudra: if it is not powdered, it is not powder, but powder. So powdered sugar, aluminum powder, cement powder. MeteorZ 1975 cnecnaa nydpa — snow dust, dusty snow. Finishing the details? DG 1954 is just complete soup to eat. DŽ 1972, where the prepositional verbs are presented separately, is broader and more precise —i skončilo les kopat, už skončilo múky, explained as “to finish what to do (from the inside)”. But this point of meaning “from within” does not seem necessary, and in the case of the completion crossing it is not even possible. DZ 1993 left no example finished the grove to cut —the examples are more suitable for interpretation, but do they fit with the language? work A. Juška's dictionary. At that time the bird finished carrying on the shore and released the whole J. Murka's tale. Now those customs are going out of fashion Grain. I finished weaving the canvas J. Šlapelis; išpiigimas: So be nice ploughing, only finishing no Geistarai. Providing an “internal” meaning to a verb is an exaggeration — fiigti has no “internal” meaning at all: Daf[r] neįbaigėm rugių sėti Dusetos (LKŽ 1,1941). "The Unfinished Business" (1968) 1. In general, to end with almost all prepositions means only a simple event: I finished the field akėti, now I'm going to breakfast ¢ riškiai. They have already finished sowing Skirsnemunė. I finished flax Panevėžys. Yesterday I finished transporting the last rye Panevėžys. Push the dustbins, let the burning Surviliškis end. If you've already drilled it out, then stop drilling it through, Kūpiškis. He completed his dictionary (Kuršaitis) with his money. It's already dark in Krinchin. Write a letter about how your affairs ended in Four Seasons. 142 The word end —„end, end“ in DŽ 1954, „end, end“ in DŽ 1972 and 1993 is very rare, LKŽ IV 1957 is attested only from A. Baranauskas’ Bible translation: “The keeping of shoes is the end of incorruption” Izm 6, 19 (1998 ŠR Izm 6, 18 —keeping the statutes —the basis of immorality). The "remnants" of the DZ ending are from RLŽ 1932 (d6cmano —remnants, endings). During the bilingual era, the finisher of parts in production was called simply in Russian — dosoduux. And scientifically d0600Ka PolŽ 1984 —final processing. This two-word term is also used in TechEnc I 2000. However, in colloquial language, completion is common. Neither KPP 1976 and 1985, nor TT 1992 are amended in any way. Of course, in dialects, izpildīt means simply "to finish", and here — "finally finished". The one-word term finishing is certainly more convenient and more systematic — there is also a finisher next to it, and from finishing it would hardly be suitable finisher. KPP 1985 is only finished —in some respects better finished, perfect, final: there are still few completed (—finished, final written, prepared) scripts in the film studio’s portfolio. This habit was indeed intrusive, stamping—- it needed to be stopped. However, completeness, completeness (LKZ IV 1957 has been recorded since the pre-war period) is Lithuanian, and the perfect is also able to be wiped off (perfect holidays, etc.). Scale, scale, scale Vok. Mafsstab (literally would be “indicator of size”) and from it Russian uacwma6 — it is both “the relation of the length of a map or drawing line to the actual length of a place or drawn object” (scale DŽ 1954), and “relative measure of any size”, “ambity, volume” (scale 2., 3. DZ 1954). The linguist Jonas Jablonskis and the mathematician Zigmas Žemaitis also did so — they named the “scale” by the word mastas: Map scale is made by J. Jablonskis (LKŽ VII 1966); mastas —maciuma6 and Maciuma6 —mastas Turn TTR 1920. But DZ 1954 mastas 1. zr. scale (and DZ. 1972), although the scale was already LKRZ 1948 and even earlier (we will see). The basis for the change is more than doubtful: scale is only a small scale… And no other language has such a cunning “scale”. It is also known as the 1936-1937 season of the 1st Division (1. ‘scale, a small measure, agreed upon in place of another large measure, — *, 2. ‘relative measure of any size’. In 1933, he published a book on the subject: "The Making of the Great Wall of China" (The Great Wall of China, 1933), which was widely acclaimed. KP 1939 corrects: scale (...) —scale: —; (map) scale. The scale is also in two later translations TŽZ 1951 and 1969, and... DŽ 1954 —1. ‘scale’, 2. “relative size, scale of something” (and DZ 1972). Perhaps that's why only timidly tried to hold KPP in 1976 and 1985: the scale of the world. —better 143 scope, ambition, size: The broad scale of the activity (—scopes, ambitions). The large scale (—large scale, large) compositions. 1982–83: 1st Division, 2nd Division. scale, but sacuma6nbiū — although I. scale, but 2. prk. large-scale, mastabiskas, macumabno —broad-scale [ambitious], macumabically, macuumabrnocms —broad-scale, (large) ambition, ambition: ambition of intentions [scale]. It is safe to say that the words “mashtabistik”, “mashtabistik”, “mashtabism” were dripping from the lips and feathers of some literary and art critics and ideological workers at that time, but it is necessary to add that, although this was Zargoniné’s usage, it was scary to touch it harder. They have no soles left. DZ 1993 scale ntk. = 1. scale, 2. scale 1 (i.e. “ambition, scope, size*”). I have read it for the tenth time in ten years now: The Kingdom of God is not a political concept, and therefore it is not a political scale on which to directly create political practice or criticize political formations. Purgatory time can undoubtedly be a long time on a human scale J. Le Goff VV 2003 120. It is necessary to remember this history in order to understand the real cost of statehood and independence, the real scale — MokslL 2004 18 13. The events in Kiev differ from the Lithuanian Singing Revolution in scale, accumulated energy and threat Vd 2004 49 33. — —it is a Jantastic utopia with detective elements, and the requirements of originality and intrigue are of a different scale than those applied to realistic works Vd 2005 5 55. There is no doubt that the year 2004, even on a large, perhaps even the largest, historical scale, will enter the tables of the synthesis and chronology of the future Lithuanian history. — and on the scale of history, the politics of the so-called traditional parties lacked internal historical sense and lacked the dimension of a national strategy reflected on the positions of the political nation as a whole Vd 2005 25 62. But in their view, the only standard by which the Church can be measured is purposefulness. —NJB 2005 6 265. The 2005-2006 season ended with a 27–8 record. — do not use common language when they are speechless masteliy L and M 2005 26 4. The same welfare state, — but, of course, on a comparatively modest scale Vd 2005 374. Assessing the consequences of this action on the scale of classical political theory — Vd 2005 46 62. Savo 144 work should be assessed in a broader context, compared to national, European, perhaps worldwide trends MokslL 2005 18 5. This facility, whose territorial extent surprises with its incredible scale — 75 X 45 km — will be put into operation in three years Vd 2005 51 23. The human scale of time, the scale of history or events, the scale of demands or purpose, to grasp the scale — there has always been scale! And why do we create on a scale, even a political one, scale the dimensions, measure, evaluate and compare on a scale (and not a measure- ?!), even a large one, happens on a scale —or is it not at all felt what is written? Conclusions 1. More than 100 years ago, the Lithuanian language already had the international word valiza of French origin, which had come through Polish. Not long after, he was pushed by a suitcase of Tatar Russians. But at that time (1907) the Lithuanian suitcase was already being used. The suitcase disappeared slowly but surely, the suitcase in the Soviet era had a great boost from the Russian bilingualism, however, the suitcase (especially the bagaminélis) was already codified and well established. 2. Already in the old dictionary of K. Sirvydas (~ 1620) there was lot. Dactylus (tree and fruit), but still without a Lithuanian equivalent. In P. Ruigi’s dictionary (1747) — the form of German origin Dattulė, and in the 1936 International Dictionary of Words — daktilis 2.,,daktilés palmės vaisius“ (i.e. “date”) — of the same origin as the poem daktilis (Greek daktylos —“finger- ”). Ladies' fingers are sometimes called certain grapes. 3. already in the dictionary of P. Ruigis (1747) there is the Germanic word piideris, and in the dictionary of J. Šlapelis (1907) — pudra. The French poudre — all powder (and washing), even dust (English powder — and powder < Russian nopox). Powder has a whole system —pudruoti, pudravimas, pudrinti, pudrinė, pudrinukas. It is not suitable for cycrus or aluminum, cement powder (it is not powdered!), Powdered sugar, so here is provided powder, powdered. 4.Finishing of parts could be called otherwise — finishing, but no finisher. However, a closer look at the semantics of the verb to complete shows that there are no obstacles to the term completion, as well as the terminator. The shortness of the term is also important. 5, Linguist Jonas Jablonskis and mathematician Zigmas Žemaitis named the "scale" the word mastas. In the 1936 International Dictionary of Words, however, there is also scale (German)- —1. ‘scale, —'2. ‘relative measure of any size’. The scale was corrected by the Language Advisor in 1939, but it was still in 1954, and even in 1972. 145