Terminas prie termino. III

Deadline after deadline. III JONAS KLIMAVIČIUS Lithuanian Language Institute KAPOTAS The current history of the term kapotas in Lithuanian officially ends with its implementation. How different is the use of periodicals — it can still be read here today: get into the car, start the engine, open a broken Sav with TV 2005 48 70. In general, could have ended much earlier. And it started much earlier and not from the term. Like the common borrowing, the Lithuanian language was hampered by the margins, fragmented. It didn't start with a car or an airplane. LKŽ V 1959 kapota (from Polish kapota) —“short, sleeveless outer garment (usually warm, fur), vest; jacket, blouse“ is indicated from Mūsninkai, Debeikiai, Salakas (recorded in lexicography: kapota, ėlė (sermėga) —svarki. hood. kxanomv M 1894), and the variant kapotas (from Russian xanom) —from Rėkiškis, Giedraičiai (Eastern highland kapotkinas, although heard, remained unrecorded); another variant “kapoté” (cf. kapka 2) has a very different meaning —“an ancient holiday hat of dark material, worn by women without a scarf” Kūpiškis. There are also international dictionaries of words: kapotas (pr.) —„women’s home-made morning robe, robe“ TŽZ 1936; 4) „women’s home-made garment, blouse, robe“ TŽZ 1951. In general language usage, this capot existed mostly as an exotic (though not very distant) status —usually in translations, e.g. : Need to know that Akakijus Akakievich’s cloak was also the object of ridicule for officials; even the name of a noble robe was taken away from him, and he was called a hood N. GogR III 1954 148. For a long time he could not distinguish which sex the human being [Pliuskin] was — male or female. Her clothes were very vague, resembling a female chopped; on the head was a hood N. GogR V 1954 131. The meaning is not completely understood - cf. rus. kanom 1. „jpoMannnee XEHCKOe TIIaThe CBOOOJmKOTO rIOKpos“ || yCcTap. "XKEeHCKaS HH MYyXCKAS 172 Jonas Klimavičius | Term after term. III BepXHsAA ofeXxaa bes riepexBaTa Tanun" || ",mAHenb GpaHIy3CKUX cony@ar' (< French capote; first recorded in the 1847 Russian academic dictionary) CCPJIA V 1956, pg. blouse (women's robe) RLKŽ I 1967, 1. psn. blouse, laisva [free cut] dress RLKŽ 11 1983; o polk. kapota — chopped; blouse; LeLieZ 1979, polk. hood psn. —hat with ties LeLieZ 1979, in French capote —1) coat with hood, 2) military hat, 3) women's hat PLKZ 1976 and, unfortunately, 2) cut, removable, metal cover | 3) spoken capote anglaise —condom] PLKZ 2004'. The French 'capot, known in the meaning of garment since 1576, in 1688 acquired the variant capote (also of the same origin cape, capeline, capuchon, as well as cappa) — firstly in the meaning of various garments (and naval "covered with a hood"), and from 1839 — also in the meaning of "carriage with a removable or folding top", although similar to the latter since 1819 (naval "tarpaulin covering against rain") is used as 'capot (Robert 1993). Only in TZZ 1951 is recorded the meaning of 1) "removable metal cover covering the upper part of the engine from dust and atmospheric precipitation" and 3) "casing giving the airplane engine a streamlined (aerodynamic) shape", and how these meanings have evolved —2) "warm wool or quilted (cotton) casing protecting the engine from excessive cooling", and the close connection of this meaning with 4) "women- 's home garment, — ". The 1958-59 season was not as successful as the 1958-59 season, with the club finishing eighth. The hood is not even DZ 1954, 1972, 1993. TechnZ 1949 kanom —(engine) gaubslé |o koxyx —casing, cover (mass), PolZ 1959 —(engine) hood. But PolZ 1984 kanom aut. —hood, chopped. Rus. kanom —tech. broken, hood, gaubslé RLKZ 1 1967, but 2. tech. hood, cover RLKZ 11 1983. The hood is not dismissed and TZZ 1969, only changes the equivalent —1),hood, — " (as well as TŽZ 1985), only TŽZ 2001 —antvožas —„removable metal cover, — ". In 1995, the word was replaced by the more commonly used (but not the most commonly used) word,. kabat —dabar psn. 1) „durtinys (men’s clothing)“, 3) sen. „shirts for those sentenced to death“ LeLieZ 1979] „such clothing“: On a béro horse, with bear’s kaboti Pakrūojis (LKŽ V. 1959), kdbotas (1. kabat < lat. capatus) — „coat, warm women’s clothing: vest“ (also Kabelka 1964); 1962. pp. 122. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z. The phrases "I've seen you" and "I've seen you" are commonly used in the phrases "I've seen you" and "I've seen you" in the phrases "I've seen you". * This you are neither a sparrow to us PV 113 114, We, that the sun is too far from us to heat our backs, /We are wrapping ourselves in the cool of trinytes or cobots Zr 67 68 (Donelaitis 1977), also —from the collection of S. Daukanto by Daina Zemaitiy: On the hill with a horse after a bear’s cobot (No. 101). In fact, these are borrowings of other origin from the Orientalisms that have reached us through the Arabs, Persians, Puaropg through Greek, Bulgarian, Serbian, Czech, Polish, Russian languages (Pacmep II 1986). Terminology | 2006 | 13 173 already provides bonnet —kanom Jdeuzamejia —bonnet (GB); hood (US) — Motorhaube —capot. Anticodified in VL,LVKATZ 1996: kapotas —Haube, Verkleidung, variklio kapotas —Motorschutzhaube, Motorverkleidung and variklio dangtis —Motorhaube, Motorschutzhaube, Motorverkleidung. CivilAvZ 1996 is a cover, hood —cowling; cowl —kanom. There is no hood in TechEnc II 2003, only a hood —“the outer shell of a machine, device, mechanism, apparatus — the cover, covering, cover”. By the way, here is done as rus. KOJKYX —„Hapy>xHas 0bonouka (OyT/ISAp, KAOOT, IOKDpbInIKA) MAINHHbI, npubopa, Mexanus3Ma, anmapara, —" IIC 1976, 1989. There is no bonnet on either KPP, 1976, or KPP, 1985, and TT 1992 has a bonnet. : engine broken (= engine oncarriage) tech., and KP 4 L1 2005 broken svet. ntk.= technical attachment, cover; hood. Thus, the cut in technical terminology after short fluctuations has already been implemented. However, the refinement of his replacement may not be over yet. Hans Selye developed the theory of stress in 1936 | Lithuania it was late. The term was questionable. A. Novodvorskis quotes in his article Words fetishes: stress determines urgent intervention. He is convinced (and apparently the Editorial Board agrees with him) that the English stress “tension, intersection, inversion” has no specificity for the English, so we should have enough tension, and the specificity “we have created ourselves, turning certain foreign words into some kind of fetishes, giving them wonderful characteristics that they do not have” (Novodvorskis 1973: 13). It seemed, there are cases that it really is. It is not immediately realized that H. Selye nevertheless created a fundamentally new concept, and not only somewhat terminated the existing word stress. That other languages borrowed it, of course, is a big difference. However, instead of mechanically concluding that they had to take their word — Engl. stress equivalent, it was worth seriously considering whether there is such a general rule here and whether it is possible to do so in particular —without semantic loss, without the risk of ambiguity, etc. In this case, first of all, one must bear in mind the great —compared with lit. įtampa English stress — ambiguity, almost close to homonymy —1) pressure, 2) tension; difficulties, 3) importance, significance, meaning, 4) interjection, 5) muz. accent, rhythmic intersection ALKŽ 1975. The definitions of the values are very clear, the distances between the values are large. To say that stress — “the state of the organism’s fight against harmful factors” would be exactly jtension 2, where tension 1 is “tension, concentration of forces and attention at work” DZ 174 Jonas Klimavičius | Term to term. III 1993, is quite careless. It would be more logical to say that stress is different from tension (although not only from tension). The history of the name has been somewhat controversial. By the way, ALKŽ 1975 stress does not provide medical significance. MedŽ 1980 stress —stresas —įtampa —cmpecc. It is necessary not to lose sight of the fact that in medicine there have already been (and still exist) concepts of stretching: tensio —tenzija: 1. compression, pressure, 2. tension; elasticity, tensio muscularis — muscle tension (when contracting), tensor — tensile muscle; intensivitas —intensyvumas —įtempimas, intensious —intensyvus —temptas; molimen —1. stress, 2. stressful activity, 3. illness Med? 1980. For example: vascular tension will be relieved GV 1981 102. However, the concept and the term tension has never been and is not different from stress. LTE X 1983, without a Lithuanian equivalent, is only stress —“A state of mental and physiological stress in humans and animals, arising from changes in external conditions or internal disorders (stressors). — Stress is manifested by physiological changes (heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, muscles, tone, brain, electrical activity), movement and action coordination disorder, emotional tension, fear, frustration, sometimes complete disorganization of activity — ". Although in general H. Selye “interpreted stress as an adaptive syndrome – the organism- ’s mobilization response to disease” LTE X 1983, having “3 stages: alarm, resistance (resistance) and exhaustion” M and G 1978 12 38, although “small stresses stimulate vital functions in the body” and “stress can be beneficial or harmful” MedEnc II 1993, but presenting only international stress, the interpretation further distances itself from the concept of “stress”: “stress can be caused by physical or mental trauma, illness”, “behavioral stress can be expressed by lack of control, inactivity, etc.” MedEnc II 1993. Stress also has its own physiology: Stress is an unpleasant emotional state in which psychological factors determine biochemical changes in the body. In popularization you can find statements that stress can be caused by lying, and from stress dandruff can appear...PsichZ 1993 mentions information stress —"when due to excessive information a person is unable to perform tasks, does not manage to make correct decisions with the required speed, especially when he bears the greatest responsibility for the consequences of those decisions- "". It is certainly possible to conclude that stress is both quantitatively and qualitatively different from tension — it is already a stress overload. When using stress, it is not even appropriate to interpret it as tension, e.g. : Human beings are constantly subjected to a tension called stress M and G 1978 12 38. Although already in LCZ XIII 1984 stress was recognized as “the reaction of the organism to adverse factors, tension”. but DZ 1993 stress – see jtamTerminologija | 2006 | 13 175 pa 2. At least a little closer to the truth would be stress, overstrain Dnvd 1991 36 5. But the overvoltage would be only a partial case of stress. The famous popularizer of herbalism E. Šimkūnaitė tries to call stress a very dialectical word: The second power of flowers — their smell: from worries, from difficulties, from bumps (stresses), from grief M and G 1990 7 38, cf. || prk. „sukrėsti, prispausti“: Tei[p] hits a person, not crying, not anything (when a great disaster) Radviliškis (LKŽ XVI 1995). It’s more like “frustration”… Let’s go to the inner things of language. Stress has its own microsystem: Hans Selye (1907—1982) — Canadian pathologist physiologist. creator of the classical stress theory (1936), „Stress without distresoTM and other books author M and G 1990 1 34. Some types of stress, called "eustress" by the author, are beneficial to us M and G 1990 1 34. "Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Psychoanalytic Approach" 1993. Stressor —“a factor causing a stressful state”: physiological stressors —“(e.g., extreme physical exertion, high or low temperature, pain, difficulty breathing- )” and mental stressors, “e.g. y. factors that have a signal significance for the individual (e.g., threat, danger, insult, excess of information)” PsichŽ 1993. Several types and subspecies of stress are distinguished: physiological and psychological (informational and emotional) PsichZ 1993, as well as forms of stress: impulsive, suppressed, generalized. More compounds are used in periodical usage: nervous stress LA 1998 190 13, Sav with TV 2006 48 26, psychomotor stress Bion 2006 2 20, psychosocial stress Vd 2006 48 21, social stress Vd 2006 48 22, oxidative stress MkslL 2002 10 14, chronic stress M and G 1991 8 36, permanent stress LA 1998 212 24, work and household stresses L and M 1987 28 3, stress situation M and G 1987 1 23, stress state VL 1998 37 6. stresiné situation VL 1998 37 6, MkslL 2000 15 10, Vd 2003 41 43, stresiné state LA 1995 58 17, MkslL 2000 15 10, stresiné reaction NZA 2003 11-12 633, stress hormones Vd 2003 41 43, 2006 9 53, “stress hormones” — adrenaline, norepinephrine, cortisol Sav with TV 2001 19 4, antistress mineral Vd 2006 16 41. It happens, but still, except in spoken language, it is not common to stress: with an unsteady step those who are eternally stressed turn.. to the grandmother" KV 1998 19 21. So stress is already established. If stress causes very significant changes in the electrical voltage of the body or even the cell, then can it itself be called voltage? Stress can be experienced by M and T 1974 10 20, arise M and G 1987 1 23, stress can be prevented LR 1996 218 3, cause TMtr 1987 1 P6, LA 1996 167 24, experience LA 1998 232 7. survive LA 1998 190 13, stress can be eliminated 176 Jonas Klimavičius | Term to Term, III state LA 1995 58 17, stress can be eliminated LA 1996 217 11. The tension is high. to experience stress, to be stressed —unheard of. This difference also speaks in favour of the distinction between tension and stress. Transtermination can be observed, of course, outside the Lithuanian language: stress —poveikis. stress: drought stress, heat stress, salinity stress, osmotic stress AugBiolŽ 1998, plant stress LA 1998 222 19, plant stress condition LA 1995 58 17; anthropogenic stress: socio-economic elements in the landscape are ignored, only the effects of human intervention on natural landscape components are studied, predicting how they will change in the future from anthropogenic stress, — Mir G 1984 3 8, This again speaks in favour of stress. Determination is vague, infrequent, e.g.: spirit stress L and M 1984 447, spirit stresses KB 1984 7 62; Lithuanian poultry farming experienced real stress. The 2000-01 season began on 18 April 2000. There are cases that are unclear —perhaps even to the consumers themselves— (although it is more of a transtermination), e.g.: because the rainfall was low, the grapes avoided “water stress” LA 1994 179 8; in our time only some social stress —loss of motivation M and G 1990 1 34. The world economy promises much, but also great tension and stress LA 1998 199 6. After establishing the stress, its accuracy and thus the necessity, it should be noted that in the beginning there were more, but later there were various stress connections with tension. At the beginning, quite often, although stress is used, it is simply driven by tension: Another property of the nervous system —balance —helps withstand a high sudden tension. — ——A man, when threatened with danger, must put his mental and often physical forces to the test. He suffers the so-called stress M and T 1974 10 20. Any stress provokes a disease —. So, if we do not learn to use our internal reserves, we will feel worse and worse every year, our psycho-emotional tension will increase. We live in constant fear about work, family relationships, etc. Fear strains our muscles, tightens our movements. Muscle tension is transmitted to the mind, and many of us cannot relax. Therefore, psychological discharge cabinets are vital today KmT 1989 164 3. — committed suicide without being able to cope with the continuous stress caused by the stressful work LA 1998 212 24. Constant stress keeps our body tense; this state is recorded by the brain and informs the immune system Vd 2006 9 53, Neither this quote nor other texts read on this topic indicate that somewhere even a little tension. by the way, termically undefined, would be considered either the only, or one of the several Terminology | 2006 | 13 177 stress causes, or some effect of stress, its component part. This is again an argument in favour of spress. Although the doctor, but very uncharacteristic of this compound: Modern gy" vening is characterized by frequent stressful tension, abundance of information TMkt 1980 26 3. Mr. Griggs. Instead, from the very beginning until now, tension and stress have been often associated: The nervous system is exhausted by tensions and stresses, the heart is weakened Sm 1977 11 45. It is usually connected with a switch and: Focus tension and stress my already crazy health could not withstand 18.07.1990. In these times of tension and stress LA 1993 31 10. — people with higher earnings spent more time doing things associated with negative emotions, such as tension and stress Vd 2006 29 31. However, it is not certain that these are two concepts, cf.: — died of a heart attack, the cause of which (not the causes — J.K.) —stress and relapse LA 1994 143 6. The conjunction or is also used, which already shows the difference between the concepts: However, everyday life, psychological conflicts often cause emotional stress or chronic emotional tension. All this, in turn, forms a very favorable soil for psychosomatic pathology, i.e. neurogenic diseases TMtr 1987 1 P6. — stresses or tensions in family relationships may also affect children- ’s resistance LA 1996 213 3, Here attention should be paid to the plural —stresai (tension —singular only). The conclusion would probably be that the separation of stress from tension has occurred, but a certain connection has remained. However, a clearer distinction should be made. Stress has other, not very clear connections in consumer behavior, e.g. : Negative emotions, stresses should be avoided, <=--> Shm 1984 7 34; emotional-stress psychotherapy VN 1988 26 2. The state of stress and depression—this is truly an unwelcome guest VL 1998 37 6. — it hurts when you have to dismiss young people, —. For them, my forced step was a real shock. It might be easier for me — I have already experienced similar stresses. Sat 11 7 1994. Having entered the open space, the newborn also experiences shock. The stress experienced at birth will resonate all the time. It is expected that such people will be more aggressive LA 1998 85 21. — 3 months have passed since a very painful, especially for an elderly person, trauma —accidental death. On the stress scale, such a trauma is marked with one of the highest scores. <--->. <-->. — it is impossible to prepare for death. It is always unexpected, unexpected. The reaction of living beings to it is tears, great sadness, mourning. Often, unexpressed sadness, uncried tears turn into depression, various diseases of the body LA 1993 97 14. Here the conclusion would be that, although stress medically is really a clearly defined term, in popular usage and 178 Jonas Klimavičius | Term to term. III stress itself, and its relationships with tension and other medical terms — depression, euphoria, apathy, frustration, trauma, shock — are not as clear as they should be. But in general, stress does not exist in medicine, and in life it is almost a cultural phenomenon: “In specialised literature, as well as in fiction, it is now difficult to find another word that is so often used to denote the most diverse strong experiences and mental and physical discomfort as stress. Stress has become almost a symbol of modern life. Although the problem of stress and in our country. and abroad is being thoroughly studied by physicians, biologists, physiologists, biochemists, biophysicists, psychologists, sociologists and even philosophers, it is far from being solved”, —says doctor Vytautas Meška (M and G 1986 8 26). In the review of the Russian translation of H. Selye's work (Cejme I." Crpecc bes muctpecca. —M.: Ilporpecc, 1982. —126 c.) Laima Gudaitytė, by the way, having raised important issues not mentioned in the medical literature I quoted [„H. Sellier distinguishes two main reactions for maintaining the stability of the internal state of the organism: syntoxic (when the negative effect is ignored, an attempt is made to accept it) and catabolic (when it is fought against)” [DorVert 1982: 311], states that the book’s “second, ethical-philosophical [part], sets out the general principles of morality that inevitably arise from this, in the author’s opinion” (DorVert 1982: 310), and draws a very broad conclusion: “Its purpose is to formulate a moral code that reveals the meaning of life and indicates the principles of behavior that allow the best expression of one’s “I” and achieve the most optimal (= optimal) resonance of communication” (DorVert 1982: 310). The school has been teaching for several decades: skeletons. As soon as you have finished it (and not yet) through newspapers, translations, the translation language in general becomes fractured and there are almost no clues left. In the Soviet era, Lithuanian use of international words was strongly influenced by Russian. The Russians also have their own words — ocmas (: Old Russian ocmamu) — "To, ŭro ocraerca" (compare ocmanku — "relics", psn "remnants"), as well as kocmsak (: Kocmb "bone"), but they are now using ckesiem a lot. Extraordinary things happen: ocmos —2. skeleton (xuBornoro —animal), skeleton RLKZ II 1983 [RLKZ IV 1985 “fixes”: cxerem —1. skeleton, skeleton (wuenosexa —human), —, cKeJremnbiū —1. skeleton, skeletal, but ckenemuvie MbiuiyDi —skeleton muscles RLKZ IV 1985]. Often even the hand of a linguist writes: skeleton, fragments —it would be clearer. Very good griaučiai (lavonkauliai used by J. Basanavičius) are preserved in archaeology — supported by griaučiai graves LEnc IX 1940 553, DŽ 1993 (e.g. cremation graves). Terminologija | 2006 | 13 [79 In the writings the griaučiai are known for at least a hundred years (Vrp 1898 13). SNŽŽ 1907 — gruaučiai —bones, skeleton, giltinė and skeletas (gr.) —“bones constructed as they stand in a living body”; grit, guilt. Griaučiai is still called simply bones, Jono Balvočiaus-Geručio (1842-1915) probably according to Polish. košciec, rus. xocmsk pasidarytas kaulynas 2 (LKŽ V 1959), hybrid of A. Juška's dictionary and Mosėdis- 's kaulyčia 2. |plg. still bones 3. „giltinė(- ?)“: Bone girl, sit under the bridge, don't go, they'll catch you! (1959) (in French). Interwar naturalist Jurgis Elisonas wrote: Paramos organai, arba skeleto sistema LKŽ XII 1981. The 1953-54 season was unsuccessful for the Reds. So really the school has spread and taught: grit. It is clearly a Lithuanian word, only its motivation is somewhat overshadowed by the tiny uncertainty of the basis of construction — whether from griauti, or from griūti with a change in the vowel of the root. Therefore, let’s walk along the paths of semantics and motivation of related words, so that griaučiai with the whole bunch become safer, more alive. First of all it is —griaumedis (: griauti Urbutis 1978: 192) —1. “a fallen tree in the forest” A. Juška’s dictionary (i.e. “a fallen tree”? ); gridumenys „dense forest covered with trees“: The storm carried him far away, into the thickets of the groves, to the campfire Tauragė. I let my daughter go beyond the thickets, beyond the thickets of the groves. groove 3. “a tree fallen from its branch; išvarta“ Nemunaitis, Merkinė, Rėdūnia [1. ‘dauba, lėnkė; tarpukalné, griovys”, 2. „falling river bank: cliff“ |. In terms of form and meaning, it is similar to the also rare gridučias (1) „drūtas, aukštas akmuo (nukirstas)“ Panevėžys (without sentence) (LKŽ III 1956). There are many more words that are semantically close, but are farther away in origin. Meaning of the word 2. „graudus, neskalus ir nelankstus medis“ (Veliuona, Gitkalnis) even in the interpretation of the word graudus, which is not used in this sense in common language, there is a connection with the word grusti (F. Kuršaičio 'fall'), rather than fall or break down. Word crush 1. ‘crush, grind, grind, grind’, 2. „smash“: Teip grūda door children, 3. ‘beating, torturing, harassment’, 4. „to put, to put, to put, to kill“. 5. ‘carry, carry, transport’; 6. ‘varyti, vyti’, 7. refl. „to press, to proceed, to climb, to climb up“, 8. refl. „noisy, beating, rattle, banging“ is semantically closer not to collapse, but to "destroy 1. „translate, dismantle: spoil“, 2. prk. „in a hurry what to do, what to do, where to go, what to carry“, 3. refl. „crawl, push, lick“ (LKŽ HI 1956). Grain intestine. 3. "hard, inflexible: brittle, crumbly. "Knack: "Granny- 's Girlfriend"". The grainy axe quickly breaks Lioliai (also used Gaūrė, Rietavas, Kvėdarna, Palanga; A. Juška's dictionary; V. Kalvaičio dainynas, p. 93). The winglets are only slightly slender. Such a grainy body! Valkininkai (also 180 Jonas Klimavičius | Term to term. III There are also other types of debris (mixed with skeletons): diatomite debris TechEnc 1 2000 409. Coral reefs are islands formed by — accumulations of coral and other organisms, and on the surface by live corals VLE X 2006. There are even more extraordinary ones: The gaps between the nephrons are filled with connective tissue, which as if formed the kidney stones InkstL 1971 6. Unfortunately, there is still a common skeleton here: eyeball skeleton ZA 1972 607, molecular skeleton TechEnc II 2003 322; — the cell skeleton is based on a special system of the thinnest fibrous elements. — it consists of relatively complex fibrinous protein assemblies, —. The system is very economical — performing the joint work of the support and movement apparatus, it also replaces the “skeleton” in the cell. and “joints”. and "muscle", although it is still called only the skeleton of the cell —cytoskeleton. These more extraordinary fragments are also called stroma M ir G 1979 10 7. (Greek stroma —"mat, carpetTM): the fragments of the iris. or stroma ZA 1972 609; stroma —biol. 1) the base of an organ of an animal organism, or the fragments thereof, consisting of unformed connective tissue, which contains cells capable of proliferation and development, as well as fibrous structures which determine its pillar function- ”, 2) the “protein base of erythrocytes” [also 3) and 4)] TŽZ 1969; 1. ‘supporting structure of animal organs, carcass, carcasses. on which the clements of those organs are situated’ OJ 1985 (also OJ 2001); in the science of internal organs sfroma —(organ, cell) fragments, stroma, stroma of internal secretion glands —fragments, stroma V Anat, HirET 1998. French brickwork — a carcass. With Lithuanian difficulties I can deal with anatomy. But "crumbs" are quite versatile. There is a lot of you in construction, architecture, sculpture, technology, even clothing. But here the difficulties are pushed aside. It is only interesting that the French —fr. carcasse: carcass —1. ‘wire band in women’s hats and lampshades’, 2. “in sculpture, casting, certain frames to maintain the proportion of the casting”, 3. "Ancient cannon bullet", 4. “metal wreckage of ships or reinforced concrete houses” TŽZ 1936. Later, the form is lit.ized and the order of meanings changes: karkasas —1) „of which n. building (house, ship, plane) metal or wooden debris“, 2) „main part of car tire — fabric, impregnated with rubber and covered with a thin layer of rubber“, 3) „antique igniting bag-shaped projectile with igniting device, reinforced with iron bow-shaped strips“, 4) „guobinių genealogy tree; has a very hard wood and is therefore called an iron tree; caud. for wood Terminology | 2006 | 13 187 For the manufacture of wind instruments and various other articles: — TŽZ 1951; frame 1. „of some building (+++) — scraps“ (2. is not!, and „framework —bot. „the family tree of the group — ") DZ 1954; „framework —is not of the most necessary meaning in TZZ 1969, it returns again in DZ 1972: framework —„of some building (+) — scraps“, as well as „framework —only „scraps of a product, structural element, building, — " TŽZ 1985 (as well as TŽZ 2001); similarly, a framework —“the remains of a structure (-**); shells" (and shells —1. earthly "fragments, bones", 2. "fragments of some thing, carcass", cf. kriduklas —1. earthly "rib", 2. morning "caulked, shell, shell") DŽ 1993. Similarly, in terminology: karkasas —„the skeleton of a product, structural element, building, giving it form, strength, stability, — " LTE V 1979; karkasas —carcass, framework, ossature —Skelett, Geriist, Gerippe —ossature. carcasse, charpente, gros cuve—kapkac: reinforced concrete, wooden, metal, steel, thin-walled profiled, frame, wall, rigid, prefabricated StatZ 2002; skeleton construction —karkasiné konstrukcija: wood, reinforced concrete or steel construction —gruaučiai, — ALKAiškArchŽ 2004: karkasas —„the scraps of a building, structure or work. — “ TechEnc II 2003, framework building, framework wall TechEnc II 2003; framework — “fragments of a building, structure, sculpture or other object. — ‘ ELV IX 2006. However, in the technique there is not only the frame: ocmos —frame: berėm, frame, semi-frame, retaining, body, but ocmos mpakmopa —tractor frame, ocmos Osuzamenis —engine body, ocmoe nemutu —loop base PolZ. 1984. The word griaučiai, meaning carcass, is also used here as a term: griaučiai, krūmas —ocmos (mawunet) VĮ 1924 75; carcase, carcass — 1. karkasas; pieces (2. bar), but also shell —2. (1. shell) ALKStatZ 1993; griaučiai —skeleton. framework, fabric —Gerippe, Skelett, Rohbau —ossature, carcasse —ocmos: building, wooden StatZ, 2002; hull wreckage LTE VI 1980 331, TechEnc II 2003 074: skeleton —1. tech. drains, sinks (2. drafts, crafts, plan) HidrotechZ 2000. Such fragments are not uncommon in periodicals (although often with unnecessary quotation marks): found fragments of the oldest ships LA 1999 123 4; structure "fragments" Vd 2006 23 16, buildings "fragments" Vd 2006 16 31, farm "fragments" Vd 2006 16 30, scene "fragments" LA 1999 134 15; history "fragments" Vd 2001 33 41. 188 Jonas Klimavičius | Term after term. III The remaining skeleton. However, the skeleton is used in several terms even without a Lithuanian equivalent: šaknų sistemos skeletas (the writings of the years of independence) LKŽ XII 1981, skeletinės šaknys — „all large roots of trees“ BTŽ 1965, skeletinės šakos — „large branches from which grow small, mostly fruity twigs“ BTŽ 1965; ckexemnniū —3. spec. skeletinis, pagrindinis, atraminis: skeletal branches RLKZ IV 1985 (also used in periodicals), cf. : Beetles skeleton and eat leaves and stems AugAps 1974 160 (also 167, 168); skeletal clouds —xpe6mosudnvie 067taxa, among vertebrates MeteorZ, soil, ground, etc. skeleton: Soil particles larger than 1 mm form the soil skeleton, and smaller ones — fine soil BŽirDM 1974 30. Fine-grain1975; ed soil is a natural dispersive system consisting of 3 phases: solid — mineral particles (soil skeleton), liquid — water, gaseous — air and water vapour LTE IV 1978 231,. Soil skeleton ALKStatZ 1993, grunto skeletas —soil skeleton —Bodenskeletit, Bodengeriist —squelette de sol —ckentem epynma StatZ 2002; also skeletal materials M and T 1974 12 50, skeletal sands MG 1975 5 16, skeletal soil —‘soil containing fragments of rocks and minerals (with a diameter greater than 3 mm) which form the skeleton of the soil. Depending on the size of these fragments, the s. d. is fractured, stony, rocky, rocky. — " FGZZ 1987; ckenemnasi xema —el. skeletal diagram PolZ 1984 (but not ETZ 1999); skeletal crystals, known by scientists as dendrites KV 1983 15 15 (but FTŽ 1979 —dendritinis kristalas —dendpummuviii xpucmasn, dpesosudnviii kpucmat, CKEJIiemHnbiū KpuocmaJJi —dendrite crystal, pine(-tree) crystal, skeleton crystal —dendritischer Kristall, Tannenbaumkristall, Skelettkristall); skeletal isomerization. chain isomerism —‘variant of structural isomerism’ — CKEJIEeMmHas U3oMepust, usoMepus yenu —skeleton isomerism, chain isomerism (no skeleton itself, only the chain —‘row of directly related atoms’ —yen» — chain) ChemZ 1997 and 2003, skeletal catalyst —‘catalyst Jakytas, metal catalyst —ChemŽ 2003], obtained by dissolving the inactive metal [catalytically inactive components — ChemZ 2003] from a bi-metal alloy [from a metal alloy —ChemZ 2003] ChemZ 1997 —ckezremubiū kamanusamop —skeletal catalyst, skeleton catalyst, spongy catalyst ChemŽ 1997 and 2003. Terminology | 2006 | 13 189 Will the skeleton stay here? Sometimes this skeleton Sucks: During cooking, the state of protein and starch changes. When the temperature of the bread pulp rises to 530°C, the starch grains fade, and at 65°C, their surface becomes clistered. At the same time, the proteins are denatured and form the skeleton of bread ŽŪPT 1969 122. Skeleton. The same origin, only spread from English and skeletonas — skeleton set-up —Skeleton, Skeletonfahren —ckenemon |also Polish. skeleton] — 1. „uncomplicated construction low racing single-seater toboggan without control device, with non-exclusive paddles to descend the ice track from the mountain. <*>“, 2. „toboggan sport — fast descent from mountains in steel single-seater toboggans without a control device. The athlete, lying on his stomach face down, controls the sledge with his feet (the studs on the ends of the shoes). — ‘ STŽ 1996. Fixed (only in the meaning of "rogučių- ") already in TŽŽ 1951; TŽŽ 1969 — no, TŽŽ 1985 —2. ‘sprt. branch — — “, Have even the Germans. But it is doubtful, pg. : The rules of this sport are simple: lying on 96 cm long unstoppable iron sleds, which in Lithuanian we would call skeletons (?! — J. K.). need to fly down the mountain in a winding ice ditch for more than a kilometer St 1978 14 9. CONCLUSIONS 1. the hood first appeared as a word borrowed from dialects, translations and dictionaries (and variants kapota, kapotė), meaning quite different clothes. In common language, this kapot existed mostly as an exoticism. The engine casing, later the body — chopped — much later, not in common language, but in some dictionaries of terms. The story of the subject ends with the official and emphasized implementation of this hood, but it is still in use, and the refinement and selection of its replacements — the hood, the cover, the hood — may not be finished yet. 2. The theory of stress, developed in 1936, arrived in Lithuania late. In 1973, the term stress itself was tried to be easily and noisily rejected without even looking at the theory. The tension of the already high semantic load of the proposed correspondence is also ignored. At least a little deeper into that theory and looking at the whole microsystem — stress, eustress, distress, as well as the connection of stress, different than tension, we already need medical literature and common usage to give stress and language norms. dispensation for terminologists. But it doesn't end there. Only a doctor can distinguish between simple tension and stress, but stress, which has certainly crossed the boundaries of medicine and become a symbol of globalized life, anyone wants to take, so it comes out anyhow. The same is true of the easy attempts to use other medical terms — depression, euphoria, apathy, frustration, trauma, shock. The use of non-specialists here inadmissibly exceeds both the limits of knowledge and moderation. 3.Griaučiai, already used in the 1898 Warp, although 190 Jonas Klimavičius | Term to Term, III not mentioned in LKZ III 1956 as a dialect, has a multitude of variants of the living language and related words. The school teaches: griaučiai. In the terminology of anatomy, skeletons have not easily and not yet completely overcome the international skeleton (this is still common in translations). Rubble is also cells, molecules, as well as the eyeball, iris, kidney. The skeleton remains here, and stroma is sometimes used (and synonymously). The "scratchers" are quite versatile. In construction, architecture, sculpture, and technology, the French brick is mainly used, although there are also simply brick. Skeleton is used in plant morphology, soil science and other terminology without a Lithuanian equivalent. Is it an eliminable or insurmountable remnant of prolonged ambiguity? 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Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail terminologai@]lki.lt Terminology | 2006 | 13 193