Номенклатура versus терминология (три подхода к выделению номенклатурных наименований)

HOMEHKIIATYPA TEPMI4HOIO I,I l VERSUS ( p ilo4xo a K Bb Ae H 4 o H e oMe HK a X) Hb x Ha 4MeH o eaHz ) (EP EI UlE l0B 4ucmumynT l3b Ko6 u Kynbnl)'p uMe l Jlaaa To cmozo AHol , 3 xapaKTepHb x p 4Me Hau e o BpeMeHl lBi le c bypHb 4 p oc o6 n eHa a eHo ii 4 KoMMep ec o Ko oMu {ec o , aAM 4H zc p noi.l au op u aqze i o oeapax 4 ycny ax, oKa3bIBaeMbIX Ha MelKAyHapoAHoM { Ha l . oHai bHoM ypoB lx. IJ s o i cB 3u 3acny)K {Rae np c anbHo o B 4MaH - l Ta ac b o6o:na- enu i, uc onb3yeMa l R coo Re c By o lu4x AoKyMeHTax, Ko opa-a Ha3b Bae o6 -e <' , M 4pa ToBapoB, yc y , oKa/ bHb x 4 Haq oHa b b x peanuil. 9ac o no4o6Hn e o6o:na. eH . { l TpaKTy o c KaK HoMeHK - Ha {MeHoBaH 4. , oAHaKo a yc no a yp Hb e c go6H x o6osua. e u ii n HayqHb x ny6 l aquqx { B TepM zHo/ o 4 {ecK x acc, e71oBa n- lx AaleKo He onpeAe/ eH. B g oi cB [.s 4 Hac o- ula- l pa6o a c aB {T ceoei qenb o HaMe . , ocHoBHb e, na ,16onee pac poc paHeH b e il B c qecKl e o K 4 3pe 4 l Ha oH lTp e "sol eu la' ypHb x Ha {MeHoBaH:ai ", " ol.eHxaa ypb " { nbl- ic 4Tb o6 qee pa3I l4 oe B H 4x. Bo-uepn , x, Mb o b aeMc <pa <u o6:op qpe3B ' qa iHo peAc aB {Tb OCHOBIILIX LIC' OpZqeCKH cIIO)KIIRIIII4XCq TO {eK 3peIII4 l IIO 3TOMy BOnpOCy. Bo-n op , x, Mb npe/AIo)K 4M, KaK peACTaB - le c , Aoc a o {Ho aKTyanbHoe A - l/ - l3 ) Ko3Ha { cooc eeHHoe peueH e Bonpoca o cocTaBe HoMeHK a- TypHb x ual uenosanl i. Pe ueH ae 3' o pacnpoc paH- le c- l Ha co :I b ceg { M} n oHb RecbMa pa: oo6pas ' x HoMeHK a' ypHb x eAVH aq (n ac uoc u,6uono uqecK e u TexHn {ecK e oMeHb ). pol e o o, oHo no3Bonae coxpaH 4Tb./BHy peHH o o qe/ b oc b oM€HK a' ypb KaK Teope 4 ecKo o o u u- l u Ha a oli ocB Be ycHo4TbTo MecMeHK Ho a ypb B cI,IcMe c le l 4a/Anoc l .Hoi uHoHoR uqec Texayui aexcunl u npe)K a n o6eaB:TaKo Kon Kp ep R4TeB Ae eH 4 l " olae <aa ypb " xax oco6o o Knacca cnequanbHb x Ha 4MeHosanu (npuueu KpxTepuu OC'IaIOTCJ{ eALIIILIMI,IIIIIII l CaMLIx pa3nI{lIIIbIX HaylII{bIX I LICI I.jIIIII4II eMa { ec ux o6nac e .i /). HanoHe , oHo coxpaH- lL cgs3L c eKo opb M ,{ Tpalp quoH b M {K oMeHKJ aTypHb M HaIIMe oB2lH lM. oAxol{aMl. I 'Ie n inologija | 2006 | 1,3 33 Yuo pe6neH 4e c/ oBa HoMeHK amypa l:Bec Ho 3aAo o Ao K..Il anHeq (1707-1778) u A., laKo eyaa e (I743-1794), npocyu{ec BoBa lo Heclb- Ko BeKoB 3Ha eH 4 { s 3ToM Ao o/ Ao Ha uux 71He i (no cBuAe enbc By A. [. Xa o 4Ha, c oBo HoMeHKnamypo o lRn le c- B enpone ic ux - l3 ,IKax y)Ke B XVI-XVII nn. [Xa o us 1972: 1-ZD, uo au nu cx a i < a oco$ 14 {c opuK HayK Y. Yesenbo i4-1866), no-B 4Al Mo y, 6mn nepBb M, KTO o b anc eope 4qK ec{ oco3Ha b 3ToT K acc Hayuu eKc {K { B e o po 4Bo oc aB eHlll4'MI4Ho epIo I4I,I (179 Y. Ygeenb, I4:eec b l; cBo lun pa6o auu n o6nac Me oAono 4ll L c opl ec ec BeH lblx HayK (n nepny o oqepeAb - 6 aoao au., x 4ML7k , M 4Hepano nu), eogHoKpa Ho KacaKo e c l Heopb x npo6 l3b HayK { {, B {ac Hoc , Tep{ M _ae o uu Cogep)KaHne Haz6onee qac o -I lT 4pyeMo o paKTa a " OznocoQ aa 4HAyKTI4BHb x HayK, ocHoBaHHa . Hax c op u" no3Bo l. e c Aoc a o Ho 4oc oBepHoc b o y Bep)KAa b, q o B HoMeHK a ypy xI4MI, LIecK . x 14 6nono u. ecKl x HayK Y. Yeee b BK oqae Ha3BaHl - l c {c eMa l4 u (pa- 3yMee c- l, coBpeMeHHo i e ' y, Y. Yeeen c) pac . enbHo o )KzBo Ho o M 4pa. Y ec no e e o i cB 3 np 4Bec 4 HeKo opb e Bb cKa3bIBaH . { aBTopa. "Iloneu <na ypa xnaccu( u aquonuo i HayKH - s o co6pauue uuen Bu-,qon, Pogon l Apy x oApa3Ae. 'elaw " [Whewell 1967: 462] (n ge- eHoM / Hal - C. u). " HanounuM, o epMuHono 4 l, - 3To 3b K A , l o 4ca l .a o6 'ex oa, HoMeHK a ypa - co6paune 4MeH caM x o6beK os" [Whewell 1967:535). K noueunna ype Y. Yseeab o Hoc He o bKo 4MeHa Bl AoB, Ho MHo le Apy ue Ha3BaH 4- l npeAc aBu enei pac e bHo o 1 MUpa. x( 4BoTHO o Xn . ecxy o HoMeHK a ypy np 4 TaKoM noAxoAe coc aBn { o pa3Hoo6pasHue Ha 4MeHoBaH 4- l Belqec B coeAlaueuui ( a : <e coReplxeHHo He3aBuc Mo o l x/ o oxeH { i e axconol, u a). C oi TolIKL 3peHz l xl MnqecKue uampuil, Q-op, xnop, )uasoMemaH, auemamd, cmeapuHola Kuc.iloma, o euHo1au Kuciloma, 0un emunznuoKcl M a, c)KeM, - TepIHbI.Ka HoMeHbI, amomuo il HoMep, cma6{unouo c Lsomonb , Q u Aqnomau - M . B o x<e BpeM l np 4 ipo xBo oc aB eH l "TepMla ,o o u - HoMeHKJ aTypa" o3 l - l Y. Yaeens geo ic eeulaa l., a iHo .qa 14 npo l4Bope { 4Ba . B callol Ae e, c oguo c opoHb , e e o pa6o ax {Me o c l KaK 6y4 o lp. lMb e Bb cKa3b BaH 4 o ToM, To HoMeHK IaTypa o paHH {I, Rae cs Ha3RaH:z M l B lAoB. C gpy o i c opoHb , npu o Ko-ceMaHT {qecKoM o6cy>x4e- / H 4 4 npo Bo oc aB euua " epn {Ho o l4- l - HoMeHKna ypa" Y. Yseen l a qeelo BCBo3Bpaulae c q K TpaKToBKe HoMe K Ho a ypb , co ac o opo i 34 Cep ei [lenon I Homeux amypaue sus mepMuno] ozu ... B Hee BK oi alo c aK)Ke Ha3BaH , Apy lx 6uono u. ecK x aKCoHoB poAoB, ce.n e ic e, o p AoB - 4 T. . l) a pax oBKa cB 3aHa c pa3 uq 4eM Me>l<Ay - lsb KoM o ca: . . A oSnex a (cau Y. Yseenb uHo Aa 4c o b3ye TepMu/H desc ip iue lc nguage, o ca e bu i xs x) 14 - l3b KoM, o opu i Mo)KHon 6no 6l Ha3Ba b - l3b KoMe ab BaH {- l o6 , Has. llepel i n o6pa3ye epMnHo o ulo HayK l, n opo i - ee HoMeHKna ypy. "C e6nu, nucTbq, IIBe bI 14 n IoAbI pac euu u o Hoc- l q {ec K H M ac " o y 6 , ' c o/ b pasHoo6pa3Hb oM 4, o6 qu i - l3b K coBep eHHo HeAoc a oqeH An l Bb palKeHua o6e o 4 pa3n 4qHo o B 4x, - [ e Y. Ygee . E zo an a no3ToMy Hy)KAae c.a HC To bKo onpeAene no cnc eMe Ha3RaHI, pac e- R Hnii, Ho { B Bb pa} (eHuax (ph ases).qna o 4caH l Hx. ac e i: He o , (o B oMe {Kl a ype, Ho l B Tep d o/ o un (a , 4eneuo aBTopoM - C. ilI.)" [Ysne 1869: lIpH e o u , oBop- l o HoMeHK a ype, 495]. Y. Y:eea HeoAHoKpa Ho noA epK ' Rae ee 6onee np-aMylo coo HeceHHoc b c,qe ic' au enbHoc bK). HenocpeAcTBe ' Hy o AaHHoc b 3Ha eH { l I oMeHoB B no3HaH { 4. B coo se c B { c g , M HoMeHb 14M Tep4Hb o-pa3HoMy BBoAq c{ B Hay Hu o6nxo,q. 3ua. enue HoMeHoB, co acHo Y. Yseen c, Heo l c bKo Quxc pye cx AeQuuzqueii, Ko opa-a yc aHaBn {Bae e o paH , qbl, cKo bKo 4 l oc p pye c" lxuu-nu60 4 . qHb M peACB Ta4Te eM. Oso He c o bKo o epa 4Bae c cHapy)K {, cKo/ bKo npeAbsB le cq ceoei qeHTpalbHoil o. o ; oHo on 4cblBae cq He eM, q' o ueu:6e)KHo plcK lloqae c. l, a eM, {To He . 3MeHHo BK oqae c- l B He o. B npo neo o/Io)KHoc b o oMy epM Hono u-a 6onee opuel 4poBaHa Ha,qeQuuu lu o, Ha Ao oBopeHHoc b. l4 ax, c o4uoi c opoHb - HoMeHK a ypa KaK BCe Ha3 ,alaLl c c eMa l KZ pacT e/ bHo o I/I M {pa, Bce Ha3BaHu l pupoAHb x op aH . 3- )Kp BoTHo o on, oco6ei ux coBoKy Hoc e , c 4py o i - "Ha3BaHu , o6naga olll e HenocpeAc seuHoi AaHHoc b o {x 3Ha eH {- B o3HaHuu". 3aueu4M, {To 3T 4 ABa TTOAXOAa BTHypeHHe, B paMKaX TeOpeT {qecKOIO eAT4HOIO B3 _ ,Aa/ Ha l3b K HayK 4 noo6 qe, ec ec BeHHb x HayK u 6nono u l, B ac Hoc a. l loxo coBMec l4M . I4u epecHo, o np 3ToM geo ic eenHa{ no3nll} - l Y. Yoeens o6yc onuaa pa3l { Hb e noH MaH { HoMeHKna ypb B Aanb- He il eM. Tax, cy qec BeHHo uoR e an B c aHoB IeHuI4 Hay {Hn 6uoao . ecK 4x a3Bas a i 6n n cB- l3aH cIeq'I'enbHoc b o / K. IIuHHeq. C. u ae c l, o B e o K/ accz. ec <o pa6o e "Species Plan a um" (I753 .) 6ul a 3a o) (eHb ocHoRb aK Ha3b Baeno i 6uuapHo (uua. {e - 6 {HoM {a/ bHo i, 6 aHouu- Te minologiia | 2006 | 13 35 b anHoii) HoMe K a yp ' - o6o: e qeu le B /(ol) pacle uil (no4uepnueu: To (o nu4on) qepe3 poAoBOe Ha3uaH 4e 14 HeKoTop i l n B 4AoBo o o' ilL q . Eeccnop ' M pegc aB e c o ax , q o n coBpeMe Hoi 6o aH . . ecno i u 3oo/ ol . qec oii uol eHK/ a ype, ocuoBaHHo i ua pa6o ax K. J1zuues, a{3BaH KaK lpaB , lo, BJ J o c B {AoB, oco6b M B 4AoM Ho, aq {u. Hayuuoe Ha3BaH 4e po4a o6osHaqae c oA} ,IM J a 4 {cK M c/ oBoM, a a3naH e o Hocaule icq KHeMy ocnosHo i c: c eMa 4 {KoTe iIOpI4[I - BI'IAa - yTo I _Tc l BTOpbIMOBIBOM, CIT'Ta'IH K4 CIeCKII OTHI- CIeM K K K K_ epeoMy: Mai, mononb en (uc ulus alba), 6p c 6c) c, c, c, c (Euc us uc c c ( ), xc 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c 'c (Ae:e n egundo), Kunapuc Ka uM upcKuii ( Cup essus co neyano), casap ca e o)c caq (B an a cc nadensis), 0peaecuan lugub is), (Aneides canaMaHApa xa ca}y udpua i (P oboscige a e imus), U nnx )Ke moK { oeax (Eg e a eulopho es) u . u. (a 3oo/ o l 4 pacnpoc paHe b aK)Ke a3BaH l a: pdx c/ oll - TpzHoM 4a/ bHb e, ,qe nocnL'A L'e 4:l pex - Ha: BaH 4e ollB 4Ia: HanpnMep, Kpb Mc cuil o eHb (Ce uus elaphus b aune i)). B opo i KoM oHeH B 6nazopo0uo il Ha3BaHZ 3 4Te oM. lpa e ou eu a4a o6 uuo Ha3blBae c e o B 4lIoBbIM goso o nus i eHl4 l; Blyq ueM c yqae o epeAae l b oAI4H . 3 MHo x 3 4Te ', Aaxe ecnn oH Bb palKeH TepM {HoM, o H oAb He{cqep , pacBae B 4AoBb x p 43HaKoB, coBep xeHHo oc au,T l l B TeH Bce oc ai bH e. Hey4uBu e b o o3ToMy, q o Oco ca Ma oulemKoaan (Ca ex pauci lo a) lox<e po 4Bonoc aB/ T l'c- coBceM se Oco ceozoulem co MHeoil(Ca ex plu i lo a), a Oco ce xa c co)c o i (Ca ex hakkodensis); MHo ca OcozousemKola l (Ca ex plu i lo a), B cBolo oqepeAb, Mo) (e po zBonoc aB - bc- l Ocoxe monsuoil (Ca ex limosa) . . B pa4e ci y aeB nu4oaoii 3Te ul pon3BeAeH o 4MeH n L eo pa< u ecKp x na:saul ii: cp. Oco ca l qenuua (Ca ex gmelini) nu Keuuzus ucnau)c cas (Koenigia islandica) (no He o op<b M AaHHbIM {c o TaK x c yqaeB coc aBue 4o 20oh B 4-loBb x B"- 3 eloB s 6o a ane). 4onoil 3 e , TaK M o6pa:on, B Ha3BaH 4 BI4Aa He coo Hoc 4Tc- l c e o 6nono zqec o cy quoc b o, A l oH B 3qanno i Mepe ycnoBeH, a xapaKp 4c uxoi, l geHlz(Baq zpy o Bl AoB z6 Heeeu oc pac eH - - - - - 3 o o ucaH 4e 14 3aKpenn eT cooTReTcTBy oilLee 3a B l AoBb M Ha3BaH eu. Tax . u :1]{a eH 4e o6pa; ou, s 6uoao zz oM Io4Ha J "ec ec Be llb x Bl B" olx/ a no [y 4 BeII4aIeHIl l CuHKpel' l4:Ma HaUMeHOBaHI4 3a C eT IIOTep14IO e aHa, l ll:l_N, a, 36 Ce.c i.p llle on Ho u ' xnumlpa c su meMuHo)? 1 . I,Ibo Kpa Koe I ay lHqs FIa3BaH {e l} {Aa He o pa)Kae e o o J q i n uy> Hl, cIIeLlz nbHb e cpeACTBa, q' 'o6b ux ycTaHoB lTb. 4aalHeii xeM oH e BuAa - KaK oc {oBHa ell H la B c {c eMe )K BbIX H Op aHI43MOB 3Ta I I'IX KaTIeCTRL'HHbIIi 3ROIIOII14I4. KaK OC oIlHa'I TaKCOTTOMT{qecKa l Ka Te op 4 l e 6 4ollo Hqec Ko c {c L MaT ,lKe - l aHq]Io leHTpal h oe MecTo Ro Bceli 6uono u. ecKo i TaKcoHoM Ll, a Ha3BaH { l B {- AoB 3aH l l { 66n ' y o u oIa/Bn l o qy c L ac , Ha3Ba 4iTaB Ac4 npe)K T u BoT o o I4 pac{Te bHo oTe pa B 6 Mlo p u. 3 o no:eonJ eT peA- IO IOX 4Tb, qTO R OCle[ {HeeBCKOe BpeM TepMUH oMeH ( aT).1)a, He Tep - cBoe o [pe)K ]e o ilHaqe ,l l, npuo6pe ae exle oAHo. On Ha. unae yno p e6laTbc J{ np e MyII{ecTBeHH o il 4c K. o TenbHo K Ha3Ba { qM BI AoB, o6p a sy K o q lx 6uuap y. o oMe y aq1y. 3 o np e4n o )K H 4 o e / e qac 4 {Ho Mo)Ke 6 , ' nol BepxAeHo B3 'n la, A. C. Mnnas (1806- IB73), coBpeMeHI Ka coo eqec Bel Ka Y. Y:eeaq. !. C. Mzn/ , 3Ha Y. Yeeen l 14 F eolHoKpa o ccb / a cb Ha Hux, a "CIac el4e o l K 4 c l o uqec o 4 HnyKl nno i" pa36e pae eKo opb e 4: e o noaoxenn . B lac ocTll, Kaca cb Bol poca o HoMc K/ a1', pe, oH l 4 xeT: "cloea HoMeH- Knamy p( mep MuHo oz u 6onnu uuc BoM aBTopoe yno pe6n o c- l o 'lu 6espasll uHo, 4 {-p K) n , iepBb i, HacKo/ bKo l 3Ha o, np 4Aan s M AByM / TepM 4 aM pa3i ul b e: Haqe 4 l. Bnu4y o o, q o yc a oBJ eHHoe 4M pa3qlnil e Me)I(Ay 3TLIM14 cJ oRaMI I e MeIeic R 4TenbHoe / LI Ba)K oe 3Ha c'Hue, HaM HaAo cneAona b e o p . uepy" [M aaa , 1899: L 565]. O4ua <o Aa ee o poAoni (ae : "Flouc xaaTypy Mo)(Ho onpeAen 4Tb KaK coBoKynHocTb na:sa uiiex BC ec eclBe b x pa3pqAoB, c Ko opb M 4 HMee 4eno a I4n 4 [pylag. OTpaCnb 3HaHI4 l, HnH, nyLIlIIe, BCeX HII3TIIIiX eCTeCTBeHHITIX pa3p lAoB (no4uep <uy o a{ - C.ilI.) - Tex "Hu:l 4x B AoB", Ko opaue MO yT, paApaBAa, no3Ac/ lTbc , o y) F e Ha ecTecReHb e pa3p ~ , Ke4 KOTOpb e COOTBe'ICTRy O nOO6IIIe'IOMy, qTO B'c:TeCTBO3 aHx 4 Ha3b BaeTC l poc o "Bu4au " lMunn , 1899: 5651. l4 ax. Ha3BaH , , 3u x ec ec BeHHb x pa3p Aou oT oc_ lTc I< oMe KilaTyp e) a a:JBaH q Bcex 'aKco oB Bb l e B {AoBb x (uaseauzx poAa, ceMe ic a, o p Aa. K acca u . .) npn'laKoM oAxo,qe He o {oc lTc l ( oMeHK,' a ype u aK 4M o6pa: o , c c-a Kopee Bc e o, qB o qac b o 6 , o; o u. ec o iM Tep Hono n . . cp. M eKonu na cLLJue - xL uJHb e - Kou aahu - KoLuKa (Mammalia - Ca niuo a - Felidae I'elis), M eKonumo culue - npuMamil - ye6u0oab e - pe6yH (Mammal- ia - P es im - C ebi dae - Alou u), 0 ay)onaua e - canuu0o6b e - K eHo- 6b e - x.aan - (Dico y,le l<>nes Sapindales - Ace uceae - Ace ) . . Te ninologiia | 2006 | 13 37 4u epec uo, l o pa:lB ue x {M qec oi HoMeHK a yp b nou/ o np 4Hu {n 4a bHo {H ' M, IpaKTua ecK 4 po ulBo oo o (HTeB M, nyM. B u ec , geca b x oAax XVIII B. yc l. M a . 4e Mopeo, A.la ya '" u Ap / ocylqec - B l e c l p eQopua x 4M 4 ecKoi nouennna ypb , zcxoA. i u as 143 np {H una, COIIaCHO KOTOpOMy Ha3BaHI4e OAHO3HaiIHo Ha BeqeCTBa AOnXHO e o coc aB. Ha:saHza x MaqecK , x Beqec B { coeAuHeHui , yKa3LIBaTb xu uecKa-a HoMeHKJ a ypa, KaK npaB {/ o, 4 B HaL[u AH {coAep)Ka MaKcL Myl auBe<]-,op " a u 4 o Be ec . coAepxaqe ic s e o x 4M {ecnoil $op " yne, cp. cyna< uO Kanbuu l, MoHooKCuA neHmeoKcuE }uasoma, mempa e.uun6opam ),znepoAo, Hampu l, mempaeonozeHMemeH B xu uq, TaK 4M o6pa:om, HoMuHa 4 T. . III4 l y)Ke OTKpbIT IX, a TaK)Ke BnepBbIe O'IKpbIBaeMbIx Vn Cl{HTe3I'IpyeMbIX Be {ec B y u coeq HeH 4- ( o opax Mo J a 6u 6n aHa o oM ua eaHu i "ec ec BeHHb x B . {AoB" n 6noao anl) no una coBep xeHHo lo npy oMy, cKopee npo lBo olo)KHoMy, yT 4, - IIo yT 4 yMeHb xeH[_ l c 4HKpe: 3Ma HaI4MeHOBall l l. 3a C eT BbII4IpbII Ia e O aHaII {T I3Ma, KO Aa pOT l)KeHIIOe NO I{I4CNY CBOIIX TL'PMXHO3NCMCI{TOB HAYqHOC HA3BAH}IC B 3HAqUTC[bHOi c e eH 4 o pa)Kae ny e o c pyK ypc <popuyny. a-e 4uuoMy, aHaJ o l4 {F o, He o Hoc lTC K HoMeHKna ype (u e ol. ee oH {Mann a!) { aHa oM 4 ecK 4e o6osua. en 'a uaseaHuiH uua zpe6e louuama l, Mb LJaolau 0 uuuaquauaua M1a l, np Mb ua 0ayznaaan n eqa, 6eHa 6usanbue , 6eHa 6HaHmepH 3 HKH , se L Kol Kolo z6Ha, ny na 0Han6a Na 6Ka eoLuqe M. ay e Ba c ,e "Ho , esxaa ypa" Tpe be o 3qa i Bo; n oi coge cxopi cH { {KnoneA la lp {BoA. l: Tc J o ABa 3Ha {L'HI4 3To c oBa / "Ho.H. esua ypa (na . nomenclc u a - nepe. eHb, pocn 4cb a u eu), 1) cuc e u a (coeo ynuoc ) uasna:l:. :z L, epM 4 oB, yno pe6 aeMb x B <a <oi-nu6o o paclu HayK {, TexHxKx; 2) cuc e u a a6c pa nux u ycnoBHb x c {MBo/ oB, Ha3 a eH {e xo opo i Aa b MaC 4Ma bHo yAo6Hoe c paKT 4 ec oil o. z:JpeH { l cpeAc no 4ax o6o:Haq 4 npeAMe' oB". Cxa:auuoe o3Bo - le c lopuynllpoBa' b, uo <pailueii Mepe, Tp . pa3/ {q- Hb x oHnMa]H] . HoMeHK a ypn : 1) oMeHK a ypa KaK coBoKyn oc ) HayqHb x ua:eaH ai Bcex py ln lpe71cTaB 4 eae i pac l{TenbHo o 14 }I(uBo Ho o Mxpa; 2) o 'leu <na ypa KaK coBoKy {oc b o6o:na. eH onn <o "H l3 uux ec ec BeHHb x pa3p Ao " (e 6 o o u, Ha pl{Mep, B Ka {ec Be TaKOB TX B , CTynaIOT 6 aUOl auanb lb e H33B2Hl1 B {AOB )K lBbIX Op aHU3uon); 3) Ho u euua' ypa KaK coBoKy Hoc b o6o:Ha. eHni, n e oulz : Ka ec Be csoe i qac x Heopb e l{oc a oqHo yc/ oKo B b e o6o3 , a. eHu l 3 8Cplcii Llle on I lTomeux. nm)'pa ue sus mepMuHonozul Tex oH. lTui, KoTopb e' cTo T 3a cooTBeTcTBy oilI lM 4 o6o3Ha. eH M { B IenoM. Tax. ex eH , Ke HoMeHK/F a ype ex q ecKux uzgenui o Hoc ', Hanpu ., ep, < yHnq oHu py cu{ 4e B npoMbl uneHHHHT { Top oB Ha MeH Ba4. MexaH , 3B annapa oB, TexHu ecK 4x yc po ic e { Ma RH{, {x RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR- RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR- RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR- RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR- RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR- RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR {", cp. q nQa MT3 80. noAluunuu c 80301, Hacoc MIII 3A, HacaAKu Kii che 310, co* npeccop BII2-10/9, auemuneHoaa il zeuepamop EAKC1, aamoh o1una KamA3-43 1 7 4, camonem "EoL HZ 717" u . n. "K HoMe K la ype Mo)KHo o Hec 4 (u o6 uuo o Hoc a ) c nuc xl{ Ha} M e H o sanui . u z nui a <o o-n 60 oAHo o p eAnp . q 4 l ge (Hanp a u ep, BCe MoAen { TpaKTopoB ollHo o 3aBoAa " lT3"), ToBapoB Kaxo o-nu6o Ma a3 ,lHa, cop oB, T. e. ucKycc BeHHo Bb BeAeHHh x pa3Ho{A oc e i e (B uanp au, n py on)", - <alue B. M. I. ux [Ieileili un I974: 791. Mo; <Ho lo a a b, o ycnoBHue o6oesa. esus. MT3 80, 80301, MI I 3A, Kii che 310, B II2-10/ 9, EAKC-1, KamA3-43114, "Bou uz" s" np 4BeAeHHb x p {Mepax ecTb e ycloBHb e c {M- 747 "a6c paKTHb e b e 4 Bo b . Ha3Ha eHl e Ko opb x Aa b MaKc 4Ma bHo }/Ao6uoe c npa c uuec o ToqK l 3peH 4- l cpeAc Bo gna o6oena eH , - l npeAMe oB", xo op e yno- M Halo c- l B Ko i onp co lac Ho Eo ,u o c oBe c e11eneHZ 4 HoMeHKna ypb , 3HU , K/IOIIe,UI414. B gan 'ueiu eM l 3 o)(eH { MbI 6yge 'l oRopu b o HoMe Kl a ) )el, oMe K aT)ape2 L oMe RJ aT) pe3, cooTBeTCBeH o, a ynoM.Hy .Hy o Bb xe Aoc a o {Ho yc noB o qHyac b. {{oMe K n a )4)Ho o o6os Map , 6yAeu Ha3 BaB Tb MeR /(Tyl aH ' M M )3aHaHaHa (HnKaRM T aT aT aMn' M Mn . llp" 3' oM Bb - lB e nb e {c opuqecKIl c o)K B x14ec l pa3nu! - Hb e paKToBK , lp BCei 4x HecoBMec 4Moc {, RCe xe 4Me o qen i px4 o6qu MoMeHToB, 3-3a Ko opblx 4x {ac o KoHTaM 4H 4py o , Ho Mb F e 6yae nl Ha 3ToM oc aHaB Ba bc- l, a 6oaee noqpo6uo paccMo p {M oqep Ie H HO e BbIIIIe IOH- l TI4e IOMeIIK IaI TybI3. Kp u ep uu, R , 4e J a oilI 4e oMe K ila py 1 u: o6qe o p- l .4a c nell 4<a b o . HayqHo-TexHl4 {ecKo o xapaKTepa,< e)Ka aK)Ke B nnocKoc ! . 3 u Kp 4Tepl 4 l L Hl lcnex.c z I4 l . ec o coo Hoc- lTc l He o/ bKo c Bo pocoM ". o o6o3uaqae cs?" (c npegnonolKn e bHb M o Be oM - ac Hble oH lT {- l 4auHoi oSnac 3HaHn , o6pa:y oul ae oM Ha 4B b e p- lAb , o Hoc- lnluec- l K oA oMy 6o ee o6qeuy uou u o), Ho { c sonpocoM "xa o6o:naqae c ?" (c lpeAlo ox( {Te b b M o Be oM - AByxKoKoH oH€HTHb M o6paso , Te minologija | 2006 | 13 39 Ae nepBbII4 KoM o e ooo3HallaeT c IeIILIa b oc poAoB oHg' e, oo lee Rqoe Ilce o HoM Il{HaTVBIaHo o pqii, a l} opo AocTaTol Ho y oclBH llJoe coo c - - BHe uHelo np 43 aKa). YcloeHoc b Bb 6opa 3ToIo l p . 3HaKa. no-B {A {MoMy, 4Me/ B u 4Ay . O. Buuo <yp, olMeqal: "lloueny laun , i.i ' 'aK, He npeAMe a3naH a aqe, AJ HoMeH (na ypF b x o6o3HaqeHui. 6oaee l n MeHee 6e:pa:l- {qHo, To Aa Ka ( I/ J Tep /M . IIIa, cTpeMaIIIe ocx o6na,4aTb oC Mb C/ eH loi,i BHy pe e Qopno , o o o e b nax , ii B() poc. C s uu cB 3aHo qac o a6l o,4a o leec l c peM/ eHue K:]aMeHe HoMeHK/ el yp pa3Ho o poAa c {c eMa4 no4oe" [Buuoxyp 1939: 8M ]. Paccl o peHHb e oqKI 3peH . I a : ,IKoeol)i Ma ep lan o3llo/ e' c0op- Myn {poBa b cJ eAy}oulee Ton (oBa }1c oMc'HKnaTyPHo o Ha}lMeHoBaHl s, Ko opoe Moxe 6 ,l ' npu a' o, lo xpa ue i Mepe. KaK oII o i3 lo3Mo)KH Ix BHy pen c nocJ eAoBa p ,H X no, oxe nii. lh lle; oul x o poMHl, i..i na. c equanbHb x l 3b KoBb x eA 4HnII n exHuqec a. HayLIHo-' Ko o apaK' eP HoneHxaa ypHoe Ha lMeHoBa le (uoueH) - 3To epMnHono uqecKoe o6osHa. eHne qac Ho o c[e {} anbHo o oHq {q xaxo i-; u6o o6 u 3Ha u , A cqu nll ' nac eMa ecxo i o6aac l, (oTopoe TOI,IT I. coc I3 AByx J e (c lKo-cI,I Ta (c ec ( D( (oM oHe ToB, cli laTaKc aqecK l nanHn i l- 3 Ko op D( - lBn e c-lI epM iHoM, cRoM il c no 'o,ce a oq e u o o6 4e oBo l 3 ' Ka . o6o3 a. o c,' o,' Boe poAoBoe o neH o i o6nac a, a c l a (cnec , h H He He He n o l . ycl oBH ' M, BHe nM (4n 4aH o i o6ilac w su an. l. A l, o6o:Ha. eHus coo Be c By ou{e o uo x u ) 3 a (oM (ue xo i, "3T lKe Koii") ^ c,Ty) ( lT An l R Ae,Te l l [ 3 poAoBo o loH l lHMeHoHo o aHo o oH l , QuxcupyeMo o B equa,' ,H , x olp caH lx, To, (oHuxx, g, ll { ix .R . C u axc qec K l oAql e Hn il gna xKou oHe oMe H ( aT)apHo o a MeHoB an 4 l (n e a op lqecKn yuo pe6aeHHH cnoBo I{,'IIII CIOBOCOETAIIIIC O6UICTO l3T'I, AHTPOIIOHVRIIMHI{ TILLILITITOTOTOTO TO, a66peepaw c eq bO 6Hanyxneu-o-qnepo-qo aq s) o6p as T . lo -s n i Hoe coAepxaH , e c lHTa (c qe c K / aBHo o (o Ho oHe a HoMe H (na yp Ho o a . Me oB a , l TaK) (e Mox(e n 6 n p e 3yn Ta oM ue aQopu c{ K x 3Me He. i o6 nsm p o o i,' eKc MOB - OTAe/IbH 'Ie IIO/lOX(eHLI l yTBep)I(AeHlI; I, IIIIIOT€3bI, I(OHqeuql.I l . . cooTBeTcTBy oqe i o6, ac l1 3 aH.k l) oGpasy o ee Me aHoMe l (,ilaTypHb e a Me oBaHl l a lTpo loH {Ml{ {ecKo o p nH TO o I1IMHqecKo o R Aa. C ono y uoc ' B c ex HoMe Kna ) pHb x Ha {Me oB a . i4 (Houe - Hoa) o i unu z.wo o6aac u coc aR le ee oMeHK a ; } 4)y. O; 1 . H l3 HecKoJ bKo HeoxxAaHHhIX pe3yJIb a oB, K Ko' opbIM MbI npHXoA {M. coc' o 4T, l'aKI, M o6pa: ol , } ToM, ITo ec: ll4 B Haqa e ga oi pa6o Ko I . cxo/J { l 3 To o, q o ep{ lono| 4 l 14 HoMeHK/ a' ypa npoT T {Bo IOcTa l RK)' c l Apy llpy y, ' o ] ee Heo)K 4AHHo Bbl. lcHJ{e c l, o HoMe ( a ypa (n o4HoM l3 Bo3Mo) ' x ee noH MIMau l i ARBO EOTI'I [IIOC T'I'IETC' P Ao AoHONTIOTI, EE,B,I, A CET CEMET HEMT'RRRRRR'A bb iac b o, OCR6RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR- RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR- RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR- RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR- RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR- RRRRR 3e l' u, q o 3To BHe-[ le "ueo>nn4au oe" pe xeHue. Bo poca o cooTl o eHl 4' epM 4Ho/ o { 4 . HoMeHKilaTypb B 3Ha-. aTea , o i uepe o6 ,xcH le c i ll{c o ep{IIo] o HaIecK?IM { np ql{HaMlM 4. Ta , e-cnu c { {T'a , o K HoMeIIaM o Hoc:-g cg lol bKo e eA {III4ubI, Ko opble Ha'Ine Ha3blRa oTc . l HOMeHK/IaTIPIIbIMI4 IIo3a'IeII- lMTI, 'O pe:lynbT oKa>(Ta) 6 sonee " 1 {,B Hl M loMeHn (Mau a MuH u ul x ue ep ep epy 6Ay KaMl , a l'HaHb H. q o { lpel{Ilona a/]ocb, F I{Ko I{a He 6yly HOMeHaMI{. Iloc ouy lo/ yqe { b : unog e IoI)Ke { o6/ecxypax<I{ }a'- b. np ouuq! 4a/ bHo Rb Ae - l eT HoMe K/ aTyp)' B B pelle laxM {IIo/ o {I4, TaK 3To ee "nl eil Hl l" ", ycaona i, leB l B {ponanl -ui I JII{ oLIT Mo 4 e Mo ll ] ipona ' ' R i RHyTp 4l{ 4c l 4 nuHHIMbH H ^{n ,{, TaK 3To ee "nl eil R Hl " ", ycaona i, llllll R R R R R R (""Iponanl R R R -ui I J R Rx "") noH - O4ua o <}yu qnoHa bHa-a o6 quoc , TepM . Ha 4 IloHnMaeMo o laKI4M o6pa:o.u ncelo loMeHKna ypHOIO Ha 4MeHOBaHU l COXpaH e' c l - Bb pa)Ke {He cneqaa/ b lo o IIoH_ l Tuq. Ta x<e coxpaH- elc, l { Aa) (e yc14 uBae cx Heo6 ogl4Moc l c IeLI] allbHoI'o pa3b. lc eHu I 31'o o o T Tu nocpeTBOM c-neb {anIlpe IIA 3 la e IHb x An 3To o cpeAc B - oil {ca {1, c l-, Hl4ll, LJ loc U, Japal{TepCT , :KLl VH Q 33, op Ac H b x np {BB]A , oncRui cx ApeMexeMe<e> 1974; e uaHolla CBuu og 1986; 19U7; Ca ' 6ypoea 2000]. Xapa epHo, o ll p /le F opMa l B {b x ep HoJM uq o ecK 4- c,, onap 'i peAC' aB c'Hb Ha Teln inologija i 2006 | 13 41