Lietuvių terminologijos disertacijos

Terminology | 2007 | 14 179 Dissertations on Lithuanian terminology AUŠRA RimKUtĖ Institute of Lithuanian Language 1961 Antanas Balašaitis. History of Lithuanian Linguistic Terms. PhD dissertation in philology (Vilnius). The dissertation reviews linguistic terms that have been used since the Catechism of M. Mažvydas until 1961. The material is collected from grammars, main dictionaries of Lithuanian language, the most important works of linguistics, articles, etc. The terms of individual branches of linguistics are described along with the development of those sciences. Terms of grammar, lexicography, lexicology, dialectology, accentology and general Baltic linguistics are extensively examined. The dissertation consists of five parts, conclusions and an appendix containing two indexes: a historical index of Lithuanian linguistic terms and an alphabetical index of all the terms examined in the dissertation. In the first part, a brief overview of Lithuanian grammar is given – from D. Klein’s (1653) to J. Jablonski’s (1901, 1911, 1919) grammar. Until the 19th century, Lithuanian grammar was published in Latin or German, and terms were used in Latin according to the medieval Western European tradition. It was only in the 1930s that grammar began to be written in Lithuanian. The Latin grammar prepared by S. Daukantas (1837) sets out the most important aspects of Lithuanian language morphology and uses Lithuanian terms. In the second half of the 19th century the terminology of Lithuanian grammar was created by J. Juška, A. Baranauskas, K. Jaunius. By the end of the 19th century, the basic terms of phonetics, language and word parts were already used, e.g.: vowels, diphthongs (K. Kasakauskas), noun, adjective (S. Daukantas), syllable, root, ending (J. Juška), letter, spelling (A. Baranauskas), prefix, suffix, compound words, verb (K. Jaunius) and others. The second part of the dissertation briefly reviews the history of Lithuanian lexicography. A lot of space is devoted to K. Buga’s works and the 180 Aušra Rimkutė | Lithuanian terminology dissertation for terms, e.g.: lexicology and lexicography were used more widely only in the middle of the 20th century. The third part examines the development of dialectology and dialectology terms, e.g.: dialect (A. Baranauskas), spoken language, dialect (K. Jaunius) and others. The fourth part, based on the works of F. Kuršaitis, K. Jaunius and K. Būga, describes the terminology of accentology, e.g.: firm beginning, firm-end preposition (A. Baranauskas), rising, breaking preposition (K. Būga) and others. The fifth part focuses on international terms used in linguistics, which are common to many languages, including the Baltic ones. Detailed conclusions are presented at the end of the dissertation. 1968 Stasys KEINYS. Types of construction of Lithuanian monosyllabic terms. PhD dissertation in philology (Vilnius). The aim of the dissertation is to show the actual word formation processes in terminology and to raise the types of word formation offered for use. The material was collected from the dictionaries of law (1954), geology and physical geography (1956), physics (1958), sports (1959), land reclamation (1960), chemistry (1960), textiles (1962) and literature (1962), reviewed by the Terminology Commission of the Institute of Lithuanian Language and Literature of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. The dissertation consists of a preface, two-part investigation, conclusions, abbreviations and bibliography. In the first part, the theoretical foundations of Lithuanian terminology creation and practical work overview discusses the general principles of terminology creation, main tendencies. The history of terminology begins with the works of M. Mažvydas, M. Daukša, K. Sirvydas. The second stage is associated with the activities of S. Daukantas, L. Ivinskis, J. Pabrėža and other famous people of the 19th century. particular attention is paid to the works of J. Jablonski, K. Buoga, S. Šalkauskas. It is discussed how the terminology of various fields was managed and standardized. The second part synchronously examines the current types of monosyllabic term formation. The author examines only the construction of one-word terms made from nouns. In this section, the derivatives of suffixes, endings, prepositions, and the most recent suffixes are discussed in detail. According to St. Keinis, most of the constructed nouns used are derived with suffixes, for example, the aforementioned dictionaries contain about 5,000 constructs made by the Lithuanian language itself. Detailed conclusions are presented at the end of the dissertation. borrowed, foreign, personal names, etc. According to the author, the terms Terminology | 2007 | 14 181 1969 Kazimieras GAIVENIS. Compound terms in contemporary Lithuanian language. PhD dissertation in philology (Vilnius). K. Gaivenis extensively discusses the structure of Lithuanian compound terms (types, order of elements, transformations, etc.), the semantic functions of secondary elements, as well as the presentation of compound terms and their definitions in dictionaries. The examples are collected from dictionaries of terms published in the post-war years and original scientific works in various fields. The dissertation consists of four chapters. The first chapter discusses the concept of compound terms, its name, characteristics and relationship with other categories of lexicology. The second chapter examines the structure of compound terms. The conclusions are presented at the end of the chapter. The author writes that not all the word combinations presented in the dictionaries of terms should be considered as compound terms, but only those whose main elements are nouns. In modern Lithuanian, the majority of compound terms consisting of two elements are used, the majority of which are species compound terms. The third section describes the semantic functions of the sub-elements of the compound terms. The last chapter of the dissertation discusses how compound terms are presented and interpreted in glossaries. The author emphasizes that the dictionaries of terms must be as complete and accurate as possible to present the entire system of terminological concepts of a branch of science. Therefore, all types of compound terms and their grammatical configurations must be rationally included in them. 1983 Angel of Death. Valuable in the current Lithuanian technical terminology. PhD dissertation in philology (Vilnius). No new terminology in the field can be achieved without values. Valuation is a complex process. It is related to many other theoretical issues of terminology, such as translation, borrowing, word formation, polysemanticism, homonymy, etc., so the examination of value is useful and relevant not only for terminology, but also for the whole common language. The dissertation examines the Russian-Lithuanian Polytechnic Dictionary (1959), Russian-Lithuanian-English Dictionary of Computing Technology Terms (1971) and Physics Terms Dictionary (1972). (1979). The dissertation consists of a preface, four parts, conclusions, seven tables, as well as lists of sources and literature and an appendix (register of values and induces). The first part focuses on theoretical value pro- 182 Aušra Rimkutė | Lithuanian terminology dissertation problems, such as values and values, etc. Values are divided into groups: constructive, semantic, phraseological and composite values. These groups are divided into subgroups. In the second part, the operative values are studied, e.g.: superpressure; Nelaidininkas, plg. rus. непроводник, vok. Non-conductive and others. Also examined are compound words used in physics – value words, e.g.: savivirtis, plg. rus. cамосвал; wavemeter. The third part examines semantic values (also called values of meaning), when the meaning of a word is borrowed, e.g.: crane, cf. Russian лебёдка (borrowed meaning "a device by which something is lifted or moved"). Phraseological and composite values are discussed in the fourth part, for example, the terms used in physics white noise; High frequency accelerator, plg. rus. высокочастотный ускоритель, vok. High frequency accelerator. In the author’s opinion, the values arise when the common Lithuanian language and dialects do not have a suitable word to name the necessary concept, as well as when a borrowed or international term is not used. The terms whose creation is non-Lithuanian and the motivation is borrowed are considered to be complete values. Some of the values are normative, others are non-normative, e.g.: degreasing, plg. рус. обезжиривание, dt. Degreasing etc. 1993 Jonas KLIMAVIčius. The term system of melioration. Humanitarian mokslųdaktarodisertacija (Vilnius). The dissertation examines “not so much scientific concepts as linguistic semantic microsystems of terms, not only terminologically, but also lexicographically. Since the science, its conceptual apparatus is international, and a part of the concepts are named with international words, first of all we start with the dialinguistic analysis – borrowing and value (borrowing and valuing), then we look at the correspondances and differences – microsystem transformations, determined by the characteristics of the native language”. The author emphasizes that melioration is as old as agriculture, i.e. farming, the origin and foundation of all cultures and all kinds of cultures. The word itself is much newer. The origin and history of melioration are discussed in detail, synonyms and antonyms (degradation, deterioration, pejoration), as well as foreign equivalents (especially abundant English polynymy). In addition, hydrology and other terms related to land reclamation, their origin and use are described. The following types of agricultural land improvement are discussed in detail: hidcriteria for determining that a term is a value, as well as the evaluation of Terminology | 2007 | 14 183 romelioracija – drainage (and drainage), irrigation, psn. irrigation; agromelioration and other types, systems and methods. Two general conclusions are drawn: 1) the systematic nature of terminology and its historical development cause contradictions between old and new members of the system and this leads to the change of the system, 2) the change of words affects the terminology systems – borrowed, valued, newly created. 2000 Albina AuKSorIūtė. Laurynas Ivinskis terminology works. Doctoral dissertation in humanities (Vilnius). The author examines the manuscripts and printed works of Laurynas Ivinskis (1810–1881), a prominent member of the Žemaitijos Lithuanianist movement in the middle of the 19th century, publisher of Lithuanian calendars, and one of the founders of terms in Lithuanian natural sciences, especially botany, which contain over 6,000 terms and nomenclatures. The terms of Prigimtūmenė, the largest manuscript work by L. Ivinskis, are analyzed in detail. The dissertation consists of an introduction, an overview, two examinations, conclusions, a list of literature and a list of publications on the topic of the dissertation. The introduction defines the aim, methods, structure and object of the study. The first, overview, part discusses studies of L. Ivinskis’s works, dialectal and spelling features of his writings, Polish works, which deal with Lithuanian language subjects. Printed works (calendars, the publicistic work Pasauga) and manuscripts (Prigimtūmenė, Mushroom Atlas, Draft of the Method of Treating Diseases of Humans and Animals, surviving fragments of the Polish–Žemaičių Language Dictionary, Russian–Lithuanian Language Dictionary and Russian–Lithuanian–Latin–Polish Language Dictionary) are reviewed, in which many terms from folk medicine, veterinary medicine, agriculture, crafts, astronomy, geography, botany, mineralogy, zoology and other fields are used. The types of taxonomic categories and taxa that belong to them are discussed in the second part. According to the author, when presenting the terms of the taxonomic categories, L. Ivinskis avoided borrowing words from Latin or other languages and tried to find a commonly used word or to compose a new Lithuanian word himself (instead of the terms class, triba, varietetas he used nodalė, rėžtą, atmainą). The three chapters of the last part discuss ways of naming the concepts of Prigimtūmena: termination of ordinary words, creation of new ones and borrowing of terms. Terminated terms used by L. Ivinskis in geography, meteorology and other natural sciences and plant genus names are discussed in the section Termination of common words, e.g.: àtudra, dèbesis, 184 Aušra Rimkutė | Dissertations on Lithuanian terminology wièsułas, wiètra; studied in the sections Creating new words and Borrowing terms. methods – they make up more than a fifth of all Prigimtūmenės mineral names and two Naujadarų sudarymas – vienas pagrindinių L. Ivinskio terminų kūrimo fifths of all names of fungi and plant genera. L. Ivinski’s Vedic texts are discussed according to the forms of composition, and the enriched novels are discussed according to the sands of punching. More than two-fifths of all the names of the Prigimtūmenės plants and fungi are ambiguous terms. The natural science terms created by L. Ivinski are not only interesting facts of the history of language, but also a source of current terminology, which was used by botanists of the 20th century in creating and managing plant nomenclatures. 2001 Birutė BRIAUKIENĖ. Petras Avižonis and his Lithuanian medical terminology. Doctoral dissertation in humanities (Kaunas). The medical terms of the famous doctor of the beginning of the 20th century, prominent representative of science, education and culture, author of Lithuanian grammar (1899) Petras Avižonis (1875–1939) are examined using descriptive and comparative methods. The object of the dissertation is about 5 000 terms collected from P. Avižonio medical scientific works: Akių ligų vadovas, his articles in the journal Medicina and others (the exact list of terms sources is provided at the end of the thesis). The overview section describes the most important stages of P. Avižonio life and work. The main focus is on the origin and structure of medical terms. In the work, the term medicine is understood as a word or a constant combination of words, which identifies the concept of medical science. The author divides the medical terms used in P. Avižonio writings into three groups according to their origin: 1) Lithuanian (41% of single words and 19.7% of compound terms), 2) hybrid or mixed (0.5% of single words and 70.2% of compound terms) and 3) non-Lithuanian, i.e. borrowed (58.5% of single words and 10.1% of compound terms). Most of P. Avižonis's use of non-Lithuanian medical terms. The author considers the termination of ordinary words, the creation of terms with the word formation tools of her own language and the borrowing of terms as methods of creation of medical terms. The terms used in P. Avižonio writings are divided into singulars and compounds according to their structure. Medical terms are also discussed in terms of the relationship between the main and secondary elements. Synonyms of terms are discussed separately. According to the author’s research, over 200 Lithuanian medical terms were created and submitted for use by P. Avižonis himself. àulsas, juodžemis et al. The names of minerals, fungi and plant genera are Terminology | 2007 | 14 185 2005 Alvydas uMBrasas. Terminology of Lithuanian Law 1918–1940 (Terms of the Basic Codes). Doctoral Thesis in Humanities (Vilnius). The dissertation investigates the legal terminology used in Lithuania in 1918–1940 using the descriptive method. During the investigated period, quite a number of different legal texts were published. The four most important codes were examined: criminal, civil, as well as the codes of criminal and civil procedure. Since each of these codes has been translated (from the Russian original) into Lithuanian several times, the dissertation evaluates the terminology ratio of translations of the same code, establishes its differences and at the same time shows the development of terms. In total, about 5 700 different legal terms were found. They are analyzed in terms of structure, construction and origin, as well as synonymy. The terms of the Codex law are also reviewed by topic. General legal deadlines, criminal and civil law deadlines and procedural law deadlines account for about 80% of all deadlines. The remaining terms (about 20%) are from other branches of law: financial, administrative, labor, constitutional law, as well as forensic medicine, criminalistics, etc. The thesis consists of introduction, three parts, conclusions and lists of sources and literature. The introduction discusses the situation of legal terminology in Lithuania in 1918-1940, and also reviews the sources. In the first part, the concept of legal system is introduced. There are terms of civil, criminal, procedural, general, financial, administrative, forensic, labor, constitutional (state), commercial, international law, criminalistics and other branches of law. The second part is dedicated to the expression of legal terms. The third part describes the differences in the terminology of the codes. The author emphasizes that the years 1918–1940 are a very important period in the history of Lithuanian legal terminology, because only after the declaration of independence Lithuanian language began to be used in legal documents. Irma ZELLEr. Automatic recognition and processing of terms. Doctoral dissertation in humanities (Kaunas). The dissertation writes about the lack of terms, wrong use of terms, when transferring them into inappropriate contexts, confusing meanings, as well as discussing the reasons and characteristics of the separation of prescriptive and descriptive terminology. The object of the thesis is the automatic recognition of the possible term in the text by special computer term recognition programs. Purpose – to set automatic recognition of terms in the text 186 Aušra Rimkutė | Lithuanian terminology dissertation methods and Zeller studied two complete electronic collections of texts translated from English – textbooks. The Lithuanian textbook, like the German textbook, includes the same 1,695 legal and economic documents (regulations, directives, decisions, conclusions) adopted by the European Commission and the Council of the European Union between 1962 and 2000. It is attempted to reveal the changed theoretical interpretations of terminology and the methodology, peculiarities and importance of different than so far practical terminology work. In this work the author showed that the methods of automatic recognition of terms proposed by descriptive terminology can be applied to Lithuanian language. From the theoretical point of view, the theoretical material on the methodology of automatic recognition of terms and their recognition as terms, which has not yet been published in Lithuanian, is evaluated. The dissertation consists of introduction, four parts, conclusions, bibliography and two appendices. The first part, Development of prescriptive and descriptive terminology, reviews the state of terminology in the 20th century, prescriptive and descriptive terminology. The second part presents the methodology of automatic term recognition, possibilities, methods and means of term recognition and recognition. The third part describes the experiment of automatic term recognition and analyzes its results. The last part aims to assess and predict the benefits of such recognition, raises the possibilities of practical application of automatic recognition of terms in Lithuanian terminology. The author, having carried out an experiment of automatic recognition of terms in the texts of the aforementioned sources, concludes that automatic recognition of terms in the text, using special programs, is really possible. 2006 Nijolė LITEVKIENĖ. Lithuanian and Latin compound terms of anatomy. Doctoral dissertation in humanities (Kaunas). The compositional anatomy terms (2 024 Lithuanian and 2 506 Latin) are examined, collected from T. Weston’s Anatomy Atlas, prepared and published in London in 1995, and J. Tutkuvienės supplemented translation into Lithuanian language (1997), as well as from the Medical Terms Dictionary (1980), S. Pavilonis’s Human Anatomy (1984) and other sources. The aim of the dissertation is to analyze the syntactic and paradigmatic relationships of complex anatomy terms. Lithuanian and Latin biwords and polywords of anatomy terms are analyzed in terms of coincidence and difference. The Lithuanian and Latin compounds are also examined. possibilities, try them out and show how they suit the Lithuanian language. I. Terminology | 2007 | 14 187 Frequency and usage tendencies of anatomy term structures, systematizing the variation of Lithuanian and Latin term domains. The dissertation consists of five chapters. The introduction discusses the object of the work, objectives, research material, methods, topic relevance and novelty, practical use of the work, the structure and scope of the work, the list of publications. In the second chapter, Latin as an international language of medical science and the stages of the formation of the nomenclature of anatomy are reviewed. The third chapter presents aspects of coincidence and difference of Lithuanian and Latin two-word-eight-word anatomy terms and their structure groups. The fourth chapter analyzes eponymous compound anatomy terms. The fifth chapter summarizes the results of the theoretical research. N. Litevkienės analysis of Lithuanian and Latin composite anatomy terms complements medical terminology research, highlights the differences and similarities of Latin and Lithuanian terminology, determining the tendencies of terminology in this field, which could be guided by writing textbooks of anatomy, preparing dictionaries of medical terms and anatomy atlases. Retrieved 2007-11-13. Aušra Rimkutė Institute of Lithuanian Language P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania Email: [email protected]