Mečislovo Reinio laisvai versto „Psichologijos vadovėlio“ psichologijos terminų reikšmė ir kilmė

The Meaning and Origin of Psychological Terms in Mečislovas Reinis’s Freely Sent Textbook of Psychology RITA KATELYTĖ Institute of Lithuanian Language 125th anniversary of the birth of Mečislovas Reinis On February 5, 2009, it was 125 years since the birth of one of the first Lithuanian psychologists Mečislovas Reinys (1884-1953). This is a prominent, bright personality — a priest, bishop, archbishop, educator, professor, social activist, politician, political prisoner. From 1922 Reinys headed the Department of Psychology of the Faculty of Theology and Philosophy at Kaunas University, where he also taught general psychology, comparative and pedagogical psychology, and led psychology exercises. At that time there was no Lithuanian textbook of psychology, so M. Reinys fluently translated Prof. Georgijus Celpanova into Lithuanian! Psychology textbook. In his preface, he states that "translation is free, so that it is not so marked by a foreign language. In addition, it was necessary to change something, to add something” (Reinys 1921: IV). Illustrations were changed, the number of pictures was reduced, chapters were divided into paragraphs. M. Reinys complains that it was difficult with terms, so he “used terms from I. Vabalo Gudaičio “Personality research program”, Rygiškių Jono “Our dictionary”, Z. Žemaičio “Terms of geometry and trigonometry”, M. Šikšnio “Aritmetic and algebra terms dictionary® I. Elison “Short project of zoology terms” and some other” (Reinys 1921: V). Since the textbook is freely translated, much of the text is by Reinis himself. Therefore, this textbook will be referred to as M. Reinis’ Psychology Textbook (source abbreviation — MR) in the following article. M. Reinis’s Psychology textbook is a considerable volume (242 pages), it consists of three parts and 38 chapters. The first part is about psychology of cognition, presents general knowledge about sensation, the second part — about psychology of feelings, presents general knowledge about feelings, the third part — about Georgiy Chelpanov (1862-1936) — Russian psychologist. logician, philosopher. 198 Rita Katelytė | Mečislovo Reinio freely translated Psychology textbook- ... will psychology, voluntary and involuntary movements. At the beginning of the textbook is printed the author's speech, which shows the importance of psychology, explains the principle of the textbook. A small glossary of psychological terms is included at the end. In addition, in the textbook, next to some Lithuanian terms, in parentheses are presented one or more language (Russian, German, Polish, English, French, Latin) equivalents. The purpose of this article is to discuss the meaning and origin of 505 psychological terms found in the Psychology Textbook. The first part of the article shows the relationship between the terms of the meaning sections, the second - origin. In other articles, the structure of terms in M. Reinis’s textbook will be examined. 1. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS The selection of psychological terms was made based on the context of the research material, the short glossary of psychological terms presented at the end of M. Reinis’ Psychology textbook and the Psychology Dictionary (PZ) published in 1993. Terms are presented as they are written in the source, with the page where the term was first used indicated next to it. According to A. Jacikevičius, A. Gučas, E. Rimkutė General Psychology Course Textbook and M. Reinis Psychology Textbook, psychological terms are divided into the following meaningful groups: general psychological terms, names of psychology branches, names of psychology laws, theories, names of physiological processes, names of mental processes, names of emotions and feelings, names of personality mental disorders and character traits, names of cognitive processes and names of persons. 1.1. General terms of psychology. The terms of this group, which comprise 40 or 7.9% of all terms, refer to general concepts of psychology, methods of research, manifestations of the human psyche, etc.: aperception MR 93, factor MR 94, pure space MR 149, cause MR 147, reproduction MR 72 (this term is defined as “the process that produces sensation in us, even though the stimulation is already present <...>” MR 72), synthesis of concepts MR 141, subject MR 141, substance MR 151, continuous space MR 148, factor MR 141, homogeneous space MR 148. General terms in psychology include space MR 147, time MR 147, causation MR 150, number MR 147. According to M. Reinis, “the concepts of space and time are necessary conditions for imagining objects and events. Such concepts we call the basic elements of empirical knowledge" MR 149. The term "number" has an empirical origin, i.e. the number is derived from the experience of 16,199 senses. <...> The concept of number is derived from the experience of sensory objects and therefore is experiential in nature” MR 150. M. Reinys explains the concept of causality as “one of the basic elements of cognition” MR 151. According to the author, every science has a concept of causality, which confirms the belief that the world is governed by lasting laws. As the laws of nature have always been, so the concept of causation will always be MR 150. The term synthesis MR 131 M. Reinys compares it with the term used in chemistry when a complex substance can be divided into components and analysed. This term also means the same thing in psychology: "<...> we can also in reasonable events combine single images into a unit and thus obtain a general image or even a concept" MR 131. Other general terms of psychology were also found: virtuous way MR 197, experimental material MR 14, elementary process of cognition MR 179, empirical origin MR 150, body expression MR 160, consequential image MR 54, mental science MR 89, psychology MR 1, psychological experiment MR 14, psychological science MR 1, psychological system MR 3, psychological word MR 1, psychological analysis MR 7, psychological condition MR 212, similarity MR 131, continuous relationship of soul phenomena MR 18. The following 6 terms of this group are related to the soul: soul MR 1, state of soul MR 21, essence of soul MR 2, characteristic of soul MR 2, movement of soul MR 160, knowledge of phenomena of soul MR 3. According to M. Reinis, the phenomenon of the soul MR 3 —“soul, or mental, phenomena we call our thoughts, feelings, will decisions, etc. They are also called mental presents or states of consciousness.” MR 3. It should be mentioned that M. Reinys presents in the textbook the Lithuanian equivalent of the term psychology — psychology MR 1. According to him, "the term psychology is formed according to the usual model of language formation, because psychology, or psychology, is the science of mental phenomena or the life of the soul" MR 1, but the Lithuanian equivalent is used only once, and only the term psychology is used further. 1.2. Names of branches of psychology. This section reviews the names of the branches of psychology used by M. Reinis, which are compared with the terms used today. 11 terms of this group make up 2.2% of all terms: experimental psychology MR 128, empirical psychology MR 2, animal psychology MR 10, psychology of feelings MR 20, mass psychology MR 11, comparative psychology MR 10, cognitive psychology MR 20, rational psychology MR 2, psychology of nations MR 10, child psychology MR 10. will psychology MR 20. 200 Rita Katelytė | Mečislovo Reinio freely translated Psychology textbook... It should be noted that M. Reinys used the term animal psychology in MR 10, but now the terms are used — animal psychology, zoopsychology (PZ 1993: 329). M. Reinys claims that by studying the psychology of a small cultured nation, it is possible to find out and accumulate a lot of useful information about the psychology of the masses MR 11 (now —propaganda psychology (PŽ 1993:225). Psychology of nations MR 10 is now called psychology of nations or ethnopsychology (PZ. 1993: 80). In: Psychology in the New Testament. and In the Dictionary of Psychology the terms empirical psychology MR 2 and rational psychology MR 2 are used synonymously and discussed together, only now instead of the term rational psychology is used rationalistic psychology. According to M. Reinis, comparative psychology MR 10 (now — comparative psychology) consists of data on the psychology of peoples, animal psychology and child psychology MR 11-12. 1.3. Names of laws and theories of psychology. This section contains 12 psychological science terms (2.4% of all terms), naming the laws and theories of psychological science. Most of this group consists of the names of psychological theories (7 terms): Theory of affects MR 160, Berkeley theory MR 120. Theory of powers MR 16, Helmholtz theory MR 52, Hering theory MR 55. Slightly less are the names of laws of psychology (5 terms): Fechner's law MR 69, psychophysical Weber-Fechner's law MR 66, law of soul life MR 10, law of soul phenomena MR 3, specific energy law MR 65. The examples show that the personal names in the terms are presented in the original spelling with Lithuanian endings. 1.4. The group of physiological process names consists of 73 terms (14,496 total terms). They refer to vital activity, functions, mechanisms of their regulation, relationships with the changing environment: physiology MR 14, physiological state MR 164, physiological phenomenon MR 21, physiological process MR 158, feedback action MR 31, redness MR 21, reflex MR 34, reflex action MR 31, reflex process MR 185, visual image MR 85, visual center MR 34, dream MR 79, slumber MR 214 (alongside this term in the textbook is used the synonym slumber MR 214), satiety MR 39, self-control MR 195, thirst MR 39, in the group of terms naming physiological processes the majority consists of terms describing the nervous system. 20, e.g. :centrifugal centrifuge Terminology | 2009 | 16 201 MR 31, centripetal raceway MR 31, raceway center MR 37, raceway stimulation essence MR 29, raceway end information MR 66, raceway system MR 22, raceway system element MR 25, centripetal raceway MR 31, centrifugal raceway MR 31, external stimulation MR 39, external experience MR 4, motor raceway MR 31, sensory raceway MR 31, auditory raceway MR 37, tactile raceway MR 58, visual raceway MR 65, taste raceway MR 59. The term "neural network" is used in psychology to refer to a network of neurons. The variant dirgsné of this term has already been used in the works of J. Šliūpas and in V. Kudirka’s Varpas magazine (Zemlevičiūtė 2008: 146). In the group of physiological processes, there are several synonymous terms: moving raceways — centripetal raceway MR 31, centripetal raceway MR 31; sensory raceways — centrifugal raceway MR 31, centrifugal raceway MR 31. The examples show that preference is given to synonyms of Lithuanian origin. It should be noted that the terms locomotor (motor), sensory (sensorial) and vegetative (sympathetic or parasympathetic) nerves are now used (ME 1993: 66). M. Reinys distinguishes four types of movement of living beings, for which he uses eight terms. The three types are named by synonymous terms: automatic movements MR 184 — impulsive movements MR 184: reflex movements MR 184 — reflex movements MR 184, retrograde movements MR 184; volitional movements MR 184 — volitional movements MR 184. One type of movement is named without synonyms — instinctive movements MR 184. It should be emphasized that the term voluntary movements is now used instead of the term voluntary movements MR 184 or willing movements MR 184 (PZ 1993: 320). In the group of physiological processes there are 8 terms that describe tactile sensation: space in relation to tactile sensation MR 107, tactile sensation space MR 107, tactile and muscle image MR 119, tactile area MR 34, muscle and tactile experience MR 121, muscle and tactile effect MR 120. The terms tactile sensation MR 111 and tactile experience MR 122 are used interchangeably. In the source of the study 7 terms were found, which refer to one of the physiological processes — vision. Some of the terms used by M. Reinis have now changed, for example: binocular vision MR 115 or binocular vision MR 115 is now called binocular vision and binocular vision (PZ 1993: 44). In terms of vision, the spatial relationships of objects are referred to as space in relation to vision MR 112, space of visual sensation MR 107. The visual process is referred to as the visual process MR 34. 202 Rita Katelytė | Mečislovo Reinio freely translated Psychology textbook... Four terms are attributed to reflex actions. e.g. coughing MR 184, sneezing MR 31, coughing MR 32, blinking MR 32. Several terms are used to describe the different activities of the body parts (sense, smell, hearing, brain activity): sensation of size of objects MR 121, sensation of light breathing MR 39, sensation MR 4; smell image MR 81, smell image MR 85, the tip of the smell sensor MR 59; hearing image MR 85; thinking power MR 18. Other terms used by M. Reinis are space in relation to the sensation of motion MR 107, image of motion MR 85, sensation of motion MR 111, purpose of reflex movements MR 184. 1.5. The most abundant group of terms consists of names of mental processes (98 terms or 19.4% of all terms). This group includes terms that describe dynamic mental phenomena that arise under the influence of external and internal stimuli and disappear when they are discontinued. Psychic actions, events and phenomena are named by the following terms: abstraction process MR 93, abnormal mental phenomenon MR 14, abduction process MR 93, higher mental operation MR 34, external will action MR 183, external will action MR 183, basic mental process MR 183, reasoning process MR 143, mental process MR 5, mental process MR 34, mental phenomenon MR 1, mental action MR 92, mental process MR 136, complex will action MR 190, will phenomenon MR 15, will action MR 183, will action MR 188, single will action MR 190. Associations are referred to by the following terms: association MR 80, image association MR 215, image similarity association MR 82, proximity association MR 81, contrast association MR 82, similarity association MR 82, connection image association MR 80. Rasti 72 kitų psichinių procesų terminai: abstrakcija MR 130, asociacijų perkėlimas MR 83, asociacijų visuotinumas MR 84, atgaminimas MR 72, atitraukimas MR 132, atitrauktis MR 130, atpažinimas MR 73, atsakomingumas MR 198, atsivaizdavimas MR 72, atvaizdavimas MR 1, atvaizdų laikymas MR 74, atvaizdų pynimasis MR 79, bendrasis protavimas MR 147, dedukcija MR 146, dedukcijos išprotavimas MR 147, ekstirpacijos būdas MR 33, erdvės pajutimas MR 118, garsų analizės galia MR 41, indukcija MR 146, indukcijos protavimas MR 147, introspekcija MR 4, jsitikrinimas MR 178, įsivaizdavimo galia MR 18, išplėtota valia MR 196, išprotavimas MR 146, įtaiga MR 216, ketinimas MR 192, konvergencija MR 113, linkimas MR Terminologija | 2009 | 16 o [SY] D 193, thought MR 1, desire MR 1, reason MR 32, objective reality MR 142, basic empirical element of knowledge MR 149, dullness MR 189, member of the pasgmon association MR 83, knowledge MR 15, primordial mental act MR 35, primordial element of consciousness MR 35, tone of sensation MR 38, surrounding of the senses MR 143, sub-experience MR 12, remembrance MR 128, persistence MR 210. mind MR 2, reasoning MR 3, mental power MR 193, mental composition MR 94, mental presence MR 214, mental habitat MR 3, mental act of knowledge MR 185, mental habitat of knowledge MR 184, mental ability MR 212, mental image MR 36, genesis of mental phenomena MR 7, inheritance of mental abilities MR 209, consciousness MR 5, depth of consciousness MR 80, self-consciousness MR 203, self-perception MR 4, conscience MR 173, fluctuation MR 142, perfect will MR 196, will element MR 188, expansion of will MR 193, freedom of will MR 198, moment of will MR 190, weakening of will MR 223, determination of will MR 3, development of will MR 195, decision of will MR 200, consequence of will action MR 183. In the textbook, M. Reinys uses the term “the flow of the roles MR 183” and next to it presents the synonym “the flow of feelings MR 183”. Another term with a dialectal form is also used — instead of the present noun form of the common language, the eastern Altay form with the accentuating particle -ai (Lietuvių kalbos gramatika 1965: 494) occurs, e.g., the reproduced verb MR 144 (see also 1.7, 1.8.1, 1.8.2, 2.3.1). 1.6. The group of emotions and feelings names consists of 106 terms (21% of all terms), e.g.: emotion MR 158, feeling MR 1, personal feeling MR 163, reproductive feeling MR 162, higher feeling MR 158, pure feeling MR 154, perceptual feelings MR 168, primordial feeling MR 162, social feeling MR 163, social feeling MR 163, social feeling MR 163. lower feeling MR 158. It is remarkable that in M. Reinis’ classification, contrary to the present one, the concept of feelings meant the lower senses, and emotions — the higher ones: “If we take as the basis for classification the greater or lesser complexity of images and concepts entangled in the senses, we will be able to divide the senses into two large groups: 1) the lower or physical senses and 2) the so-called higher senses <...> The higher senses are called, among other things, emotions” MR 158. In contemporary psychology, emotions are associated with direct biased experiences of the significance of environmental phenomena and situations (PZ 1993: 75), while feelings are associated with constant experiences of relationships with reality (PZ 1993: 130). The author of the textbook uses individual feeling as the main term 204 Rita Katelytė | Mečislovo Reinio freely translated Psychology textbook... and gives two synonyms of it: individual feeling, personal feeling, cf.: “feelings that are connected with the maintenance of one person’s life are called individual or personal feelings <...>” MR 163. "Individual feelings are those that may be present in individuals who do not live the life of society... " MR 163. Similar is the use of the synonyms social feeling, social feeling, social feeling: "Feeling that is intertwined with the life support of other persons is called social, or social, feeling" MR 163. “Social feelings arise and develop along with the life of society” 163. The term "social sentiments" is more commonly used. The following types of individual and social feelings (38 terms) are presented in the research source: altruistic feeling MR 169, devotion feeling MR 177, characteristic virtue feeling MR 179, gratitude feeling MR 177, honour of God feeling MR 177, love of God feeling MR 177, devotion to the will of God feeling MR 177, moral duty feeling MR 173. virtue feeling MR 173, egoistic feeling MR 168, elementary aesthetic feeling MR 179, aesthetic feeling MR 158, aesthetic feeling MR 178, physical feeling MR 158, feeling of well-being MR 62, individual feeling MR 163, individual feeling MR 163, intellectual feeling MR 178, pride feeling MR 157, feeling of power MR 165. revenge feeling MR 164, pleasure feeling MR 62, disgust feeling MR 38, feeling of dissatisfaction MR 166 164, sense of disgust MR 185, sense of reverence MR 177, sense of respect MR 163, sense of duty MR 173, sense of satisfaction MR 165, sense of effort MR 192, sense of satisfaction MR 92, sense of abuse MR 164, primary aesthetic sense MR 179, sense of anger MR 164, sense of pride MR 157, sense of religion MR 173, sense of fun MR 165, sense of vacillation MR 191. Physiological feelings include the following 8 terms: feeling of fear MR 9, feeling of joy MR 161, feeling of rejoicing MR 181, feeling of shame MR 21. feeling of laugh MR 181. feeling of suffering MR 9, feeling of sympathy MR 168, feeling of pain MR 153. Found 27 terms that show the experiences of the relationship with the environment, other people and oneself: passion MR 189, fear MR 159, joy MR 159, rejoicing MR 159, pity MR 174, lust MR 189, fear MR 159, anger MR 159, funnyness MR 181, suffering MR 165, suffering MR 152, unpleasantness MR 152, boredom MR 128, despair MR 159, surprise MR 159, feeling MR 191, touching MR 58, disgust MR 159, pity MR 174, satisfaction MR 152, anger MR 159. 159. remorse MR 174, fun MR 152, excitement MR 37, cold-bloodedness MR 210, family sympathy MR 171, desire MR 189. Other terms (21 terms) were found in the groups of emotions and feelings, e.g.: affect MR 157, memory of affects MR 162, asthenic affect MR 159, origin of the sense of virtue MR 174, imperative of the sense of virtue MR 174, irritation MR 37, physiological basis of the senses MR 154, external irritation MR 91, external irritation MR 39, sensuality MR 210, expression of the feeling MR 160, reproduction of the feelings MR 161, memory of the feelings MR 162, course of the feelings MR 183, renewal of the feelings MR 157, property of the sense of goodness MR 181, pleasure of memories MR 161, mechanism of sympathy MR 168, development of sympathy MR 171, stenic affects MR 159. 1.7 The group of terms of mental disorders of personality and character includes 51 terms (10.1% of all terms) that refer to various mental disorders of personality (mental, mental, spiritual disability, as well as disorders of thinking, behavior, feelings), and 18 terms that reflect the individuality, specificity, set of innate or acquired characteristics, behavioral characteristics of personality. Twelve terms are used in the textbook to describe disorders of personality perception, e.g.: abuli MR 223, altruistic action MR 169, perversion of personality perceptions MR 222. evaluation of spiritual self MR 204, image of physical self MR 203, hyperbole MR 224, illusion MR 143, extreme stubbornness MR 224, mania MR 223, involuntary movement MR 184, involuntary movement MR 183. Pathological disorders of perception, that is, hallucinations, are represented by 7 terms: auditory hallucination MR 219. hallucination MR 79, hallucination role MR 219, tactile hallucination MR 219, visual hallucination MR 219, taste hallucination MR 219, olfactory hallucination MR 219. The names of the types of hallucinations mentioned in the Psychology Dictionary differ slightly from the names of the types of hallucinations used in M. Reinis' textbook. The Psychological Dictionary distinguishes visual, auditory, olfactory, taste, sexual, digestive and general sensory hallucinations. M. Reinys identifies two most common types of hallucinations: visual hallucinations and auditory hallucinations. 4 language, 3 vision, 2 writing, 5 mental disorders names found: aphasia MR 33, speech deafness MR 220, speech disturbance MR 220, muteness MR 220; mental blindness MR 33, writing blindness MR 221, color blindness MR 54; agraphia MR 33, non-writing MR 221; deviation from norm MR 223, 206 Rita Katelytė | Mečislovo Reinio freely spoken Psychology textbook... 2.3.2. Terms with international elements. In this group prevail the terms whose secondary accent is expressed by the noun prefix (10), e.g.: abstraction process MR 93, Helmholtz theory MR 52, introspection method MR 8, mental process MR 5. Only a couple of terms have secondary elements expressed by adjectives: objective method MR 8, subjective method MR 8. 2.3.3. Terms with miscellaneous accents. A group of terms with mixed elements consists of several types of terms. The expression of the accents shows that there are slightly more terms whose secondary accent is expressed by an adjective. This group consists of: (a) terms with a hybrid secondary accent and a main Lithuanian accent (39), e.g. egoistic feeling MR 168, experimental material MR 14, empirical origin MR 150, aesthetic creation MR 105, aesthetic sense MR 178, physical feeling MR 158, physiological state MR 164, physiological phenomenon MR 21, physiological process MR 158, impulsive movement MR 184, instinctive movement MR 184, intellectual sense MR 178, centrifugal drive MR 31, mechanical memory MR 89, mechanical science MR 89, metaphysical concept MR 148, reflex movement MR 76, reflex action MR 31, reflex process MR 185, social feeling MR 163; (b) terms with Lithuanian secondary accent and international principal accent (7), e.g. auditory hallucination MR 219, retrograde character MR 138, extreme realism MR 63; (c) terms with a hybrid secondary focus and an international main focus (7): experimental psychology MR 128, empirical psychology MR 2, mechanical character MR 97, mental process MR 34, psychological analysis MR 7, rational psychology MR 2, reflex character MR 138; (d) terms with a hybrid secondary and a hybrid principal (2): objective reality MR 142, objective reality MR 142. Slightly less are the terms whose secondary accent is expressed by the noun pronoun. This group consists of: (a) terms with an international secondary and a Lithuanian main focus (22), e.g.: affect memory MR 162, extirpation method MR 33, sense of aesthetics MR 158, Fechner’s law MR 69, role of hallucination MR 219, induction reasoning MR 147, interval memory MR 88, direction of intuition MR 175, concept of localisation MR 34, mimic movement MR 160, tone memory MR 88, tone coordination MR 179; b) terms with Lithuanian secondary démeny and international principal démeny | 2009 | 16 213 focus (21), e.g.: system of drives MR 22, localization of powers MR 34, theory of powers MR 16, animal psychology MR 10, proximity association MR 81, psychology of feelings MR 20, child psychology MR 10. will element MR 188, moment of will MR 190, psychology of will MR 20. 2.4. Compound three-word terms. Almost half of all the terms of the composite three-word are with all Lithuanian elements (38), e.g.: perception of personality distortion MR 222, general memory characteristic MR 88, external irritability MR 39, light breathing sensation MR 39, tactile burning sensation MR 153, simple cold sensation MR 59. There are almost as many compound three-word terms with mixed elements as there are with all Lithuanian elements (37), e.g.: mechanism of creative imagination MR 103, specific law of energy MR 65, localization of mental powers MR 32. There are no compound three-word terms with international suffixes found. 2.5. Compound polynomial terms. Polyword terms are quite rare in the researched source — 11 polyword terms were found, representing 3.9% of all compound terms. Most of the terms of the compound polywords (8) consist of terms of Lithuanian origin: the feeling of surrender to the will of God MR 177, space in relation to the sensation of movement MR 107, space in relation to the sensation of touch MR 107, the essential beginning of the action of reasoning MR 142, the image of touch and muscle MR 119, the experience of muscle and touch MR 121, the effect of muscle and touch MR 120, the continuous connection of soul phenomena MR 18. A few terms have mixed elements (3): the theory of innate virtue MR 175, the basic empirical element of cognition MR 149, the psychophysical Weber-Fechner law MR 66. CONCLUSIONS 1. M. Reinis’s Psychology textbook, translated freely from Russian, is an important source both from the point of view of psychology and terminology. It is the first Lithuanian textbook of psychology, so it can be said that this textbook helps the psychology science. and the basics of psychology terminology. 2.Regarding the significant groups, it is clear that the terminology of the textbook mainly consists of terms that refer to mental processes and emotions and feelings. A small part of the terminology consists of terms used to refer to branches of psychology, laws, theories, and persons associated with the science of psychology. 3.For many of the psychology concepts M. Reinys used one term, but in some cases he provided 2 or even 3 synonyms. 214 Rita Katelytė | Mečislovo Reinio freely translated Psychology textbook... It is easy to notice that, compared with the current terminology of psychology, the terms used by M. Reinis have changed considerably — many terms are no longer used, their classification has changed. 5. The analysis of the textbook’s terminology showed that the translator mainly used Lithuanian terms. Lithuanian single words and compound terms make up more than half, and international terminology — only one tenth of all the terms discussed. Almost all international psychological terms are derived from Latin or Greek, but quite often Lithuanian synonyms are provided alongside international terms. 6. Compound textbook terminology consists mainly of two-word terms. Most of the two-word compound terms consist of terms with both Lithuanian elements and terms with mixed elements. The expression of the elements of compound two-word terms shows that the subordinate elements of terms are most often represented by the noun's parent. Three-word and longer compound terms make up a small part of the compound terminology. SOURCE MR —Reinys M. Psychology textbook, Vilnius. 1921. LITERATURE Contemporary Lithuanian Language Dictionary (electronic edition), 6th ed. Vilnius. 2006. Interlex. Computerized dictionary of international words (electronic edition). Ats. red. A. Kinderys, Vilnius, Jacikevičius AL, Gučas AL Rimkutė E. General Psychology, Vilnius. 1986. English Grammar, 1. Editor-in-Chief K. Ulvydas, Vilnius. 1965. Dictionary of Lithuanian Language (1-XX., 1941-2002), 2002. Vilnius, 2005. Internet address: < http://www- .lkz.lt->. 1993. pp. 11. encyclopedia Vilnius. PZ. 1993: Dictionary of Psychology. Spec. red. Augis R., Kočiūnas R., Vilnius. Vaitkevičiūtė V. Dictionary of International Words (electronic edition), Vilnius, 2003. Zemlevičiutė P. 2008: Vinco Kudirka's Lithuanian medical terms, —Terminologija 15. 142-155. This article deals with terminology in the textbook of psychology by one of the first Lithuanian psychologists Mečislovas Reinys. At the beginning of the 20% century there was still no textbook of psychology in Lithuanian. Reinys made a free translation of Georgii Chelpanov’s textbook Yuebnux ncuxonozuu (dis eumnasuii u camoobpasosanus) (Psychology textbook (for gymnasiums and self-education)). Quite a lot of text was Reinys" own. 505 terms from Psichologijos vadovėlis (Psychology textbook) published in 1921 were analyzed with respect to origin and meaning. Terminology | 2009 | 16 215 The terms analyzed allow the conclusion that Reinys mainly used Lithuanian terms. Purely Lithuanian one-word and complex terms make up more than half of the terms analyzed. International terms make up only ten percent of all the terms researched. Almost all international one-word terms came from Latin and Greek. The majority of terms name emotions and feelings, psychical and physiological processes, processes of cognition. There are several terms naming mental disorders, character types, branches, laws and theories of psychology. The majority of complex terms are two-word terms. Three-word and longer terms are very rare. The comparison of terminology used by Reinys and the present terminology of psychology shows that quite a lot of terms fell out of use, their classification changed and new terms emerged. Rita Katelyte Institute of Lithuanian Language P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius E. mail: [email protected] 216 Rita Katelyté | Mečislovo Reinio freely translated Psychology textbook...