On Genus-Species and Whole–Part Structure of Linguistic Terminology

K xapakTepucTtike poJoBUIOBOU H 11€7I09aCTHOM CTPYKTYPBI JIMHTBUCTUYECKOU TEDMHHOJIOTHHU» - CEPFTEA WENOB 3600 a.C.) e o Neolítico. /Ivea Tojicmoezo (Mocksa, Poccust) favore [INIenos 2009] Opin npeacTaBIeHbl KOMITBIOTEPHBIE H TUHTBUCTUYECKHUE PE3YIbTAThI, IIOTYUEHHbIe H pealu30BaHHble B ABTOMATH3HDOBaHHOHK HHPOPMALIMOHHON CUCTEME HAYYHOU TEDMHHO/IOTHH WinTerm Tepmunonoruueckoro nenrpa MHcTHTYTa pycckoro s3BIKa UM. B. B. Bunorpagora. HacTe 2TuX pe3zynbraTOB 3akaouanach B GopmannsoBAHHOM TIPE/ICTAB/IEHUN TNIOHATHHHOH CTPYKTYPDbI JTMHTBUCTUIECKON TepMMHOIOTUH, IOCTPOCHHOU Ha TEDMHHO/IOTHUeCKOM MaTepuane yyebHuKa no s3pikosHanuio YO. C. Macnosa Beedenue 6 g3vikosnanue (M.: Bricimas mona, 1998; B manpueiinenm Ha3brBaerca " Herounnx", cm. [Macnos 1998]). AHaNMM3UPOBAIUCH TOJIbKO TE TEPMUHBL, KOTODbIe Mubo nMeroT COGCTBEHHBIE onpeneleHUA UH pasbacHeHUs B MlcTounuke, mnbo BCTpewaroTcsd B COCTaBE TEKCTOBBIX OparMeHTOB, CJIVXKAIIOIHX ONpee/Ie HUME (TO/IKOBAHHAMH) TUX TEDMHHOB (T. €. UCIIOMB3YIOTCS VISI UX OIPEee/IeHus] WIN TOMKOBAHUS), Bcero rakux Tepmunos B Mctounnke 2066. 3a7aua pemeacTaBuTh IOHSATUHHBIE CTPYKTYPbl TEDMHHO/IOTHH OOpMAa/IH3OBaHHbIM OOpa3oM Ha OCHOBe OIIpee/IeHU WIN OOBSACHEHHS COOTBETCTBYIOUIUX TepMUHOB B Hcrounuke. [pr peimmenuH mocraB/leHHBIX 3allau4 aKTHBHO HCIIO/Ib3OBA/IMCb HEKOTODBIeE /IMHHTBHCTHUECKHE H KOMOBIOTEDHBbIE DpE3Y/IbTATbI, IOIYYEHHbIE B XOIe pa3zpaG0TKH H OYHKUHOHHpOBaHHS KOMIBIOTEpHOU TepmunonoruuecKoH 6a3bi 3HaKHHH (Hanee TB3): Hx HocTaTOuHO JeTanpbHOe ONnHCaHHe umeercs B paborax [enor 2002; enor 2003; [enor 2004; IIeznos 2009; Shelov 2003; Shelov 2005]. Cpenu Takux pe3ynbTaTOB —HAXOXKĖJĖEHHe H JeMOHCTPAIUS BCEX JIOTHUCECKUX KPYTOB B CHCTeMe TePpMHHOIOTUYECKHUX ONDpeHe/IEHHH, KOMIIbIOTepHOe yCTaHOBIeHUE (MACHTUPUKAIUA) PA3TUYHBIX TIOHITHHHBIX CTPYKTYP Crarsst nogroronnera npu $uiancoroif otepxke Poccuitckore rvamanutapporo gavudoro dora {upoexr 07-04-24 1a) Terminologia | 2009 | 16 23 TEDMHHO/IOTHH (JIJOTHKO-110HSATHŪHOM, POJOBUIOBOU, HEe/1OUaCcTHOH) V UX YpOoBHEeBOH OpraHH3a]HHH, a TaKXe YCTaHOB/IEHHe HEKOTODPbIX BUIOB CIIOpHBIX HIM HeYJAUHBIX IIOHATHHKHBIX IIOCTDOCHHH, JVIA MCIIDAB/IEHHA KOTODBIX TpebyeTcs "BHEKOMHbIOTEpHAaS;, UHCTO TBOPUECKAS OIEHKA CJIOXHKMBINEHMCS CHTYAIHH WK [JAXKe BMEIIATEIbCTBO CITeIH|HMA/IHCTa-HCC71e [O BA TEJISI. B macrosien CTaTbe MbI IpeJCcTaBUM XapaKTePHCTUKY POIOBUIOBOU H 1[€/IOYACTHOU CTPYKTYP /IMHTBHCTHYECKHX TEDMHHOB, OODpa30BaHHOH COBOKYITHOCTBIO BCEX POAOBUIOBBIX H, COOTBETCTBEHHO, OHEe/IOUACTHLIX OTHOTNIEHHH MeXIy TEepMHHaMH HcTOuHHKA H JauM KDaTKHH KOMMEHTADHH K IIOTIYUeHHbIM pe3y/IbTaTaM (3AMeTHM, UTO IOTy4YeHHE psijia pe3yabraToB GbI71O NpaKTHYECKH HEBO3MOXHBIM 663 MHCITOJIb30BaHHS IOpOrpaMMHbIX CpeJICTB, nMmeromencs TB3). Hs aganusa COJEpKATEJ- /IbHOK CTDYKTYDbI TEDMHHOJIOTHH Kak YaCTH HaYyuHOTO 3HaHHA NOJOOHad XapaKTEpHCTHKA OCOGeHHO BaxHa. BO-NepBbIX, OGypnyun TeCHO CBA3AHO UM C TEOpHeH K/lacCHOHKanHH, HC TEOpHeH OrIpelHeeH, H3VUEHHE DOHOBHHOBbIX OTHONIEHHUH 00BEKTOB H OHOHATHH TOH H/IH MHOM HaVyuKHOH OO/naCcTH HMeeT OoOraTeZIIIyIO TPAAUIINIO, UAVIIYIO, [10 KpalHel Mepe, oT ApucroTend, Ang KoToporo pos 0bur “cyrsro Bern. Hepes JIOTUKY, JOTHMYECKYIO MW JIUMHTBUCTUYECKYIO CEMAHTHKY, HHOOpMATHKY H TepMUHOBEJICHUE UCCIeJOBAHNE POJOBUIOBBIX CBA3EH MEXK/Iy IIOHSTHAMH H TEDMHHAMH JOLIIO Jo Hamux Hed. Pogosuaosas nepapxusi, riyboko 3pEHHS, ABISETCS TAKXKE J0CTATOYHO OOTraThIM TEOPEeTHYECKUM KOHCTPYKTOM, YTOOBI HpeCTaB/ISTL BAXKHVIO YaCTh CTPYKTYPBI 3HaHUA. - Não, não, não, não. OHA He 0Os3aHa ObITH TOJIBKO (OpPUEHTUPOBAHHOM) JpeBeCHOM CTPYKTYPOH (KOTOPOU ee varie BeeTO WIAOCTPHUPYIOT), B CHITY TOrO 0OCTOATENBCTBA, YTO VY OJHOTO BUJOBOTO MOHATHS (00beKTa) MOXKeT ObITh HECKOJIBDKO OIMKANIINUX K HEMY POJIOBBIX NIIOHATHH (OOGbEKTOB). Bo-BTOpbIX, pOJ[OBH/JJOBOH IIOHATHHHbIH AaHa/iH3 YyCTaHaPB/IHBaeT IIEpCIIEKTHUBHBbIE B IPAKTUYECKUX IPUTOKEHHUAX OuHapHbIe CTPYKTYPHI THIIA «XIOHATHE (OBBEKT) —ETO CIIELHEHMUYECKHH IIPH3HAK> e «IOHATHE (OBbEKT) -OTHOWEHUE —(IIOHA) ObbEK T». 1000 HHX rIpejiCTaB/ISeT BaxHOe yTBepx1eHHe (IpeliHKaOHIO) TOH WIM WHOM OO/IaCTH 3HAHVUS, OpHUeM B C/rygae TEDMHHOJIOTHUECKHX OIpeHenenuH TO yTBepXKAeHHe BepHO (OnpoCTO B CH/Iy Onpegejenus). 24 Cepreii Illenos | K xapakmepucmuke podosudosoll... 24 Cepreii Illenos | K xapakmepucmuke podosudosoll... 24 Cepreii Illenos | K xapakmepucmuke podosudosoll... 24 Cepreii Illenos | K xapakmepucmuke podosudosoll... 24 Cepreii Illenos | K xapakmepucmuke podosudosoll... 24 Cepreii Illenos | K xapakmepucmuke podosudosoll... BbIBOJĮ COMIaCHO M3BECTHOMY IIpDHHHOHIIY «HaC/IEJJOBAaHHSA IpH3HAKOB»: BCE, 4YTO BEPHO VIS POIOBOTO MOHATHA (OObEK TA), CIIPABEIUIMBO H JŲIS BUAOBOTO noHaTUs (00beKTa) u, Takum 0Opa3oM, KaXKIbI BUIOBON OOBEKT «HaCJIEIyeT» MHOXECTBO IIPU3HAKOB POJIOBOTO 0bBeEKTA. B-rperbux, ponosuoBast nepapxus OOBEKTOB SAB/IASTCS VHUBEPCATLHOM, CTaTHCTHUECKH 3HAYNMOM CTPYKTYPOH, IIPOHUIBIBAIOIEN TIOOVIO TEMATHYeCKyIo 00macTh. Tak, IO HEKOTOPBIM JaHHBIM, IPH pa3paboTKe TEDMHHOJIOTUYECKUX CTAH/APTOB IIOHATHS, CBSI3aHHBIE POIOBU/[OBBIMU OTHONIEHHAMM, KOTOpBIe 337Jaf0T COOTBETCTBYOLIMe NepUHUIINHU, BCTpeuaroTCA B 71% C/Iy4aeB BCX CBA3eU MeX/Yy TEDMHUHAMM. Haxonen, B-dyerBepThiX, cama GOPMYIUPOBKA POIJOBOTO MOHSTUS YUacCTO OKa3bIBAeTCH TMOKa3jaTelleM CeMaHTHYeCKUX OTHONIEHHH, B KOTOpbIE BcTymnaeT ompegensiembin repmun (Dtd) ¢ apyrumu TEepMHHAMH ompenensirornero BbIpaxeHHs (Din); B gqanbHeHmIeM BbIAB/IEHHbIE TAKUM 00pasom CeMaHThyecKHUe OTHOINIEHHS MOTYT ONpeJICTaB/ISTb IOHSTHHŪHYIO CTPYKTYPY TePMHUHOIOT HH. Takum obpaszom, aHa/iH3 POLOBUIOBOM HepapxXHH IMOHATHH TOM H/IH HHOH obmacTH 3HaHHusA, 3aPUKCHPOBAHHOH CHCTeMONH OrIpeJde/TeHHH, OTKPbIBAET IUHPOKHE IIEpCIEKTHBPBI JŲISI BDISB/IEHHS H IpeaCTaB/IeHAs (B TOM YKC/ie H KOMIIBIOTEPHOTO) CTPYKTYPbI HayuHOTro 3HaHHA3. B pa6orax [Illenos 2003; Llenos 2009; Shelov 2003] 6112 onucaHa IIponejypa /IMHTBHCTHUeECKOTO aHa/IH3a BepbanbHBIX (SBHbIX) TEDMHHO/IOTHYECKHX Onpeneenyž. 11. A Comissão, após ter consultado os Estados-Membros e o Conselho, e tendo em conta o parecer do Comité Económico e Social Europeu, considera que a proposta de directiva não constitui uma alteração significativa do Tratado de Lisboa, mas sim uma alteração da Directiva 92/100/CEE do Conselho, de 18 de Dezembro de 1992, relativa à protecção dos trabalhadores contra o risco de despedimento por motivos de trabalho, que altera a Directiva 92/100/CEE do Conselho, de 18 de Dezembro de 1992, relativa à protecção dos trabalhadores contra o risco de despedimento por motivos de trabalho. PesyjnbrTaTbI NpHMEHEHUA TOK IPOIE/yPhl IIO3BOJISIIOT O/IHO3HAYHO OTBETUTD Ha CJIeIYIOIIME BOTNpOCbI: ABIACTCS JIM JAHHOE OIIpeJereHUe POIOBUIOBBIM, a €C/IH ITO ĮEMCTBHTE/IbHO TAK, TO YCTAHOBUTH, KaKOH KOHKPETHO ero TeKCTOBBIM $parMeHT HasbIBaeT Onmkaimree (mis ornpepenseMoro oHATHs (iu obbexra)) pogoBoe nousTue (Wim pogoBOn 00beKT), a kakou —crenuduaecku (quddepeHNNANbHDIN) TIDpDH3HaK UH OpH3HaKH TOTO HOHSATHH (WIM 0OBeKTa). B uacTrHoCTH, B 2THX paboTrax HpHBOJAUTCA CIeVIOH|ee IIPABUIO, C Terminologia | 2009 | 16 25 [IOMOIIBIO KOTOpOTO YCTAHaB/IHBA/IMCb COOTBETCTBYPONIHe OparMeHTbI B [peCTABIEHHOM HIDKe MaTepuare: PonoBbiMm pparMeHTOM orpe ge/IAIOLIEro BbIparkeHHs AB/ISETCSH ero MHHHMMa/IbHasi CEMAHTHUECKH 3aKOHYE€HHasl, CHHTAKCHYIeCKH He3aBHCHMAS1 YaCTh, BK/IIIOYAFOLIAsl MAKCHMAIbHbBIŲ (110 C/IOBECHOH JJIHHE K CUHTAKCUYeCKOH CTPYKTYpe) paHee onpee/IeHHbIH TepMHH (Win cBODOgHOE COuUeTaHHne paHee Ope Je/IeHHbIX TEDMHHOB), O11 KOTOPOH OCTABINAACH UACTb TaKXE SB/ISETCS 3aKOHUYEHHOM H OCMPIC/IEHHOB; JTa OCTABHINASCH YAaCTh ONpene/ISIONMeEro BpipaXKEHHA NIpejzCcTaB/- aeT cobol BnHnAOBOH npH3Har (eC/IH aTa yacTh CHHTaKCHUECKH OTHOCHTCA K OJHOMY HM TOMY X C/IOBY) WH 00bejnneHnue (KOHBIOHKLHIO) BHAOBBIX IpH3HaKOB (EC/IH aTa 4acTh CHHTAKCHUECKH OTHOCHTCS K pa3HbIM C/IOBaM), JTO IIPaBUIO OTHOCHTCS K TEDMHHAM H CUCTEME UX ONpeJe/IEHHŪ HE3aBHCHMO OT TeMaTHUeCKOH OO/7NTacTH HM pasjesa B3HaHHAH, a ero OINas umes 3aKJ/IOUaeTCS B TOM, gro Onuxafee pojįoBoe MOHATHE 1) Bbipa>xxa6T HEKOTODPBIH B CMBIC/IOBOM OTHOINIEHHH 3aKOHUEHH5IK OdparMeHT TeKCTa, 2) 3T0T dOparMeHT TeKCTA TaK)Ke JO/KeH OLITb B CMBICIOBOM OTHOKIEHHH 3aKOHYEHHBIM H BBIIOJHATh QYHKIUIO OTpejierieHus mubo 0HOrO, /IMOO HECKOMBKUX 0OBEKTOB, Ha3BaHHBIX B BbI/IC/IEHHOM (PparMeHTe. [Toxaxkem, Kakas Ipo1ieypa peanusyeT JTO IIpaBHAO Ha MaTepuare IIpHBE/ĮEHHBIX BBINIe IIDpHMEDpOB, JIS YeTrO NpoaHa/IH3HpyeM ONpejle/sIOnIHe BbIDA>KEHHA COOTBETCTBYIONLIMX ĮedunuunKAA (ipuMeHeHbyHe H obocHOBaHMe TOM Ke IPOLeypbl Ha PA3HOOOPA3HOM TEMaATHUeCKOM MAaTEpHa/Ie pyCCcKOro H AHT7/IMŪCKOTO s3BIKOB CM. B niybsimkaruu [Lemos 2003]): A6naym. "Muepenoranne" (TepMuH JIUHTBUCTHKM, CJIEjĮOBATE/IbHO, SBISETCS KaHAMAaTOM B QOPMYIHPOBKY OnHxaHInIero POIZOBOIO MOHATHS) —"uepe]noBaHHe DaCHBIX" (TCPMUH JMHTBACTHKH, CHIeJAOBATENbHO., TaKXKe SB/ISCTCH KAHHOMIJATOM B bhopMynuposBky GnnxaHniero pOjJOBOro MOHATHS, IOpHYeM B Ka4eCTBE TAKOBOILO OH aydiue, UEM TIDpejuIeCTBYPONIHH, TIOCKOJIbBKY TEDMHHOJIOTHUeECKH Bbipaxaer Bojrnee JACTHOE nOHATHe) —"uepenoBaHHe I/IaCHbIX, 00YCIOBICHHOE/He OBGyCHOB/IeHHOR.,..“ (CeMaHTHYECKM HE3AKOHUEHHOEe RBIPAXKEHHE, HO BKIKOUAET JIOMOJHUTENbHOE IIOJIHO3HAYHOe C/I0BO (0byCnoBaeHHOETM), He ABIAIOUICSCS TEDMHHOM THHIBHCTHKH, 4TO JUKTYeT BO3BpaT K OparMeHTy "“uepenoBaHHMe ITIACHBIX. 26 de fevereiro de 2009 «Cepreit Hlenos | K xapakmepucmuke podosudosoti- ... O que está acontecendo aqui? "JbhoneryuecKH He OBYCAOBHACHHOE H BbIpaXAIOMee... C/I0BOM3MEHUTE/IbHbIC H CTTOBOODpasoBaTe/IbHbIe 3HAUeHUS —GOPMYIMPOBKA BHHOBOTO IIPM3HAKA"). Takum 06pa30M, HCKOMbIŽ pparMeHT TeKCTa, BhIpaXKaoUu Onmai11ee po OBOE IIOHATHE [II TEpMHHa abiiaym —“uepegoBaHHe rnacHBIX Afonso X o Sabio. “llpucrnocobiaenue” (He ABAACTCA TEDMHHOM HHHTBHCTHKH H, COOTBETCTBEHHO, He CTAHOBUTCA KAIAMIATOM B GOPMYITHPOBKY OiirKakiero poJoBoro MOHATUS —“MIPUCTIOCOONeHNEe ApTHKYJISOMĖ“ (TOPMHE NHHTBUCTHKM, HO BhIpaXkeHue CEMAHTHYECKH He 3aKOHYEHO! NPUCIOCODIeHUe —K UeMy? apTHKYIANUY —Yero?) — “IIPUCNIOCObIe He aPTUKYIAIUI CONTacHOT0” (TEDMHH JIMHTBHCTHKH, HO BBIpaKeHUe CeMaHTHYECKI He 3aKOHUEHO! HPHCIIOCObIeHNe apTHKY/IAUUN COTIACHOTO —K 4eMy) — “mpuciocobneHre ApTHKYJIAIIMĖŪ COMIAaCHOTO H TAaCHOro (TEDMHH JTHHIBHCTUKU, BBIDAXCHHe CEMAHTHYSCKH 3aKOHYEHO H ABISETCA KaHHHHaTOM B QOPMYIHPORKY OnuxaHuuniero pOjOBOro0 NOHATHS) —"uacTH4uHOE IIpHCIOCOONeHHE ApTHKYJISIKAŪ COTJIACHOTO H TiacHOTro" (Te Ke VCJIOBHS, YTO H LIATOM BBbINE, HO BBIDAXEHHĖ BKIIIOYAET JOIOMHUTENbHOE MOJHO3HAYHOe C/10BO ("uacTrHuHOe“), He ABISIONIEeCH TEDMHHOM JIMHTBUCTHKH, UTO OUKTYET BO3BpaT K paHee HaMEeUeHHOMY KaHAMaTy) —“npucriocobreHne apTUKY/IALUN CMEXKHBIX COIIACHOTO H IaacHoro” (Te Xe VCAOBHA, YTO H IIaroM BIE, HO BBIPAXKeHME BKIIOUAET JIOMOJHHUTENBHOE [IOTHO3HAYHOE COBO (“cMexHpIX”), He ABIAIOUICECT TEDMHHOM JIMHIBUCTUKH. YTO JIUKTYeT BO3BpAT K paHee HAMEUEHHOMY KaHIHJaTy —"TIpHCIHIOCOG/eHHe ap TUKYALMI COMIAaCHOIO H IacHOTo KOTOPBIN H Ha3blBaeT O/MIKauIlee pOJOBOe MOHATHE: “dacTH4Hoe —POpMynIMpoOBKa BH/JOBOTO IPM3HAKA, OTHOCALICTOCA K IOHITHIO NpUCIOCObienus; “cmexupx” — ¢popmyHpoBKa BHIOBOI'O IIpU3HAKA, OTHOCAINECTIOCH K NMOHATHIO COITIaCHOTO H IIaCHOTO, Takum 0o6pa30M, HCKOMBIN OparMeHT TEKCTAa, BbIpaxKAIOIIOHĖ OrnxaHInIee poj10BOe MOHATHE IA TepMUHA akkomodayus “npucriocobnenune apTHKYHSHHŪ COT/IaCHOTO H TJIaCHOTO | Brmonuennas COBEpIIeHHO aHa/IOTHYHbIM OODpa3OM Ha MaTepHa/Ie Apyrux HDpHBeACeHHbIX IIPUMEPOB ONpoOnejypa HaXOXJeHHSA O/IMXKAŪINNeTO pogoBoro mHOHATHA HPUBOAUT K CJIEJYIOLIHM Pe3yIbTaTaM: VIS TEpMHHa aHmMuyunayus Onuxaiunee pogoBoe NOHATHE "OTK/OHEHHe OT NOCHEJOBATE/IbHOCTH 97eMeHTOB aHaOODEI", 171 TePMUHA epamMmamuueckas Kame2opus —‘CucreTerminologija | 2009 | 16 27 Ma pAJOB rpaMMaTHUeCKHX OopM“, Js TepMHHA UCMOPUIM —"neKCcHueCKas eJMHUIA H 3Ha“UeHHe JIEKCHUeECKOH enuunnsl. [Tpu STOM ocrapmuecs JIEKCHKO-CHHTAKCHHUECKHE UACTH ONpeHE/IAIOMETO BbhIpa)KeHUs O3HAYAIOT pa3sūuunbie nuddepeHuanpbHble BHAOBbIe IIDH3HaKH (OHHH H/IH HECKOJIbKO) ONpeEHeEJ/ISE MOTO IIOHATHSA: HAINIDHMEDp, B CHCTEME PH0B rpaMMaTHUCeCKHX OOpM VIS TOTO, YTOOBI ITA CHCTE MA MOIJIA CTaTb TpDaMMaTHUeCKOH KaTerOpHeH, 5TH DA/Įbi JO/IXHBI ObITB IIpDOTHBONOCTAB/IEHbI JIPYT Įpyry, a TpaMMAaTHUeCKHe OOpMBI ĮĮO/DKHBb OBITH € OJHOPOJIHBIMU 3HAUSHHAMH. IlpuBejjeM eme HeCKO/IbKO IPHUMEPOB pOJĮOBHHOBbIX OTHONICHHH, BbISIBJIeHHBIX Ha MaTepuasne HeTOuHHnKa, B BHJIE OT/Ie/IbHBIX C/1I0BAPHBIX CTaTEH COOTBETCTBYIOLIUX TEDMHHOB: Huccumunsiyusn bmxanmmni ponoson: “PacnodJdo6jrenue" 36yko06 bramxanmmn BUIOBOM: Zlucmanmnas duccumuirayus Huekapalannasn duccumunayuss Koumarmnas duccumursiyus Ynueepca/tuu DAHxaž1HnH poOHOBOHK: Ilonoxenua, dopmyJiupyemote oGujum, U, 6 HACMHOCMU, MUNOJIO2UHeCKUM SI3bIKO6edeH eM bryant BHAOBONM: AbcosrromHuble yHusepcatuu Cmamucmuueckue ynueepcajiuu Ponozpamma BnuxaHimnž pogoBou: Ilucomennbiti 3Har 28 Ceprett Ulenor | K xapaxmepucmuxe podosudosoi. Bbriu xaštmini BUIOBOM: IIpocodemozpamMmMa Cunnnabozpamma donemozpamma OrmucaHHas npoueaypa HaXOX/JEHHA POJOBBIX TEDMHHOB (H MOHATUHN) IpuMeHHMA H K Įedununuu TepMHHa NCUXOTIUHZ6UCMUKA, TIPU KOTOpONH rnojnyugaeM [Ba OJIMXAHINHUX pOJHIX INoHATHA —1. “IlucyuiimHa, pa3BUBAFOIIACS Ha CTHIKE A3BIKOBEJIEHUA K nicuxosnorun’ HI 2. “Jucnuminna, KOTOpas U3ydaeT 3aKOHOMEPHOCTH IOPOXKIEHUS V BOCIPHUATHS pe4ueBbIX BbICKA3bIBaHHH; O que é que eu quero dizer? SI3BIKOBYIO CITOCOOHOCTH uej10BEeKa“ (O BO3MOXKHOCTSX HEOJHO3HAUHOTO BBIJE/IEHUS OMMKAUIIETO POJIOBOrO MOHATHA A719 OTHOTO H TOTO Xe ollpejernenus cM. B pabore [1ileito 2007]). Ilockonbky ananunay moasepraercs GopMyInpoBka COBCTBEHHO onpeJieASIONeTO BhIpa’KeHUs, MHOTO3HaYHble TEpMHHbI VcTouHuKa, pa3Hble 3HAUEHMS KOTOPBIX MMEIOT pa3/IMUuHbIeE OlIpele/IeHUs, MOTYT HMETb pa3HbIie OrNMxaHImHe POJOBbIe TEDMHHbI (H NOHATHS); HAIpUMEpP, TEPMUH DMUMOJIOZUSI B 3HAYEHUHN "CITEIHMA/IbHAS OTPaACib JIEKCHKOJIOTHH, KOTODpas 3aHMMAETCs BbISCHEeHHeM 3a0bIThIX, VTpa4eHHbIX MOTHBHDOBOK H, TAKUM obpaszoMm, uccieJoBaHIEeM MIPOUCXOXKIEHUS COOTBETCTBYIONHLHX CJIOB" HMEeET OGnuxažirmee pojįĮ0BOe OOHSTHE, BbIipaxXeHHOe PparMeHTOM "OTDpaCJIb JIEKCHKOJIOTHH *', a TOT XKE TePMUH B 3HaUeHHH ‘CAMO IPOUCXOXKICHUE COBA H ero IIEpBOHaUAJIbHAS MOTUBHPOBKA MMeeT O/iMxAHINEe pOHOBOE IOHSTHE, BbIpaxKeHHOe PparMeHTOM “"IIpOHCXOXKJJEHHE C/IOBA H ETO IIEpBOHaU4UA/IbHASI MothubhupKaa. AHa/iOTHUUHO, pa3Hble POJIOBbIEC TEDMHHbI H HOHSTHS UMEET MHOTO3Ha4uHbIŪ TePMUH 4uepeJdo6aHhue: B OJHOM 3HaYeHUU OIMIKANIITUM poTOBBIM [1/151 HETO ASB/ISIE TCS TEDMHHOJIOTUUECKHŪ PpparMenT “3ameHa Gponem (unn BapuaHToB OboHeM)“, a B IPYrOM —TEPMHUH 3BYKOBOW 3aKOH O6parumM TaKxXe BHUMAaHME Ha TO, YTO J1aieKo He Be (0a30Bbie) TEDMHHbI BCTYHAIOT B POJOBUIOBBIE OTHONHIEHHA JIPYT € IPYTOM. ITO HEY IUBUTE/IBHO: BeJIb He BCe 0a30oBble TEDMHHbI UMEIOT OIIpee/eH! O que está a acontecer? Tem He MeHee, Kora Onpeie/ieHHe pOJOBUIOBOe, (6a30BbIĖŪ) TEPMUH UMeeT KaK POJOBOE MOHATUE, Tak H BHAOBbIe npusHaku. B Tb3 ripejncraB/teHbI Bce BbILAB/IEeHHBIE POIOBUIOBBIE OTHOMIEHHUS KAK MEXY COOCTBEHHO 6a30BLIMH TEDMHHAaMMH, Tak ¥ MeXy 0a30BBIMHU H He623OBbIMH TEDMHAMH. Terminologia | 2009 | 16 29 1983 - 1984 - 1985 - 1986 - 1987 - 1988 - 1989 - 1990 - 1991 - 1992 - 1993 - 1994 - 1995 - 1996 - 1997 - 1998 - 1999 - 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 - 2008 - 2009 - 2010 - 2011 - 2012 - 2013 - 2014 - 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 2018 - 2019 - 2020 - 2021 - 2022 - 2023 - 2024 - 2025 - 2026 - 2027 - 2028 - 2029 - 2030 - 2031 - 2032 - 2033 - 2033 - 2034 - 2035 - 2036 - 2037 - 2038 - 2039 - 2040 - 2041 - 2042 - 2043 - 2044 - 2045 - 2046 - 2047 - 2048 - 2049 - 2049 - 2050 - 2051 - 2052 - 2053 - 2054 - 2055 - 2055 - 2056 - 2057 - 2058 - 2059 - 2059 Ha rrepBoM ypoBHe pOJJOBHĄOBOH CTpYyKTYDpbI HAXOASMTCA 39 TEDMHHOB, CpeJM KOTOPBIX GKMAHM, anajiumuveckoe obpasosanue, accumuisyus, agppukc, epammamuyeckas epynnupoeka JteKcuueckux eOuHUY A3blKa, epammamuueckas Kamezopus, epammamuyeckuti cmpoii, duccumusayus... ¢ppaseosrozusm, Pppaszosoe ydapenue, sKk3eMnaAp cosa, aKkcnonenm 3unaka, w3vik. Ha Bropom yposne —147 tepMuHOB, Ha TpeTbeM —47, a Ha deTBeproMm —6. Ao contrário do que muitos pensam, não. 1962 - 1963 - 1964 - 1965 - 1966 - 1967 - 1968 - 1969 - 1970 - 1971 - 1972 - 1973 - 1974 - 1975 - 1976 - 1977 - 1978 - 1979 - 1980 - 1981 - 1982 - 1983 - 1984 - 1985 - 1986 - 1987 - 1988 - 1989 - 1990 - 1991 - 1992 - 1993 - 1994 - 1995 - 1996 - 1997 - 1998 - 1999 - 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 - 2008 - 2009 - 2009 - 2010 - 2011 - 2012 - 2013 - 2014 - 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 2018 - 2019 - 2019 - 2019 XaPaKTepucthka 3Tux TEPMHUHOB Kak JOCTATOYHO ITTYDOKUX B POJOBUIOBOM HepapxXHH MOXKeT OBITh IPOUIIIOCTPUPOBAHA CHEAVIOMIMMU PsijiaMuU POJOBHIOBOY Hepapxuu: deenpuyacmue —eepboud —znazon —uacmo pesuu —epamMmamuyeckas epynnuposeKa jekcudeckux eduHuy A 3vika, ungunumue —eepboud —2;1a20/1 —uacmb peuu —2paAMMAMUYECKAA 2pynnuposka Jiekcuyeckux eJunuų sI3blkad, cynuH —eéepboud —ajia20J1 —YACITIb peuu —zpamMamuueckas epynnupoeka jgekcuux eduHuy asvika. 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 - 2008 - 2009 - 2010 - 2011 - 2012 - 2013 - 2014 - 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 2018 - 2019 - 2020 - 2021 - 2022 - 2023 - 2024 - 2025 - 2026 - 2027 - 2028 - 2029 - 2030 - 2031 - 2032 - 2033 - 2034 - 2035 - 2036 - 2037 - 2038 - 2039 - 2040 - 2041 - 2042 - 2043 - 2044 - 2045 - 2046 - 2047 - 2048 - 2049 - 2050 - 2051 - 2052 - 2053 - 2053 - 2054 - 2055 - 2056 - 2057 - 2058 - 2059 - 2059 Heo6xojiuMo ocobo yrioMaHyTb BHEYpOBHEBPIC TEDMHHbI pojJOBHAOBOH CTPpYKTYDPPBI, —GaKT, NPeACTABIAIOMUN CAMOCTOSTE/bHBbIM NMHTBHCTHYeCKHUH nHTepec. B caMOM gene, CyImeCTBOBaHHe 6930BbIX TepMHHOB, KOTODBbIE BCTYTNIaIOT B POJOBUIOBbIE OTHONIEHHA C HEKOTOPHIMU TEDMHHOJIOTHYECKHMH HOMUHAOUAMH, HO HE UMEKOT HU POJOBBIX, HH BHĄAOBPpIX 0A30BbIX TEPMHHOB, —ĮĮA/IEKO He odeBuaHbid dakr. Tem Ele MeHee, TaKHe TEDMHKHO/IOTHUECKHE eUHUIIBI He TIPOCTO CYIIECTBYIOT, HO obpa3yroT CaMyIo 4acTh DOJOBHOBbIX OTHOLICHUH: COOTBETCTBYIONUX Jap, BK/IIOYAIOLUX OTH eAuHULb, —238. Quem é o senhor? B HUX IEPBBIM TepMHH —0a30BbIN, a O7IMXAHMINIHUŪ POJIOBOM JŪIS Hero —He6a3OBbIH (ITOCTIETHNN, C/IeIOBATE/IbHO, HE HMEET M COOCTBEHHOH C/IOBapHOH CTAThH), CP. A22JIHOIMUHAIMUE6HAA MeHOe Hy agppukcayuu —mendenyusi aPpukcayuu, akkomodayust —USMEHeHUS 8 ApMuKyYJIAYUL COZTACHbIX U 6 APMUKYJIAYUL JTACHbIX, AKI peydu —npoyecc, 0X6aMbIBAIOW ULL 2080peHue L CITYX080€ 6e0Cnpusimue U NOHUMAHUE YCITbILLAHH020, AKIMUGHDLLI Cmpoli NPped/IOMCeHU —Cmpoli NPeOTONCEHUN... A3blKo6oe obweHue —obmen undopmayuell ¢ NOMOWbIO KAKO2O-TUOO A3bIKA: 30 Cepreit Illenos | K xapakmepucmuxe podosudosotl... A3bIK060L 3HaK —eJUHUYA si3bika; SI3bIKOGOL COr03 —ODLYKOCINb fI3bIKOSB; «zemepozpamma» —nuUCbMeHHbIL 3HAK. 3aBepIM ONMUCAHUE TIOHATHHHON CTPYKTYPDI IUHI BAC TUYECKOH TEDMHHOJIOTHH CBEJICHUSIMM OO ee I[€/I09aC THON CTPYKTYpe. BrisiBennbie Ha MarepHate TEDMHHOJIOTHYeCKHX OrpejenenuHh McTOYHUKA HE/IOUACTHPIE OTHOINEHUS Da3jĮe/ISIOTCS Ha /IBe TPYIIIbI Ha OTHOINEHHS MeXK/Ay Oa30BbIMH TEDMHHAMH, a TaKXe Ha OTHOIUEHUS MEXIy TEpMHHAMH, OJUH H3 KOTODpPIX Oa30BbIK, a ApyroH —Her. 1964 - 1965 - 1966 - 1967 - 1968 - 1969 - 1970 - 1971 - 1972 - 1973 - 1974 - 1975 - 1976 - 1977 - 1978 - 1979 - 1980 - 1981 - 1982 - 1983 - 1984 - 1985 - 1986 - 1987 - 1988 - 1989 - 1990 - 1991 - 1992 - 1993 - 1994 - 1995 - 1996 - 1997 - 1998 - 1999 - 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 - 2008 - 2009 - 2009 B mpenenax JTMHI'BUCTHUECKOTO MaTepuasia He/IOUaCTHbIE OTHOIIEHUs, KaK IHpaBH/IO, CBA3BIBAIOT MOO a) HEKOTOPbhle MEHTANIbHbIE HAVUHBIE CVIIHOCTH B BHIE pas/iesioB HH OTHE/IBHBIX JUCIUILIMH TON H/IH HHOHM HAYKHM H HAYKU B He/IOM, mbo 6) MarepnansHbIe YacTH (PpparmMeHTH!) S3bIKOBBIX 3HAKOBBIX OGpa30BaHHHM H, COOTBETCTBEHHO, BKIIOUAKOIME MX eIUHUIIbI, KaK HalpUMep: ¢donoroeusn —asvikosedenue, cmutucmuxka —si3vlko6edeHue, cemacuostoeust —JIEKCUKOJIO2Usl, NPUKJIadHoe s3biko6edeHue —A3bIKO6eJdenue, popmoobpasyrowsast ocnosa c/ro8a —C1060, UHEEHMAPL 2padem ponemozpaduueckoeo nucoma —asipasum. Ha nepsom ypoBHe 11e/104aCTHON CTPYKTYPHL 0a30BBIX TUHTBUC TUYECKUX TePMHUHOB HAXO/STCS, HAIIDHMEDp, TEDMHHĖbI €JI060, C102, A3bIKOBAST Cemos, sa3vikoeedenue. Ha Bropom ypoBHE I1€109aCTHOM CTPYKTYPBI pacnonaratrorcsa 0azoBble TEDpDMHHbI 2PAMMAIMUKA, JIEKCUKOJI02US, OCH06a croea, podcmieéeHHble A3bIKU, cmurucmuka, ¢popmoobpasyrowas ocHoea c/106a Vi Jip. TpeTbum ypoBHEM He/IOUacTHOH CTPYKTYPBI XapakTePU3YIOTCA TEpMHHbI Mopgposrozuyeckas munosiozus, mopgonoaus, ceMacuosio2ust, CUHIMAKCUC, CUHIMAKcu4eckas munogoeust. 11€/104aC THOM CTPYKTYPbI —YeTBEP THIN; Ha HEM PacIIoiararoTcd bazosble TEepMHHbI Co6cmeenHno mopgostozust K ciro6006paszosaHue, KOTOpble UMEIOT OJHOTUITHYIO “11€7I09aCTHYIO I11eMOUYKY, B KOTOPOU KAXKĖĮbIŪ IIOC/IEJĮYIOLIHH TepMHUH ODO3HauaeT B 94acTh TOTO, UTO O0603HauaeT OpEeLINYLIHHU, H KOTOpas, TAKUM 00pasoM, AOKa3bIBaeT riybuHy COOTBETCTBYIOIIEH MepapXHH: H3biKOG6eJenue —epaMMamuKa —mopgposrozus — co6cmeenno mopgostozust, sizvikoeedenue —zpammMamuKa —mopgoJrozus —c10600bpasosanue. [TpuBesieM ele HeCKOMBKO IPUMEPOB IHĮC/IOUaCTHbIX OTHOIIEHUN, BbISBNeHHpIX Ha Marepuane Mcrounuka, B Bue OTAENbHBIX C/IOBAPHBIX CTaTeH COOTBETCTRYIOMIUX TEDMHHOB: Terminologia | 2009 | 16 31