On Genus-Species and Whole–Part Structure of Linguistic Terminology

T.7 I xap aKTep 4cT 4Ke p oAoB 4AoBo 4 4 lenoqac Ho i c pyx ypb L HT B nc ec < o T ep MmH o o la L * cEP Eil u nos I lucmumy'm lsb Kol u Kynbmyp u . Flaaa Toi cmozo (Mocxaa, Poccun) paSo e [llleaon 2009) 6 , z npegc aB/ eHbl KoM b o epHb e 4 p H - B {cTz {ecKI, e pe3ynb a bl, no[y eHH ] e 4 pea/ .{30BaHHb e B Ae oAaa- T 4 3 4p o Ba Hu o i aH o p . a q u o u u o i c c eM e u ayu u o T ep M H o n o 4 { WinTe m Tepuuuono {qecKo o IeHTpa W: 'c y a pyccKo o s ' Ka 4M. B. B. Bzuo paAoBa. 9ac n 3Tux pe3ynb a oB 3aK/ oqanac e Qop ' a 3o- BaH HoM np e71c aB e H u o H- l T u i s.o , c pyKTyp b H Bnc u ec oil ep - M lHo/ o 14 4. oc p oeHso i Ha epM zH o/ o 4qecKoM Ma' epuane yue6nuxa o . l3b Ko3HaF .l o K). C. Macaoea Bee)enue 6 n3bxo3Hanue (M.: Bn c aq Ko a. 1998; e gan 'ue i ueM H&3b Ba€ cq "l4c o. Hl K' . c, 4. [Macnoa 1998]). Auanu:upoBa 4cb o/ bKo e epM ,IHb . Ko opb e na6o an e o co6c eeHH e onpeAe/ eH:/I L .n 4 pa- T,J cHeH {s e zc o. Hu e. np 6o BcTpe {a o c l B cocTaBe TeKCToBb x pa .u eu oB, c. q/xa q . x o lpe,4eneH 4 M 4 ( on oaaHual l ) a l x TepM HoB ( . e. l cno/ b3y o c A/ s IX o pe;1e eH 4 l. u 4 on <oeanzx). Bce o aK x epM[Hol e Zc o.IHz <e 2066. C aen acb 3aAaqa npeAc aB {T ) non- l l iiH ' e c pyKTypb epM .iHo o| 4 { opuaau:oB?HHb M o6pa:o *. ua ocHoBe onpe.qe/ eH:a l 4 l o6 ,xcneHn coo Be c ByK) I 4x ep uHoB s Vlc- To H . Ke. ipl pel eH 4n oc aB/ eHHblx 3aAaq aKT 4BHo {c lo b3oBailLlcb HeKOTOpb e J 4H B cT qecK e 4 KoNl b oTepHb e pe3 i bTaTb , o/ )'qeHHL, e B xoAe paspa6o xu u < H <qlloH!{poBaH {- KoM b o epHo i Tep - lF ono 4- qecnoii 5a: :uanu (aanee TE3); , x Aoc a oqHo AelanbHoe o . caH 4e Mee cn e pa6o ax [[Ue; on 2002; IIIeaoe 2003; lllenon 2001: LUenoe 2009: Shelo 2003; Shelo 20051. Cpegu aK 4x pe3|nb a oB - Haxo)KlleH 4e 4 neMoHc pa l { l ncex . o l {e- cK x Kpy oB B c c eMe epM Hono {a ecKux o p eAenen . . nol nb o ep - Hoe yc aHoB/ eHlie (u4eH u< xaq . x) pa3nl4 Hb x no l u ,iH , x c pyKTyp * C a uq llo oloBnc a npu aHcolo i ojl:'lcpxKc Poccuiic o o uil ni pHo o na '. solo 4 o .li ( poc 07-0{-2.1 l ). a1 Te minologiia | 2009 | 16 TepM 4Ho/ o u , (no , Ko-noH p iHoi, po.qoBnnoBo , qenoqac Ho ) u u yponueno i op aHu3aq { {, a aK}Ke yc aHoBi e } e HeKo opb x B {,qoB c op- Hb x 4l { HeyAa {Hb x nouq uiiun x noc poeu i,, I.na c paBneH { l Ko opb x p e6ye ca " BHeKoM blo epHa- l ", {I4c o Bop lec Ka-a oqeHKa cno;Kugu e icq c Tya . {n { AalKe RMeIIIaTeIIbcTBo cnequa . cTa- {cc/ e,qoRaTens. B Hac ox qeii c a e Mb peACTaBl M xapaKTep . c Ky po4on z4oeoi z qenoqac F o c pyn yp / {H B c u ecK {x epM {HoB, o6pa:onauuoii coeo- KynHocTb o BCex poAoB lAoBb x 11, cooTBeTcTBeHHo, IJe,[oqac Hb x o Ho ] e- uu i , ex ,qy epM 4HaM . Zc o. 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Pogoengona epapx {a, a1'6o o , 3 qeHHa l c $opnannHo-c pyKTypHo i o nl 3peH { l, lB e c aKx(e .qo- c a oqno 6o a u eope ll ecKI4M KoHCTpyKToM, . o6 lpeAc aB l lTb BaIKHVTO qac b c p KT pb 3Ha]Hus.. B . ac noc ll. oHa ne o6ssa ia 6 o/ bKo (opueH aponanHo i) ,4peeecHoli c pyn ypoii (xo opoii ee qa qe BCe- o l / oc p lp_ o ), B c y To o o6c o eJ. bc Ba, o y o.qHo o B , iJoBo o oH, lT {- i (oSnex a) {o)Ke 6 Hec o xo 6n l>na iu l x K HeMy po.qoBb x -o:as .i . ( o6nen o n ). Bo-n op x, poAoB 4iloeo i oHs p i u , i aHa 3 yc aHaB 4Bae nep- c eKT BHb e B npaKT 4qecK x npu/ o)KeH , xx 6uuapub e c pyKTypb 4na ([oH.qT 4E (O6bEKT) - E O C EU .{Ol]1l.q-EcKLli TTPZ3HAK> u (TIOH. lTZE (OEbEKT) - OTHOIIEHI4E - ( loH lTI4E) OEbEKTD. Ka; 4aa 43 H 4x npeAc aB/ - e Ba)KHOe y Bepx(,qeHue (npe,qz aq o) o i 4 4 :aoi o6nac u 3HaH l, [pI{He M I] c yqae epM 4Holo {qecK 4x olpe- ,qeneul i 3 o y Bep)(AeH e BepHo (npoc o B cu y onpeAeneHua). Eoaee To o, KoM , oTepHoe MoAe/ upoBaH , e poAoBu4oeo {epapx { 4 o6 ,en oe L L x lDu: HaKo s 4Houla lo3Bo/ e o6ec e. u' 'b J olL KO-cel an z. ec , i 1 Cep eii LLIe; oe K xapa mepucmuKe po)oau)oaoil.. BLIBO"q CO|IIaCHO II3BeCTHOM_V nplIHqllny (HaCneAOBaHIL l npX3HaKOB) : Bce, l To BepHo nn poAoBo o oH- lTuq (o6 e a), cIIpaBeAn {Bo An B 4AoBo o oH- lTl4, (o6 ex a) {, TaK {M o6pa3oM, KaxAbI i B AoBo i o6 ,en (HacJ e- AyeT)) MHO)KeCTBO p 43HaKOB pOi lOBO O OSneX a. B - p e ux, p onoB 4AoBa 14epapxu- l o6 'eKToB qB,/ e c l yH 4Bepc anluo , c a 4cT 4qecK 4 3Hal {Moil c py yp oi, npoHI43b Ba oil{e n c6y c TeMa {- ecKy o o6 lac b. Tax, no HeKo opb M AaHHb M, upn pa:pa6o Ke epM 4Ho- / o qecK x cTaHAapToB oH_ lT {_ , cB l3aHHbIe poAoBIlAoBb M 4 oTHoIl eHL 'I- M 4, KOTOpb e 3aAalo c oo Be c By oque AeouHlI4u , Bc pe a c c s s 7 lol c] }/qaeB Bcex cB 3e a ue> <4y epM I aMV. HanoHeq, B- e Bep b x, caMa < opuynupoBKa po4oBo o oH z l qac- To oKa3b Bae c noKa3a eneM ceMaHT qecK 4x o Ho eH { , n no opn e Bc ynae onpeAen le i epl. . u (D d) c Apy lM epM 4HaMu o peAe- n- l o qe o Bb paxeH 4 l (D n); B AanbHe i xeM B B eHHb e aK 4u o6pa:ou C CMAHTI{IICC KI{E OTHO IIIEHU- l MO IYT NPCACTABII l Tb NOH l TII il HVTO CTPYKTYPY TepM 4HOnO { {. Ta un o6pa:ou, aHa 3 poAoB {Aono i uepapxwL noHs l i o i unu a oi o6nac u 3Ha , sa$HxcupoBaHHo i cHc e o i o[pe- g,e, e u i, o (pb Bae xpo ( le epcneKTnB ' A,' l Bb B ileH l. peAc aB e nq (e ou { {c e n KoM o ep o o) c py {T) p ' Ha- yqHo o 3lla l l. B pa6o ax [Llleaon 2003: LLIeaos 2009; Shelo 2003] 6 na onuca- Ha np oqe,qyp a nH BklcT {q ecKo o a Han 3a nep 6aa H ' x (anH ) TepM 4- Ho/ o , qec K ,lx o p enea e ul . llp oqc'4yp a ic xoA , 4 3 np eABap 4Te ,Ho o ycnoB l Bb o HeH l , Boo6ule oBop- l, .qoBonbHo c po x 4 )Kec Kmx, Ho B lenoM AocTaTo Ho l3BecTHb s pe6onaHn . npegn- lB eMb x K cl4cTe- Me onpeAe es :. o cy c B { B onpeAen, l }oqeM Bb pax{eH 4 4 c 4HoH MoB, MHo o3Ha {Hb x c/ oB .{ KoHCTp)'Kun , ncnoab3oBaH lq oAHo 4 Hb x c {HTaK- c 4qecK 4x KoHc pyK lIa s cl . asx oAHo { Hb x / o 4Ko-ceMaHT {qecK 4x ycnonuil 4 T. . Pe:ynl a npl MeHeH . - l 3Toi lpo leAypb o3Bo o OAHO3HaqHO OTBeTT{Tb Ha Cne.qyuq le BOnpocb : B _ leTc l / I4 AaHHoe oIIpe- .4eneH e poAoB AoBb M, a ec/ 4 3To ileiicTB 4TelbHo TaK, To ycTaHoBp Tb, nano i KoHKpe Ho e o eKcTon i Qpa ueHT Ha3b Bae 6 zx<a iu ee (gla o peAen. leMo o oH- l ux ( u o6 'enla)) poAoBoe loH. l e (unn po4ono i o6 'e < ), a <axo - cneq z$l - ec <u i (azQ$epeuqzaa u ) 'pu3:aaK l np {3HaK 3To o oH- lT { (u a o6 ex a). B -{ac Hoc . , B 3T 4x pa6o ax [p {BoA 4TC cneAy}o qee [paB 4no, c Tc ninologiia i 2009 | l6 25 noMou b o Ko opo o yc a {aBn {Bail 4cb coo Be c By oqze Qpa n eH npeACTaBneHHOM H )Ke MaTep aJ e: Po4o , Sp a l-e noM o p e Aen- l o qe o B ' p a)Ke E l. l.n ilse c s. e O MIIHI4Ma/I Ha.' C e MaHTIIqe CKLI 3aI(OHTI€HIIa q, CHIIT aI(C II {eCKLI e3aB c uMa l qac , B { oqa oula Ma (c {Ma/ bHb ( o caone c o i AnH e I.I c . a {c 4 {e c Ko i c Py (T)?e ) p a e e o Pe Aene Hn i ep - * ww (wnu cBo6oAHoe co {e a ue paHee o peAeneHH ,D( epu a on), An-a (o opo i oc aB a lc { qac b aKx(e lBl *e c l 3a (oH {e Ho i L ocM ' clle il o iI 3Ta ocTaB 'Ia lcq qacT ' o peAen l o qe o B pa- ) (eH , l peAc aBnqe coGo i n,q,ono i pueHa (ecaH 3Ta qac ) CI'IHTAI(CI{qECKI'I OTHOCIITC l I{ OAIIOMY I TOMY )I(E CNOBY) NNU O6I- eAn e ne (xo o x lnlo) BllAoBb x pu3 {aKoe (ecnu 3Ta qac b CIIHTAI(CI4I{ECI(I{ OTHOCI'ITC l K PA3IIbIM C./IOBAM). 3TO IPABI4NO OTHO- c 4Tc K TepM HaM z c . c eMe x onpeAe'nenn i He3aB 4cI4Mo o TeMa l4a e- c o i o6nac 4 pa3 ena suanui , a e o o6 qa 4ne l 3aK/ oqae c B loM, - o 6au)Kaliu ee po4oBoe oH- lT .{e 1) nupaxae HeKo op i e cMb c; oBoM o Hol eH . 3aKoHqeHu , i ( pa ueHT TeKc a, 2) e o Qpa u eH coAep)( 4T ue bHo BblpaxeHHoe o6o:Ha. eH? e caMo o sac Ho o u3 Bo3Mo)KHnIX Tep- M { oB o i xe oSaac n 3HaH 4J{ a 3) u o oc aenludca Qpa eu eKc a TaK)Ke on)KeH 6 ' b a cMbIC/ oBol,I o HoLI eH lLI 3aKoHqeIlHbIM Iz BbI Io/ - nx SyHn 1u c onpeAe/ eH { n a6o o4uo o, l 6o HecKo/ LKZx o6ne oe, Ha. BaHHh x B B ' ne, eHHo ppa eH e. lonax eu, KaKa. l poqeAypa pealz3ye 3To paBl4no Ha Ma epuane :- p - Be,qeHHb x Bb [ e ip MepoB! An. l ]e o ilpoaHanl. 3l pyeM o lpeAen ]oul]{e B , palKeHl - l c oo Be c By oq 4x 4eQuu ql i (np neueuue II o6oc HoBaH e o i x<e poqe,qypb Ha pa3Hoo6pa:uo , eMa qecKoM Ma epl{ane pyccKo o a aH n a icno o :lb KoB c , . e uy6aL Ka 4 4 lllJenon 20031): A6 aym. "9cpe.qonaHne" ( epuu H B 4c iK . c e71oBa e bHo, sB -ae c Ka . Aa oM n <pop aupon 6; . xaiiu e o polloBo o noua . ) "qepe.qoBaHI{e lacHu " ( cp u nilll Bl c l4K . ci eAoBa enbllo. TaKXe Bn e cq KaHI Ia oM B < opuynuponx O, axliiu e o po;Iono o noH ui , ip iqeM B Kaqec Be aKo so o oH ,q q ue., eM nFeJ[ ec e o qlii. nocKo. hK epMI,iHo; o ilqecKl e paxae 6olee qac Hoe nona ne) - "qepelloBaH e l zicHll , o6ycaonncHHoe/'He o61 ci ouneHHoe..." ','o *, " -". -.,_ o , EA ,--,.,,,,,3aKOHqeHHOe RhIPa)KeHUe. HO BKJIIOqaeT JJOnOi H 4Te bHOe oi. 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Ta au o6pasou, l cKoMb i lpa n en eKc a, Bb pa)Kaloq n . 6nlz>xa i- ee poAoBoe oH lT e An'I epM Ha aCnaym - " epe4oBaH e / ac- HIIIX': AHano nqno lMeeM: Axxo wo?agux, " lpucnoco6neHue" (ne aRaxe' c epMuHoll uH B , c uK . u, coo Be c BeH o, {e c aHoB 4Tc l Ka A ua' oM B < opl yn pon y 6;n xaiiu e o ponoBo o oH - "npucnoco6aenue ap . y i qu :i" ( 'ep- ' nn nnH B 4c K l, Ho lb pa)KeH . e cel{a ecK l He 3aKoH eHo: puc ioco6i eHue - x euy? ap1' K- [ l1 I4 - e o?) - "np acnoco6n 'Hue ap l Kyn qnii col, acHo o" ( ep u nu uH B c uK 4, I{o nblpa)KeHI4e ceMaHTaqecKl l e 3aKoHqeHo: l p cnoco6nenue ap' x naqu i co lacHo o - < uenl') - "npucuoco6neHl c ap uKynx4ui co l acHo o u nacso o" ( ep nH II{ I B ,Icl' lKl{, B paxeH {e ceMaHT 4qecK 4 3aKoHqeHo u sB/ el'cq Ka A na oM n (;opmy; poa 6nzxaii e o po.qoRolo nona x) - ". ac uqHoe np c oco6nel{I4e ap uKl' nqui co nacHo o . . lac o o" ( e x e yclonl g, o 4 la oM R ll e. Ho Bb pa)KeH e BK oa ae Aolon i enbHoe [o Ho3uaqHoc c ono ("uac u Hoe"). He . lBnslo {eec l TepMI,IHoM , H B c uKL , o .qnKTye Bo3Rpa K paHee Ha {eqeHHoMy Kagl 4;la y) - ". l.l - cnoco6 enne ap zxy; - quii cMc)KHb x co . yacHo o n lnacuo o" ( e xe yc/ oB 4s, q o IJa oM Bblll e, Ho Bb pa)KeHue BKnIo ae'I' llo oJlH Tenbl oe [oIIHO3HaqHoe c. oBo ("cuexHu, "), He anax olleec epMuHoM uH Bllc llK 4. o AxKTye Bo3Bpa K panee HaMeqeHHoMy KaHA . ;la y - " pxc oco6; esze ap Ky ] l 4l" co acHolo u uacHo o", o op ii 14 Ha3 , Bae 6a xai lee po oBoe noul ne; "qac u. Hoe" Qop yauponxa B l,qoBo o [p 43HaKa, o Hoc- qe oc l K ou l 4 o p 4cnoco6neu a; "clae; ' x" - op ulylllponKa Rl .qoBolo np l3HaKa, o Hoc ue oc K noH- lT o co / acHo o ,I l acHo o. T a nn o6pa:o. , llcKoMb i Qpa l.eu eKCTa, BbIpDKalo qui 6anxa i u ee poAoBoe oH. l T 4e An-s epMu Ha aKKoMoaauu l " ilp lcnoco6neH 4e ap 4Ky- qun i co nacHo o u /IacHo o': Bs nonnenHa coBepileHHo aHa/ o z Hb M o6pasou Ha Ma epl4a/ e Apy l4x p {BeAeHHb x p {M ep oB IIp oqeAypa Haxo)KAeH]1- 6n 4)Ka i me o p o.4oBo o IIoH lTI4 l IIpI'IBOAIIT K CIleAyloulla a pe3|[bTaTaM: AII9 TepMIIHa aHmuauna- Uu l 5 lKa i uee po4oBoe oH lT {e "o K oHe { 4e o oc eAoBa e bHoc 1 3/ eMeHToR aHaoopbI", A s epM 4Ha zpaMMamuqecKa Kamezopu l - "cllc e- Te minologija | 2009 | 16 27 lMa p- l.4oB paMMa 4 ecKl x Qopa", iJn l TepM {Ha ucmopu3M - " eKc 4.le- cKa- l e/InH . qa a 3Ha {eH {e / eKc 4 {ec <o i e4zu aq ' 'i llpn 3ToM oc aB x 4ec i eKc 4Ko-c 4HTaKc? qecKL e qacT { onpeAe/ o le o Bb pa}(eHl/ _ l o3Ha {a oT pa3n 4qHb e 4u$ bepenqua/ bH , e B 4,{oBb e np 43HaK 4 (o,ql n 4l 4 HecKo/ b- o) onpe4e/ - eMo o oH - l: Ha p 4Mep. B c c eMe pgAoB paMMa , qe- c <u (;opl A[ o o. .11<)6 '1 3Ta c zc e]!{a Mo / a c a paM a . ecxo i (a e opae i, e u p lAb Aon)Kn , 6 ' , npo {Bonoc aB eHb Apy Apy y, a paMMa 4qecK 4e Qopn Io/ lKHbI 6 ' c oAHopoAHb M 3Ha {eHn l.M . llp aee4e u e qe HecKonbKo np {MepoB poAoB {AoBb x o Hoil eH { , sb .ss- / eHHb x Ha Ma ep 4ane l4c o.{H 4Ka, B Bl ne o lenbHb x c/ oBapHh x c a ei cooTBeTCTBy cLqux TepMKHOB: , uccumun lUu l Bnu>xa i u a p ogoeo i : " P c c no0o6 neH ue" .3 6 Ko B Ea a;Na iul i nugonoi: ,4,u c ma um n aq 7uccu u l Uu q 14 uepqu o n ua n 0 uc c u Mu l u u K o ums cmnas 0 uccu MU n l Uu l IIpe 0 a ocxuuJa o Ua l 0 uccu l u n l JU l Yuuaepcanuu E x<ai. uz i p ogonoii : Ilonos euus , Qopn ynupyenwe o6 4uM. u. B qacmHocmu, munono- z uL ec K uM xsw co a e0 eu ue l 6nl. >xaii u ui nugono il : A6c o n cmHb c y Hu 6epc anuu C m amu cn uq e cKUe y Hu 6epc a J uu @onoepamma E n x<a y i p o71oH oi : IIucu weuuo il. suax 2 8 Cepleii IIIc, on I K xapaxmepucmuKe po0oeu0oao " ... E nu>xa i.my i nm o s ou : lpoco0emozpaMMa Cunna6ozpoMMs QouemozpaMMa Onp caHnax npoqeAypa HaxolKAeHV l poAoBb x epl .{HoB (u noux u i) np MeH 4Ma 4 K 4e zuaq a epM 4Ha ncuxonuHzlL cmuKa, npl xo opo i no yqaeM ,qua 6au; a ii ux poAoB ' x l oH- lT 4- l - 1. "! . cqp / 4Ha, pa3- B 4Ba oLqaqc- Ha c b Ke - 3b KoBeAe:o:,z, l L c 4xo/ o 4 " n 2. " lncqun nua, KOTOpa U3yqaeT 3aKOHOMePHOCTZ nopo)KneH 4 l , Bocnp[ lT 4 l pe ]eBb x Bb cKa3 Bau . i; nexaHp 3Mb , ynpaRn l o q {e 3T Mll npoueccaMz z o6ec- ne { {Ba o q 4e BnaAeH 4e u oB/ aAeH 4e l3b KoM; 3b KoBy o cnoco6 oc n . enoRe <a " ( o aosuox<Hoc l x HeoAHo3Ha Ho o Bb Ae/ eH 4- l 6nu; a i ue o poAoBo o o:u lTll l. An onHo o o o )Ke onpeAe leH -s cl.. e pa6o e [lIIe- non 2007] ). ll oc non y aHa lu3y oABep ae cx Sopnyl 4poBKa c o6c seuuo o lpe,4en l ou{e o Bb paxeH { l, MHo o3HaqHb e Tep] lHH zc o. n , Ka. pa3- Hb e 3Ha {eHz l KoTopb x {Me oT pa3,[I4qHb e onpeAe]IeH 4 , Mo yT {MeTb pa3Hb e 6nux<aiz ; ue polloBb e epM Hb ( a ou- l us): nanpnnep, TepMl H 3M UMO]IO Z U,a B 3HAIICHI,]II .'C ICIJIIAII bHA' OTPACNb JICKC I4KO/IOII{I{, KOTOPA- l 3aHl4Mae c. Bbl- cHeH len :a6u . . pa eHHblx Mo {B} poBoK u, TaKLTM o6pa:on. {ccneAoBaH . eM po 4cxo)KAeI{ . l coo Be c By o l 4x c oB" {Mee 6nux aiu ee poAoBoe oH- lTue, Bb pa) (eHHoe { pa uen o ul "o pac ' / eK- c?IKo o {11", a o )Ke epM ,IH B 3Ha {eH[ "caMO npoucxo)KAeHl4e c loBa e o nepBoHa a bHa l Mo B {poBKa" I4Mee 5nilx<a mee poAoBoe loH e, Bb pa)KeHHoe ( pa l-eu oM " p o cxo )KneH 4e c / oBa L e o ep Bo Haqa bHa l Mo 4BHpoB <a". Asano p Ho, pa3Hb e poAoBb e epM Hb L o L l HMee MHO O 3Ha U , i epl u u u e p e0 0 a aH ue'. B oAH oM 3Ha eHz { 6 nwx<a w M p o - AoBb M A - He o qBJTqe c epM 4Hono a. ec uii clpa ', eu "3aMeHa $oueu (unu napuaH on <poue u)", a B Apy oM - epM {H ":ny ono i :axou". O6pa l u aK)Ke BH 4MaH e Ha o, q o na[eKo He BCe (6a:oen e) TepMuHb BCTyna o B poAoB .qoBb e o Ho eHu llpy c Apy oM. 3 o ney,quB ei bHo: Be,4b He sce 6asoen e epMl Hb {Me o onpeAeneH l, He BCe epM {Ho/ o- 4 {ecK} e onpeAeneHnq B[- l o c l poAoB AoBb M {. Ten ue MeHee! Ko 4a onpeAel eHne poAoB AoBoe. (Sasonui ) ep qs LIMee KaK poAoBoe o- H. lT {e, TaK { B 4AoBb e p 43HaK 4. B TE3 npeACTaBJ eHb Bce Bb B eHHb e poAoB {AoBb e o Hol eH l J KaK Mex Ay c o6c eeHHo 6a:oel - a epM HaM , TaK 14 Me)K 6a3oBb Ml z ne6asoBb Ml epM {HaM 4. Te minologija I 2009 I 16 29 C)6qee Ko/ uqec Bo aK 4x uap, o6pa:y cq e poAoB {AoBb e cB- 3 4, - 448. Ha nepeol ypoR e pogoB {AoBoi c pyx ypb HaxoA l cs,39 epM 4HoB, cpe- .q . Ko opb x aKm a Hm, aHg umuqecK oe o6pa soaauu e, sccuMu J uus , oQQuxc, zpaMMamueecKsi zpynnuponKs e ccuqecKux e?uuuq l3b - Ka, zpaMMamuqecKa Ka ezopu , apaMMamuqecKuil cmpoil, Euccu- Mu l yu l ... QpaseonozusM, Qpasoeoe y apeuue, "*""i "p c o6a, g ccnoHeHm 3HoKa, i sb K. Ha a opo . _ poBHe - I47 TepM 4HoB, Ha pe- TbeM - 47, a ua L e Bep oM - 6. Ma <c a 4?' / bHb i ypoBeHb poAo ugoeo i c pyKTypb - n lTbli. Ha e , paclo/ a ae c l {e b pe 6a:oeb x epM HoB { cpel ux - Oeenpuuacmue, uuQuHumuz, npuau cmue, cynuu. Xa- paKTep {c {Ka s x ' epM {HoB KaK .qoc a o Ho ny6oK x B pogoB . lo- no i nepapx , 4 Mo (e 6 ' n npounn oc papoBaua cneAy oquM 4 p Aa { po.qoB AoBo i aepapx '. eenpuqscmue - aep6ou0 - zJ szo - qacmb pequ - zpoMMomuqecKa l zpynnuponKo J eKcuL ecKux e0unuq l3b Ka, unQuuumue - aep6ou0 - znazoJ - qacmb pequ - zpawMamu4ecKa l zpynnupoaKa J eKcu. ecKux e?u uuq 3b Ka, cynuH - eep6ou0 - ails- 20J - ocmb pequ - zp&MMamu ecKa l zpynnupo'Ka neKcuqec cux eou- HuU l3b Ka. I ,IecTI' epM {HoB Haxo.q {Tc Ha qe Bep oM ypoBHe poAoB - 4oeoi uepapx 4 : 6ep6ou A, 63su M HoKoH eepcu Hb e zJ azoJ b , zJ yxoil, saou cu , oKoH4aHue, cyQQu cc. Heo6 o4 . uo oco6o y[oN Hy b BHeypoBHeBb e epMn , poAo- a,4,o o i c pyKT)?n , - ax . [peAc aB na o:(l i, caMocTo ei ,u /THHTBHCTT{ {ecKHii 4HTepec. B cauol Ae e, cy qec BoBaH 4e Sason , x ep- MI{HOB, KOTOpb e RCTyna}OT B pOAOB 4nOBb e OTHO IeH 4, l C HeKOTOpb M { TePMZHO'IO|HTIeCKI{MI4 HOMHHaI]H- lMI{! I{O He IIIMeIOT IIId pOAOB X, HII BIIAoBT' x 6asonn x epMl-I oB, - Aa eKo He oqeBu.qHn i < a : . Ten se MeHee. TaKue TepM .{Hono l ecK 4e el{ H 4 lb He npocTo cyl lecTBy oT, Ho o6pa:y o caMylo qac b po,qoBI4iIoBb x o Hol[c'n i:coo ee c By oul .lx nap, BK/ ol a olq 4x 3T 4 el 4H { lb , - 238. H . x<e B Ka {ec Be npaMepoB IIpu- Bo,q- Tc. l ' aK . e lapb ; R H x nepe , i TepM 4H - 6a:osl l , a 'nux<ailu i po4ono i A/ He o - He6a3oBb i (nocaegn . i. cnegoBa e/ bF o! He 4Meel 4 co6c seF Holi cnonapuo i c a 'n), cp . : azz om u H amu 6u a z meu4 eHuu q aQQu cca yuu - meHAeHIJu ac l uxcc 4uL , eKKoMo4aqux - usMeHeHu { 6 apmuKyn lauu cozuacHb x u B apmuKyn auu ?IacHb x, aKm Pequ - npoaecc, oxBamb Ba o 4uii zoaopeHue L c) yxo6oe locnpunmue u noHuMaHue yc bil.uaH- Hozo, aKmua uo il cmpoil npe}no ceHui - cn poii npe}nosneul l... i sb - Ko6oe o6 qeuue - o6ueu uu<pop laquei c no oulb o KoKoao-nu5o ssa xa: 3 0 Cep e i LIIe os I K xupaxmepucmuKe po)oeu)oaoil. i sb Koloil 3HsK - eduHuLJa cbxa; sb Koloil con3 - o1uluocma nbxos; " zemepozpaMMa" - nucbMeHHa i sua c. 3anepu ul o {caHLIe nonq' l iuoi c p < pbI )II{HI'BI{CT a- ecxoli TepM - Ho o 4 l cBe.qeH .sMu ()6 ee uenoqac Hoii c pyx ype. B .ssaeHHb e Ha Ma ep a/ e epM 4Hono uqecKux o pe qeneH i 4c- TOqHLTKa lenoqacTHh e oTHo[ eHu l pa3.qenJl o c l Ha IBe py[[b : Ha oT- Hol eH zq Me)KAy 6a:og ' , , u epM 4HaM . , a' aKlKe Ha o Ho en { l Me)K.qy TepMI HaM . o/q {H 3 Ko opb x 6asosu i, a gpy oi. - He . O6 uee Ko } - ec Bo ap, o6pa:y cqux qeloqac Hoe o1'Ho eHl e, - 55. B npeAenax /II4H BI,ICTIII{CCI(O|O MATCPI4ANA qCNOqACTHbIC OTHOIUCH 'I'I, KAK IIPABIIIIO, cB, l3b Ba o n a6o a) HeKo opb e MeHTa/ bHb e HayqHb e cyu{Hoc l B BXAe pa3AeloB 14 o Aej bHb x /luc lu l. us o i, n L ] sloii HayKu p HayK .I B qe/]oM, a a6o 6) Ma ap a? bHb e {ac l ( }pa l.en , ) x: , oeb x 3HaKoB oSpa- :osau[i , coo Be c BeHHo, BKi oqa oq {e 4x e,4 H qb , KaK Ha p {Mep: Qouonoau l - i 3b KoneAeHue, cmunucmuKa - qso coae0eHue, ceMa- cuonozu l - J eKcuKoJ oz l , npu cna)uoe l3b Ko6e0euue - l3b Ko6e- 4e uue, Sop uoo6po3y ouJai ocHoas cnoaa - c o6o, uHleHmapb zpa( en Qoue aozpaSuuecxozo nucbMa - anQo aum. Ha uepnou ypoBHe lenoqac Hoi c pyn yp 6a: on x / . H B c . qecKl x TepMUHOB HaxOA TC l, HanplIMep, TepMUHF,I CJIo$O CJIO?' l3b Ko6asl ce- Mb l, l3b KoleAeHue. Ha e opoM ypoBHe {eJ oqac Hoii c pyx ypb pac- no/ a a o c-a 6a:on ' e e'pM lHb zpaM Mgm uK a, J e ccuKoJ oz ! i , oc Ho6s cJ o o, po}c naeuHb e l3b Ku, cmuJ ucmuKe, Qopmoo6ps3y o ya l ocHona cJ oaa u 1p. Tpe bl M ypoBHeM Je oqac soii c pyK ypb - apaK- Tepu3y o c l TepM {Hb mopQonozu. ecKa l munoJ ozux, mopQonozu , ceMacuoJ oz l , cuHmQKc lc, cuHmaKcuqecKa l munono7ug. Mancn- . az 'un i ypoBeH , {enoqacTHo c p < VpbI - eTRep l in; Ha e.N pacilona- a o c. l 5a:osl e epM H , co6cm.aeuuo wopQon ozu u c n oaoo6pa soao- HUe, KOT'Opb e {Me}o oAHo un y o " lelouac Hy}o qenol Ky' , n o opoi. na; ;1ui oc/ e y cqu i epul. H o6o: naqae B ac b o o, ITo o6osna. ae npeAb Ayq . i, xo opa l, TaKl{M o6pa:ou, oKa3b Bae u 1 6nHy coo Be - c ny c qe i nepap- 4 . ; .sso coae)eHue - zpaMMomuKa - mopQonozuz - codcn ae u uo mopQono?u l, ss ' coae0eHue - zpaMMsmuKa - mopQo- J ozu l - cnoaoo6pa3o6oHue. llpl ee,qel. eule HecKo/ ,Ko np {MepoB qenoqac' Hb x olnou enu Z. Bb J{B- eHHb x Ha Ma ep {ane l4c o. H Ka. B B . Ae o Ac n Hb X C,TOII&pHb x c a e i c ooTBeTc TRylo ill x TepM HoR : Te minologija | 2009 I 16 31