Rankraštinis Lauryno Ivinskio nomenklatūrinių pavadinimų sąrašėlis

161Terminologija | 2013 | 20 Rankraštinis Lauryno Ivinskio List of nomenclatural names ALBINA AUKSORIŪTĖ Institute of Lithuanian Language KEY WORDS: Laurynas Ivinskis manuscript, nomenclatural name, Juzefas Ignacas Kraševskis Laurynas Ivinskis (1810–1881) was an educator and pedagogue of the middle of the 19th century. His creative legacy is varied and rich, but most of it has never been published. Most of L. Ivinskis’ manuscripts are kept in Lithuanian libraries, a few of his works are also abroad – in Krakow and St. Petersburg (see Auksoriūtė 1998: 102–110). Most of L. Ivinskio manuscripts are stored in the Manuscript Collection of the Library of the Lithuanian Institute of Literature and Folklore (LLTI BR), some of the manuscripts stored there have already been described in the collection of articles published in 2012 Priešaušrio mokslas, kultūra ir švietimas: Lauryno Ivinskio 200-osioms gimimo metinėms (see Auksoriūtė 2012: 217–243; Kažukauskaitė 2012: 161–174), and the manuscript of L. Ivinskio mushroom atlas has been published on the plate attached to the aforementioned collection of articles. Among other manuscripts of L. Ivinskis in the LLTI BR there is a folder entitled “Phylological material from the field of botany” in the catalogue, fund number FI–645. This folder consists of 48 unnumbered pages of different formats, containing lists of Lithuanian words, mostly plant names, with Polish and some Latin and Greek equivalents. On the two double pages of the folder are written Lithuanian words with their Polish equivalents, and some words are accompanied by some explanations in Polish. On both sides of the first leaf of the first doublet there is a list of various Lithuanian words, it contains names of constellations, several names of plants and other words. On both sides of the second page of this doublet there is a list of Lithuanian botanical and zoological nomenclatural names with their Polish equivalents and one other Latin equivalent, which continues on the first page of the second doublet. The second and third pages of the second doublet contain a list of Lithuanian place names with Polish commentaries, and the fourth page contains the names of several musical instruments and other Lithuanian words with their Polish equivalents. At the top of the three pages of the manuscript in question is the abbreviation Krasz, which is the abbreviation used by L. Iviński of the surname of his 162 Albina Auksoriūtė | Manuscript by Laurynas Ivinskis | nomenklatūrinių pavadinimų sąrašėlis contemporary Polish cultural figure and historian Juzef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812–1887). As Ona Kažukauskaitė (2012: 169) writes, “...L. Ivinskis studied diligently the highly authoritative work Litwa by the famous Polish cultural figure J. Kraszewski, which is full of linguistic material. Ancient history, laws, language, faith, customs, songs, proverbs, legends, etc., published in Warsaw in 1847. In one place he has briefly mentioned the metric of the book: (Krasz. Litwa. ed. 1847 r. War.), in other cases only Kr., Krasz.” The opinion of the lexicographer O. Kažukauskaitė can be fully agreed with, because when comparing the words written by L. Ivinskis on both double pages with the work mentioned by J. I. Kraševskis, it is obvious that these are excerpts from J. I. Kraševskis’ book. This article examines in more detail the list of botanical and zoological nomenclature names (hereinafter referred to as NPS) contained in only three double-page pages (see Figure 1). The aim of the article is to discuss the Lithuanian nomenclatural names presented in L. Ivinskio manuscript and compare them with the list presented in J. I. Kraševskio work, to examine the names of NPS presented by L. Ivinskio himself and compare them with the terms in L. Ivinskio other work – Polish-Lithuanian Dictionary (hereinafter – PLD)1. J. I. Kraševski's book Litwa. Starożytne dzieje, ustawy, język, wiara, obyczaje, pieśni, przysłowia, podania i t. d. (‘Kr’)2 contains a list of animals, birds, trees and plants (Przypiski. Nazwania zwierząt, ptaków, drzew i kwiatów znanych w Litwie) (pages 274 to 283), from which extracts are included in the list of L. Iviński’s manuscript in question. In J. I. Kraševskis’ work the Polish word is given first, and next to it is given its Lithuanian equivalent, e.g. : Chart, Kurtas3 Kr 274; Bóbr, Bebrus Kr 275; Bocian, Gandras Kr 277; 1 L. Ivinskio Polish–Lithuanian dictionary covers the letters A–R (2060 pages), the manuscript is kept in the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow, and in 2010 it was published by the lexicographer of the Lithuanian Language Institute O. Kažukauskaitė (Lauryno Ivinskio Polish–Lithuanian dictionary. Vilnius, 2010, 524 p.: fax. + 1 video disc (DVD)). 2 An electronic copy of the book, digitised by Google, is available online at http://books.google.lt/books?id=zQTVAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=lt&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v= onepage&q&f=false 3 by J. I. Krasevski. 163Terminologija | 2013 | 20 Figure 1: First page of L. Ivinskis’ list Certa, Karszis Kr 279; Bób, Pupa Kr 279. In some places a short Polish commentary is added, e.g. Koń, Arklis (wiele innych nazwań) Kr 275, or the Latin equivalent, e.g. Cielę, Telas (Vitulus) Kr 274, and a synonym is added to several Lithuanian names, e.g. Zając, Kiszkisz, Zujkis Kr 275. The following names are given in separate sections: domestic 164 Albina Auksoriūtė | Manuscript by Laurynas Ivinskis | nomenklatūrinių pavadinimų sąrašėlis 276, Jaskółcze ziele, Akiû zole, Krekzdine Kr 280. Sąrašas suskirstytas į animals (Zwiérząta domowe Kr 274), wild animals (Zwiérz dziki Kr 275), worms, reptiles (Robaki, płazy i in Kr 276), birds (Ptaki Kr 277), fish (Ryby Kr 279), trees, plants (Drzewa, rośliny i in Kr 279) and fossils (Rzeczy kopalne (Kastinej) Kr 282). In the manuscript of L. Ivinskis, the nomenclatural names transcribed from the list of J. I. Kraševskis are presented in a different order – the Lithuanian name is given first, followed by its Polish equivalent, e.g. : Fabrics. I'm the NPS, Deer. Moose NPS, Krikłé. Cyranka NPS, Szapałas. I'm the NPS, Skroblas. Grab the NPS. The list itself is not divided into parts as in the work of J. I. Kraševskis, the nomenclatural names of all groups are listed in order. It should be noted that L. Ivinskis did not rewrite all the names – J. I. Kraševskis’s list contains a total of 251 taxonomic names, while L. Ivinskis’s list contains 159 taxonomic names, not counting synonyms and variants4 (see table). Nomenclature names J. named in the list of I. Number of taxa named in Kraševskis Number of the group of names taxa Pets 21 5 Wild animals 28 14 Insects, reptiles 25 16 Birds 53 35 Fish 19 17 Plants 87 62 Minerals 18 10 L. Ivinskis not only carefully read the work of J. I. Kraševskis, rewritten the nomenclatural names used by him, but also corrected some of them or added his own synonyms or variants. O. Kažukauskaitė notes this as well: “Beside some of the words presented by J. Kraszewski (in fact – K. Sirvydas) wrote p. (powinno) and his own variant <...>” (Kažukauskaitė 2012: 171). Such corrections by L. Ivinskis with the suffix Mr. NPS are few, only to nine nomenclatural names: 4 For the purposes of this article, synonyms are words of different roots and variants are words of the same root which differ in spelling, phonetics or morphology. 165Terminologija | 2013 | 20 Kremblys. p Kremblis5. NPS, plg. Grzyb, (in Szyrwida Gribas but in fact) Kremblys Kr 280; Grzyb, -a. m. Gŕības, -a. m. -bek, -bka. m. IŽ 88 (348)6; You're a bitch. p Anguilla NPS7, plg. Oak, Uzuołas Kr 280; Oak, oak. m. Ànżuołas, -a. uòżuołas, àżuołas, -ła. w. (medicine). Quercus IŽ 41 (160); Warnałesza p Warnalieża and Warnarieża. 105 pp. NPS, plg. Lopuch, Warnelesza Kr 281. These variants can be compared with the names presented in another work of L. Ivinskis Prigimtūmenė9 (hereinafter – Pr) – cf. Pàstriēlka. Warnarièża (Warnalièża). Petasites. Gaertn. A lizard. S. Pestilenzwurzel Pr 258, as it appears, L. Ivinskis gave the same names in Prigimtūmena. The plant's name varnalėža he took from the Zemgalių dialect, cf. varnalėža 1. P, S. Dauk, LBŽ see varnalēša: DūnŽ, J. 3. P bot. „platilapapis šaukštis (Petasites officinalis)“ (LKŽe), but this word he, like Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėža, used not in Latin. Arctium, and Petasites to name. According to J. I. Kraszewski's Polish equivalent (Łopuch), it can be concluded that the latter provided the Latin. The Lithuanian name Arctium. The word varnarėža is not recorded in the LKŽ, it may be a derivative of L. Ivinski himself. In this case, L. Ivinskis changed the name used by the Altai to Žemaičiai. According to O. Kažukauskaitė, “<...> in J. Kraševskis’ book most of the examples of Lithuanian words are high-latenic, because they are the same words from K. Bogušo study, taken from K. Sirvydo dictionary, as well as other words from K. Sirvydo dictionary” (Kažukauskaitė 2012: 171); Rellis. p Eagle. Eagle NPS; plg. Eagle, Errelis Kr 278; Eagle, -rła. m. Ārłas, -a. w. Erēlis, -ia. w. Birds: Aquila. IŽ 252 (1005); "Krajwasnukis, Krajwas paukšztis p Krejwāsnapis". Krzywonos, krzywobiób NPS, plg. Krzywonos, Krajwasnukis, lub Krajwaspauksztis Kr 278, Synonym given by L. Ivinski in the Lithuanian language dictionary, 5 Synonym or variant given by L. Ivinski that is not in the list of J. I. Kraševski, diluted by the author of the article. 6 The first digit indicates the page of the published Polish–Lithuanian dictionary by Laurynas Ivinskis, and the digit in parentheses indicates the page of the manuscript. The Polish equivalent is not written. 8 L. Ivinskis did not provide the Polish equivalent, but wrote the Latin name of the plant. 9 L. Ivinskis’s greatest natural science work is a two-part scientific work “Prigimtùmené turenti sawieje dalijkus źemies, żoliun and giwunun with showimu anun wartojimo”, written about 1870. In the first part, “Žemėmina”, a description of various mineralogical subjects is presented, and in the second part, “Žolėmina”, a systematic nomenclature of fungi and plants is presented, which includes Lithuanian names of 218 families and over 2520 genera. The manuscript is kept in the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow, and the draft version of the first part and its Lithuanian, Latin, Polish and German equivalents are in the LLTI BR (see Jankevičius, Jankevičienė 1962: 151–163; Auksoriūtė 1998: 102–110). 166 Albina Auksoriūtė | Manuscript by Laurynas Ivinskis | nomenklatūrinių pavadinimų sąrašėlis but not from dialects, but from the Lithuanian written language dictionary (1932–1968), cf. kreivasnapis 2. NDŽ „kumpasnapis skujokas (Loxia curvirostra)“ (LKŽe), so it was probably presented by L. Ivinskis following the Polish equivalents; Canine. Pestis. p Peslis. NPS, plg. 277; Kania, Pestis Kr 277; Kania, -i. f. Sùpis, klièkis, -ia. w. pāukšztis. 103 (407). The Polish-Lithuanian dictionary gives two synonyms: the first sūpis is a Žemaičių name, and the second kliekis dvibalsis ie is a hypernormalism, such cases are also found in his other works. It should be noted that klykis and peslys are used synonymously in dialects and in various ancient sources, cf. klykis 1. "The West Wing (1999)". boxofficemojo.com. "West Wing (1999)". boxofficemojo.com. Sut, Kos123, Als, Ms, Slnt zool. ‘brown-tailed woodpecker (Milvus milvus)’ (LKŽe); suopis 1. D. Pošk, I, J; Kos34, E, Rtr, BŽ500, DŽ, NdŽ, KŽ, LTR(Al), Knt "bird of the Buteo family", 2. Kos123, K. Būg, Jrb, Kv, J. Jabl, Š, NdŽ ‘peslys (Milvus)’ (LKŽe); Pilé v, Pielé. Duck NPS, plg. Kaczka, Untis (z niem.) lepiéj Pyle Kr 277, Kaczka, -i. f Àntis, -ties. m. IŽ 101 (399), in the variant presented by NPS pielė bivowel ie is a hypernormalism, also cf. pylė Als, Ms, Vn, KlvrŽ, Ggr, Yl, palė (1) [K], NdŽ, pylėė (4), MŽ155, J, Žlb „antis“ (LKŽe), the latter word is typical of the Žemaičių dialect, and the name of this bird used in the Vysočiny dialect untis L. Ivinskis did not record in his manuscript; Squirrel, squirrel. Wyturis, wyturelis p Wiwirsis, wituris. Cirullis p Cirulis. NPS, plg. Skowronek, Wiewersis, Wiewerselis, Wyturis, wyturelis (singer) Cirullis; favorite bird of Lithuanian songs Kr 278; Źiłé p Źelé. Sikora NPS, plg. Sikora, Żiłe Kr 278; in the bird name given by L. Iviński, the diphthong ie is a hypernormalism. The NPS does not use the abbreviation p for other synonyms and variants given by L. Ivinskis, most of them he took from his Žemaičių dialektas, e.g. : Wet. Comoros. NPS, pg. Komor, Udas Kr 276; Komór, -ra. m. Wàrmas, -ma; kǔjsis, -sia. w. IŽ 114 (451), the given synonym kuisis, as well as the dictionary given varmas are the names of uod used by the Žemaites, cf. Shirśuo. "NPS, plg. Osa, Szirśuo Kr 276; Osa, -sy. f. wābalās: Wàpsa, -ōs. m (Vespa) IŽ 253 (1006), wasp ‘vapsva (Vespa vulgaris)’ DūnŽ; kuisis „uodas, mašalas“ DūnŽ ir varmas „uodas“ DūnŽ; Drebulé. Apuśzis. Osina NPS, plg. 282; Osina, Drebule Kr 282; Osina, -ny. f. month: Àpŭśzis, iēs. m. (Populus Tremula) IŽ 254 (1012), for the poplar, see poplar tree DūnŽ, poplar tree ‘drebulė (Populus Tremula)’ DūnŽ; 167Terminologija | 2013 | 20 Putin. Dust. Kalina NPS, plg. Kalina, Putinas Kr 280; Kalina, -y. f. Pǔtelis, -ia. w. krùmas. (Viburnum Opulus.) IŽ 102 (403), putelis „putinas (Viburnum)“ DūnŽ; Giałeźis. Gelaz. Gelz. Iron NPS, plg. 283 pp. (in German). "Iron Man". In addition to the discussed nomenclatural names, one can mention the name of another bird – Pāuksztwanāgis. NPS Ball, plg. Krogulec, Wanagas Kr 278, Krogulec, -ca. w. Pāuksztwanāgis, -ia. w. IŽ 121 (477), birdwatcher sm. (1) J, I, Brs, Kv zool. "a hawk that catches birds (Accipiter nisus)": Lkv, Brž, Žlb, Mžk (LKŽe). L. Ivinskis in both of his manuscripts in Polish. Krogulec provided the Lithuanian equivalent only for paukštvanagis, and J. I. Kraševskis presented vanagas probably from the dictionary of K. Sirvydas, in which vanagas is also presented as the Lithuanian equivalent for krogulec, cf. 152 (1964), pp. 152–154, and at the jastrząb, cf. SŽ 116 (46). As can be seen from the LKŽ data, the word paukštvanagis is practically presented from the Žemaičių dialekto area, and the authors of the writings are only two: L. Ivinskis and Antanas Juška. Six synonyms attributed by L. Ivinski are used in a wider area than the Žemaičių dialect: Grease. Christ. Grizielie NPS, plg. 277, 278, 279, 280; 1. J. Jabl, Kv, Tlž see slice 1 (LKŽe); Turkle, Turklelis, purplelis, Sinogarlica NPS, plg. 278 pp. ; ill. by M. S. Purcell. (2) K; SD337, N, E zool. „Streptopelia“: T. Ivan, SGII74, Ev (LKŽe); - Lazda. - Lazda. Hazelnut. NPS, plg. Leszczyna, Łazda Kr 281; Leszczyna, -ny. f. Łazd‘ìnas, rieszǔtiènas, -na. w. Hazelnut: (Corylus avellana.) IŽ 133 (526); hazel SD132, R269, K, Grdm bot. ‘a shrub or tree on which nuts (Corylus avellana) grow’ J, Lb, Rm, Užv, Slnt, KlpD108, Ds, Yl, Msn (LKŽe); Actuarial. Jarka wheat. Atuorićzé. v. Wasarojas NPS, pg. Jarka wheat, Atuorieciej Kr 280; Jarka wheat; wasabi flower IŽ 94 (374); Ropinas. Ropé. rapeseed NPS, plg. 282; Rzepa, -py. f. Ròpé, -pies. m. Żoliē darżowìné. Brassica rapa. IŽ 520 (2048); Dilginé. Dilgé. Urtica NPS10, plg. Nettle, Dilgine Kr 281; Nettle, -wy. f. Nōtrielé, nōtnieré, dìlgé, -es. m. IŽ 298 (1187), nettle Ds, see nettle: Trgn, Ut, Zt, JV641 (LKŽe). As LKŽ data shows, the synonym nettle is used only in the Altai dialect, so L. Ivinskis in this case provided 10 Latin name of the plant. 168 Albina Auksoriūtė | Rankraštinis Lauryno Ivinskio | nomenklatūrinių pavadinimų sąrašėlis names used in non-Žemaičių dialect, which were added to the Polish-Lithuanian dictionary. Separately discussed are the synonyms presented in NPS, which are most likely composed by L. Ivinskis himself: Beaver. v Neriešis NPS, plg. 275; Bebr, Bebrus Kr 275; Bobr, -ra, m. Bābras, nēris, -ra, -ria. w. IŽ 19 (74), LKŽ data show that the word neris is from the writings of L. Ivinskis, cf. nerìs, -ias (nario; Kos3911) sm. (4) NdŽ zool. „beaver (Castor fiber)“: Nerio strajus I (LKŽe), so it is possible to assume that this animal’s name is a novelty of L. Ivinskis; Warnenas. Kos. Tràkszlīs NPS, plg. 1978. pp. 278. "About Us". w. pāukšztis IŽ 118 (465). The Lithuanian name trakšlys presented in both manuscripts of L. Ivinskis is probably L. Ivinskis’s re-creation, cf. trakšlys BŽ129, NdŽ, BII77; I, Kos32(Jms12), FrnW zool. „black strawbird (Turdus merula)“ (LKŽe); Ice dust. NPS Kasamoje salt, plg. Kamienna sól, Ledinne Druska Kr 282, the compound term presented by L. Iviński is probably his own. L. Ivinskis entered the names of two fishes and one tree, which are not in J. I. Kraševskis’ list: Wijunas. Lampred NPS, plg. A. M. Wijūnas, -na. w. jeszkok: Minóg IŽ 130 (513), Minog, -a, -u. m. Wijunas, -a. w. żǔwis: IŽ 148 (588); Plēkszné. Fladia13 NPS; Jeggles. Larch NPS, plg. Larch, -wiu. m. Jēglǔs, -glaus. w. moon. (Larix europaea.) IŽ 150 (597). For a little less than a third of the nomenclatural names transcribed from J. I. Kraševskij’s list, L. Ivinskis provided variants, correcting or clarifying J. I. Kraševskij’s words, e.g. : Taurus v. Taurus. NPS Bull, plg. Wół, Jauczias Kr 275; Żabinkśztis. v. Żebenkśztis. Gronostoj. NPS, plg. Łasica, Żabinkśztis Kr 275; Łasica, -y. f. Ziàbēnkśztis, -ties. Place of origin: Mustela IŽ 130 (515); Sabalus. Kr. NPS, plg. Sobol, Sabalus Kr 276; 11 See. O. Kažukauskaitė’s article about A. Kašarauskas’s collection and extracts from L. Ivinskis’s dictionary (Kažukauskaitė 2003: 19–31). 12 O. Kažukauskaitė has found that this abbreviation is inaccurate – the dictionary of L. Ivinskis is quoted instead of that of Jumskis (Kažukauskaitė 2003: 19–31). 13 Mr Iwinski provided the Latin, not the Polish, equivalent. 169Terminologija | 2013 | 20 Siernas v Szernas. NPS, plg. Wieprz dziki, Siernas Kr 276; Dzik, -a. m. Sziàrna, -as. m. IŽ 64 (254); Garnys. Czapla. Garnis NPS, plg. Czapla, Garnys? 277; Czapla, -li, f. Gārnis, -nia. w. (Ardea) IŽ 36 (143); Pimpe. Five. Czajka NPS, plg. Czajka, Pimpe Kr 277; Czajka, -i. f. Pèmpé (Vanella) IŽ 36 (143); Asietras. Aśietras. Jesiotr. NPS, plg. Jesiotr, Asietras Kr 279; Jesiotr, a. m. Aśziētras, -ra. w. żŭwis. Accipenser IŽ 97 (384); Liepinis. Lipinis. July. NPS, plg. Lipień, Lipinis Kr 279; Wegiełe. Wiegielie NPS, plg. Mientus, Wegiełe Kr 279; Miętuz, -za. m. Wiègieliē, -es; kwāpé, -es. m. żŭwis: Lota fluviatilis. (Gadus Lota) IŽ 147 (584); It's so sweet. Czesnaks NPS, plg. Garlic, Ciesnakas Kr 280; Czosnak, czosnek, -snka. m. Bładustas, bładustas, -a. Cziasnākas, -ka. w. (Allium sativum). IŽ 39 (153); - Yeah. - Yeah. - It's stupid. fijolek NPS, plg. Viola, violet Kr 280; Klawas. Callas. clone NPS, plg. 280; Klon, Klawas Kr 280; Klon, -nu. m. Klēwas, -a, klawas. w. (honey) Acer. 111 (439), pg. SŽ 137 (56) claws; Leather Usnis oset NPS, plg. Oset, Usne Kr 281; Oset, -stu. m. Usnis, -niēs. M. żolie: (Carduus). IŽ 253 (1007); Sera. Sierra. Sulphur NPS, plg. 282, pp. 282. Gas. steel NPS, plg. Stal, Pleas Kr 282; steel SŽ 371 (174); Well. Heirs. copper. NPS, plg. Copper, Waras Kr 282; Copper, -zi. f. Wàŕīs, -ria. w. IŽ 146 (578). When comparing the NPS and J. I. Krashevskis’ list, it can be observed that L. Ivinskis did not provide alternatives for several names, but simply corrected them, realizing that J. I. Krashevskis had spelled them incorrectly, e.g. : Szimtakojis. NPS, plg. Stonóg, Szimtakoje Kr 277; Utie, utielie. Wesz NPS, plg. Wesz, Utie, Utele Kr 277; Kerszulis. NPS, plg. Grzywacz, Kierszulis Kr 277; Grzywacz, -a. m. Miszkìnis bałāndis, – karwēlis IŽ 88 (349); She laughed. Słowik NPS, plg. Słowik, Łaksztyngała Kr 278; Rudoklé. Rydź NPS, plg. Rydz, Ruduokje Kr 282; Rydź, -ia. m. Rǔdmējsé, rudōké, -ies. m. buckwheat. Agaricus deliciosus. IŽ 512 (2025). Having analyzed the nomenclatural names of L. Ivinskis’ manuscript, it can be observed that L. Ivinskis not only carefully read J. I. Kraševskis’ book and transcribed the Lithuanian words provided therein, but also, apparently, thought about the