Kazimiero Gaivenio medicinos terminų taisymai

228 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė | Correction of Kazimieras Gaivenis' medical terms Correction of medical terms by Kazimieras Gaivenis Kazimiero Gaivenio 80th anniversary of birth PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ “<...> a considerable book would not be enough to investigate and describe his footprints in our linguistics and language practice, especially in terminology.” On January 18, 2018, the famous Lithuanian linguist and terminologus Kazimieras Gaivenis (1934–2003) would have turned 80 years old. Over 40 years of tireless and fruitful work in language and terminology bars, K. Gaivenis published over 400 articles on language science and practice and terminology in Lithuanian linguistics, individual fields of science and general periodicals. Many articles were written on the regularity, production, development and other issues of terms in chemistry, physics, mathematics, warfare, botany, zoology, radioelectronics, electrical engineering, architecture, agriculture, economics and other fields. Most of these publications have not lost their relevance with their theoretical and practical insights into terminology. And how many terms K. Gaivenis corrected or clarified, it would be difficult to count... In addition to many of the mentioned fields of science, K. Gaivenis paid at least some attention to the problems of language and terminology in medical science. In his own words, he treated the sick, sick words of doctors. It is true that this written legacy is not abundant – four printed and seven manuscript works. Four articles have been published in periodicals – the article “Inappropriate term” (1981) published in the Soviet Teacher, two articles – “Invalid words of doctors” (1987) and “Healthy and sick words of doctors” (1990) – published in the sections “Language culture” and “Mother tongue” of the Ministry of Health and one article – “Terminology in the medical literature” (1990) – published in the sections “Medical literature” and “Medical literature” of the Ministry of Health. As already mentioned, K. Gaivenis has reviewed seven medical works, and he is a member of the Lithuanian Medical Association. Reviews3 are not long – from two to four pages of the manuscript. Their 229Terminologija | 2014 | 21 answer to the question “Is the correct expression used by doctors “full recovery” (full recovery)?” (1991) in the journal of mother tongue “Klausimų kraitelė”. Separately mentioned are the reviews of medical works1 written in 1998–2000 on behalf of the State Lithuanian Language Commission (hereinafter – VLKK). K. Gaivenis wrote seven works in three years (Česnys G. et al. Nomina anatomica (1998), Baltrušaitis K. et al. Dictionary of Cytology, Histology and Embryology Terms (1999), Jonutienė G. Dictionary of German-Lithuanian Medical Terms (1999), Stropus P. et al. Human Anatomy Terms (1999), Gedrimas V. et al. Anatomy Dictionary (2000), Lapytė A. et al. Encyclopedia of Psychiatry Terms (2000) and Vitkus A. et al. Medical histology and embryology dictionary (2000)2. According to the bibliographical index of K. Gaivenis, in 2001 he wrote the standard "LST Ophthalmological optics. Eyeglass lenses. Terms and definitions“ review, but unfortunately, its manuscript could not be found in the VLKK. titles are different, but most often the author used the terms of review about A. Lapytė, V. Mačiulis and J. Šurkas’ “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychiatric Terms”, “Review of G. Jonutiene’s “Teaching German-Lithuanian Medical Terms Dictionary”. It should be noted that not all the works reviewed by K. Gaivenis are dictionaries of terms – there is one set of terms (Nomina anatomica), two nomenclatures (Anatomy nomenclature, Medical histology and embryology nomenclature), and one of them – terms (Terms of Human Anatomy). The article therefore uses the term work. ną: „Atsiliepimas apie „Anatomijos vardyną4“ (žr. 1 pav.), „Atsiliepimas 2 I sincerely thank Dr. Vilija Ragaišiene, Head of the Programs Department of the State Lithuanian Language Commission, for providing copies of the manuscripts of seven reviews by K. Gaivenis and three scanned reviews, the first pages of which are presented in this article (see figures 1, 2 and 3). 3 Although K. Gaivenis referred to the works in question with different terms (review, remarks, review), the author of this article, for the sake of uniformity, refers to them all with one name – reviews. 4 K. Gaivenis corrected the subheading of the nomenclature Tarptautinė anatomijos terminologija. In his words, terminology is the science of terms, and terminology is the set of terms, so the subtitle of this dictionary would be more appropriately called International Terminology of Anatomy. 230 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė | Correction of Kazimieras Gaivenis' medical terms Figure 1. The first page of the manuscript of K. Gaivenis' review "Review of the "Anatomy Dictionary" 231Terminologija | 2014 | 21 time: “Review of the collection of terms “Nomina anatomica”, as well as the term of the notes: “Notes on the terms of the “Anatomy dictionary”. Two papers are simply entitled "Correctable medical histology and embryology terms" and "Medical histology and embryology terms". Furthermore, the article discusses how K. Gaivenis provides corrections of terms, and finally, which medical terms he corrects and what substitutes are proposed for use. SUBMISSION OF DATE CORRECTIONS K. Gaivenis' reviews are very laconic – they have almost no text, they are written, usually in columns, correctable or doubtful terms, e.g.: amino acids5 (=amino acids) MHET 1999, periventricular (=?) borderline glial membrane MHET 1999, endometrium (=endometrium) crypt MHET 1999, feeding through (=pro) probe VLMTŽ 1999, nucleic acids (=nucleic acids) MHET 1999, postpartum period (=period after birth) VLMTŽ 1999, testicles (=testicles) NA 1998, monosegmental (=monosegmental) muscles MHET 1999, ampulla – ampulla MHET 1999, ampoule of the seminal canal (=navel?) MHET cartilago cordis – heart cartilage (=?) MHET 1999, oppositio – opposition AV 2000, os cordis – heart bone (=?) MHET 1999, preplacenta – preplacental (=preplacental) MHET 1999, tela subpericardialis (subseroza) – postpericardial membrane (=lower heart membrane?) MHET trabecula – beam (=?) – blood and lymph production organ MHET 1999, tubulo-alveolus – tubular vesicle =? MHET 2000. K. Gaivenis presented corrections of terms in the traditional way, i.e. next to the correctible term in parentheses after the 1999, equal sign he writes the proposed regular term (see Figure 2), e.g.: chirurginis (=chirurgo) tweecetas VLMTŽ 1999, chirurginis (=chirurgo) peilis VLMTŽ 1999, 5 Terms are presented in alphabetical order – first Lithuanian, then Latin corrected terms. At the end of the term, the abbreviation of the source (review) and the year in Arabic digits are indicated. 1999, 232 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė | Correction of Kazimieras Gaivenis' medical terms Figure 2. Page 1 of the manuscript of K. Gaivenis’ review “Correctable Terms of Medical Histology and Embryology” 233Terminology | 2014 | 21 cytoplasmic organelles (=organelles) and insertions MHET 2000, biheaded (=biheaded) canal NA 1998, blood flow through (=pro) the mouth VLMTŽ 1999, baby's prepositional (=resistance) muscle AT 1999, release of fluid through (=pro) the blood vessels of the organ VLMTŽ 1999, postpartum pain (=pain after birth) VLMTŽ 1999, pakinklinė (=pakinklio) duobė VLMTŽ 1999, preamnion (=preamnion) MHET 1999, bladder-emptying (=emptying) muscle AT 1999, ribonucleic acid (=ribonucleic acid) VLMTŽ 1999, pointedness (=pointedness) MHET 2000, tail branches of the tailed nucleus AT 1999, colon descendens – descending bowel AT conus elasticus – elastic cone AT 1999, ciliated epithelium MHET microtubulus – microtubule MHET 2000; after the proposed correction also added: cf. anat. ductus (bile, sweat), and in cytology cells – tubes =?, otum fertilissatum – fertilized egg (=egg) MHET 2000, parenchyma – tissue performing an organ-specific function, 1999, parenchyma 2000, (=parenchyma) MHET 2000, placenta bidiscoidea – bi-disc placenta MHET 2000, primordia palatina et ligula – the tip of the palate and the mouth MHET 2000, stria vascularis – the vascular stretch MHET 2000, stroma – the tissue that supports the organ, stroma (=stroma) MHET 2000, tractus rubrospinalis – red nucleus spinal cord AV 2000, type anovulatory – beovulation type MHET 2000. K. Gaivenis wrote a question mark several times next to his proposed term, apparently he was not sure about it, e.g. : 234 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė | Kazimieras Gaivenis’ corrections to medical terms corpus multivesciculare – multivescicular body MHET ovoviviparitas – 2000, ovoviviparity MHET 2000, spatium subpiale – space in the submucosal layer MHET 2000. Often he writes down terms that need to be corrected, but no suggestions are given on how to correct them – in parentheses (or without them) after the equal sign again a question mark is written, e.g.: krūtinkaulio rankena (=?) NA 1998, stomatologijos mokslų daktaras (=?) VLMTŽ 1999, cisterna terminalis – galinė cisterna =? MHET 2000, corpus multitubulare – multi-tubular body =? MHET 2000, glandula tubulosa – tubular gland =? MHET 2000, myotubus – muscular tube =? MHET 2000, pars supra-occipitalis – part of the (=?) metatarsal bone MHET 2000, pars-suprastriata hemispherii – upper striated (=?) hemisphere MHET perforatorium – piercer =? A man? Not a suitable suffix! Puncher 2000, MHET 1999, satelles – satellite (general cell terms) =? MHET 2000, sapatium subpiale – pošvelniojo (=?) dangalo tarpas MHET 1999, tubulo-acinus – tubular column =? MHET 2000, vagina masculinus – prostatic uterus =? MHET 2000, vagina pericapillaris macrophagiosa – around the capillary macrophagous vagina =? MHET 2000. There are cases where only the terms of the reviewed source are given, but no corrections or comments are written next to them, e.g.: bilateral NA 1998, abortion ejection, abortion (2 meanings) MHET 2000, cisterna – cistern MHET 2000, cisterna nucleolemmae – nuclear shell cistern MHET 2000, cor triloculare – three-chambered heart MHET 1999, perforator – perforator (sperm particle) =? A character! MHET retriculus prostatians – the uterus of the prostate gland (part of the male urethra) MHET tubulus renalis – the renal tube MHET 2000. 2000, 2000, 235Terminology | 2014 | 21 TYPES OF DATE CORRECTIONS Based on the manuscripts of K. Gaivenis’ seven reviews, the following types of terminological corrections could be distinguished: 1. Time limits for irregularity Adjectives of difficult work are abundant. In the reviews of the collection of terms Nomina anatomica (mostly) and the Anatomijos žodynas, K. Gaivenis listed such adjectives, but did not suggest how to correct them, apparently each of them should be corrected individually, e.g.: pafascinis NA 1998, paleidduodenal NA 1998, paiksternolinis NA 1998, paleimakštinis NA 1998, paleipūslinis NA 1998, paliežuoskeletinis NA 1998, prieedduodenal NA 1998, priešjungtinis NA 1998, prieškryžmeninis NA 1998, priešplokštelinis NA 1998, raudonnuklearinis NA 1998, užaklašarnis NA 1998, uždodendrinis NA 1998, jungiamasis NA 1998, užplokštelinis NA 1998, vidusplokštelinis NA 1998, intraartikulinis NA 1998, virškrūtinplėvinis NA 1998, viršskridininis NA 1998, fascia extraperitonealis – supraperitoneal fascia (see also supraperitoneal ligament) AV 2000, fibrae pretectoolivares – fibers of the pre-quarterback oil AV 2000, nucleus suprageniculatus – supraquarterback nucleus AV 2000. In the review of the dictionary of terms of cytology, histology and embryology, he made suggestions for correcting spoken adjectives, e.g.: multisegment (=multisegment) muscle MHET 1999, biventricular (=two-ventricular) MHET 1999, intra-embryonal celoma – celoma intra-embryonicum (=intra-embryonal) MHET 1999, 236 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė | Kazimieras Gaivenis medical terminology corrections intraepithelial gland (=intraepithelial gland) MHET 1999, intracellular tubule (=intracellular tubule) MHET 1999, intravertebral myocytis (=intravertebral myocytis) MHET 1999, single / double / multi-germ pregnancy (=single germ, etc.) MHET 1999, cartilago epihyalis – suprapolyepithelial bone cartilage (=superior cartilage of the polyepithelial bone) MHET 1999, cor biatriale – biventricular (=two atrial) MHET 1999, defectus septi atrialis – defect of the interventricular septum (=defect of the atrial septum) MHET 1999, musculus multipenatus – semi-feathered (=semi-feathered) muscle AV 2000, musculus semipennatus, m. unipennatus – multipennate muscle AV 2000, sulans interatrialis – interatrial canal MHET 1999, but foramen (interatriale) primum MHET 1999, foramen (interatriale) secundum MHET 1999. As can be seen from the examples given, the correction of adjectives of the difficult form is not uniform – either (most often) they are replaced by word combinations, or the suffix -inis is removed, or the Lithuanian accent is replaced by its Latin equivalent. Another large group of terms corrected by K. Gaivenis are adjectives made from compound nouns with prepositions. In this case, again, two terms were used – in the reviews of some works the correct terms were presented next to each other, while others were not presented, e.g.: non-vascular intermediate area – interzona avascularis (=intermediate area without blood vessels) MHET 1999, parathoracic nodes AT 1999, subtemporal nodes AT 1999, postpartum MHET 1999, PTZ 2000 – an irregular adjective, see: postpartum neurosis (=neurosis after childbirth) PTZ 2000, postpartum psychosis (= psychosis after childbirth) PTZ 2000, postpartum defectiveness (=defectiveness after childbirth) MHET 1999, postpartum period (=period after childbirth) MHET 1999, precardioplegic nodes AT 1999, prequadratic nucleus AT 1999, interpalmar veins AT 1999, 243Terminology | 2014 | 21 reactive – physiological or pathological mental alterations (reactions) caused by traumatic factors (bad!), recurrent – remaining symptoms of the disease (bad!). The reviewer has also drawn attention to the adjectives neurotic, neurotic, palliative, primordial, protracheal, psychogenic, timoplastic, etc. Other similar adjectives, in his opinion, are translatable, e.g. primordial 2000 pp.. According to K. Gaivenis, this use of the word “observe” is not recognized by linguists: pre-stroke state is observed in patients with hypertensive disease and cerebral atherosclerosis PTŽ 2000. 9. Terminological shortcomings Of this type of corrections K. Gaivenis mentions the errors in the presentation of generic and synonymous terms in the Psychiatry Terms Encyclopedia and the usage of the normative reference see. He notes that in the dictionary the species terms in the nests are often not listed alphabetically. Untidy synonyms presentation, e.g.: abstinent, blaivininkas PTŽ 2000, and the latter Lithuanian word is not presented separately; aphasia, failure of PTŽ 2000 – the latter term separately is also not present (see Figure 3). It is also often used with international synonyms, e.g. allogism, sin. alogija PTŽ 2000, and the latter word is not given separately. In other cases, synonyms of terms are also given separately. In addition, synonyms are listed at the beginning of the nest in some cases and at the end in others. In the dictionary, the normative reference is often used, see, but the indicative term is not always given, for example: bloody sweat is written see hemathidrosis PTŽ 2000, but there is only hematidrosis PTŽ 2000 and hemidrosis PTŽ 2000, symptom of eyelid tremor is written see. Zilberlast and Zand phenomenon PTZ 2000, and in the dictionary there is only Zilberlast and Zand symptom PTZ 2000, no phenomenon. The word incest PTZ 2000 redirects to the word incest PTZ 2000. It is difficult to agree with this, wrote K. Gaivenis. 244 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė | Correction of Kazimieras Gaivenis' medical terms Figure 3. Page 1 of the manuscript of K. Gaivenis’ review “Commentary on A. Lapytė, V. Mačiulis and J. Šurkas’ “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychiatric Terms” 245Terminologija | 2014 | 21 10. Language errors „Atsiliepime apie „Anatomijos vardyną“ K. Gaivenis pastebėjo, kad The anatomy dictionary does not use capital letters according to the rules, and uses the language-deprecated construction "to communicate" (e.g., to avoid confusion, to adapt to AV 2000). In addition, on several pages of the dictionary, the terms are not used, but used in AV 2000, there are incorrectly used localizations (e.g., as a result of pathological processes AV 2000). In correcting the shortcomings of medical terms, K. Gaivenis was consistent. In reading the manuscripts of the reviews, only a couple of cases were noticed, where the same terms were corrected differently in different reviews, e.g.: female (=female) genitals MHET 1999, male (=male) genitals MHET 1999, cf. external female (=female) genitals NA 1998, contralateral (=antilateral) thumb muscle of the hand NA 1998, cf. contralateral (=antilateral) thumb muscle of the hand AT 1999. In summary, it can be said that K. Gaivenis corrected in his reviews the language norms not complying, irregular (especially the adjectives of the difficult grade of construction characteristic of medical terminology), inaccurate, varying medical terms, as well as spelling and pronunciation errors and definitions of terms. Furthermore, the authors of the peer-reviewed medical works were drawn to the attention of terminographic defects (presentation of generic and synonymous terms, use of normative references see) and language errors. Therefore, it is undoubted that K. Gaivenis had an influence on the terminology management and standardization of the field of medical science. He looked at the field of medicine as responsibly and demanding as he did at other fields. Medical terms were standardized based on the principles of regularity, clarity, purity, Lithuanianness, accuracy, creative convenience, etc. From what has been said, it can be said that K. Gaivenis undoubtedly contributed to the creation, organization and improvement of the current Lithuanian medical terminology. ŠALTiniAi AT 1999: Gaivenis K. [recenzija] Stropus P. ir kt. Žmogaus anatomijos terminai. AV 2000: Gaivenis K. [recenzija] Gedrimas V. ir kt. Anatomijos vardynas. MHET 1999: Gaivenis K. [recenzija] Baltrušaitis K. ir kt. Citologijos, histologijos ir embriologijos terminų žodynas. MHET 2000: Gaivenis K. [recenzija] Vitkus A. ir kt. Medicininės histologijos ir embriologijos vardynas. NA 1998: Gaivenis K. [recenzija] Česnys G. ir kt. Terminų rinkinys „Nomina anatomica“. PTŽ 2000: Gaivenis K. [recenzija] Lapytė A. ir kt. Psichiatrijos terminų enciklopedinis žodynas. VLMTŽ 1999: Gaivenis K. [recenzija] Jonutienė G. Vokiečių–lietuvių kalbų medicinos terminų žodynas. 246 Palmira Zemlevičiūtė | Kazimiero Gaivenio medicinos terminų taisymai LiTerATūrA Gaivenis K. 1981: Netikęs terminas: [dėl terminų kurtumas, kurčnebylis, prikurtimas, neprigirdėjimas, kurčnebylystė, neprigirdintis ir kt.]. – Tarybinis mokytojas, gruod. 30, 4. Gaivenis K. 1987: Negaluojantys medikų žodžiai: [apie kalbos kultūrą]. – Sveikatos apsauga 8, 43–44. Gaivenis K. 1990: Sveiki ir liguisti medikų žodžiai: [apie medikų kalbą]. – Sveikatos apsauga 6, 41–42. Gaivenis K. 1991: Ar taisyklingas gydytojų dažnai vartojamas pasakymas pilnas pasveikimas (pilnai pasveiko)? – Gimtoji kalba 7, 17. Kazimieras Gaivenis. Bibliografijos rodyklė. Sudarė A. Noreikaitė, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos instituto leidykla, 2003. – 68 p. Keinys St. 2004: Žiupsnis minčių apie Kazimierą Gaivenį ir jo metą. – Terminologijos istorijos ir dabarties problemos. Straipsnių rinkinys Kazimierui Gaiveniui atminti, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos instituto leidykla. Retrieved 2014-12-08. Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Institute of Lithuanian Language P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail [email protected]