„Tvarumas“, „darnumas“, „tausumas“ ir kiti angl. „sustainability“ atitikmenys Europos Sąjungos institucijų dokumentuose

110 Robertas Stunžinas Sustainability, harmony, sustainability and other English sustainability equivalents in documents of the      Sąjungosinstitucijųdokumentuose European Union institutions ROBERTAS S TUNŽINAS Institute of Lithuanian Language KEY WORDS: terms, documents of the European Union institutions, sustainable development, sustainability, harmony, harmony, environmental protection In 1992, at the World Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the consensus was legitimized as the main long-term – economic, social development and environmental protection. This ideology is understood as development of society. Sustainable development is an ideology based on three components a compromise of economic, social and environmental protection goals, creating opportunities to achieve universal well-being for present and future generations, without exceeding the permissible limits of environmental impact (for more information see the Decision of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania on the approval and implementation of the national strategy for sustainable development, Valstybės žinios, 2003). The terms sustainability, coherence, harmony and efficiency, which denote the principles of this ideology and the characteristics of various areas of state activity, are closely related to this phenomenon (sustainable development). All these terms are equivalent to the English term sustainability. The article examines the equivalents of the English term sustainability in the documents of the European Union institutions translated into Lithuanian language in terms of expression, meaning and usage. The aim of the thesis is to determine which lexical units are used to translate the English term, what meanings are used in Lithuanian equivalents, what is their mutual relationship, what reasons could have led to the diversity of equivalents. In the documents of the eS institutions, sustainability is most often used to refer to the characteristics of various fields of activity, sectors of the economy and various subjects of a state or union of states related to the principles of sustainable development ideology. out- 111Terminologija | 2015 | 22 rinkėjus per 4501 terminų naudojimo atvejus pastebėta, kad terminai vartojami kalbant apie šiuos dalykus: valstybes, sąjungas: EU’s prosperity and sustainability – Europos Sąjungos tvarumas (52012AR2255); the sphere of activity of the State, the sector of the economy (economics, production, agriculture, transport, tourism, fisheries, education, social welfare, energy, construction), e.g. sustainability of aviation (52008DC0389), ability of pension systems (52011iP0058), sustainability of transport (52013DC0940), sustainability of production of goods and services (52010iP0299), sustainability agriculturalsustainability–žemėsūkiotvarumas(52012Ae1405), sustainof tourism (52010DC0352); processes, objects, e.g. sustainability of building works (52013DC0196), sustainability of products (52014DC0335). From the analyzed sources it is clear that the term in question is translated into several equivalents, of which the most commonly used are the nouns sustainability, harmony, harmony, sustainability. Often these equivalents are used with dependent elements and are part of compound terms, e.g.: energy production sustainability (52010iP0299), urban sustainability (52013iR7987), social sustainability (52009DC0400), biological sustainability (52013DC0085). The term is also translated by transformation of the aforementioned equivalents – by the adjectives sustainable, coherent, sustainable, e.g.: “Transparency regarding the environmental performance of products and services is important if we want to promote sustainable business activities and sustainable consumer habits [“move towards more sust ainability”2]” (52012Ae1051). In translation theory, the substitution of a language part3 is regarded as a transformation by which the semantic content of the word in the original language is transferred to the word in the translation language that belongs to another language part (see Pažūsis 2014: 365 for more details). Other, less frequently used equivalents of sustainability are synonyms of sustainability, harmony: single words with a root of another language or equivalents with other Lithuanian roots, differences in the forms of the word 1 were examined in more than 100 documents published in the eur lex document database of the eS institutions (eur-lex.europa.eu). 2 Terms and related words in English are given in parentheses. 3 Changing a sentence part leads to changing the whole sentence structure. No further changes to the sentence structure are discussed. 112 Robertas Stunžinas Sustainability, harmony, sustainability and other English sustainability equivalents European equivalents, words of similar      Sąjungosinstitucijųdokumentuose meaning or their combinations, e.g.: balance (see harmony, harmony), longevity (see sustainability). sustainable 2. ‘constant, unchangeable’; 4. „long-lasting, non-transient“ (LKŽe), durability, long use (cf. sustainability („konstants, nemainīgs“ (LKŽe)), more sustainable, ensuring sustainability, e.g.: „<...> the long-term sustainability of compulsory pension systems [„the long-term sustainability“] depends not only on demographic trends <...>“ (52010iP0190); ‘... whereas the Europe 2020 employment target of 75 % must contribute to the sustainability of pension systems...’ (52011iP0058); “Invites the Member States to make progress … towards the creation of an integrated internal market for the investment of supplementary pension funds, in order to provide savers with more opportunities and options and to enable them to maximise the return on their investments, while bearing in mind the great importance of such a system for the integration of European markets and ensuring their efficiency and liquidity, and their increasing importance for the sustainability of social security systems in the light of the ageing population of the EU” (C2006/045e/02); “The long-term objective of cooperatives is to achieve economic and social cohesion by empowering people, anticipating change and optimizing the use of resources. Their profits are not used to maximise the reward for capital, but to distribute benefits by directing it to sustainable investments” (52012ie1049); ‘Information on mandatory aspects of the legal framework currently applicable to products being shared (‘recycling, re-use, upgrading and sustainability’)’ (52013ie2788); “However, in some countries and product markets, sustainability labelling is disappearing from this segment of the market” (52010Ae0108). The terms sustainability and durability are to be regarded as constructive synonyms, i.e., derivatives of the same category of construct, having the same root and differing formants of the construct (for more on the concept of constructive synonyms see Vaskelienė, Kučinskienė 2012: 153). The equivalent of the adjective sustainable is more sustainable, e.g.: “<...> the commitment of the entire educational community to enhancing the environmental and sustainability quality of schools” [“enhance the environmental and sustainability quality of schools”] <...>” (52007AR0127). In this case, the corresponding more sustainable var- 113Terminology | 2015 | 22 The translation is related to the changed structure of the whole sentence. In such cases, grammatical synonymy of degree forms can be distinguished, when the degree forms converge in meaning and can replace each other under certain circumstances (see Pikčilingis 1969: 39 for more on such cases of synonymy). Furthermore, the English sustainability is translated by tenderer – acceptable, e.g.: ‘This had to ensure that the winner of the tender would supply ‘sustainable’ products, characterised in particular by their environmental and social sustainability’’ (62010CC0368). It can be seen that the prevailing English equivalents of sustainability sustainability, coherence, harmony and sustainability and their transformations sustainable, sustainable, sustainable more sustainable are vartojami kalbant apie tuos pačius dalykus. Pavyzdžiui, tvarumas, tvarus, often used in reference to various areas of state activity and their phenomena: politics (political communities, strategies), economy (finance, market, procurement, lending, companies), social policy (pension system), energy (energy supply, fuel), environmental policy, ecology (rural areas, fish stocks), transport (aviation), agriculture, fisheries (navy), tourism, manufacturing, construction, cities, e.g.: „<...> the main principles of the eS sustainability strategy [“eU sustainability strategy”] are the integration of economic, social and environmental issues, the intensification of social dialogue, the strengthening of social corporate responsibility, the precautionary principle and the principle ‘the polluter pays’ <...>“ (52010iP0299); “Considers that the sustainability of public finances depends essentially on the ability to increase employment in order to address demographic and budgetary challenges, with particular attention to the sustainability of pension systems” (52010iP0190); ‘... welcomes therefore the establishment by the European Union of sustainability criteria for imported agrifuels [...]’ (52010iP0445); ‘The sustainability of coastal and maritime tourism must be based on full respect for the environment, considering land and sea areas as interconnected’ (52014Ae2242); ‘The European Commission’s mid-term review of the White Paper on transport policy states that innovation will be a key driver for more sustainable (i.e. safer, more economically efficient, cleaner and even more sustainable) road transport [‘road transport with st ainability’] <...>’ (52009Ae0872). The terms coherence, harmony and sustainable are used in texts on environmental policy, economics, energy, general policy issues, social 114 Robertas Stunžinas Sustainability, cohesion, efficiency and other English equivalents of sustainability are used in European policy, tourism, transport,      Sąjungosinstitucijųdokumentuose agriculture, fisheries, cities, e.g.: “During the current economic and financial crisis it has become clear that sustainability is also a key factor for our financial systems and the economy as a whole” [“sustaina bility is also a key factor for our financial systems”] (52009DC0400); ‘This target is complemented by the mandatory sustainability criteria for biofuels included in the Renewable Energy Directive … and the Fuel Quality Directive …’ (52009DC0400); ‘In developing eS transport policies, it is essential to take into account all aspects of sus ta in ability (such as emissions, noise, land availability and biodiversity) [...]’ (52009DC0400); ‘The establishment of a Single European Transport Area would facilitate the mobility of citizens and goods, reduce costs and enhance the sustainability of European transport’ (52011DC0144); ‘The eS guidance criteria, which would be based on the European benchmark for sustainable cities, would be used to assess a town’s or city’s sustainability’ (52013iR7987). Sustainability, conservation, and sustainable are commonly used to refer to environmental policy, energy, and fisheries, e.g.: "Sustainability is vital for sound international environmental governance. Better governance should help all governments to recognise and address problems and to increase the priority given to sustainability” (52006DC0020); ‘At the same time, the Commission stresses that future use of coal must take particular account of sustainability objectives and climate change policies’ (52006DC0843); ‘The programme will focus on strengthening fisheries and maritime governance, in particular on cross-border issues and environmental measures to enhance the sustainable use of fisheries and marine resources, as well as the protection of coral reefs and coastal zone management’ (52006DC0020). The English sustainability equivalents are characterized by polysemantic and synonymous – they are used to denote the characteristics of various fields of state activity and phenomena, on the other hand, the same things are marked with more than one equivalent. This may have been due to the meaning of more than one English term, the lack of a suitable Lithuanian equivalent, the variability of related terms, the opacity of the concept referred to or the emphasis on different aspects of the subjects referred to. The definition of the term sustainability depends on the definition of the adjective sustainable: 1. “which may remain the same; maintaining ecological balance and 115Terminology | 2015 | 22 conservation of natural resources”; 2. "confirmed or proven" (ODe). durability, permanence (sustainable – 1. ‘strong, durable’; 2. Lietuviški atitikmenys žymi tik vieną kurį požymį, pvz.: tvarumas, tvarus – "constant, unchangeable"; 3. "durable, resilient"; 4. „long lasting, non-transient“ (LKŽe)), harmonija, harmony, harmonious – balance, harmony (harmonious – „harmonized, coordinated“ (DŽe)), tausumas, tausus – conservation, saving (tausus – „saving, saving, not wasting“ (LKŽe)). In addition, sustainability is related to the term sustainable development, which is equivalent to harmonious development, sustainable development. The ideology of sustainable development consists of three components – economic, social development and environmental protection. The variation of the correspondences may depend on the emphasis. In the interinstitutional eS terminology database iATe it is written that the English equivalents of sustainable development darnus vystymasis and tvarus vystymasis are different concepts: “When considering the Lithuanian equivalents of the English term „sustainable development“ it was found that in different contexts it refers to unequal concepts. Suggested Lithuanian equivalents of this term: darnus vystymas(is), tvarus vystymas(is). The pronoun ‘coherent’ is more appropriate when it is intended to emphasise that development is harmonious, sustainable – when it is a matter of lasting, continuous progress (e.g., the preamble to the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe emphasises coherent and sustainable development).’ 2. Requirements for the ATC Furthermore, it is examined what meaning has sustainability in specific areas and what Lithuanian equivalents are used. In terms of general policy matters, the meaning of the English term is close to the meaning of sustainable development – the pursuit of sustained economic growth, the reconciliation with the interests of society and the protection of the environment. The Lithuanian equivalent – darna4 is used, e.g.: „Sustainable development is a common long-term objective of eS enshrined in the Treaty. The European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development (ESSD), as revised in 2006, provides the basis for a long-term vision of sustainability in which economic growth, social cohesion and environmental protection are closely linked and mutually reinforcing. (52009DC0400). 4 Context of use may vary. This is based on the collected samples. Only those cases are analyzed where the meaning is clear from the text or explained in the eS institutions' term base. In determining the meanings, the meanings of closely related terms are also taken into account, i.e. when the same concept is referred to by an adjective and a noun, e.g. aviation sustainability – sustainable aviation. 116 Robertas Stunžinas Sustainability, coherence, efficiency and other English equivalents of sustainability In European documents dealing with transport      Sąjungosinstitucijųdokumentuose policy issues, sustainability is translated as: sustainable, more sustainable, sustainability, coherence, e.g.: „the European Commission’s White Paper on transport policy mid-term review states that innovation will be a key driver of more sustainable [“road transport sustainability”] (i.e. safer, more cost-effective, cleaner and more sustainable) road transport, especially through the application of information and communication technologies, namely intelligent transport systems (ITS)“ (52009Ae0872); ‘…sus tainability’, which is achieved by reducing greenhouse gas emissions in order to minimise climate change and pollution, as well as by complying with relevant eS environmental legislation […]’ (52010DC0212); "The forthcoming White Paper on the future of transport policy will present a range of measures to make transport even more cost-effective and reduce dependence on oil. It will include initiatives to improve the energy efficiency of the transport system, supporting clean urban mobility, multimodal transport solutions, intelligent traffic management and energy efficiency standards for all vehicles, appropriate economic signals and the promotion of sustainable behaviour’ (52010DC0639R(02)). It is clear that the English term denotes a similar content – the combination of transport systems and economic, social and environmental needs. The variation of the short-term sustainable development correspondances may have led to the diversity of the correspondances. The concept of aviation sustainability includes economic regulation of the sector, passenger safety, environmental protection. This is evidenced by the closely related term sustainable aviation, for example: ‘Comprehensive air agreements with neighbouring countries, major partners and partners with similar views should address and harmonise regulations enabling fair competition and the sustainability of the aviation industry, including essential aspects such as safety, security, environment and economic sustainability’ (52009AP0169). Sustainability is most often translated as sustainability, for example: ‘position of the European Parliament adopted at first reading on 25 March 2009 with a view to the adoption of a regulation of the European reguliavimą“ (52012Ae1250(03)). Dokumentuose apie aviaciją angl. susParliament and of the Council … to improve the performance and sustainability of the european aviation system’ (52009AP0169). Environmental protection is one of the fundamental components of the concept of sustainable development, which aims at the sustainable use of natural resources and the protection of the environment. 117Terminology | 2015 | 22 conservation. When it comes to the environment, the term sustainability refers to its preservation. eS institutional documents use Lithuanian equivalents – tausojimas, tausumas, e.g.: „Taip pat pritaria Komisijai, kad reikia taikyti integruotą požiūrį ir derinti vystymąsi ir aplinkos tausojimą [“sustainab ility of environment”] <...>“ (52011AR0086). Environmental sustainability is an approach which ensures that biological systems remain diverse and productive through responsible and active management and use by humans over time (iATe). The Lithuanian equivalent of the compound term is sustainability, e.g.: „Aplinkos tvar umas [“environmental sustainability”] is the 7th Millennium Development Goal; Environmental concerns and sustainable energy are essential for achieving many of the MDGs’ (52006DC0020). When it comes to cities, the term urban sustainability refers to the preservation of the urban environment or the harmony of its society from an economic, environmental and social point of view. In the first case, sustainability is used, in the second, sustainable, e.g.: ‘Priority objective 8: To enhance the sustainability of the Union’s cities’ <...> 91. Many cities face the same basic environmental problems, including air quality problems, high noise levels, traffic congestion, GHG emissions, biodiversity loss, water scarcity, floods and storms, loss of green space, polluted sites, abandoned industrial sites and inadequate waste and energy management. At the same time, Union cities are examples of urban sustainability, often at the forefront of innovative solutions to environmental challenges (81), including resource efficiency and green economy initiatives in the context of the Europe 2020 strategy. An increasing number of European cities are placing a high priority on environmental sustainability in their development strategies" (32013D1386); "In the light of the Rio+20 Declaration, the Committee of the Regions considers that a city is sustainable when it promotes a society that is economically, environmentally and socially sustainable, with the least impact on the environment, and which promotes new technologies, job creation, the preservation of natural and cultural heritage and social protection. It is also a city that gives the local community the opportunity to participate in decision-making. [...] the Committee of the Regions, as the eS body representing eS regions and cities and as the reference point for many local networks, must be a central element of this governance system. This will ensure that eS legislation better reflects the urban situation and needs. In addition, cities would be given 118 Robertas Stunžinas Sustainability, cohesion, economy and other sustainability equivalents European opportunity to become responsible for      Sąjungosinstitucijųdokumentuose the implementation of more sustainable urban measures [“urban sust ainability measures”]” (52013iR7987). The theme of the use and consumption of natural resources is directly related to environmental conservation, moderate consumption. The equivalents used are sustainability, conservation, sustainable, e.g.: "Fisheries and marine resources. The programme will focus on strengthening fisheries and maritime governance, in particular cross-border issues and environmental measures to enhance the sustainability use of fisheries and marine resources, as well as the protection of coral reefs and coastal zone management (52006DC0020). Sustainability is used to emphasise the long-term sustainability of natural resources, e.g.: ‘The WCPFC may take decisions, based on scientific evidence, to maintain populations of highly migratory fish (including tuna and tuna-related fish) in the Convention Area at a level that ensures the long-term sustainability of such stocks’ (52009PC0483). Environmental sustainability and the objectives of sustainability of resources are emphasised when it comes to fisheries. In such cases, the English equivalents of sustainability are used, e.g.: “... in order to promote small-scale coastal fisheries, Member States with a significant small-scale coastal fisheries segment should submit, together with their operational programmes, an action plan for the development, competitiveness and sustainability of small-scale coastal fisheries” [‘action plans for the development, competitiveness and sustainability of small-scale coastal fisheries’] [...]” (32014R0508); ‘The plans should establish a rigorous and long-term management framework that ensures the sustainability of fisheries and high and stable catches for the fisheries industry, while taking into account an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management and, to that end, reducing the negative impacts of fisheries on the environment. Harmonising agriculture with the environment uses harmony, long-term sustainability, for example: ‘The Union has initiated this transition through žvejybos veiklos poveikį jūrų ekosistemai“ (52014DC0388). long-term integrated strategies aimed at halting biodiversity loss (8), increasing resource efficiency (9) and accelerating the transition to a safe and sustainable low-carbon economy (10). Building on achievements to date, the Commission has further integrated environmental concerns and objectives into recent initiatives, including: 125Terminologija | 2015 | 22 52011DC0777 – Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Commission Work Programme 2012: Towards a European Renewal. 52011iP0058 – Towards adequate, sustainable and secure European pension systems European Parliament resolution of 16 February 2011 on adequate, sustainable and secure European pension systems. 52011PC0834R(01) – Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a programme for the competitiveness of enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises for the period 2014-2020. 52011SC1575 – Commission staff working document. Summary of the impact assessment. 52012Ae1051 – Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on promoting sustainable production and consumption patterns eS. 52012Ae1250(03) – Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the ‘Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Preparing for the future challenges of the e-EU’s external aviation policy’. 52012Ae1405 – Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on a European Innovation Partnership for Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability 52012AR2255 – Committee of the Regions opinion on ‘A stronger European industry for growth and recovery’. 52012ie1049 – Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on cooperatives and restructuring (own-initiative opinion). 52012iP0238 – Cooperation with foreign partners on energy policy issues European Parliament resolution of 12 June 2012 on cooperation with foreign partners on energy policy issues. A strategic approach to a secure, sustainable and competitive energy supply. 52013DC0085 – Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. ‘Member States’ efforts to achieve a sustainable balance between fishing capacity and fishing opportunities in 2011’. 52013DC0196 – Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council ‘Building a Single Market for Green Products. Improving the quality of information on the environmental performance of products and organisations. 52013DC0940 – Communication from the Commission ‘Building the core transport network. Core network corridors and the Connecting Europe Facility". 52013ie2788 – Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on ‘Collaborative or participatory consumption. A model of sustainability for the 21st century". 52013iR7987 – Committee of the Regions Opinion on the Seventh Framework Environment Action Programme: Focus on sustainable cities. 52014Ae2242 – Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the ‘Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: A European strategy for growth and jobs through coastal and maritime tourism’. 52014Ae2817 – Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on the ‘Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive 2007/36/EC as regards promoting long-term shareholder engagement and Directive 2013/34/EU as regards certain elements of the corporate governance statement’. 52014DC0335 – Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – A decent life for all. From vision to collective action”. 52014DC0388 – Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council – Consultation on fishing opportunities under the Common Fisheries Policy for 2015. 52014DC0400 – Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – European Semester 2014. Country-specific recommendations". 62010CC0368 – Opinion of Advocate General Kokott delivered on 15 December 2011 in the European Commission v Kingdom of the Netherlands. Failure of a State to fulfil its obligations - Directive 2004/18/EC - Procedures for the award of public works contracts, public supply contracts and public service contracts - Public procurement for the supply, installation and maintenance of hot drinks vending machines and of tea, coffee and other ingredients - Article 23(6) and (8). C2006/045e/02 – Minutes. Thursday, 28 April 2005 iATe – Multilingual European Union term database (http://iate.europa.eu). eUR-lex – database of European Union legislation and other public documents (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm). 126 Robertas Stunžinas Sustainability, harmony, sustainability and other English sustainability equivalents European      Sąjungosinstitucijųdokumentuose LITERATŪRA DŽe – Dabartinėslietuviųkalbosžodynas. 6-asis (3-iasis elektroninis) leidimas, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas. Goodland R. 2002: Sustainability: Human, Social, economic and environmental. – EncyclopediaofGlobal EnvironmentalChange, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. LKŽe – Lietuviųkalbosžodynas (i–XX, 1941–2002), elektroninis variantas, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2005. – www.lkz.lt. ODe 2010:OxfordDictionaryofEnglish. Third edition. edited by A. Stevenson, Oxford: Oxford university press. Pažūsis L. 2014: Kalbairvertimas, Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas. Pikčilingis J. 1969: Leksinėirgramatinėsinonimika, Kaunas: Šviesa. Vaskelienė J., Kučinskienė R. 2012: Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos būdvardžių darybiniai sinonimai. – Žmogus iržodis, 153–161. TVARUMAS, DARNUMAS, TAUSUMAS AND OTHER EQUIVALENTS OF THE TERM SUSTAINABILITY IN THE DOCUMENTS OF EU INSTITUTIONS Sustainabledevelopment is a long-term ideology of societal development that is based on three principles – economic development, social development and environmental protection. The term sustainability is closely related to this ideology. in this article Lithuanian equivalents of the term sustainability are analyzed according to form, meaning and usage. Analysis of more than 450 cases of the usage of the english term sustainability shows, that this term has several Lithuanian equivalents, of which the most common are the nouns tvarumas, darnumas, darna, tausumas. Often semantic content of the noun sustainability is expressed by the adjectives tvarus, darnus, tausus. Other equivalents are synonyms of the most common terms: terms which have borrowed or other Lithuanian root, derivative and gramatical synonyms, words or their combinations with similar meanings. equivalents denote any principle of the ideology of sustainabledevelopment (economic, social development and environmental protection) or the ideology itself. in most cases the entirety of principles is denoted by equivalents tvarumas, tvarus, less frequently – by darnumas, darna, darnus. The equivalent tvarumas is often used to name durability, stability. The equivalent tausumasusually denotes principles of moderate consumption or care of environment. in some cases different Lithuanian equivalents are used to name different features of the same phenomena. The abundance of Lithuanian equivalents appeared due to polysemy of the english term, absence of one common Lithuanian term covering all characteristics of the meaning, unclearness of the concept, emphasis of the different aspects of the concept, variation of equivalents of the related term sustainabledevelopment. Retrieved 2015-07-01. Robertas Stunžinas Institute of Lithuanian Language P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius e-mail rober[email protected]