Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto signataras Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija

201Terminology | 2018 | 25 Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Signatory of the Act Kazys Bizauskas and Lithuanian Literary Science Terminology ASTA MITKEVIČIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas KEY WORDS: signatory, terminology, literary science terms, terminology commission, terminology management, synonyms The setting of terms is not the responsibility of one interested person or author, but a common concern of all of us (Kazys Bizauskas, 1922, Rome)1 INTRODUCTION This year, 2018, we celebrate the centenary of the restoration of the Lithuanian state. It is symbolic that 100 years ago the first Lithuanian textbook on literary theory was published, and its author was the youngest signatory of the Act of 16 February, Kazys (Kazimieras) Bizauskas (1893–1941). Lithuanian stateman, politician, sigūd natar, minister of education, diplomat, pedagogue, publicist, literary critic, translator… This is how one can describe this versatile person. K. Bizauskas was born 125 years ago in Latvia (years of birth vary in the sources). He studied at Mintauja gymnasium (Latvia), Switzerland, Vilnius, Kaunas. He studied law at the University of Moscow from 1913 to 1915, but did not complete his studies because of the First World War. Since 1909 he has been working in the Lithuanian press. In 1915, together with others, he obtained permission to establish a Lithuanian gim1 L 4 in Panevėžys. In 1922–1923, Bizauskas was the representative of Lithuania in the Vatican. Kazys Bizauskas in 1921 LCVA, 0-011200 202 Asta Mitkevičienė Signatory of the Act of Independence of Lithuania Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija Nazi, he himself became its inspector, and also taught Lithuanian and Latin at that gymnasium. From 1915, K. Bizauskas was also a member of the Lithuanian Science Society’s Textbook Preparation Commission, which also included Augustinas Janulaitis, Petras Klimas, Antanas Smetona. 1917 m. K. BiMykolas Biržiška. Although he had not yet reached the required age of 25, Bizauskas was invited to the Lithuanian Conference in Vilnius, where he was elected a member of the Council of Lithuania. 1920–1922 – Minister of Education in the government of Kazis Grinius. His most important duty as a minister was to create a Lithuanian education system that ensured national education. About K. Bizauskas, his contemporaries, the Minister of the Interior of the same government Rapolas Skipitis wrote: "As Minister of Education, K. Bizauskas was a gifted organizer of educational affairs. He was firm in his principles, but flexible in tactics. There was never a sharper clash between K. Bizauskas and other ministers during the meetings of the Cabinet of Ministers. From this it can be concluded that K. Bizauskas was a good 352) (plačiau apie K. Bizauską, jo politinę ir visuomeninę veiklą žr. VLE psychologist and a man of good manners” (Skipitis 1961: III; Zundė 1993, 1994; Banevičius 1991: 44; Liekis 1996: 103–131, Blažytė-Baužienė 2006 and others). The first Lithuanian textbook of literary theory The first edition of K. Bizauskas’ textbook of literary theory, entitled Writing and Literature Theory (First Part), was published as a separate book in Kaunas in 1918 as Ateities leidinys No. 19 (printed by Saliamono Banaičio Press; see fig. 1)2. The speech was written in Panevėžys on June 1, 2017. The first edition of the book appeared in 1920 as a publication of the Society of St. Casimir (published in Kaunas, printed by the “Šviesos” printing house). The same preface as in the first edition is inserted at the beginning. The third, revised and supplemented edition was published in Kaunas in the second half of 1922 (printed in Berlin by Otto Elsner). The title of the textbook – Literary Theory – has also been revised. Textbook for Higher Schools3. In 1923, the last edition of the textbook appeared (released 2 Initially, the first part was printed in separate pieces in 1918 in the future (in numbers 1-6 from January to June). Such a form of teaching, of course, was not convenient. 3 The title of the first (and second) edition, Theory of Writing and Literature, was inaccurate, probably left as it was by accident, because K. Bizauskas himself considered the terms literature and literature as absolute synonyms in the first edition, cf.: “Therefore, in our opinion, those who want to see some difference between those two concepts (literature, writing) are wrong” R 3. 203Terminology | 2018 | 25 Figure 1. The first Lithuanian textbook of literary theory in Kaunas, printed in Tilžė, J. Reylenderis and son’s printing house). Nevertheless, the content of the pasakyta pratarmėje, jis tik nedaug pataisytas, o terminai palikti tie patys. last edition shows the terminological differences between action and dramatic skirtumų: trečiajame poema, ketvirtajame toje pačioje vietoje – poėma, dar atitinkamai draminė poėzija ir dramiškoji poėzija / dramiška poėzija, dramiaction, epic poetry and epic poetry, lyrical works and lyrical works, lyrical poetry and lyrical poetry, etc. These differences may have been considered terminologically insignificant by the author (if corrected by him) or may have been introduced by editors. 204 Asta Mitkevičienė Signatory of the Act of Independence of Lithuania Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija The first edition was positively evaluated by Adam Jakštas (Aleksandras Dambrauskas) (see Jakštas 1923: 373), who published and edited Ateitis himself. The second edition was reviewed by Jonas Jablonskis in 1920. He said: "The essay is very unusual: it stands out from other school textbooks in its content, language and spelling. Everything here is extraordinary, unflavoured" (Jablonskis 1933: 181). However, in the opinion of J. Jablonskis, K. Bizauskas cannot be blamed for the quality of the textbook, because “he wrote his essay when we had nothing for this purpose, having started working in his school” (Jablonskis 1933: 182). According to J. Jablonskis, when the second edition was published, the author was not even present in Lithuania4, and if K. Bizauskas had published the textbook himself, he would undoubtedly have significantly corrected it. That is what he did. The 1918 edition is smaller than the third edition (65 pp. (23 cm) and 199 pp. (17 cm) respectively). It consists of a preface, an introduction and a lecture section called “General part of literary theory”. The main part is divided into four chapters: 1) “General knowledge about works” (p. 5–13), 2) “Stylistical science” (p. 13–52), which in turn is divided into subsections – “Style and stylistic tasks”, “General forms of expression of ideas in works”, “Requirements for the style of each writer”, “Other features of style”, 3) “Versification” (p. 52–63), 4) “Middle part of works”. (p. 63–65). The third edition also contains a preface, an introduction and the General Part of Literary Theory (pp. 15–93), but the latter already has three chapters (the fourth, which was extremely short, is not mentioned). The greatest difference between the two editions in terms of content is the addition in the third edition of the second teaching part “Separate part of literary theory” (pp. 94–199), which occupies more than half (53%) of the textbook. The second part consists of two main chapters – “Theory of Prose (Prosaika)” (pp. 98–129) and “Theory of Poetry (Poetika)” (pp. 129–199). At the beginning of the second part, the concepts of prose and poetry, the characteristics of prose and poetry are discussed. The first chapter of this part, “Theory of Prose” is divided into four sub-sections: 1) tema, arba mokslas“), 4) „Oratorių veikalai (bylos)“ (smulkiau: „Papras- “Narratives”, 2) “Descriptions”, 3) “Scientific or philosophical works” (more specifically: “Reasoning” and “Sistoi įsakas” and “Moral order (teachings)”). ja“ (smulkiau: „Liaudies epas“, „Dailės epas“, „Dabarties dailės epo forThe chapter “Theory of Poetry (Poetics)” consists of three main subsections: 1) “Epic Poetry in Lithuania 1919–1920. 205Terminologija | 2018 | 25 mos“), 2) “Lyrical poetry” (more specifically: “Folk lyric”, “Literary lyric”), 3) “Dramatic poetry” (for more details on the textbook content see Girdzijauskas 2006 [1993]). The content shows the wide thematic scope of the textbook. The third edition (see Figure 2) uses about 800 different terms. The first and third editions of the textbook differ not only in volume, but also in language. Table 1 shows the interpretation of the term “metonymy” in these two editions and the correction proposed by J. Jablonskis in the aforementioned review. It should be added that the textbook in question, of course, did not arise out of nothing – “the basic concepts and conceptions had already been established or were in the process of being established in literary criticism” (Girdzijauskas 2006 [1993]: 50). It should be recalled that the first history of Lithuanian literature, Lietuviszkieji rasztai ir rasztininkai, written by Jonas Šliūpas, appeared in 1890. In 1898, Vincas Kudirka published the first Lithuanian theory of poetry for writing the lines of Truth. Many of the terms of literary theory can be found in the extensive article of Kazimieras Macius (Samogitas), published in Žinyčia (1900). Lithuanian literature textbooks published in the second decade of the 20th century or Fig. 2. Fragment of K. Bizausko textbook of literary theory (1922) 206 Asta Mitkevičienė Signatory of the Act of Independence of Lithuania Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija works comparable to them (see Bukauskienė 1993): Juozo Gabrio Paršaičio Lithuanian Literature Review (2 d., 1913, 1916), Sofijos Kymantaitės Čiurlionio lionienės Iš mūsų literatūros (1913) ir Lietuvių literatūros istorijos konspektas (1918), Mykolo Biržiškos (taip pat Nepriklausomybės Akto signataro) "Literature" (1916) 5. Until the school reform of 1936, literary theory was taught first, not history, and literary theory itself was given quite a lot of space in the interwar literature programs (Bukauskienė 1993: 104, 56). Therefore, the need for textbooks on literary theory is also obvious: in addition to K. Bizausko textbook, in the years of independent Lithuania appeared the textbooks of Motiejus Gustaitis, Jono 5 The second edition of this textbook, which appeared in 1923, i.e. already after the revised edition of K. Bizausko textbook, M. Biržiška claims in the preface that he introduced some literary theory terms with some hesitation, but that he did not argue about them. These new terms he probably considered such terms as the adverb 80 "prosopoeia", the adjective 84 and the preposition 80 "epithet", etc. Table 1. Interpretation of the term metonymy in K. Bizauskas's textbook of literary theory in 1918 and 1922. and the proposal of J. Jablonski 1918 edition Proposal by J. Jablonski (1920) 1922 edition „Metonymy is such a tropa, in which one pas, in substituted for another, in one concept is substituted another, in which one concept is substituted for another, in which one of the word; so didbetween exists between mi, we rely between cause and action, action, consequence and object and the action, the the cause and his work, the object and the subject and the author and his material vartojamos viena kitos container, the owner and „Metonymy is such a which one wordtrop, in which one concept is used in for another, in which one concept is substituted for another, in which one concept is substituted for those concepts. A tense on close relationships of relationship of concepts, action, autom. The close author and his work, for owner and the self, the the property, the material and the object made of it, Taigi tos sąvokos, būdathe object, the vessel and are used with each other The purpose of this article is to discuss the terminology of literary science kis 1933: 182). tro-„Metonymy is such a which one concept is place of another, in which concept is substituted for another, in which one concept is substituted for another. Narrow concept relationship, for example, those, for example, exists their closenesscause and connection between the example, exists between time and the action, the and the maker of his action, the container and the vartojamos viena kitos the deposit and the deposit, etc. Those are tatai properties, trees. Thus, the concepts, the envelope, which are in the language of the nearest and made of it, the object having the closest, in the language of this and that, the vessel and deposit, etc., of this, in the language as it is in place" R 44. mos so bound, in the language in place" L 66. 207Terminology | 2018 | 25 Textbooks of literary theory by Norkautas, Stasys Češunas, Juozas Ambrazevičius, most of them published not once or twice6. K. Bizauskas’ textbook of literary theory is also the first Lithuanian textbook of stylistics7. Stylistics in this work is treated essentially linguistically, only traditionally associated with literary theory (for more see Šoblinskas 1979: 24–25; Knabikaitė 2006: 69–71). According to Adam Šoblinskas, “the author of the textbook deserves to be recognized as the honorable pioneer of Lithuanian language stylistics” (1979: 24). K. Bizauskas’ textbook was examined from a literary point of view by Juozas Girdzijauskas (2006 [1993]: 49–56), and from a pedagogical point of view by 104–106). Literatūrologai šį vadovėlį vertina nevienodai, matyt, į jį žvelgTeresė Bukauskienė (1993: dami slightly differently and in different contexts, for example, J. Girdzijauskas states that “K. Bizauskas’ textbook is universal and at the same time compact, very rich and at the same time systematic”, and in the broad concept of literature it “exactly corresponds to the current trend of theoretical thought” (Girdzijauskas 2006 [1993]: 55, 56). Giedrius Viliūnas describes it as a low-level compilation (Viliūnas 2003: 271). used by K. Bizauskas and his own activities in organized terminology. Methods of work – descriptive analytical, comparative. The article first describes K. Bizausko role in the activities of the Terminology Commission (1921–1926), then compares the terms recorded in the protocols of this commission with the terminology of his textbook (1922), then discusses the terminological differences between the 1918 and 1922 editions of the textbook and finally reviews synonymous terms and variants of one edition (1922). Thus, the main focus is on synonyms and variants, through which the change and difficulties of the terminology of the time are shown. KAZyS BIZAuskas AND THE FIRST TERMINOLOGY COMMISSION Organized terminology work at the state level in Lithuania began in 1921. Keinys 2012 [1967]: 38–41; Auk6 An impression of how K. Bizausko terminology appears in the context of terminology of the independence period can be drawn from Asta Mitkevičienė’s article (2015). 7 The second Lithuanian textbook of literary theory published in 1923, written by M. Gustaitis, even a textbook of gear theory). dintas Stilistika (paantraštė Vadovėlis literatūros teorijai; 2as papildytas leidimas (1927 m.) Stilistika. Lite- 208 Asta Mitkevičienė Lietuvos Nepriklausomybės Akto signataras Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija soriūtė 2011). At the time, K. Bizauskas was the Minister of Education. The first meeting of this commission took place a little more than a month later – on 21 April, and was attended by seven of the ten invited members of the commission: Kazimieras Būga, Aleksandras Dambrauskas, Pranas Dovydaitis, Jonas Jablonskis, Pranas Mašiotas (Deputy Minister K. Bizauskas heads- (Vlada Požėla, moje Švietimo ministerijoje), Antanas Smetona ir Antanas Vireliūnas Juozas Tumas and Adomas Varnas did not come). As can be seen from the minutes written by the secretary of the meeting, A. Vireliūnas, at the first meeting, which was chaired by A. Smetona, the Commission set itself two tasks: 1) “[b]it was set as the first task of the Commission to unify the official language of state institutions”; 2) “[t]he gathered also agreed to review and correct, as appropriate, and in other respects, the various branches of science” (TKP 1, highlighted in the minutes. – A. M.). During the 13th meeting of the Terminology Commission on October 6 of the same year, it was decided to form subcommittees (committees) for terms in mathematics, nature, geography, literature and law. Commissioner J. TumuiVaižgantas was tasked with setting up a committee on literary terms, inviting Liudas Giras and Vincas Krėvė (TKP 13) as collaborators. Already a week later (October 13) the meeting of the Terminology Commission began to discuss the terms of literary science – the list of terms submitted to the commission was referred by J. Thomas. And that list of terms was compiled precisely by K. Bizauskas8. Since the list was discussed immediately after the formation of the literature subcommittee, it is possible to assume that it was drawn up and was known to the members before the formation of this subcommittee. These terms were discussed in seven meetings – from 14th to 21st, except 20th – in October and November of the same year9 (see Mitkevičienė 2013). At the 23rd meeting of 5 December, as can be seen from the minutes, the minutes of the last three meetings (and therefore 21st) were read, stopping at a couple of terms discussed. It is worth adding that K. Bizauskas attended only one meeting (the 18th, see Figure 3). It is interesting that the court terms submitted by Antanas Kriščiukaitis were discussed at that hearing, and only after them – the terms of literary science, more8 in the 18th protocol it is noted next to K. Bizauskas’ name that he is the author of the list of terms. 9 In the book of minutes of the Terminology Commission, a cut-off page appears after the 19th, and on the next page the 21st, and only after that the 20th. The 20th meeting to consider the “Fin.aPram.aList of terms and list of insurance terms submitted to the Commission by the Ministry of Commerce” (TKP 20). The 20th and 21st meetings were chaired by Mr. A. A. Virel. Other meetings, in which the terms of literary science were discussed, were chaired by A. Smetona. 209Terminologija | 2018 | 25 Figure 3. Minutes of the meeting of the Terminology Commission attended by K. Bizauskas 216 Asta Mitkevičienė Signatory of the Act of Independence of Lithuania Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija Confession, speech, self-relationship TKP 19. The term izpažintis L 106 is recorded in K. Bizausko textbook, which refers to one of the types of works. Measurement, justification, justification TKP 19. K. Bizauskas named one of the parts of the question (Latin etiologia, causa) the term measurement L 118 (cf. LKŽ measured "3. support (behavior, thought)“). Reductio ad absurdum, the method of reducing to absurdity TKP 21. K. Bizauskas used one term – dementia in CPC 124. "Spirituality and Spirituality 21". K. Bizauskas chose the term "faithful hymn" L 144. Properties, family, characteristic, family novel TKP 21 (cf. LKŽe characteristic “3. related by kinship, own, close people”, one of the sources – works of J. Jablonski). K. Bizauskas used the terms family novel L 163 (and also family novel L 163) and family novel L 197 in the textbook. The Song of Home, Being, and Customs TKP 21. In K. Bizausko textbook – the song of state (home) L 169. Stasys Šalkauskis in General terminology of philosophy (1937) considered the living, state and being as non-absolute synonyms and indicated the following differences between them: “living means the characteristics of human beings’ existence, life and manifestation, which constitute their public distinctiveness”; “being is a verb noun that means the deepest basis of being”; “the state is the way of being” (Šalkauskis 1991: 211–212), cf. In LKŽ state “being, existence, life”; „living, life, being“; being "being, existence, habit, life". The Riddle, The Riddle TKP 21. The first synonym used in the textbook of literary theory is riddle L 143. According to folklorist Aelita Kensminienė, the word mąslė was written down by K. Būga in 1909 in Seinai, but it is almost a single term, not widely used in the popular language or in the press. Both linguists participated in (Kensminienė 2004). LKŽe duomenimis, mąslė pavartojo ir J. Jablonskis. a meeting where these terms were discussed. Bridge, gesture TKP 21. In the 23rd meeting, the term mostas was returned. The protocol states that J. Jablonskis proposed mojis instead of mostas, arguing that mostas is unknown in living people's language, and that it was created by the influence of the word gestas. But this was not the case, as the mouth of the moth could be used as a mouthpiece. The committee decided by a majority to support both the word'most' and the word'moji'. J. Jablonskis "protested against the use of the word mostas in this sense" in TKP 23. K. Bizauskas in the textbook turned out as follows: gestures (mostagavimai) L 123. 217Terminology | 2018 | 25 Visai retai K. Bizausko vadovėlyje yra daugiau nebendrašaknių vienos terms than in the minutes of the Terminology Commission. Here we mention the excitement – эмоцииональность TKP 16. K. Bizauskas in the same edition stiliaus ypatybei įvardyti nurodė dar du terminus: „Tokią kalbos ypatybę pavadinome graudingumu, emocingumu, jaudingumu“ L 50. Pirmajame in the same place of the textbook – grief, emotion R 32. The protocols of the terminology commission also recorded Lithuanian variants of those and common synonyms, of which there is usually only one in K. Bizausko textbook14: Moderate, consistent, -ness. Coherence of thoughts, consistency. 1998. pp. 14. "TKP 21". According to the LKŽ, the word „nosakus“ was used by J. Jablonskis and J. Tumas, and they both participated in the meeting. K. Bizauskas in the third edition chose the term consistency L 24, but still used terms with the accent nuosaik* – logical moderation L 173, moderate time series L 100. Average, outward TCP 15. In the third edition of the textbook, the terms are formed with the second adjective (external fullness of the work L 25, external image L 130), and in the first edition – with the first (internal fullness of the work R 12). Expression of Thoughts, Expression of TCP 15. K. Bizauskas used the term expression of thoughts R 6, L 17 (cf. way of expression of thoughts L 137, subordinate form of expression of thoughts L 48). The synonym of this term in the textbook is a style that is not recorded in the protocols at all. Repetition, repetition of TKP 17. One of the figures in K. Bizauskas’ textbook is named the term repetition R 47, L 71 (cf. R 47, L 71). "Spotlight on the 17th CCP". In the third edition, the author chose the second term, exclamation L 77 (see exclamation figure L 77; there is also exclamation L 71), while in the first edition the term was exclamation R 51 (exclamation figure R 51). Imagination, imagery TKP 17. The participants of the meetings probably did not agree completely, because the minutes stated "in the meantime leave". The term proposed by the commission at the previous meeting was not approved. In K. Bizauskas’ textbook you can find terms or otherwise word combinations with the accent imagination, for example, creative imagination L 134. 18th edition. pp. 18. It is not always possible to say exactly, without a broader context, which common root mieji terminai, o versifikacija pateikta lyg paaiškinimas, todėl sunku tiksliai terms recorded in the protocols of the Terminology Commission are the real ones and which are just contextual synonyms. 218 Asta Mitkevičienė Signatory of the Act of Independence of Lithuania Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija indicate whether the international term is being offered for use. K. Bizauskas used the term poetry L 78 (a more accurate Latin term versifikacija atitik menį), but there is also a record of versifikacija L 78 (also cf. syllabic, metric, tonal verse TKP 18 – not a verse or poetry), and syllabic verse L 81, metric verse L 82, tonal verse L 82; folk tonic verse TKP 18 – folk tonic verse L 83). In the first edition, the term "poetry" is referred to as "poetry" in R 54. It is important to note that the untransposed verse order (see стихосложение) is not recorded in the LKŽ. 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century, 19th century K. Bizauskas chose the term fine narrative L 101 to name one of the types of narratives, and the characteristic type – fine narrative L 102. charakteristika L 10715. The Romantic Romance, pp. 21. In the textbook of K. Bizauskas – art novel L 163. Science, Scientific work TKP 19. The 1922 edition of the textbook is dominated by the term scientific work L 114, and the synonym scientific work L 115 is also used. In the first edition – only the scientific work R 65. The Daily Telegraph. pp. 19. In the 1922 textbook, K. Bizauskas took only the variant dienoraštis as a substitute for the diary, explicitly linking them: "During the rise of education, many people begin to write 'diaries', or diaries, where everything that caught the author's eye is written down for the day. The diary is the simplest form of memoir." L 102. J. Jablonskis continued to edit the diary into a diary and newspaper in 1926 and 1927 (see Jablonskis 1936: 17, 138). Proof, proof in ICC 19; direct proof, proof in ICC 19. K. Bizauskas chose the first terms: demonstration L 115, direct demonstration L 115. Introduction, introduction to TKP 19. One of the parts of reasoning K. Bizauskas called the term introduction. According to LKŽ, the introduction was used by K. Būga. He participated in the meeting of the Terminology Commission where these terms were discussed. Pamokymas, pomokis – teaching of TKP 21. In writing about the structure of tales, the textbook author used the term pamokymas L 157. 15 In 1926, J. Jablonskis wrote: “A beautiful, dailing work of art (painting, sculpture, etc.) can only be one that ‘catches the eye’ and is somewhat tangible. In literature, as in music, a thing can only be beautiful (not beautiful)” (Jablonskis 1936: 17). Since about 1927, in the textbooks of literary science and in the literature close to them, the word “literature” had not retreated into passive use. darbuose pastebimas terminas grožinė literatūra, bet ir antroje ketvirto dešimtmečio pusėje terminas dai- 219Terminologija | 2018 | 25 Apysakėlė, apsakymas, apsakas – разсказъ TKP 21. Šie terminai protokole are presented as synonyms or variants. K. Bizauskas used only the second term in the short story L 164. The protocols of the terminology commission also contain variants of the non-Lithuanian root and synonyms of common roots. Again, not all of them are used in K. Bizauskas’ textbook. Dramatinis, -ė, draminis, -ė TKP 15. K. Bizausko 1922 m. vadovėlyje rasti terms only with accent draminis, -ė (and dramas): draminė forma L 25, dramatinis kūrinys L 137 (synonym drama work L 25). In the first edition, the terms dramatic form R 12 and dramatic work R 12 were used for the same purpose. In the TŽZ 1936 the adjectives dramatiškas, -inis (general article), the compound dramatiška poezija, and dramatiškas is not added. Monological, -ė, dialoginis, -ė, or: monologiškas, dialogiškas, -a TKP 14. In the third edition, K. Bizauskas used adjectives with the suffix ėinis: monologue form L 25, dialogue form L 25, and in the first edition there were also adjectives with the suffix ėiškas: monologue form R 12, dialogue form R 12. Prose language, prose language, prose work, prose, prose work TKP 15. The third edition of the textbook uses the terms prosaic language L 31 (but cf. prosaic language form L 31), and the first edition uses the term prosaic language R 17 (cf. prosaic language form R 17). The third edition uses three terms synonymously: prose work L 32, prose work L 48, prose work L 95. In the previous edition, two terms were used for the same concept – the same prose work R 18 and the prose work R 19, which was abandoned by the author. Prose, prose, prose description of TKP 19. K Bizauskas in the third edition chose the term proziškas aprašymas L 111. Poetic, poetic, poetic TKP 15; poetic, -a, poetic, -ė TKP 18. In the 1922 edition of K. Bizauskas’ textbook only two adjectives – poetic and poetic – are used as terms, e.g.: synonyms poetic language L 31 and poetic language L 32, poetic work L 94 and poetic work L 96, and in the first – only the second variant, e.g.: poetic language R 17, poetic work R 65, etc. Example of context: “The difference between prose and poetry can be judged from the individual phrases – poetic and prose” R 31. Grammar, -tic conjugation, logic, logical conjugation TKP 18. In the 1922 textbook by K. Bizauskas, the terms with the adjective grammatikas kirtis L 79, logikos kirtis L 79 (in the first edition for the same purpose recorded as gramatiška priegaida R 52, logiška priegaida R 52) were used. 220 Asta Mitkevičienė Signatory of the Act of Independence of Lithuania Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija Myths, mythical epic; classics, classical epic; historical, historical poem; romantic, romantic poem; historical, historical novel TKP 21. K. Bipoem L zausko vadovėlyje – mitinis epas L 139, klasikinis epas L 145, istorinė 153, Romantic poem L 154, Historical novel L 44 (but more commonly historical novel L 159). Fantastic, Fantastic Journey TKP 19. K. Bizauskas has chosen the non-nominative form of the term fantastic travel L 113 (cf. descriptions of fantastic travels L 113) to name one type of travel description. Idyll, idyll TKP 21. K. Bizauskas used the variant idilė L 155, which has survived to this day. The 14th is the 14th year of the calendar, or the 14th month, of the Gregorian calendar. The storyline was inserted into the protocol later, by the other hand. K. Bizauskas did not consider these terms as systematic synonyms: “Sometimes the subject of the work is used in the sense of the subject; In works of art, the theme is often called the plot” (L 18; similarly stated in the first edition). Laying, arranging, folding, unfolding. “The laws of language require that the ideas of the activity, the content, or the lecture, should be expressed in every word. "TKP 14". K. Bizauskas distinguished the meanings of the terms lecture (the form of lecture of thoughts / thought L 24) and folding L 22 (the part of the content between the introduction and the end). In the first edition, the term arrangement R 10 was used in both meanings (see thought / thought arrangement form R 11). In the third edition we can find the terms statement of facts L 104, statement of thoughts L 173. Other differences 14th TKP. In the protocol the sentence that handwriting should mean manuscripts, that this word should be used in the same sense as it is used in the living language of people, was deleted, and instead it was written by the other hand that it “is a collection of handwriting” (TKP 14). In the third edition of K. Bizauskas' textbook, this word was no longer used. In the first edition, the author tried to theoretically distinguish the terms rašliava veikalai). J. Jablonskis, recenzuodamas šį vadovėlį, teigė, kad „mums, (only written works) and raštija (all verbal works). 14, pp. 14. "The 14th Anniversary of TKP-ML". LKŽe metmenys „2. the main features of a work or work project”, but examples only from the so- 221Terminology | 2018 | 25 local sources. It seems that K. Bizauskas did not use this term. It may be that the author did not need this concept at all or it is difficult to understand from the textbook text. Sekmė, prilyginimas, rus. притча TKP 14; sėkmė, lygmena TKP 17. In the first edition of the textbook, K. Bizauskas used the term sakmė R 9, but probably in the meaning of “the story”, rather than as an equivalent of the Russian term paraphrase (it means a work similar to a story and a parable). In the third edition, in the same place, there is the word pasakėčia (see Mitkevičienė 2005: 90 for more information on the term and its synonyms). Long-speaking speech TKP 15. In 1922, K. Bizauskas distinguished short-spoken, periodic and mixed language (L 33). Therefore, the author of the textbook did not need an antonym for the term short-spoken language. Derivative [period]; preceding [period] IAS 16. In the third edition of the textbook these terms are not mentioned, although they were in the first edition. It is also known as the derivative period R 21 and the anti-period R 21, respectively. THE FIRST AND THIRD EDITIONS OF THE MANUAL TERMINOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES In terms of terminology, about a third of the terms in the two editions coincide. As already said, the volume of the textbook editions differs, so in the third there are many new terms that were not in the first. However, some of the terms in the newer edition refer to concepts already present in the first edition – simply changed or expanded names of concepts (synonymy) or forms of those names (variation). Variants The most striking difference is the variants of terms, e.g. phonetic and/or spelling variants: homonym R 24 / homonym L 39 (see homonym TKP 17); idea R 8 / idea L 20, perspective R 11 / perspective L 23, poet R 63 / poet L 93 (cf. poet TKP 18), poetic form of language R 17 / poetic form of language L 30 and poetic work R 19 / poetic work L 94, poetry R 18 / poetry L 26 (cf. poetry TKP 18) and folk poetry R 26 / folk poetry L 41, work of poetry R 18 / work of poetry L 32, provincialism R 27 / provincialism L 43, prosopoeia R 42 / prosopoeia L 64, synonymy R 24 / synonym L 39 (and synonymy R 25 / synonymy L 40), theme R 6 / theme L 17 (cf. theme L 17), idea R 17 / idea L 20, perspective R 11 / perspective L 23, poet R 63 / poet L 93 (cf. poet TKP 18), poetic form of language R 17 / poetic form of language L 30 and poetic work R 19 / poetic work L 94, poetry R 18 / poetry L 26 (cf. poetry TKP 18) and folk poetry R 26 / folk poetry L 41, work of poetry R 18 / work of poetry L 32, provincialism R 27 / provincialism L 43, prosopoeia R 42 / prosopoeia L 64, synonymy R 24 / synonym L 39 (and synonymy R 25 / synonymy L 40), theme R 6 / theme L 17 (cf. theme L 17 TKP 14) and others. ; 222 Asta Mitkevičienė Signatory of the Act of Independence of Lithuania Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija morphological variants: dactyl R 57 / dactyl L 84, hyperbole R 45 / hyperbole L 68 (cf. hyperbole TKP 17), embellishment epithet R 34 / court pagražinamasis epitetas L 53 ir kt.; darybiniai16: tryskiemenis rimas R 60 / triskiemenis rimas L 89, viensrhyme R 60 / single-stem rhyme L 89; proportionality of parts R 10 / proportionality of parts L 23, emotionality R 32 / emotionality L 49 and emotional language R 33 / emotional language L 50; prose form of language R 17 / prosaic language form L 31 and others. ; mixed: chorus R 57 / chore L 84, epistle form R 12 / epistolary form L 25, proportionality of components R 8 / proportionality of components L 20, etc. As can be seen from the examples, the variants are not diverse, often individual pairs of variants are related to each other. Most of the varied terms are international, their form in Lithuanian language was not established at that time. The newer edition is not always used now. It should be noted that some variants, especially phonetic and spelling, may simply be proofreading errors. Common root synonyms Common root compound synonyms (synonymy of secondary nouns). Term with suffix -iškas → term with suffix -inis: chronological sequence R 11 – chronological sequence L 24, dialogical form R 12 – dialogical form L 25, historical novel R 28 – historical novel L 44 (and history novel L 159), lyrical element R 65 – lyrical element L 152, period language R 19 – period language L 34, poetic language R 17 – subjective language L 31 and poetic form of thought expression R 31 – subjective form of thought expression L 48, psychological basis R 11 – psychological basis L 24, rhythmic sentence R 53 – rhythmic sentence L 80 and rhythmic chapter R 19 / rhythmic chapter R 53 – rhythmic chapter L 34, etc. More formally, the synonyms dramatic form R 12 – dramatic form L 25, prose language R 17 – prose language L 31 differ. All the found synonyms of this group have an international root. 16 The concept of operative variants by Jolanta Vaskelienė is used here: “Also special variants are ni tuos pačius pamatinius žodžius ir tą patį darybos afiksą turintys dariniai, kurie skiriasi kokiomis nors regarded as secondary means of action” (Vaskelienė 2013: 212). 223Terminology | 2018 | 25 Term with participant → terminas su priesaga ėinis būdas R 5 / work vardžiu: kryžiuotasis rimas R 61 – kryžminis rimas L 91, rašytas veikalas written R 5 – written work L 16 and written (literary) language R 30 – written (literary) language L 47. Others: narrative work R 65 – narrated work L 100 / narrated work L 101 (and work of stories L 100), verse language R 53 / verse language R 60 – verse language L 80 / verse language L 89, conditional period R 21 – conditional period L 35 (see conditional [period] TKP 16), inner work completeness R 12 – outer work completeness L 25. An example of a synonym type that was relevant at the time is prose writings R 31 – prose writings L 49. Common root mononyms synonymous terms; common root compound synonymous terms. In the first edition, the term “poetry” was also used as a synonym for pairs of compound terms: metric poetry R 55 – metric poetry R 54 trečiajame pakeistas sudurtiniu terminu eilėdara L 78. Dėl to susiL 82, syllabic poetry R 54 – syllabic poetry L 81, tonal poetry R 55 – tonal poetry L 82 and folk poetry R 55 – folk poetry L 83, literary poetry R 55 – literary poetry L 83, etc. (see also the previous section). In different editions the compound terms choreic verse R 57 – choreic poem L 84, dactyl verse R 57 – dactyl poem L 84, biped verse R 58 – biped poem L 86, jamb verse R 57 – jamb poem L 84, quadripedal verse R 58 – quadripedal poem L 87, pentapedal verse R 58 – pentapedal poem L 87, hexapedal verse R 59 – hexapedal poem L 87, tripedeal verse R 58 / tripedeal verse R 58 – tripedeal poem L 86 are used. The one-word term poetry17 is not present in the first edition, and in the third one can find both the term verse L 81 and poem L 80, cf. The science of writing or composing poems is called poetry, or versification." L 81. Both terms are used ambiguously – they refer to both a verse language or form (in the plural poems) and a verse work, but the exact meaning is not always easy to determine. During the preparation of the third edition, K. Bizauskas replaced some terms with reference nouns of the same type of verb but with different common roots. 17 The term eilės was widely used in the 19th century, while the term eilėraštis appeared in the second decade of the 20th century. The latter term is a novelty of J. Jablonski, it was included in his 1918 dictionary Mūsų žodynėlis (see LKŽe; Keinys 2010: 85). 224 Asta Mitkevičienė Signatory of the Act of Independence of Lithuania Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija in terms: logical consistency R 65 – logical moderation L 173, call L 77 (cf. grindinės minties arba idejos vienumas R 8 – pagrindinės minties, arba idėjos, vieningumas L 20, prirodymas R 7 – išrodymas L 19, šaukimas R 51 – suexclamation figure R 51 – exclamation figure L 77), conclusion R 10 – conclusion L 19 (cf. end R 7, L 19), question R 51 – question L 77 (cf. question TKP 17, also cf. question figure R 51 – question figure L 77), incompleteness of the work, or non-completion R 7 – incompleteness of the work, or non-completion L 19. Skirtinguose leidimuose vartojami terminai dviprasmybė R 24 – dvipramockery L 39, mockery R 46 – mockery L 177; saying R 9 – sayings L 20. The term is used in the first edition only in the meaning of "says". In 1918 J. Jablonski’s Our Dictionary already contains the new term pasakėčia, which was also included in the text of K. Bizauskas’s textbook edition of 1922 (as already mentioned, the latter term is recorded in several places in the protocols of the Terminology Commission). Non-common root synonyms K. Bizauskas replaced some of the terms of the first edition with non-interchangeable ones, e.g.: heading R 12 – heading L 25, arrangement R 10 – arrangement L 22, expression R 15 – expression L 30, naming R 12 – name L 181, mixed form R 12 – mixed form L 25 and mixed verse R 57 – mixed verse L 84 / mixed verse L 86, attack R 20 – attack L 34, creature R 5 – work L 17 (and folk creature R 26 – folk work L 41, poetry creature R 25 – poetry work L 41), creation R 3 – creation L 14; orator’s work R 65 – orator’s work L 122, etc. J. Jablonskis corrected the header in 1904 and 1914, suggesting to change the heading (see Jablonskis 1935: 53, 140, 174). The term creature, popular in the early 20th century, was replaced in 1921 by the same J. Jablonski with the term creation (see Jablonski 1933: 241). By the way, apparently, respecting the opinion of the Terminology Commission and specifically of J. Jablonskis (see Piročkinas 1986: 114), K. Bizauskas used the form mišros / mišrosios (not mišrios) in terms (cf. mišras, -a TKP 15, mišra, -oji eilė TKP 18). Instead of several terms of the first edition, the author used in the third edition terms motivated by other characteristics, i.e. aspectual synonyms, e.g.: defensive comparison R 38 – negative comparison L 58, interrupted language R 18 – short-spoken language L 33, completeness of consonant or response R 61 – completeness of consonant or response L 90 (cf. 225Terminology | 2018 | 25 In the first edition, the works are divided into memoirs and written works, and in the third edition – into spoken and written works. The concepts seem to be the same, but the same terms memorial work R 5 / kalas L 16 / veikalas sakytinis L 16 motyvuoti skirtingai ir sudaro skirmemorial work R 5 and the opposites of the predicate base with its equation. Mixed synonyms18 Tarp pirmojo ir trečiojo vadovėlio leidimų terminų susidaro keletas combinations of various types of synonyms, e.g.: folk poetry in verse R 62 – folk poetry in verse L 93 / folk poetry in verse L 93, grammatical preposition R 52 – grammatical conjunction L 79 and logical preposition R 52 – logical conjunction L 79, poetic expression R 17 – poetic phrase L 31 (also cf. poetic statement L 32) and prose expression R 17 – prose phrase L 31 (also cf. prose statement L 32) etc. Once in the first edition, the synonyms phonetic verse R 54 and sound verse R 55 are used next to tonal verse, and once in the third edition – sound verse L 82 (the main synonym is tonal verse L 82). It is not a sound, but a tone, because it is not a sound, it is a tone. Refusal of synonym(s) It has been noted that in some cases the third edition does not contain the synonyms that were present in the first edition – the same concept is referred to by only one term or fewer synonymous terms than in the first edition, for example: hexameter (hexameter) R 55 → hexameter L 87, monological form R 12 and monologue form R 11 → monologue form L 25, pictoriality R 9 and visuality R 41, visuality R 26 → visuality L 20 and visuality L 48, contradiction or antithesis R 50 → antithesis L 75 (cf. antithesis TKP 17), rhythm 18 and rhythm L 81, reinforcement or gradation R 49 → gradation L 74, etc. Sometimes the terms of the first edition are replaced not by synonyms, but by terms of a narrower meaning, e.g.: "Our people's patience is full of tenderness. it is enough to take even this song <...>“ R 33 and „Our folklore is full of tenderness. it is enough to take even this song <...>“ L 51. 18 In order to simplify the definition of synonyms, the term ‘mixed synonyms’ includes synonymous terms which have more than one characteristic, that is to say, when the composite synonymous terms differ in more than one aspect or when a series of synonyms comprises more than two terms. 232 Asta Mitkevičienė Signatory of the Act of Independence of Lithuania Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija or changed the term by a common synonym (a quite typical introduction of a compound term with a suffix -ic adjective instead of a compound term with a different expression). He was not inclined to replace the terms of the first edition with terms of another origin (Lithuanian or foreign) – the pairs of synonyms between different editions of non-consonant terms are usually made up only of monosyllabic terms. Several changes reflect the direction of language standardization at the time, more precisely – the corrections of J. Jablonski (tveryba → kreacija). The synonymy and variation of terms (common and non-common roots) is also characteristic of the terms of one textbook edition, which means or could mean that the terminology was not established, a more accurate or regular expression was sought, variations of terms in the text were not considered or cared for. Apparently, in pursuit of didactic goals, the author did not avoid aspectual synonyms. It is now difficult to say whether all the variants and synonyms of terms in the first Lithuanian textbook of literary theory are the result of the author’s own work, rather than the work of editors, publishers or other helpers. MAIN SOURCES L – Bizauskas K. Theory of literature. Handbook for Higher Schools. Third edition, Kaunas, 1922. R – Bizauskas K. Theory of Writing and Literature 1, Kaunas: Ateities leidinys, 1918. TKP – Terminology Commission Protocols (Nos. 1–23), 1921. The Lithuanian Language Institute. LITTERACY AND ADDITIONAL SOURCES Auksoriūtė A. 2011: Overview of the activities of the Terminology Commission (1921–1926). – Terminologija 18, 80–91. Banevičius A. 1991: 111 politicians of the Lithuanian state 1918-1940, Vilnius: Knyga. 1923: Theory of Literature. Handbook for Higher Schools. Fourth edition, Kaunas, BlažytėjBaužienė D. 2006: Bizauskas Kazimieras. – Biographical Dictionary of Members of the Lithuanian Constituent Seimas (1920–1922). South. A. Ragauskas, M. Tamošaitis, Vilnius: VPu leidykla, 99–102. Bukauskienė T. 1993: History of Lithuanian Literature Teaching (until 1940), Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. Girdzijauskas J. 2006 [1993]: Kazys Bizauskas and his literary theory. – In the stream of Lithuanian literature. Vilnius: Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, 49–56. Girdzijauskas J. 2006 [1994]: The object and periodization of the history of Lithuanian literature. – In the stream of Lithuanian literature. Vilnius: Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, 26–34. Jablonski J. 1933: Jablonski's Writings 2. Educational affairs. Red. J. Balčikonis, Kaunas: Ministry of Education Publication. 1935. pp. 4. "Jablonskis J. 1935: Jablonskio raštai 4". Language matters. Red. J. Balčikonis, Kaunas: Ministry of Education Publication. 1936. pp. 5. "Jablonski's Writings". Language matters. Red. J. Balčikonis, Kaunas: Ministry of Education Publication. 1923: Our New Literature (1904-1923) 2. Our New Prose Literature (1904-1923), Kaunas: Publication of the Ministry of Education's Book Publishing Commission. Keinys St. 2010: Thoughts on the great linguist and terminologist Jonas Jablonskis on the occasion of his 150th birthday. – Terminologija 17, 80–92. Keinys St. 2012 [1967]: Overview of the development of Lithuanian terminology (up to 1940). – Development of Lithuanian Terminology, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 29–56. Kensminienė A. 2004: Mįslės. - Are you. Access via the Internet: http://www.aruodai.lt/paieska2/terminas. php?TeId=4389&back=home. 233Terminology | 2018 | 25 Knabikaitė V. 2006: Lingvistinės lietuvių stilistikos raida XX amžiuje, Vilnius: Mintis. LEM – Literary encyclopedia for school. L. Mačianskaitė, D. Mitaitė, D. PociūtėeAbukevičienė, D. Satkauskytė, Vilnius: Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore, 2011. tas, 2005. – www.lkz.lt. Liekis A. 1996: Signatarai: Vasario 16, Vilnius: Džiugas. LKŽe – Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (I–XX, 1941–2002), elektroninis variantas, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institu1962: The Dictionary of Literary Terms. South. J. Petronis, V. Vanagas, A. Zalatorius, Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla. LTŽ 1998: Literary Terms Dictionary 2. Lineage. South. J. Girdzijauskas, Vilnius: Baltos lankos. Mitkevičienė A. 2005: Epic, lyric, drama genres and other classification units names in the first Lithuanian textbooks of literary theory. – Terminologija 12, 81–106. Mitkevičienė A. 2013: The role of the Terminology Commission (1921–1926) in the history of Lithuanian literary science terminology. – Terminologija 20, 172–179. Mitkevičienė A. 2014: Figure and Trope Names in Literary Research Works 1918–1940. – Terminologija 21, 176–191. Mitkevičienė A. 2015: Synonymous terms in Lithuanian literary studies of 1918–1940. – Lithuanian language 9, http://www.lietuviukalba.lt/index.php/lietuviuukkalba/article/view/179/144. Piročkinas A. 1986: Jono Jablonskio kalbos pataisymai, Kaunas: Šviesa. Skipitis R. 1961: Nepriklausomą Lietuvą statant, Chicago: Terra. 1991. pp. 2. Philosophy and Educational Terminology. A. Sverdiolas, Vilnius: Mintis. 1979. "Lithuanian and its workers". – Our Language 4, 23–31. 2002: Interlex. Computerized dictionary of international words. Ats. red. A. Kinderys, Vilnius: Alma littera. 1936: International Dictionary of Languages. South. K. Boruta, P. Čepėnas, A. Sirutytė-Čepėnienė, [Kaunas]: Press Foundation. Vaskelienė J. 2013: Similarities and differences of verb synonyms, verb variants and paronyms. – Man and word. Didaktinė lingvistika 15(1), 206–214. Viliūnas G. 2003: In the depth of the art of the word. Lithuanian literature in the first half of the 20th century. – Works and Days 36, 261–281. VLE III – Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia 3, Vilnius: Institute for Publishing of Science and Encyclopedias, 2003. VTŽZ 2003: Vaitkevičiūtė V. Dictionary of International Words, Vilnius: Fotonija (electronic edition). Zaborskaitė V. 1982: Introduction to Literary Science, Vilnius: Mokslas. Zundė P. 1993: Kazys Bizauskas 1, Chicago: Lithuanian Book Club. Zundė P. 1994: Kazys Bizauskas 2, Chicago: Lithuanian Book Club. AND lIThuANIAN TERMINOlOGy Of lITERARy ScIENcE 100 years ago the first A SIGNATORy Of ThE AcT Of INDEPENDENcE Of lIThuANIA KAzyS BIzAuSKAS Lithuanian textbook on literary theory was published. It is symbolic that the author of this textbook is a signatory of the Act of Independence of to discuss the terminology of literary science used by Bizauskas and his activities in organized terminology ordering. Lithuania (1918) Kazys (Kazimieras) Bizauskas (1893–1941). The aim of this article is Bizauskas has an important place in the history of Lithuanian terminology, because 1) he wrote the very first Lithuanian textbook on literary theory which is a termin ology source as well, 2) during his term of office as minister of education the first terminology commission was established at the Minisry of Education and 3) he prepared a list of terms most likely based on the manuscript or material of his textbook and presented it for discussions at the Terminology Commission. Bizauskas understood well the importance of terminology work and as a terminologist he was not an individualist – he was involved in collective work on terminology ordering. 234 Asta Mitkevičienė Signatory of the Act of Independence of Lithuania Kazys Bizauskas ir lietuvių literatūros mokslo terminija The comparison of terms in Bizauskas’ textbook (1922) and terms recorded in the minutes of the Terminology Commission shows that these terms mainly differ in synonyms having the same root – Bizauskas either used one or more synonyms with the same root which were discussed by the Terminology Commission or used different synonyms with the same root. Terminology of the present is more similar to the termin ology used by Bizauskas, probably because of the wider dissemination of his terms. Neither extreme purism nor a determination to internationalize terminology is characteristic to Bizauskas. The comparison of two editions of the textbook reveals that he was mainly changing the form of terms to make them more accurate – he would choose another variant or would change a term for a synonym with the same root (introduction of the complex term including an adjective with a suffix inis instead of a complex term with a different form is quite typical). He was not inclined to change terms of the first edition with terms of different origin (Lithuanian or foreign). Syn onymous terms having a different root in the first and second editions are of the same origin. Several changes correspond to standardization trends of that period. Variation and synonymy of terms (with the same root or with different roots) is characteristic to the single edition of the textbook (the 3rd edition was researched in this respect) and this could indicate a lack of stability in terminology, the search for more accurate or more correct form or variations being unnoticed or considered to be insignificant to change. It seems that for didactic reasons the author chose not to avoid aspectual synonyms. It is difficult to establish now if all synonyms and variants in the first Lithuanian textbook of literary terms were introduced by the author himself or by editors, publishers or other helpers. Received 2018i07i31 Asta Mitkevičienė Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail asta.mitke[email protected]