Asmenų pavadinimai kompiuterijos žodynuose

107Terminology | 2018 | 25 Names of persons in computer dictionaries ALVYDAS UMBRASAS Lietuvių kalbos institutas KEY WORDS: computing, dictionary of terms, terms naming persons, derivative, loan, term The field of terminology research includes various concepts, but the names of persons could be assigned to those things that are rarely discussed in the context of terminology. In the natural sciences, personal names seem not to be very relevant, in the technical sciences they are sometimes needed, but it is likely that the most developed systems of personal names are in the social sciences, because the object of these sciences is the relationships of people in society. In Lithuanian terminology, the names of persons have been studied sparingly, it was generally believed that the terminology of the names of characters is problematic and, for example, the names of specialties do not identify the concepts of the science studied by those persons (Gaivenis 2002: 31). However, research shows that, at least in the social sciences, personal names make up a significant part of terminology. For example, when examining the terminology of Lithuanian law in 1918–1940, it was found that terms referring to individuals constitute barely a seventh of the legal terms used in the codes at that time (Umbrasas 2005: 107). Of course, a considerable number was partly determined by the synonymy of the terminology of that time, but synonymy exists even now. The current terminology of Lithuanian law regarding personal names has not been studied. Furthermore, it cannot be ruled out that the research of the field texts and terminology will show different results, i.e. it is possible that some of the names of persons relevant to the field do not fall into the terminology. Kazimieras Gaivenis said that linguist is not a term of linguistics (Gaivenis 2002: 31), so it is not surprising that the Dictionary of Linguistic Terms (KTŽ 1990) does not include either linguist or terminologue. There is no terminology in the Educational Terminology Dictionary (MTZ 2005), but is it really justified? Where should such a term be? Probably the first and only dictionary of terms 108 Alvydas Umbrasas | Names of persons The term terminologist is defined in computer dictionaries, such as the Translation Studies Dictionary (VSŽ 2014). A terminologist (from the Latin terminus, "end", and logos, "knowledge") is a person who studies the meaning of words and concepts. He must have knowledge of a particular field of science or technology and have linguistic knowledge.” The dictionary also defines a number of terms relevant in the context of translation, but it is strange that the related term translator is not included, but it is good that various general terms are defined: sign language interpreter, sworn interpreter, legal interpreter, court interpreter, translator, guide translator, interpreter, etc. What is the position of personal names in computing? The purpose of this article is to contribute to the answer to this question. The aim is to determine which names of persons fall into the terminology of computing, to analyze their expression by descriptive method, taking into account the work, origin (the novelty of terms, uniqueness, compared with other fields). The meanings of the terms are tried to be indicated1 (but not all dictionaries explain the terms), but the aspects of the concepts are examined little, so synonymy issues are touched only occasionally, more attention is paid to the form of the terms. Species terms are examined according to the main element (nests are formed). In total, about 120 different words naming persons have been collected, which are presented in computer dictionaries as related (singular) terms or as the main elements of compound terms. The material for the study was collected from several more significant (often considerable volume) dictionaries of computing and closely related to it informatics published at different times (list of researched sources see at the end of the article), as well as the Telecommunications Terms Dictionary (TTD), because computing and telecommunications are technologically related, have a number of common terms. There are not many ordinary, i.e., verbally non-decomposable, Lithuanian words naming persons in computers, and only a few of them have been found in dictionaries. Talking about persons, it would be appropriate to start with the word person. As a single word term in computer science, it seems not to be very relevant, but in combinations it occurs, for example, the registrant person (angl. registrant) in SZKPTŽ, the instructed person (angl. instructed person) in ATTŽ, the skilled person (angl. skilled person) in ATTŽ. In the first case, the source of the information is the source of the information, and the source of the information is the source of the information. 109Terminologija | 2018 | 25 guest "non-registered user of a computer system" (angl. guest) ŠKPTŽ, EKŽ2, AKTŽ. The dictionaries of the field under consideration include and, it can be said, of no special meaning words naming persons, for example, narys2 (angl. member) ŠKPTŽ, pg. grupės nariai (angl. membership) LŽ, kinship or similar terms, for example: moteris (angl. female) ŠKPTŽ, vaikai (angl. children) ŠKPTŽ, vyras (angl. male) ŠKPTŽ. In addition, the word "human" is used in the descriptive way to refer to the concept, and the word "human" is given as a system element. Most of the terms used in computer dictionaries are derivatives. The most typical suffix -toj. Most of the derivatives provided are terminated or transterminated (borrowed from other fields), e.g.: customer [field] engineer IŽ; manufacturer, producer IŽ, ALKTŽ, computer manufacturer IŽ, software manufacturer IŽ; sorcerer "specialist in computer magic, talented programmer" (angl. wizard) ALKTŽ; the flamer of the SCCP; a tutor of the ALKTŽ; the finder of the ALT; moderator “the person who manages a newsgroup, e-mail group, forum and regulates the information circulated in the group” (moderator) EKŽ2, AKTŽ, mailing list moderator) ŠKPTŽ; a lurker is a passive participant in an e-mail, newsgroup or chat channel who receives mail or messages but does not send them himself. employee (angl. employee) reviewers (angl. reviewers) of the ICCPR; The owner is a person with unlimited rights to the resources (angl. owner). Some derivatives, particularly those of a more general meaning, are not given separately, but are included in compounds, e.g.: employee – documentalist, junior scientist, senior scientist (it is now customary to use researcher rather than scientific); reader – a media library reader (media librarian) of the SZKPTŽ; 2 This word is also used in a non-personal sense, cf. arithmetic term. 110 Alvydas Umbrasas | Names of persons in computer dictionaries compiler – program writer ALKTŽ, application developer ALKTŽ; ‘researcher’ means a low-rated analyst (LRA). At least the term browser, which has not been recorded in general lexicography before, could be considered a computer innovation3. The word is spread mainly in the context of the Internet, is LKND (explained as “who spends a lot of time4 browsing the Internet”). In the UK, the term "surfer" is used to refer to a network surfer, a surfer, a cyber surfer, a cybernaut, or a web surfer. Some of the names of persons provided in computer dictionaries with the suffix under consideration are hybrids. They are also often taken from other fields, i.e. not specifically designed for computational purposes, e.g.: modeler, simulationist designer (angl. designer) ALKTŽ, software designer (angl. software designer) ALKTŽ, system designer (angl. system designer) ALKTŽ; a coder of the ALT; broadcaster of the SRT. The hybrids coder, encoder, programmer, coder, tester, developer, maintainer, etc. could be considered computer innovations. The latter term is used in dictionaries to form a number of combinations, e.g.: junior programmer IŽ, ALKTŽ; traditionbound programmer, traditionbound programmer IŽ, ALKTŽ; programmer analyst (angl. programmeranalyst) IŽ; backup programmer ALKTŽ; system programmer (angl. system programmer) IŽ, AKTŽ, system programmer (angl. system programmer, analyst-programmer, toolsmith) ALKTŽ; talented programmer (angl. programmer of ability) ALKTŽ; average programmer (ALKTŽ); on-site programmer ALKTŽ; 3 The criteria for the new word are quite relative, the time of the word's appearance is not always clear, a contractual limit is required. The absence of the word in the main general dictionaries – LKŽe and DLKŽ7 (but these sources do not deny the novelty if the word is included in them from the context of computing, for example, programmer) can be considered as a criterion of novelty, and dictionaries of other fields should also be taken into account. 4 There are comments that the usage of the term “long time” may be redundant (Murmulaitytė 2016: 7), and this seems quite reasonable. 111Terminologija | 2018 | 25 senior programmer ALKTŽ; chief programmer IŽ, ALKTŽ. When dictionaries do not provide definitions or at least brief explanations, it is not always clear whether a person is meant. Since the English equivalents may not mean a person (in the context under consideration this is often the case), it is doubtful whether the Lithuanian equivalents, which are always oriented to the person, correspond to the essence, properly selected, e.g.: builder, program builder, system builder. ALKTŽ; profiler ALKTŽ, execution profiler of the main program ALKTŽ; ‘browser’ means a web spider, web crawler or web worm; Navigator of the CSS. Separately, it should be mentioned the term user "natural, legal person or group of such persons using a computer, its software, data and any other information resources" (user, consumer, subscriber) IŽ, ALKTŽ, ŠKPTŽ, LŽ, ATTŽ, AKTŽ. It has the highest variation of species terms. The combinations often indicate the user's experience, status, nature of behaviour, possession of certain functions, belonging to one or another group, etc., for example: anonymous user; casual user (CPU); interactive user (IU); an ad hoc user (AHU); end user, ultimate user (EUU); interactive user ALKTŽ; commercial user paying for computing time (real user) ALKTŽ; a tough user ALKTŽ; non-scheduled user (NSU); computer-naive ALKTŽ naujasis vartotojas „vartotojas iki pirmojo kreipimosi neužregistruotas sistemoje“ (angl. first-time user) ALKTŽ, ATTŽ; (non-professional computer user) remote user ‘user working with a remote terminal’ (angl. remote user) IŽ, ATTŽ; root user LŽ; trained user IŽ; 112 Alvydas Umbrasas | Names of persons in computer dictionaries last user ŠKPTŽ; experienced user "user of a computer or its software, single user" LŽ; novice user (NOU); the connected user of the CSS; privileged user, privileged rintis darbo su tokia įranga arba atskirais jos komponentais patirtį“ (angl. advanced user) AKTŽ; operator, superuser (IZU, ALKTZ, ATTZ); ‘direct user’ means a ‘user who, through direct use of a messaging system, is involved in the processing of messages’ (direct user) ATT; telecommuter (remote user) ALKTŽ; closed user IŽ; superuser LŽ; local user (angl. local user) ALKTŽ. Less frequently, an object5 with which the user works, to which his actions are directed, e.g.: computer user (liveware) ALKTŽ; Netscape user CSS; service user ‘end user consuming network services’ (angl. service user) ATTŽ; terminal user, terminal operator IŽ, ALKTŽ; videotex user “a person who uses the services provided by a videotex service through a videotex terminal equipment” (videotex user) Some terms have positive and negative opposite members (using the prefix ne-), e.g. roaming user NRSU – non-roamed subscriber NRSU; advanced user, computer-literated user, expert user, skilled user, trained user, lay user, naive user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user, unskilled user high-priority user IŽ, ALKTŽ – low-priority user ALKTŽ. Sometimes prepositioned and unprepositioned, named and non-named forms vary, e.g.: registered user "person, firm, company, etc. body authorized to use the services provided by the service provider" (authorised user, scheduled user) ATTŽ; 5 In none of the dictionaries looked at the relevant term internet user. 113Terminologija | 2018 | 25 registruotas vartotojas (angl. scheduled user, real user) ALKTŽ; authorized user IŽ; the authorised (registered) user (angl. authorised user) of ALKTŽ; ‘non-authorised user, non-scheduled user’ means a user of a service or services who is not registered at the service provider’s premises; an unauthorised user of ALKTŽ; nonauthorized [unauthorized] user IŽ. In principle, both noun and non-noun forms can be justified here. The noun form increases the definiteness, emphasizes the classification nature. It should be noted that although most computer dictionaries, including the most recent ones, use the term user, the ECMAScript 2 was a user. There is also a difference in the general terms (the EC2 has not included many of them), e.g. end user EC2 and end user, ultimate user EC, ATT, AKT, default user EC2 and default user AKT. The definitions indicate the identity of the concepts, for example: end-user “a person who uses a computer or its software according to their applicable purpose, using the results of their work, and not as a component for the assembly, development or production of other programs or systems” ECZ2 – end-user “a person who uses software according to its intended purpose to achieve the results of work, and not as a component for the assembly or development of other programs” ACTZ; default user ‘the user whose profile becomes the initial value of the newly registered profile, i.e. when creating a new user profile, the default user profile is copied into it’ ‘the user whose profile becomes the initial value of the new profile being registered, i.e. the default user profile is copied into the new user profile when it is created’ As it can be seen, the latest explanatory dictionary provides the term consumer, and accordingly the generic terms have been changed in the latest edition of the ECJ (not published in book form, published on the website www.raštija.lt). In the latter, the generic terms with the suffix user are inserted as synonyms in reference articles pointing to the corresponding terms with the suffix consumer, but the related terms user and consumer are both inserted as independent terms and explained as “a natural or legal person using something, or a group of such persons” and “a person or group of such persons consuming something” respectively (the expression of the first definition should be adjusted). For both terms it is said that "they are sometimes used synonymously, but from 114 Alvydas Umbrasas | Names of persons in computer dictionaries are not really synonyms, because they indicate a different relationship between a person and a thing – consumption or use.” Even a decade ago, one of the authors of EC2 wrote: “It is common to say that we consume food, medicine, words, that we use land, lakes, buildings, machines. And what do we do with the computer and its software? The computer is not suitable for use, we use the computer. And the programs are invisible, recorded on disks. So maybe we use them like air? However, the applications have one interesting feature. Once acquired, we can only use them in accordance with the rules set out in the licenses. Most of the time we do not get the right to copy, disassemble, modify them. Applications should be treated as if they were rented or borrowed. Therefore, use is more appropriate here than consumption. Thus, we are users of computers and their programs (not consumers) and we use computers, not consume them” (Grigas 2007: 4). It is said as correctly as it can be, but usage shows that the boundaries of use and consumption are not always as more or less clear as in food, medicine, words or similar contexts. Both computers and programs are means, tools (some physical, others virtual), and they can be used and consumed. Use is essentially a variant of consumption, the ELV7 says that use is “to use as a means, a tool to achieve something”. From the LKŽ we see such examples: With other tools I am not able, but I am used to the axe BsPI114(Tlž). Such axes we lost to use Lkv. The Whites used a wooden horse to plough the land, later reinforced with an iron fork. I use the blades as I go to harvest Yl. He's been using a steel blade, a steel blade, not a light blade LB98. Among the interpretations of the meanings of MRL7, similar uses can also be found: rake „small rake used to form the foot when cutting with a dagger“, lens „ray-refractive film used instead of glasses“, tweezers „pliers for holding small objects, used in medicine, laboratories“. Now, apparently, we would be inclined to say used here, but at the same time use shows that the concept of the user has become universal, the user both consumes and uses (compared to the English language, it includes both user and consumer), therefore the user of the program, the computer user is not surprising. Basically, both the consumer and the user can be said here, but the overall system tends towards the user. Compared to the derivatives of the suffix -tojas, personal names with the suffix -ėjas in computer science have a slightly lower variety, but are also quite abundant. Looking at the computational dictionaries of hybrids of this 115Terminologija | 2018 | 25 derivatives of the sagas not found, all Lithuanian and all of them can be considered terminated or transterminated, e.g.: atlikėjas (angl. performer) ŠKPTŽ; the calling party IŽ; requester “subscriber, user or system element requesting the directory” (angl. requestor) IŽ, ŠKPTŽ, ATTŽ; builder, creator, manufacturer, software system developer, software programmer; the invoker (‘invoking person’) of the ICCPR; žaidėjas (angl. player) IŽ; vendor (angl.) advisor (guru) of the SZKPTŽ; the presenter of the ICCPR; violator “a person attempting to infiltrate a protected system” (in English) successor IŽ; sender “the person sending the message whose e-mail address data is entered in the field “to” (angl. sender) in the header of the e-mail IŽ, ATTŽ, EKŽ2, AKTŽ, originator or recipient (angl. originator/recipient) ŠKPTŽ, the sender of the message “the original source of the message” (angl. sender, message originator) ALKTŽ, ATTŽ. Some derivatives are only available in combinations, e.g.: installer – software implementer; ‘malware’ means a phreaker of the ICCPR; ‘assistant’ means the assistant chief programmer of the ACC; ‘remailer’ means an anonymous remailer of the ICCPR; ‘enhancer’ means an e-business enhancer of the CCI; ‘spammer’ means the spammer of the ICCTR. It should be noted that, for example, the words caller, installer are neither DLKŽ7 nor LKŽe, although they are called, installed. These names of characters are systemic, so they can hardly be regarded as computer innovations, but rather as general lexicographic gaps. On the other hand, the MRL7 may not include these words because it is more likely that the use of unprefixed forms corresponds to the norms. For example, submitter, forwarder is included in LKŽe, but not in DLKŽ7. The most widely used slots have terms covering the aspects of receiving or giving something. This is the term for a person recipient "the recipient of an e-mail or other electronic message" (recipient, receiver, acceptor) IŽ, ŠKPTŽ, ATTŽ, EKŽ2, AKTŽ. With him I-- 122 Alvydas Umbrasas | Personal names in computer dictionaries Although the English language has a great influence on the terminology of computer science, the borrowed terms from other fields often do not formally correspond to the expression of English terms, they are used as independent units operating in the Lithuanian language, the choice of which is determined by the internal language system and the transfer of meanings, e.g.: e-mail subscriber (e-mail user) EKŽ2; information system administrator (sysop, system operator) ALKTŽ; e-mail administrator ‘the person supervising and responsible for the operation of an e-mail service’ (postmaster) in the ACC; website administrator “the person who maintains and updates the website, responding to e-mails from its visitors relating to the functioning of the website” (webmaster) EKŽ2, AKTŽ; contributor – a natural person who develops and modifies a program or other computer object (EC2, ACC); original author “natural person who created an original computer program or other computer object” (initial developer) EKŽ2, AKTŽ; instructor (angl. tutor) ALKTŽ; „person who helps the learner to learn: provides advice, guidance, practical assistance“ (angl. tutor) EKŽ2, AKTŽ; licensee “the copyright user of the work that is the copyright holder” ECZ2, ACTZ; mechanikas (angl. engineer) ALKTŽ; tester ALKTŽ. Among the sources examined, only the only Linux dictionary (LŽ) includes personal borrowings with the note ntk., i.e. those that are considered unrepresentable in terminology. All of them are licenciaras „autorių teisių turėtojas“ (angl. copyright owner, right holder) EKŽ2, AKTŽ; marked as jargon: hacker – a hacker; user – a user; cracker – a hacker; lamer – unemployed; luser – 1. novice, 2. user. In the case of the English word hacker, it is suggested that it is a slang word, so it is possible to assume that the equivalent is the same. It cannot be ruled out that a cautious attitude towards the Lithuanian equivalent could have led to the certification of jargonism. The English word has many meanings, and the ALCTS lists as many as five meanings: "1. a programmer fanatic. 2. the watchdog of the programmer society. 3. expert in a specific programme. 4 an expert using his knowledge for unlawful purposes, e.g. by hacking into a protected system. 5. a talented programmer, efficiently creating great programs” (some meanings could be 123Terminologija | 2018 | 25 joined). It should be mentioned that some English words or their combinations considered as slangs in the ALKTŽ do not have Lithuanian equivalents, they have been replaced by programer; luser – a user dyti aprašomuoju būdu: bit twiddler (žarg.) – kompiuterio fanatikas, mėgėjas programuoti asemblerio kalba; code bums (žarg.) – pernelyg smulkmeniškas who is unable to work with the system; a non-professional user. Understandably, it can be difficult to choose equivalents for other language jargons or professionalisms. In English, such units often pass into the terminology category (in some fields9 they are particularly abundant), while in Lithuanian terminology jargons or professionalisms are usually avoided. As can be seen from the material presented, only one derivative naming another person can be considered to be made specifically for the purposes of computing, most of the names of persons presented in computer dictionaries are taken ready-made from the common language, in which they are used in other fields (it can be said that they are more often transterminated than terminated). In principle, the same can be said about borrowed numbers – most of them are not unique in computing. Sometimes, the term is used to refer to a more formal term, such as computer science. It should be said that computer dictionaries often include not only computer terminology, but also phrases and vocabulary of various programs or otherwise of the computer context, so not all the names of persons presented are the actual computer terms. They entered the dictionaries together with certain microsystems of terms and supplement them. Of course, the necessity of some of them, especially the most general, non-specialized (such as, for example, husband, wife, children, spouse) in computer terminology can be doubted. At the same time, the opposite question can be raised – are the existing names of persons in the dictionaries examined sufficient? In these dictionaries you can find quite a lot of different verbs and their abstracts, and from verbs it is usually very easy to make a word designating the performer of the action (especially with constructed suffixes -tojas, -ėjas). In a certain situation they are possible, but not necessarily necessary to name a specific field concept (as terms), e.g.: update (angl. update) – updater, format (angl. format) – formatter, customize (angl. cus9 It is stated that, for example, in economic and business dictionaries, jargons and professionalisms naming persons make up about 20% of English-language person names and about 6% of Russian-language person names. Of course, there are cases when the concept of the performer of the action is not purely a computer concept, for example, in some computer dictionaries you can find the terms printing (IŽ, ŠKPTŽ, AKTŽ), layout (IŽ, ALKTŽ), but not printer, layouter – such terms are in use (the positions are also named), but they might be more suitable to put them in polygraphy dictionaries. There are certainly names of actors of the computer context that are worthy of being in computer dictionaries, for example, the dictionaries include game, computer game (IŽ, AKTŽ), piracy (ALKTŽ, EKŽ2, AKTŽ), but there are no (Труфанова 2006: 8). 124 Alvydas Umbrasas | Names of persons in computer dictionaries tomize) – customizer, install (angl. install) – installer, etc. Some words are not even in the usage, but if necessary they could name the field, for example, computer. A similar digitizer has already appeared in the usage (in libraries, museums there are positions named as such), so in computer dictionaries it could reasonably be next to the term digitization. usage-relevant players, pirates (apparently, the computer context separates the pirate not recorded in the lexicography from the sea pirate). Sometimes there are gaps in systematicity, for example, AKTŽ provides the aforementioned newcomers blogger, microblogger alongside blog, microblog, but audioblog, video blog, vlog are provided individually. The audio blog seems to be less relevant, but the relevance of video blogs is increasing, and the video blogger is also relevant (competing with the video blogger). With the root netdabar a number of different new forms are made, sometimes only situational, for example, tinklašmogis, tinklinėtojas, tinklišius (Girčienė 2011: 174), which are not needed for terminology. It should be added that in the dictionaries of terms examined, the names of persons are given only in the masculine genus. This is an almost established tradition in terminology. The absolute majority of nouns (except for those such as person, woman, man, child) are represented by the so-called mobile nouns (substantiva mobilia) and their combinations, i.e. they have or at least theoretically can have corresponding feminine nouns, which can be used in the field texts if necessary, but the readers of the dictionaries should make them themselves according to the general laws of language. Names of persons of only one gender determined by social roles or other reasons are not common in general (Džežulskienė 2001: 67), now sometimes missing pair members are added, for example, the word licenciaras, which is usually used next to the male gender, can also be used as licenciare. 125Terminology | 2018 | 25 CONCLUSIONS Although the terminology of personal names is sometimes questioned, they are included in the dictionaries and this should not be considered a lack of dictionaries. Rather on the contrary – it is worth considering whether it is really justified that some personal names relevant in certain fields are not included in terminology. There are a number of different names for computers. Some of them include not only computer contextual concepts, but are added to these dictionaries, apparently because of their relevance in the field or their connections with other dictionary concepts, as well as for the purpose of translation. Some of these names may be doubtful in the computer dictionaries, but at the same time it is clear that there are missing names. Personal names are usually represented by mobile nouns, which can have both masculine and feminine genders, but it has become a tradition to include only generalized masculine forms in the dictionaries of terms. In the case of computer terminology, most of the terms used to describe individuals in the field are adverbial derivatives. It is commonly found in Lithuania, but there are also hybrids. The most developed models of suffixes -tojas and -ėjas, somewhat less commonly used Vedic suffixes with -ininkas. There are only a few derivatives that could be regarded as computational innovations, most of them are terminated or transterminated, i.e. taken from common language, taken from other fields. There are very few personal borrowings included in Lithuanian terminology only for the purpose of naming computer concepts. Most of the borrowings are used in other fields, i.e. they are not unique in the context of computing. Some borrowings in terminology are considered unpresentable, jargon, and are not welcomed into common language. In general, the loanwords are not abundant, the Lithuanian vedic ones outnumber them at least three times. MAIN SOURCES AKTŽ – Dagienė V., Jevsikova T. Explanatory Dictionary of Computing Terms, Vilnius: Vilnius University Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, 2016. ALKTŽ – Explanatory English-Lithuanian Dictionary of Computer Terms. Red. A. Kirejevas, Kaunas: Smaltija, 1997. ATTŽ – Explanatory Dictionary of Telecommunication Terms. Prepared by V. Valiukėnas, R. Sabaliauskaitė, J. Gabijūnienė, Vilnius: Lietuvos telekomas, 2004. EKŽ2 – Dagienė V., Grigas G., Jevsikova T. Encyclopedia of Computer Science. Appendix 2. leid., Vilnius: TEV, 2008. IŽ – Informatika: Lithuanian–English–Russian–German language dictionary of terms. Prepared by Z. Kudirka, A. Mačernius, K. Paulauskas, J. Riaubūnas, B. Stulpinas, D. Šveikauskienė, R. Valatkaitė, Vilnius: Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, 1997. 126 Alvydas Umbrasas | Personal names in computer dictionaries LŽ – „Linux žodynėlis“: a short, commonly used English-Lithuanian dictionary of terms. Ed. by V. Žalkauskas, Kaunas: „Smaltijos“ leidykla, 2004. Žalkauskas V. Dictionary of Modern Computer Programs and Networks, Vilnius: Institute of Science and Encyclopedia Publishing, 2003. LITTERACY AND ADDITIONAL SOURCES DLKŽ7 – Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian Language. Vyr. red. S. Keinys, 7th patais. and supplement. ed., Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 2012, electronic version, 2015 (updated version, 2017). Internet access: http://lkiis.lki.lt/current. Džežulskienė J. 2001: Personal names expressed by verb-mobile nouns (substantiva mobilia). – Acta Linguistica Lithuanica 44, 55-69. Gaivenis K. 2002: Lithuanian Terminology: Theory and Structure, Vilnius: LKI leidykla. Girčienė J. 2011: New words with accent (-)net-. – Language Culture 84, 165–177. Grigas G. 2007: Several pairs of words with similar but different meanings in computer science. – Mother Tongue 2, 3–5. Kniūkšta P. 1999: Special cases of the office language. – Language Culture 72, 16–28. KTŽ 1990: Gaivenis K., Keinys S. Dictionary of Language Terms, Kaunas: Šviesa. Lexikon 2005: Language tips 4. Lexicon: Use of borrowed words. Author and compiler D. Mikulėnienė, Vilnius: Institute of Science and Encyclopedia Publishing. LKND – Lithuanian Language New Words Database. The author and administrator is R. Miliūnaitė. Access via the Internet: http://naujazodziai.lki.lt. LKŽe – Lithuanian Language Dictionary (I–XX, 1941–2002), electronic version. Vyr. red. Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 2008. Internet access: http://www.lkz.lt. MTŽ 2005: Kvašytė R. Educational terminology dictionary, Šiauliai: Šiaulių University Press. Murmulaitytė D. 2016: New personal names in the context of construction and semantics. – Lithuanian language 10. Access via Internet: http://www.lietuviukalba.lt/index.php/lietuviu-kalba/article/view/200. Umbrasas A. 2005: Legal Terms Identifying Persons in Lithuanian Codes 1918-1940. – Terminologija 12, 107–136. VLKK – Recommendation No. 1 of the State Lithuanian Language Commission of 5 June 2003 “On the Lithuanian equivalents of some foreign words in computer science” (Information report, 2003, No. 42). 2014: Pažūsis L., Maskaliūnienė N., Darbutaitė R., Klioštoraitytė R., Mankauskienė D., Miškinienė I., Paura M. Dictionary of Translation Studies, Vilnius: Lodvila. Труфанова Н. О. 2006: Проблема номинации лиц в финансово-экономической терминологии (на материале русского и английского языков). Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата филологических наук, Москва. NAMES OF PERSONS IN DICTIONARIES OF COMPUTER SCIENCE The field of terminology research covers various concepts, but names of persons are among things which are rarely discussed in the context of terminology. It has been noted in works of Lithuanian terminologists that in general it is problematic to attribute names of persons to terminology. However, in some fields such names comprise a significant part of terminology. The assumption can be made that systems of terms naming persons are more developed in social sciences. The article deals with terms naming persons which were collected from dictionaries of computer science. An attempt is made to establish what names are covered by terminography of computer science, to analyse their form in respect of word-formation and origin (the novelty and uniqueness of terms are taken into consideration when comparing with other fields). The research shows that the majority of names of persons presented in the dictionaries of computer science are suffix derivatives, though very few of them are neologisms which have been specially created for the nominations needs of com- 127Terminologija | 2018 | 25 puter science. Most of the derivatives are taken from other fields, i.e. transterminologized. Derivatives of Lithuanian origin prevail, but hybrids are also found. Borrowings which name persons and are included in Lithuanian terminological dictionaries as terms of computer science are also rather rare. The majority of borrowings are also used in other fields, i.e. they are not unique in the context of computer science. For the purposes of translation not only terms of computer science are included in dictionaries of this field but also words and phrases from various software and other computer related contexts. As a result, not all names of persons presented in such dictionaries are true terms of computer science. The necessity to include some names of a more general nature in the dictionaries of computer science seems quite doubtful. At the same time there are names of persons which are important in the context of computer science, but they have not been included in such dictionaries and that can be treated as their shortcoming. Retrieved 2018-06-04 Alvydas Umbrasas Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania Email: [email protected]