Terminology Work in the Translation Project Process. The Hungarian Perspective

45Te minologija | 2022 | 29 doi.o g/10.35321/ e m29-03 Te minology Wo k in he T ansla ion P ojec P ocess. The Hunga ian Pe spec i e ÁGOTA FÓRIS Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y TERMIK ORCID id: h ps://o cid.o g/00000-0002-7599-0323 ABSTRACT The goal o his pape is o examine he place and ole o e minology and e - minology wo k in he ansla ion p ojec p ocess and, based on li e a u e and e e yday p ac ice, o examine he changes ele an o e minology wo k ha ha e aken place in Hunga y in ecen yea s. The me hod o analysis is a compa a i e con en analysis and desc ip i e me hod. Te minology managemen , documen managemen , and ansla ion (p ojec ) managemen a e all in e ela ed as a e all o ms o con en managemen , and e minology has a key ole in all o hem. The quali y o he sou ce ex is unda- men al o he quali y o he ansla ion, he e o e high-quali y ansla ion begins a con en c ea ion. S a ing wi h d a ing he documen a ion, he ansla ion p ojec p ocess is a ou een-s ep p ojec p ocess. Te minology wo k is p esen in mos s eps o he ansla ion p ojec p ocess in some way, and e en plays an impo an ole in s ep ze o, he c ea ion o he sou ce ex . Te minology wo k, bo h in he ansla ion p ojec p ocess and in he w i ing o documen a ion, has a numbe o egula ed p ocesses and s eps, some o which a e laid down in s an- da ds and a e also discussed in he in e na ional li e a u e on e minology, ans- la ion, and echnical communica ion. In daily p ac ice, ansla ion agencies a e inc easingly commissioned o ca y ou documen a ion wo k in addi ion o ans- la ion, edi ing, and p oo eading asks. Ne e heless, i was ound ha in Hun- ga y, in he ope a ion o ansla ion agencies and du ing he p ocess o echnical documen a ion, e minology wo k lows a e no always coo dina ed, e minology da abases a e no always used, and e minology specialis s a e a ely employed. KEYWORDS: e minology, e minology wo k, ansla ion p ojec p ocess, sou ce ex , documen a ion. Ágo a Fó is46 Te minology Wo k in he T ansla ion P ojec P ocess. The Hunga ian Pe spec i e ANOTACIJA Šio s aipsnio ikslas – išnag inė i e minologijos da bo ie ą i aidmenį e imo p ojek o p ocese i , emian is li e a ū a bei kasdiene p ak ika, išanalizuo i pas a- aisiais me ais Veng ijoje ykusius su e minologijos da bu susijusius pokyčius. Bu o a liekama lyginamoji u inio analizė i aikomas ap ašomasis me odas. Te minologijos a kyba, dokumen ų aldymas i e imo (p ojek ų) aldymas y a a pusa yje susiję: jie isi y a u inio aldymo o mos, o e minologija a lieka s a bų aidmenį. O iginalo eks o kokybė y a labai s a bi e imo kokybei, odėl kokybiškas e imas p asideda nuo u inio kū imo. Ve imo p ojek o p ocesas susideda iš ke u iolikos e apų, o p adedama nuo dokumen ų engimo. Te mi- nologija ienaip a ki aip daly auja daugelyje e imo p ojek o p oceso e apų i ne gi a lieka s a bų aidmenį nuliniame e ape, . y. ku ian o iginalų eks ą. Tiek e imo p ojek o p ocese, iek ašan dokumen us, e minologijos da bas susideda iš kelių eglamen uo ų p ocesų i e apų; kai ku ie iš jų nus a y i s anda uose i ap a i a p au inėje e minologijos, e imo i echninės komunikacijos li e a ū- oje. Kasdienėje p ak ikoje e imų biu ams is dažniau pa edama a lik i ne ik e imo, edaga imo i ko ek ū os da bus, be i da bus su dokumen ais. Visgi s ebima, kad Veng ijos e imų biu ų eikloje i engian echninę dokumen aciją e minologijos da bo s au ai ne isada koo dinuojami, e minologijos duomenų bazės ne isada naudojamos, o e minologijos specialis ai pasi elkiami e ai. ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: e minologija, e minologijos da bas, e imo p ojek o p ocesas, o iginalus eks as, dokumen acija. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. In ecen decades, ansla ion me hods and he people in ol ed in he ansla ion p ocess ha e changed signi ican ly, and he olume o ex s o ansla e has inc eased d ama ically in Hunga y and all o e he wo ld. Localisa ion and in e na ionalisa ion ha e become e en mo e impo an han be o e, and hese changes ha e esul ed in he need o a ho ough o ganisa ion and a s ong echnical backg ound o la ge ansla ion p oj- ec s, as well as he need o coo dina ed eamwo k (see Vá nai, Mészá os 2011; Wa bu on 2015, 2021; Ho á h 2016). The ope a ion o ansla ion agencies equi es a s ong echnical and IT backg ound, a p ocess-o i- en ed app oach, and he in oduc ion o p ojec managemen and quali y p ocesses. As a esul o localisa ion, he ansla ion wo k low has become agmen ed, and he ole o p ojec managemen has become e en mo e impo an han be o e. Mo eo e , ansla o s a e suppo ed by new kinds o p o essionals. Due o he complexi y o ansla ion p ojec s, ansla ion agencies wo k wi h p ojec manage s, e iewe s, e minologis s, language 47Te minologija | 2022 | 29 leads, language enginee s, DTP expe s, e c., who all ha e hei ole be o e o a e ansla o s wo k on he ex ; ansla ions a e p oduced wi h he help o compu e -assis ed ansla ion ools. The e is also a g owing end o ansla ion agencies o be commissioned o ca y ou documen a ion asks in addi ion o ansla ion, edi ing, and p oo eading. The app op ia eness o he e minology and he sui abili y o he e - minology in a ex is a majo de e minan o he quali y o he ansla ion; wha is mo e, o some specialis ex s, e minological accu acy and app o- p ia eness is he mos impo an measu e o quali y. This means ha , om he poin o iew o ansla ion wo k and he ansla ion p ojec p ocess, he ansla o mus be able o handle e minological issues and e minolo- gy managemen so wa e, bo h du ing he analysis o he sou ce ex and when p oducing he a ge language ex ; consequen ly bo h he ansla o and he ansla ion agency mus be well in o med abou he p inciples o e minology, e minological ools, and me hods (see, e.g., Ma is 2010). P oduc ion o echnical documen a ion has de eloped in o an indus y in i s own igh , which is go e ned by a ious s anda ds, laws, and egula- ions (see Bölcskei 2021b). Thei ansla ion was ini ially d i en by ac ual use needs, i.e., making he ma e ial accessible o enginee s, use s, and sales p o essionals alike. Today, echnical documen a ion, especially o use s, mus be ansla ed and made a ailable in he o icial language(s) o he coun y, in such a way ha he in o ma ion is iden ical in all languag- es and can be easily ound. Globalisa ion and he mul ilingual economic ma ke equi e echnical documen a ion o be a ailable in he languages o all coun ies whe e he p oduc o se ice is sold (see B. Papp 2021a, 2021b). Today, c ea ion o bo h he sou ce language documen a ion and a ge language documen a ion is egula ed by law and by he legisla ion o he a eas whe e he p oduc o se ice is sold. The p ocess o p oducing and ansla ing echnical documen a ion is becoming inc easingly in e wined, and he e is a g owing need o in eg a e he wo wo k lows in o an in eg a ed p ojec p ocess (see B own-Hoeks a 2010). The p ocesses o p oducing and ansla ing echnical documen- a ion a e closely linked o quali y managemen , in which e minology and e minology wo k and wo k lows play a key ole. Acco ding o Faludi (2020), he co ec design o he sou ce documen a ion and e minology managemen p ocess is no only an impo an elemen o quali y manage- men , bu also (a) simpli ies and cla i ies la e s eps in ansla ion p ojec s, Ágo a Fó is48 Te minology Wo k in he T ansla ion P ojec P ocess. The Hunga ian Pe spec i e and (b) can ha e a signi ican cos - educing e ec when using app op ia e echnical ools. T adi ionally, in li e a u e on ansla ion s udies (e.g., Klaudy 2018), he lexeme ansla ion has wo dis inc meanings: ‘p oduc ’ and ‘p ocess’. No all au ho s ag ee on wha exac ly cons i u es ansla ion and which p oduc s and p ocesses all wi hin he scope o ansla ion s udies. Since he e m “ ansla ion p ocess” is o en used o e e o he wo k done by he ansla o , o a oid ambigui y, he e he ansla ion p ocess handled by ansla ion se ice p o ide s is e e ed o as he “ ansla ion p ojec p ocess”. 1.2. The goal o his pape is o analyse e minology and he ole o e - minology wo k in he ansla ion p ojec p ocess and o discuss he chan- ges ha ha e aken place in he las decade ele an o e minology wo k in Hunga y. The me hod o he esea ch is compa a i e con en analysis, by e iewing he a ailable Hunga ian and in e na ional li e a u e and by compa ing cu en s anda ds, and he desc ip i e me hod, by desc ibing e minology wo k in documen a ion and ansla ion se ices. In he pas ew yea s, we ha e conduc ed se e al s udies ha comple- men and suppo each o he in hei opics; hese esul s o he esea ch p ojec ca ied ou in p e ious yea s a e p esen ed in Chap e 2. S eps o he ansla ion p ojec p ocess, he in eg a ion o he sou ce ex in he p ocess, he consequences o he digi al ans o ma ion, in e na ionalisa- ion, and localisa ion, and he place and ole o e minology in hese p o- cesses a e discussed in Chap e 3. 2. HUNGARIAN ASPECTS AND RESEARCH PROJECTS 2.1. Fi s , I would like o p esen he wo main o ganisa ions in he Hun- ga ian ield o e minology o illus a e he o ganisa ional backg ound o ou ac i i ies. In he nex sec ion I b ie ly summa ise he esea ch p ojec s we did. The Council o Hunga ian Te minology (MaTT, web2) was es ablished in 2005 unde he auspices o he Hunga ian UNESCO Commission. The ounding p esiden was P o esso Vilmos Voig . The ask o he Council o Hunga ian Te minology is o uni e and coo dina e e minology ac i i- ies in Hunga y and o acili a e he exchange o in o ma ion be ween e- sea che s, eache s, and p o essionals wo king in he ield o e minology. 49Te minologija | 2022 | 29 I p omo es and suppo s esea ch and educa ion in e minology and he exchange o scien i ic in o ma ion. I o ganises egula mee ings, con e - ences, book p esen a ions, and lec u e se ies on e minology. MaTT is he Hunga ian membe o ganisa ion o In o e m. The Te minology and Communica ion Resea ch G oup (TERMIK, web3) was es ablished in 2009 a he Facul y o Humani ies and Social Sciences o he Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y o he Re o med Chu ch in Hun- ga y. Teache s, s uden s, PhD s uden s, and gues esea che s ake pa in he wo k o he g oup as olun ee esea che s. The TERMIK is a membe o he Eu opean Associa ion o Te minology (EAFT). 2.2. Be ween 2018 and 2021, he TERMIK conduc ed esea ch on he lin- guis ic aspec s o documen a ion, con en de elopmen , and echnical w i- ing wi hin he amewo k o he p ojec called “The Hunga ian Language and P o essional Cul u e. Hunga ian Linguis ic Resea ch in he Fields o Con en De elopmen and Technical Documen a ion”. The issues o con en de elopmen , documen a ion, and echnical w i - ing a e ela ed o linguis ic esea ch in many espec s, especially in ega d o e minology, ansla ion, and ex linguis ic esea ch. Addi ionally, he esul s and esea ch me hods o linguis ics ha e p ac ical applica ions in hese ields. When we launched his p ojec , we had h ee main goals: o examine (1) he ela ionship be ween con en de elopmen , documen a ion, echni- cal w i ing, and linguis ics, (2) he ole o linguis ics in he documen a ion p ocess, and (3) he possibili ies o linguis ic esea ch in hese a eas. We ocused p ima ily on he ela ionship o hese disciplines o e minology, specialized ex s and ansla ion. We we e also in e es ed in he e mino- logical and communica i e-p agma ic aspec s o p o essional communica- ion and he p ocesses in ol ed. As a esul o his esea ch p ojec , we published wo olumes o se- lec ed pape s in Hunga ian. In he i s olume (Fó is, Bölcskei 2019), we ocused p ima ily on esea ch ela ed o e minology, ansla ion, ex analysis, and s anda diza ion, as well as hei ele ance o highe educa ion in connec ion wi h documen a ion, con en de elopmen , and echnical w i ing. In he second olume (Fó is, Bölcskei 2021a), we e lec ed on he changed en i onmen o echnical communica ion, he p ocesses (e.g., in- dus ial, business, se ice, documen a ion), and legal and s anda disa ion Ágo a Fó is50 Te minology Wo k in he T ansla ion P ojec P ocess. The Hunga ian Pe spec i e backg ounds. The au ho s also del ed in o he ypological, seman ic, lex- ical, and spelling ea u es o echnical ex s in he ields o echnical and medical documen a ion. We a e hoping o make ou wo k accessible o in e na ional eade s as well, and he e o e we ansla ed selec ed pape s om hese wo publica ions and compiled a olume in English (Fó is, Bölcskei 2021b). This olume has h ee sec ions: sec ion one con ains s udies on echnical communica ion, sec ion wo is abou documen a ion, e minology, and ansla ion, and sec ion h ee deals wi h echnical ex s. Issues o con en de elopmen , documen a ion, and echnical w i ing a e closely ela ed o he ield o e minology, gi en he signi ican ole e ms play in language o speci ic pu poses (LSP). I ha e de eloped an in e es in he in e connec edness o hese ields wi h e minology, s a ing wi h he es ablishmen o he Mas e ’s p og amme in Te minology and ins i u ional, g adua e-le el eaching o e minology a he Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y (KRE) ( o mo e on his, see: Fó is 2014). Be ween 2011 and 2018, 41 s uden s g adua ed wi h a mas e ’s deg ee in e minology. Un o - una ely, despi e he success ul acc edi a ion and i s success, his indepen- den aining p og amme was discon inued by he Minis y esponsible o highe educa ion and we ha e no been able o elaunch i . Howe e , we will be able o launch a specialisa ion ‘Applied linguis ics ( echnical w i ing, e minology and con en managemen )’ in a di e en o m, as a specialisa ion o he Mas e ’s p og amme in Hunga ian Language and Li e a u e om 2023. 2.3. Be ween 2018 and 2020, he In e cul u al Resea ch G oup and T ans- la ion Wo kshop (web1) o he Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y conduc ed esea ch on ansla ion and e minology wi hin he amewo k o he sub-p ojec “Rela ionship o T ansla ion and Te minology. The Role o Te minology in In e cul u al T ans e ”. As an ou come o he esea ch p ojec , a book was published in Hunga ian (Fó is 2020), which was subsequen ly ans- la ed in o English (Fó is 2022). The book discusses he ela ionship be- ween ansla ion and e minology and be ween heo y and p ac ice in he con ex o esea ch and expe ise; i e iews and desc ibes he ela ionship be ween ansla ion and e minology and explo es he ole o e minology and e minology da abases in he ansla ion p ocess. The PhD hesis o And ea Faludi (2020) is closely linked o his opic, as i aimed o exa- mine he ansla ion and documen a ion p ocesses om a p ojec -based 51Te minologija | 2022 | 29 pe spec i e and o de e mine he place and ole o e minology wo k in hese p ocesses, o p esen he daily p ac ice o Hunga ian ansla ion agencies and echnical w i e s, and o compa e heo y and p ac ice. 2.4. “Te minology is a o m o con en , and o his eason, e minology managemen is a o m o con en managemen ” (Wa bu on 2021: 74). Today, con en de elopmen and -managemen a e la ge and p o i able se - ice sec o s: om la ge digi al co po a ions o small and medium-sized en e p ises, many companies a e in ol ed in con en c ea ion and con en managemen . Fo linguis s, he ques ion is whe e and a wha poin lin- guis ics can become in ol ed in con en de elopmen . One possible line o esea ch is s udying he p ocess i sel : he w i ing p ocess, he sequence o s eps, he pa icipan s, he e minological p epa- a ion o ex s, and he c ea ion and managemen o linguis ic da abases (e.g., e minology da abases). The s anda ds and s yle guides o w i ing echnical ex s a e la gely conce ned wi h he p ocess o c ea ing he ex and p o iding guidelines. The o he line o esea ch is s udying he “linguis ic p oduc ”: he cha - ac e is ics o he ex s p oduced, how he a ge audience impac s he ype o ex , and he linguis ic cha ac e is ics o each gen e and ype o ex . F om he linguis ic poin o iew, echnical ex s can be analysed using he same me hods ha a e used when s udying gene al language ex s: om he lexical, s ylis ic, seman ic (e.g. use o me apho , me onymy), and ex- ual and communica i e-p agma ic poin s o iew. We can s udy monolin- gual ex s as well as ex s p oduced o ansla ed in o se e al languages. In he con ex o desc ip i e linguis ic esea ch, we app oach ex s and hei cha ac e is ics om a a ie y o pe spec i es beyond he adi ional soci- olinguis ic app oach, including communica i e-p agma ic, ex linguis ic, lexico- e minological, and unc ional cogni i e app oaches. Ano he line o esea ch is he choice o language o specialised ex s. Typically, LSP ex s a e w i en in English and a e hen ansla ed om he English sou ce ex s in o o he languages. English is he e o e he p ima y language o echnical w i ing, especially a mul ina ional com- panies. Howe e , no all sou ce ex s a e w i en in English. Fo example, many sou ce ex s a e also w i en in F ench, and i is no uncommon o ex s o be ew i en in o he languages ins ead o being ansla ed (Kóbo 2021). I is common o some ex s o be c ea ed in se e al languages in Ágo a Fó is52 Te minology Wo k in he T ansla ion P ojec P ocess. The Hunga ian Pe spec i e he i s place, o o be w i en in he sou ce language (o en English) – no necessa ily by na i e speake s – and la e o simul aneously ansla ed in o o he languages. Typically, he e is no in o ma ion abou whe he he ex s p oduced his way we e w i en by na i e o non-na i e au ho s, and i is no always clea which language was he sou ce (o o iginal) language. W i e s o sou ce language ex s should w i e in a way ha can be easily and e ec i ely ansla ed (localised) in o o he languages; in o he wo ds, hey mus in e na ionalise he sou ce ex . Mo eo e , ansla o s o ex s need o ha e a ho ough knowledge o he cha ac e is ics o he gi en ype o ex s in he a ge language. Ideally, he people in he company, p o ession, o discipline conce ned make su e ha he e minology used in ex s in di e en languages is consis en by c ea ing a e minology da abase ha can suppo he codi i- ca ion and dissemina ion o e ms. Examples o his a e usually ound in p o essions whe e he key issue is o ensu e ha expe s can collabo a e quickly and wi hou loss o in o ma ion (as in he case o ae onau ical p oj- ec s, see Ei o B un 2016) du ing complex p ojec s whe e he pa icipan s may be geog aphically dis an om one ano he . The c ea ion and use o e minology da abases a e equally impo an in e e yday wo k and e- sea ch as documen a ion is usually ansla ed in o o he languages no by esea che s o o he p o essionals bu by ansla o s. They o en ha e li le o no knowledge o he scien i ic o echnical ield in ques ion because hey a e no pa o i s discou se communi y; he e o e, ansla o s o en equi e a e minology da abase o he speci ic language o u ilise in o de o comple e hei wo k. 3. TERMINOLOGY IN THE TRANSLATION PROJECT PROCESS 3.1. The ansla ion p ojec p ocess Szondy (2016) di ides he ansla ion p ocess in o i e majo pa s: 1. Launch ( eques o a quo a ion; ask speci ica ions, collec ing in o ma- ion; p icing, p ice quo e); 2. Planning (scheduling; planning he p ojec s eps, se ing deadlines); 3. P epa a ion (p epa ing he iles; adding e e- ences, p epa ing he e minology; c ea ing he p ojec in he CAT ool); 4. T ansla ion (using ansla ion memo y o p e- ansla e he ile; ans- la ion; decisions on e minology, esea ch; e iew, e i ica ion); 5. Closu e (sel -check; pos -p oduc ion, edi ing and DTP; p epa ing iles o sign-o , handing o e he iles o he clien ). 53Te minologija | 2022 | 29 In in e na ional and Hunga ian li e a u e, some au ho s (e.g., Ho á h 2011; Mohácsi-Go o e 2014) ha e so a e iewed and examined he en i e ansla ion p ojec p ocess. Meanwhile, he majo i y o au ho s ocus on indi idual s eps in he p ocess, he mos equen ly examined phases being he p epa a ion, he ac ual ansla ion, and he p oo eading p ocesses. A ansla ion p ojec p ocess in he p ac ice has 10–15 s eps. The s anda d EN ISO 17100:2015/AMD 1:2017 “T ansla ion se ices – Requi emen s o ansla ion se ices – Amendmen 1”, which was also in oduced in Hunga y (MSZ EN ISO 17100:2019), summa ises he minimum equi e- men s o ansla ion se ices. As Faludi (2020) poin ed ou in he PhD hesis, he ISO s anda d does no co e all he s eps used in in e na ional p ac ice, no is he e a uni o m in e p e a ion o he ansla ion p ojec p ocess in he li e a u e. In o he wo ds, he e is no uni o m de ini ion o he ansla ion p ojec p ocess o quali y managemen o ansla ion se ices. Faludi based he esea ch in he complex ansla ion p ojec p ocess on he quali y managemen sys em o a Hunga ian ansla ion agency and he ac ual ISO s anda d. In he wo k, he ansla ion p ojec p ocess was di ided in o hi een (13) s eps. She summa ised he s eps o he ansla ion p ojec p ocess and pu he linguis ic and e minological asks in ol ed in each p ojec s ep in a able (Table 1). The s eps ha a e discussed om a linguis ic poin o iew in he li e a u e, such as ansla ion and bilingual e iew, a e no de ailed. Table 1. Linguis ic and e minological asks in he s eps o a ansla ion p ojec (Sou ce: Fó is 2022: 93, he o iginal in Hunga ian: Faludi 2020: 69–70.) STEPS OF THE PROJECT LINGUISTIC AND TERMINOLOGICAL TASKS 1. p ojec p epa a ion • analysing he sou ce ex • p epa ing e minology • p epa ing/selec ing he TM and TB • making a s yle guide • su eying o he a ailable sou ces • selec ing pa icipan s o he p ojec (a e spe- ci ying he sub-domain) 2. ile p epa a ion • iden i ying he con en o ansla e • de ining he ansla ion uni 3. ansla ion see li e a u e Ágo a Fó is60 Te minology Wo k in he T ansla ion P ojec P ocess. The Hunga ian Pe spec i e e minology da abases, and hei ca ego isa ion and possible e alua ion c i e ia; e.g., Tamás and Se mann (2019) sha ed a amewo k o e alua ion c i e ia. O he s udies p esen he cons uc ion o a speci ic e minolo- gy da abase o ansla o s in de ail. Examples include he cons uc ion o an English–Hunga ian da abase o he e minology o lase physics (Fó is, B. Papp 2015), o he cons uc ion o he OFFI’s (Hunga ian O - ice o T ansla ion and A es a ion) e minology da abase, called IUSTe m (Tamás 2020). Faludi (2020, 2021) used in e iews wi h Hunga ian ansla ion se ice p o ide s and echnical w i e s o s udy he ole o he echnical documen- a ion p ocess and e minology wo k in he complex p ocess o p oducing and ansla ing documen a ion. She examined whe he he e was an ac- cep ed p ac ice in he managemen and ansla ion o documen a ion and in e minology managemen in he p ac ice o ansla ion agencies. Da a on he p ac ice o e minology wo k we e collec ed in he o m o s uc- u ed in e iews, i.e., based on p e- o mula ed ques ions. The in e iews we e conduc ed wi h echnical w i e s and ansla ion se ice p o ide s wo king in he Hunga ian ma ke . The main indings o he in e iews we e as ollows: –“The in e iews e ealed ha e minology managemen p ocesses and he use o e minology da abases ha e no ye become com- mon p ac ice in ansla ion se ice p o ide s o in he p epa a ion o documen a ion. This is so despi e he ac ha s anda ds and he li e a u e d aw a en ion o he need o and he bene i s o e mi- nology wo k bo h in documen managemen and he ansla ion p ocess. – The in e iews conduc ed showed ha e minology wo k is con- side ed impo an , bu he e is no consensus on i s ci cums ances and condi ions. Acco ding o some esponden s, e minology wo k is only needed i ansla ion is pa o he documen a ion p ojec , while o he s belie e ha he e minology da abase is only used o include o bidden e ms. Bu he e a e also examples o e minology wo k being implemen ed in a e y ad anced and egula ed manne , and he e minology da abase being widely accessible o documen a- ion w i e s, ansla o s and o he language p o essionals. […] – Te minology wo k and e minology managemen , ega dless o he le el o sophis ica ion o he p ocess, is a sha ed ac i i y in he ields 61Te minologija | 2022 | 29 o ansla ion se ices and echnical w i ing. Only a ely do ech- nical w i e s and ansla o s use he same, sha ed e mbase o wo k on i oge he . A mos , e minology managemen is only pa o he job o echnical w i e s, and he same applies o ansla ion se ice p o ide s (i.e. e minology wo k is sca e ed h oughou he p ocess and he companies ypically do no employ a dedica ed pe son o manage e minology wo k lows). – None o he esponding echnical w i e s ha e a ole in moni o ing he p oduc ion p ocess and quali y o a ge language ansla ions, and ansla ion se ice p o ide s do no ha e a designa ed pe son ei- he o p ocessing he sou ce ex , ei he in e ms o e minology o o he quali y- ela ed ac o s (e.g. spelling). I is likely ha commu- nica ion e o s on bo h sides esul om his issue. The p epa a ion o he sou ce ex is o pa icula in e es , as he e is a gene al con- sensus among ansla ion se ice p o ide s ha he mos impo an pa o e minology wo k is he p epa a ion o he sou ce ex , and ha his is he main eason why hey unde s and he impo ance o employing a e minologis . Ne e heless, i is clea om he da a abo e ha he sou ce ex is no equen ly p epa ed. […] – Ano he no ewo hy inding is ha , acco ding o he in e iew e- sponses, echnical w i e s a e mo e awa e o he impo ance, me h- odology and ole o e minology wo k and e minology managemen han ansla ion agencies. This is p obably due o he ac ha ech- nical w i e s a e mo e likely o be employed by la ge in e na ional companies, whe e e minology managemen is clea ly mo e de el- oped, han by SMEs [subjec -ma e expe s] wo king in he Hun- ga ian ma ke ” (Faludi 2021: 219–220). The abo e shows ha e minology wo k, bo h in he ansla ion p ojec p ocess and in he w i ing o documen a ion, has a numbe o egula ed p ocesses and s eps, some o which a e laid down in s anda ds and a e also discussed in he e minology, ansla ion, and echnical communica ion li e a u e. Ne e heless, in he ope a ion o ansla ion agencies and du ing he p ocess o echnical documen a ion, e minology wo k lows a e no always coo dina ed, e minology da abases a e no always used, and e mi- nology specialis s a e a ely employed. Ágo a Fó is62 Te minology Wo k in he T ansla ion P ojec P ocess. The Hunga ian Pe spec i e 4. CONCLUSION In summa y, we can conclude ha e minology managemen , documen managemen , and ansla ion (p ojec ) managemen a e all o ms o con- en managemen . Te minology has a key ole in each ype o con en de- elopmen and managemen p ocess. The li e a u e on e minology widely discusses documen a ion and i s main ypes: echnical w i ing, echnical ansla ion, and echnical documen a ion. The key o being unambiguous and p o essional depends on app op ia e, accu a e, and consis en use o e minology. Documen a ion and ansla ion p ojec p ocesses a ec each o he , and, in alignmen wi h B own-Hoeks a (2010), i is necessa y o in- eg a e documen a ion and ansla ion p ocesses in he u u e. The e o e, he ansla ion p ojec p ocess needs o include a s ep ze o (c ea ion o he sou ce ex , i.e., p epa ing documen a ion), and e minology wo k is p e- sen in mos s eps o he ansla ion p ojec p ocess in some way, s a ing om his s ep ze o. In daily p ac ice, ansla ion agencies in Hunga y a e inc easingly com- missioned o ca y ou documen a ion wo k in addi ion o ansla ion, edi ing, and p oo eading asks. The p ocess o c ea ing high-quali y mul- ilingual documen a ion s a s wi h in e na ionalisa ion, whe e he sou ce ex is w i en o adap ed o make i sui able o ansla ion. Howe e , du ing he p ocess o echnical documen a ion and he ope a ion o ans- la ion agencies, e minology wo k lows a e no always coo dina ed and e minology da abases a e no always used. Use s like o ind in o ma ion in hei own language; he e o e, echni- cal documen a ion, especially a ge ed a use s, should be ansla ed in o he o icial language(s) o he coun y and made a ailable in mic o ex s in a way ha he in o ma ion is he same in all languages and can be easily e ie ed. This explains why he ole o echnical documen a ion has e- cen ly become mo e impo an : globalisa ion and a mul ilingual economic ma ke equi e echnical documen a ion o be a ailable in all he languag- es in which he p oduc o se ice is ma ke ed. Final no e: This esea ch was suppo ed by he p ojec i led “Rela ionship o T ansla ion and Te minology. The Role o Te minology in In e cul u al T ans e ” by he Facul y o Humani ies and Social Sciences o he Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y o he Re o med Chu ch in Hunga y. 63Te minologija | 2022 | 29 SOURCES EN ISO 17100:2015/AMD 1:2017 T ansla ion se ices – Requi emen s o ansla ion se ices – Amendmen 1. ISO 12616-1:2021 Te minology wo k in suppo o mul ilingual communica ion – Pa 1: Fundamen als o ansla ion-o ien ed e minog aphy. MSZ EN ISO 17100:2019 EV Fo dí ási szolgál a ások. Fo dí ási szolgál a ások kö e elményei (ISO 17100:2015 + Amd 1:2017) EGYESÍTETT VÁLTOZAT. web1 = In e cul u al Resea ch G oup and T ansla ion Wo kshop a he Facul y o Humani ies and Social Sciences a he KRE. A ailable a : h ps://b k.k e.hu/index.php/in e kul u alis-ku a ocsopo -es- o di omuhely.h ml [accessed July 20, 2022]. web2 = MaTT (Council o Hunga ian Te minology). A ailable a : www.ma .hu [accessed July 20, 2022]. web3 = Te minology and Communica ion Resea ch G oup (TERMIK) a he Facul y o Humani ies and Social Sciences a he KRE. A ailable a : h ps://b k.k e.hu/index.php/2015-12-05-09-31-20/ ka iku a ocsopo ok/824- e minologiai-ku a ocsopo - e mik.h ml [accessed July 20, 2022]. SOURCES – PUBLICATIONS OF TERMIK AND THE INTERCULTURAL RESEARCH GROUP Fó is Ágo a, Bölcskei And ea (eds.) 2019: Dokumen áció, a alom ejlesz és és szakí ás, Budapes : KRE – L’Ha ma an. Fó is Ágo a, Bölcskei And ea (eds.) 2021a: Ta alom ejlesz és és dokumen áció. Nyel észe i ona kozások, Budapes : KRE – L’Ha ma an. Fó is Ágo a, Bölcskei And ea (eds.) 2021b: Linguis ic Resea ch in he Fields o Con en De elopmen and Documen a ion, Budapes /Pa is: KRE – L’Ha ma an. Fó is Ágo a 2020: Fo dí ás és e minológia. Elméle és gyako la , Budapes : KRE – L’Ha ma an. Fó is Ágo a 2022: T ansla ion and Te minology. Theo y and P ac ice in Hunga y, Budapes /Pa is: KRE – L’Ha ma an. REFERENCES Bölcskei And ea 2021a: P ac ices in Technical Communica ion and he La es Challenges. – Linguis ic Resea ch in he Fields o Con en De elopmen and Documen a ion, eds. Á. Fó is, A. Bölcskei, Budapes / Pa is: KRE – L’Ha ma an, 75–94. Bölcskei And ea 2021b: Wha Do Technical W i e s Do and Wha Do They Lea n? – Linguis ic Resea ch in he Fields o Con en De elopmen and Documen a ion, eds. Á. Fó is, A. Bölcskei, Budapes /Pa is: KRE – L’Ha ma an, 95–118. B. Papp Esz e 2021a: P o essional Documen a ion in he 21s Cen u y. – Linguis ic Resea ch in he Fields o Con en De elopmen and Documen a ion, eds. Á. Fó is, A. Bölcskei, Budapes /Pa is: KRE – L’Ha ma an, 41–58. B. Papp Esz e 2021b: Documen a ion 4.0. – Linguis ic Resea ch in he Fields o Con en De elopmen and Documen a ion, eds. Á. Fó is, A. Bölcskei, Budapes /Pa is: KRE – L’Ha ma an, 59–74. B own-Hoeks a Ki 2010: How documen a ion and ansla ion p ocesses a ec each o he . – Tcwo ld magazine 10. A ailable a : h ps://www. cwo ld.in o/e-magazine/ ansla ion-and-localiza ion/how- documen a ion-and- ansla ion-p ocesses-a ec -each-o he -126/ [accessed 20 Augus , 2022]. Cab é Ma ia Te esa 1999: Te minology. Theo y, me hods and applica ions, Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Cadieux Pie e, Esselink Be 2004: GILT: Globaliza ion, In e na ionaliza ion, Localiza ion, T ansla ion. – Globaliza ion Inside XI(1.5), 1–5. Czinkóczki Ágnes, Fehé Ildikó 2021: How is Technical Con en C ea ed? The Li ecycle o Technical Documen a ion. – Linguis ic Resea ch in he Fields o Con en De elopmen and Documen a ion, eds. Á. Fó is, A. Bölcskei, Budapes /Pa is: KRE – L’Ha ma an, 119–135. Ei o B un Rica do 2016: Design o an On ologies o he Exchange o So wa e Enginee ing Da a in he Ae ospace Indus y. – Knowledge Enginee ing and Seman ic Web 649, eds. A. C. Ngonga Ngomo, P. Křemen (Communica ions in Compu e and In o ma ion Science, 649), Cham, Sp inge , 3–17. Ágo a Fó is64 Te minology Wo k in he T ansla ion P ojec P ocess. The Hunga ian Pe spec i e Ei o B un Rica do 2020: Te minology as he Basis o Building Enginee ing Fea u e-based Models. – Te minologija 27, 186–200. DOI: doi.o g/10.35321/ e m27-08. Faludi And ea 2020: A e minológiai munka helye és sze epe a dokumen ációkészí és és - o dí ás komplex olyama ában: PhD hesis, Budapes : ELTE. Faludi And ea 2021: Te minology Wo k in he P ocess o Technical W i ing and T ansla ion. – Linguis ic Resea ch in he Fields o Con en De elopmen and Documen a ion, eds. Á. Fó is, A. Bölcskei, Budapes / Pa is: KRE – L’Ha ma an, 203–225. Fó is Ágo a, B. Papp Esz e 2015: C ea ing an English-Hunga ian Te mbase o Lase Physics. The Dic ionELI. – Te minologija 22, 26–38. Fó is Ágo a, Faludi And ea 2021: Technical W i ing and Documen a ion as In alingual Technical T ansla ion. – Linguis ic Resea ch in he Fields o Con en De elopmen and Documen a ion, eds. Á. Fó is, A. Bölcskei, Budapes /Pa is: KRE – L’Ha ma an. 157–176. Fó is Ágo a 2014: Te minology and LSP in highe educa ion in Hunga y. – Te minology – esponsibili y and awa eness, ed. J. Hoel (Te minologen No. 2 – Te minologi ans a og be iss he ), Oslo: Sp ak ade , 90–100. A ailable a : h p://ea -ae .ne / ileadmin/ iles/EAFT_Summi _2012/P oceedings_ EAFTSummi 2012.pd . Gouadec Daniel 2002: T aduc ion, e minologie, édac ion. – Colloque in e na ional 2001 su la aduc ion specialisée. Uni e si é de Rennes 2, Pa is: La Maison du Dic ionnai e. Ho á h Ildikó (ed.) 2016: The Mode n T ansla o and In e p e e , Budapes : ELTE Eö ös. Ho á h Pé e I án 2011: A szak o dí ások lek o álása. Elméle és gyako la , Budapes : Tin a. Kóbo Má a 2021: Fea u es o Tex s on Websi es and Cha ac e is ics o Thei T ansla ion. – Linguis ic Resea ch in he Fields o Con en De elopmen and Documen a ion, eds. Á. Fó is, A. Bölcskei, Budapes / Pa is: KREc – L’Ha ma an, 177–202. Ma is Nancy 2010: Te minology Managemen du ing T ansla ion P ojec s: P o essional Tes imony. Linguacul u e 1(1), 107–115. DOI: doi:10.47743/lincu-2010-1-0226. Mohácsi-Go o e Anna 2014: A minőség ogalma a o dí ás udományban és a lek o álás min minőségbiz osí ási ga ancia: PhD hesis, Budapes : ELTE. Snopek Má a 2016: Localisa ion. – The Mode n T ansla o and In e p e e , ed. I. Ho á h, Budapes : ELTE Eö ös, 113−122. S eu s F ieda, De Wa he Ken, De Malsche E y 2015: Te minology ools. – Handbook o Te minology I, eds. H. J. Kockae , F. S eu s, Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 222–249. Szondy Melinda 2016: F eelance T ansla o s as Se ice P o ide s. – The Mode n T ansla o and In e p e e , ed. I. Ho á h, Budapes : ELTE Eö ös, 29–43. Tamás Dó a Má ia 2014: Gazdasági szakszö egek o dí ásának e minológiai ké dései ől, Budapes : ELTE BTK Fo dí ó- és Tolmácsképző Tanszék. Tamás Dó a Má ia 2020: Az OFFI Z . e ékenységének és e minológiai p ojek jeinek bemu a ása. – Nyel , kul ú a, iden i ás. Alkalmazo nyel észe i ku a ások a 21. századi in o mációs é ben: I. Te minológia, lexikog á ia, o dí ás, eds. Á. Fó is, A. Bölcskei, Budapes : Akadémiai Kiadó. DOI: 10.1556/9789634545354, h ps://me sz.hu. Tamás Dó a Má ia, Se mann Esz e 2019: E alua ion Sys em o Online Te minological Da abases. – Te minologija 26, 24–46. DOI: doi.o g/10.35321/ e m26-02. Vá nai Judi Szil ia, Mészá os And ea É a 2011: Fo dí ókalauz, Budapes : Tin a. Wa bu on Ka a 2015: Managing e minology in comme cial en i onmen s. – Handbook o Te minology I, eds. H. J. Kockae , F. S eu s, Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 360–392. Wa bu on Ka a 2021: The Co po a e Te minologis , Ams e dam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 65Te minologija | 2022 | 29 TERMINOLOGIJOS DARBAS VERTIMO PROJEKTO PROCESE. VENGRIJOS ASPEKTAI San auka Šio s aipsnio ikslas – išnag inė i e minologijos da bo ie ą bei aidmenį e imo p ojek o p ocese i , emian is li e a ū a bei kasdiene p ak ika, išanalizuo i pas a ųjų me ų pokyčius, susijusius su e minologijos da bu. Bu o a liekama lyginamoji u inio analizė i aikomas ap ašomasis me odas. Te minologijos a kyba, dokumen ų aldymas i e imo (p ojek ų) aldymas y a a pusa yje susiję: jie isi y a u inio aldymo o mos, o e minologija a lieka s a bų aidmenį. O iginalo eks o kokybė y a labai s a bi e imo kokybei, odėl kokybiškas e imas p asideda nuo u inio kū imo. Ve imo p ojek o p ocesas susideda iš ke u io- likos e apų, o p adedama nuo dokumen ų engimo. Vienaip a ki aip e minologijos da bas daly auja daugelyje e imo p ojek o p oceso e apų i ne gi a lieka s a bų ai- dmenį nuliniame e ape, . y. ku ian o iginalo eks ą. Tiek e imo p ojek o p ocese, iek ašan dokumen us, e minologijos da bas susideda iš kelių eglamen uo ų p ocesų i e apų; kai ku ie iš jų nus a y i s anda uose i ap a i a p au inėje e minologijos, e imo i echninės komunikacijos li e a ū oje. Kasdienėje p ak ikoje e imų biu- ams is dažniau pa edama a lik i ne ik e imo, edaga imo i ko ek ū os da bus, be i da bus su dokumen ais. Visgi e imų biu ų eikloje i engian echninę doku- men aciją e minologijos da bo s au ai ne isada koo dinuojami, e minologijos duo- menų bazės ne isada naudojamos, o e minologijos specialis ai pasi elkiami e ai. Gau a 2022-10-31 Ágo a Fó is Ká oli Gáspá Uni e si y TERMIK 1146 Budapes , Dózsa Gyö gy ú 25–27. (Hunga y) E-mail o is.ago a@k e.hu