Eponiminiai aprangos terminai „Aiškinamajame aprangos terminų žodyne“

122 Eponymous dress terms Aiškinamajame aprangos terminų žodyne Aušra RimkutėGanusauskienė doi.org/10.35321/term30-6 Eponymous dress terms Glossary of Clothing Terms Eponymous Clothing Terms in Explanatory Dictionary of Clothing Terms AUŠRA RIMKUTĖ-GANUSAUSKIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas ORCID id: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-7333 ANNOTATION The article examines eponymous clothing terms found in the Explanatory Dictionary of Clothing Terms (2014) prepared by Stanislovas Algimantas Ratautas, Eugenija Strazdiene and Ada Gulbinienė. Based on the works of Lithuanian and foreign linguists, the concept of eponym and eponymous term is discussed, the most common shortcomings and advantages of eponymous terms are mentioned. It is gos terminai yra gana reti, tačiau jie papildo aprangos terminiją ir yra labai svarconcluded that although eponymous clothing, in some cases – the only names of the concepts of clothing. Most of the clothing terms of anthroponymic and toponymic origin were found. The term is derived from the masculine form of the name. The term is commonly used in non-commercial contexts. KEY WORDS: eponymous term, eponym, dress term, metonymy, onomatopoeia. ABSTRACT The article examines the eponymous clothing terms found in Aiškinamasis aprangos terminų žodynas (2014; Explanatory Dictionary of Clothing Terms) prepared by Stanislovas Algimantas Ratautas, Eugenija Strazdienė, and Ada Gulbinienė. Based on the works of Lithuanian and foreign linguists, the concept of eponym and eponymous term is discussed, the most common disadvantages and advantages of eponymous terms are mentioned. It is concluded that although eponymous clothing terms are relatively rare, they complement clothing terminology and are very important: in some cases, they are the only names for clothing concepts. The largest number of eponymous clothing terms found are based on anthroponyms in the following fields: 123Terminologija | 2023 | 30 and toponyms. Terms derived from male surnames predominate. Eponymous clothing terms are full-fledged terms alongside non-eponymous terms. KEYWORDS: eponymous term, eponym, clothing term, metonymisation, onymus. ĮVADAS Pastaraisiais metais įvairių sričių eponiminiai terminai sulaukia lietuvių kalbininkų susidomėjimo. Kazimieras Gaivenis mini eponiminius chemijos (Gaivenis 2014 [1993]: 383; [1996]: 227), technikos (Gaivenis 2014 [1994]: 392), Angelė Kaulakienė – eponymous physics terms (Kaulakienė 2009: 69), Nijolė Litevkienė examines eponymous anatomy terms (Litevkienė 2006; 2010), Laimutė Kitkauskienė – eponymous architecture, art and construction terms (Kitkauskienė 2011), the transformation of onimis (real words) into eponymous terms is discussed by Jurgita Mikelionienė (2017). However, detailed research on the phenomenon of eponymy in Lithuanian terminology is still lacking. The transformation of a proper word into an eponymous term as a source of terminology in a particular field is discussed in the works of foreign scholars much more often. Articles on eponyms and eponymous terms have been published by Latvian linguists Baiba Bankava (2011b; 2013), Ojārs Bušs (2013). In 2011 B. Bankava (2011a) defended her dissertation Eponīmi latviešu valodā: lingvistiskais aspekts (Eponims in Latvian language: linguistic aspect), which also mentions eponymous terms used in various fields. Linda Pietė (2007) and Linda Kurmiņa (2010) investigate Lithuanian and Latvian eponymous plant names, Pavelas Nečas and Petras Hejna examine eponymous terms in forensic medicine (Nečas, Hejna 2012), Eva Schwarzová – eponymous terms in physics, chemistry and medicine (Schwarzová 2012). 2013), Judyta Mężyk – eponymous dance terms (Mężyk 2020), etc. In addition to articles, lexicographical sources are also important. In 2015, a dictionary of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Eponyms: Symptoms and Syndromes, prepared by Mindia and David Kasradzius, was published in Lithuanian. The aforementioned B. Bankava is the author of two dictionaries of Latvian eponyms: Eponīmu vārdnīca (Riga, 2007) and Jaunā eponīmu vārdnīca (Riga, 2012). There are eponime dictionaries in other languages, e.g. : Cyril Leslie Beeching’s A Dictionary of Eponyms (1988), Morton S. Freeman’s A New Dictionary of Eponyms (2002), Władysław Kopaliński’s Słownik eponimów czyli wyrazów odimiennych (2008) and others. The object of this article is the eponymous dress terms recorded in the Explanatory Dictionary of Dress Terms by Stanislovas Algimantas Ratautas, Eugenija Strazdiene and Ada 124 Eponymous dress terms Aiškinamajame aprangos terminų žodyne Aušra RimkutėGanusauskienė Gulbinienė (2014). They are discussed in the article in order to reveal the main factors determining the emergence of eponymous terms in the field of clothing. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are presented: 1) theoretically explain the concept of eponymous term; 2) to discuss the eponymous clothing terms found in the source, which have not been examined by Lithuanian terminologists, according to the relation of the names to the named objects; 3) to determine the place of eponymous dress terms in the dress term system. Thus, the object of the study can be analyzed in two dimensions: theoretical and practical, thus highlighting the most common causes of the emergence of eponymous clothing terms, their role and significance in the system of clothing terms. When examining eponymous clothing terms, analytical descriptive and comparative methods are applied. It is likely that this study will be relevant not only for clothing studies specialists, but also for translators, editors and others who are faced with the question of choosing clothing terms or usage in general. EPONIMINIO TERMINO SAMPRATA Lietuvių kalbotyroje terminas eponimas (gr. eponymos – suteikiantis kam though his name) is used rarely. In international dictionaries, it is referred to as "the name of a person or thing by which something is named" (TŽZ 2001: 213; 2013: 231). The dictionary of terms of Kalbartyra prepared by Kazimieras Gaivenis and Stasys Keinys defines it differently: an eponym is considered to be a "place name of personal noun origin" (Gaivenis, Keinys 1990: 59). As you can see, the concepts presented in the dictionaries differ slightly. In the first case, an eponym is the name by which a shoe is named, for example, high-heeled shoes are called manolas after the name of the Spanish shoe designer Manolo Blahnik. Thus, the name Manolo (real word) is considered an eponym. In the second case, an eponime is a place name (real word) derived from a real word (first name, surname, nickname, etc.) that refers to a person, for example, the name of the place Giedraičiai derived from the surname Giedraitis, i.e. the word considered an eponime is the result of marriage. J. Mikelionienė calls eponyms such actual words “which become terms” (Mikelionienė 2017: 127). Based on this concept, it can be seen that the researcher focuses not on the actual word itself, which is considered an eponym, but on the appellation, i.e. the process when the actual word becomes a term. When analyzing the concept of eponym in the works of foreign linguists, it was noted that there is no single clear concept of eponym. David Crystal states that an eponym is “the name of the person after whom something is named 125Terminology | 2023 | 30 (e.g., invention or location), name; also called an appellative’ (Crystal 2008: 173). Thus, its definition is consistent with that given in the international dictionaries of words, as well as in the Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache (DWDS; see Table 1) and the Dictionary of Literary Terms. (EN; see ibid.). The Oxford learner’s dictionary defines eponime in the Cambridge Dictionary komas „asmuo ar daiktas arba asmens ar daikto pavadinimas, nuo kurio pavadinta vieta, išradimas, atradimas ir pan.“ (OLD; žr. 1 lentelę). Kembriin a similarly ambiguous way, i.e. it is both the thing or person itself and the name of the thing or person: “the name of an object or activity which is also the name of the person who first produced the object or performed the activity” (CD; see Table 1). In this case, the name is given to the person (or persons) and the object (or objects) is given to the name (or objects) of the person. As shown in Table 1, the Merriam-Webster Dictionary (MW) provides two meanings for eponym. The second meaning, unlike the previously mentioned sources, relates to the names of medicines or diseases used in the medical field, which are considered eponyms, or to eponyms derived from the names of medicines or diseases. In general, it should be said that medicine is one of those fields in which eponyms are perhaps the most. Tatiana Canziani states that in the field of medicine, eponims are words denoting syndromes, diseases, injuries, surgical procedures, clinical signs, etc., derived from the name of the person who first described these things, or more rarely, from the name of the patient to whom a particular clinical sign, disease, etc., was described for the first time (Canziani 2011: 227). Summarizing the various concepts, it can be said that in general eponyms differ not only in the way of origin – some are simple eponyms, others – derivatives, but also in their semantics. Mark Nicholas distinguishes five types of eponyms: anthroponymous, geographical, literary, mythological and scientific (Nichol 2011). Canziani, discussing medical eponyms, divides them into three groups: 1) true eponyms, when the name of the scientist who first described the thing described by the nomenclatural word (Alzheimer’s disease) is written before the nomenclatural word (disease, syndrome, etc.); 2) toponymic eponims, where the name of the place where the phenomenon was first observed is written before the generic name, i.e. the nomenclatural word (Stockholm syndrome); 3) autoeponimes related to a person who actually suffered and/or 126 Eponymous dress terms Aiškinamajame aprangos terminų žodyne Aušra RimkutėGanusauskienė died from the so-called disease (Thompson's disease). According to T. Canziani, true eponims are the most common (Canziani 2011: 227–228). There is no single classification of eponyms, depending on the field. It depends on how detailed and on which specific aspect the eponyms are to be grouped. It is important to note that the eponimes differ in their structure. Tatyana Karavaeva, based on the classification presented in Tom McArthur’s book The Oxford Companion to the English Language (1996), distinguishes five types of eponyms: 1) simple, 2) compound and sign construction, 3) prepositional, 4) abbreviated and 5) abbreviated eponyms (Karavaeva 2011: 81). Common eponyms are common words derived from actual nouns (e.g., boycott derived from the surname of British agent Charles C. Boycott, and lynch derived from the surname of Virginia planter Charles Lynch). Compound eponyms, as the researcher writes, are polynomial eponyms that consist of both proper nouns (usually personal nouns) and generic words (for example, the Turing machine is named after the British mathematician Alan Turing). The name is derived from the name of the Italian philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli (Niccolò Machiavelli). The name Casper is an abbreviation of the name of Eugene Caspersky, the creator of the anti-virus program Casper. There are also fewer conjugated eponyms (e.g., niconomy derived from the surname of President Richard Nixon and the word economy) (see Karavaeva 2011: 81–82). T. Karavaeva argues that with the progress of science, these types of eponimes discussed are no longer sufficient. It distinguishes another possible type – eponyms, which have arisen from abbreviations, when the abbreviations are composed of the names or surnames of individuals. Barbara Cappuzzo talks about hybrid eponims, which have both eponimic and explanatory elements (Cappuzzo 2008: 27). The Explanatory Dictionary of Latvian Linguistic Terms (VPSV 2007) provides a more detailed definition of eponym – although it emphasizes the appellation jos procesas, kai tikrinis žodis virsta bendriniu, bet kartu minimas ir jau aptartas eponimų nevienodumas (žr. 1 lentelę ir 2 išnašą). Be to, šiame itself, the dictionary specifies that eponyms can be both proper words derived from real words and common words derived from real words. The fact that a real word becomes a generic word designating a certain concept allows us to talk about terms that have emerged from eponyms or terms that have elements of eponymous origin. 127Terminologija | 2023 | 30 Nors eponiminius terminus lietuvių terminologai, kaip jau minėta, nagrinėja gana retai, tačiau bandymų apibrėžti, kas yra eponiminis terminas, esama. J. Mikelionienė states that “[E]ponimic terms are names of concepts made from the actual word” (Mikelionienė 2017: 127). In Regina Kvašytė’s Vocabulary of Educational Terminology, a colloquial term is considered to be “a term whose secondary accent is made from the name or surname of a scientist, actor or other person” (Kvašytė 2005: 66). Thus, this definition allows to understand that eponymous are considered only compounds of pima solid pavadinimai. Dėl to galima tvirtinti, kad tokia apibrėžtis per siaura, nes, pirma, aprėpia tik šalutiniu dėmeniu einančius antroponimus, antra, neaterms. In addition, the glossary gives preference to the term asmeninis terminas, and the eponymous term is presented as a synonym (Kvašytė 2005: 66). It should be added that in some works, when discussing specific eponymous terms, they are described more precisely – they are called nominative terms (Kaulakienė 2009: 69, 164) or nominative names. (Stankevičiienė 2013: 152). Table 1. Definitions of the term eponym in foreign lexicographic sources ŠALTINIAI EPONIMO APIBRĖŽTYS VPSV 20071eponym A noun that has derived a generic name by appellation, e.g. the surname Galifē > galifē, the place name Konjaka > konjaks, or from which another noun of any kind has derived, e.g. the Latvian personal name Laima as the motivator of the company name Laima, the surname Bolivars as the motivator of the country name Bolivia. An eponym is sometimes also called a generic name derived from a proper name, by referring to this proper name, e.g. galifē, konjaks, makintošs2 CD eponym the name of an object or activity that is also the name of the person who first produced the object or did the activity3 1 Žr. prieigą internete: https://termini.gov.lv/kolekcijas/93/skirklis/417483 [žiūrėta 2023-01-11]. 2 This definition, translated into Lithuanian, can be found in L. Kurmiņa’s article: “<...> a proper noun that has become a generic noun by means of appellation, for example, the surname Galifē > galifē, <...> or from which another proper noun of any subspecies derives, for example, the Latvian personal name Laima as a name motivating the company name Laima <...>. A generic noun derived from a proper noun by the appellation of that proper noun is sometimes called an eponym, for example, galifė, konjakas, makintošas“ (Kurmiņa 2010: 355). 3 See online access: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/eponym [accessed 2023-01-11]. 128 Eponymous dress terms Aiškinamajame aprangos terminų žodyne Aušra RimkutėGanusauskienė ŠALTINIAI EPONIMO APIBRĖŽTYS MW eponym 1. one for whom or which something is or is believed to be named 2. a name (as of a drug or a disease) based on or derived from an eponym4 LT eponym An eponym refers to a person or thing after which something else is named5 OLD eponym a person or thing, or the name of a person or thing, from which a place, an invention, a discovery, etc. gets its name6 DWDS Eponym derived from a person's name7 LTD EPONYM: A word that is derived from the proper name of a person or place. For instance, the sandwich gained its name from its inventor, the fourth Earl of Sandwich. The word lynch comes from Captain William Lynch, who led bands of vigilantes to hang hoboes and bums residing near Pittsylvania County. The verb shanghai, meaning to kidnap or press into forced labor, comes from the practices of conscription common in the oriental city of Shanghai. The word stentorian comes from the loud-mouthed Stentor in Greek legend, and herculean comes from the muscle-bound Hercules, and so on8 Some foreign linguists use the term eponym (Bankava 2011a; Mężyk 2020; Ziyayeva, Bannapova 2022 and others) rather than eponymous term (Ummatova 2022) when examining terms in a specific field, e.g., medicine, chemistry, geography, dance, etc. This suggests that in certain cases they narrow the meaning of the term eponime (use it in the meaning of a word made from an eponym) and use it when speaking about specific eponymous terms. It is generally accepted that eponymous terms are those terms that relate to the names of real or fictional persons (anthroponyms) or place names (toponyms) (Cappuzzo 2008; Nečas, Hejna 2012 et al.). It is also stated that eponyms are “intercultural 6 See online access: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/eponym [accessed 4 Žr. prieigą internete: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/eponym [žiūrėta 2023-01-11]. 5 Žr. prieigą internete: https://literaryterms.net/eponym/ [žiūrėta 2023-01-11]. 2023-01-11]. 7 See online access: https://www.dwds.de/wb/Eponym [accessed 11 January 2023]. 8 See online access: http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_E.html [accessed 2023-01-11]. 129Terminology | 2023 | 30 exchange results” (Popescu, Şorcaru 2020). That is why it is not easy to recognize some eponymous terms (Somford 2018: 12), and their direct connection with the actual word, with which a certain living or inanimate object is named, can be traced only with sufficient information in the relevant field, for example, not everyone interested in cooking would say that the name plombyras comes from the name of the French town of Plombières (TŽZ 2013: 644) or that the physics term voltas is related to the surname of the Italian physicist Alessandro Giuseppes Volta (VLEe), etc. Undoubtedly, knowing the history of the emergence of an eponymous term, it is easier to understand both the motivation and the words – this is not a common way of creating sąvokos pavadinimo kilmę. Sutariama, kad apskritai apeliatyvacija (dar vadinama deonimizacija, eponimizacija) – tikrinių žodžių pereiga į bendrinius names for new concepts, but this way enriches the terminology of any field. Researchers P. Nečas and P. Hejna distinguish the advantages of eponymous terms – these terms are economical, easier to remember and relatively simpler (Nečas, Hejna 2012: 25). One of the most common shortcomings of eponymous terms is their inaccuracy (especially discussed extensively in studies of eponyms in the medical field, e.g. Kumar, Brazel, Benjamin, Brem 2022), ambiguity, non-systematics, semantic “emptyness”, opacity (Canziani 2011: 231). Eponims are used to honour a scientist or other person who is related to the subject of the eponymous term in one way or another (Lončar, Anić 2014: 37). In this case, the eponymous term arises from the name, surname or name of another person. There are cases when the terms in question are created to name a place that is important for the appearance, origin, distribution of a certain thing, etc. This suggests that the emergence of eponymous terms is greatly influenced by extralinguistic factors, such as the need to immortalize a certain person (also literary) or place. In general, eponymous terms are formed deliberately and well thought out, they are also related to the history of a certain thing, reflect certain cultural aspects, are like a kind of legacy for future generations. Eponyms differ not only in their semantics, but also in their structure. There are also different structures of eponymous terms – some are unified, others are composed. According to Valentina Skujiņa’s classification of eponymous terms according to their degree of appellation (deonymization) into terms of partial or full appellation (Skujiņa 1993 [2002]; cf. Mikelionienė uses fully and partially deonymized terms; Mikelionienė 2017: 129), homogeneous eponymous terms are to be considered as terms of full appellation. The term is often used to refer to a group of individuals who are usually (but not always) associated with a particular religious belief. Compound 130 Eponymous dress terms Aiškinamajame aprangos terminų žodyne Aušra RimkutėGanusauskienė eponymous terms differ from others in spelling – usually the points originating from actual words are written in capital letters. The eponimic accent distinguishes the essential characteristics of the defined concept related to the actual word (the name of a certain person, place name, etc.). It should also be mentioned that eponymous terms are most often created by means of metonyms, less often by means of metaphors (Skujiņa 1993 [2002]; (Michigan 2017). Based on the understandings of both Lithuanian and foreign scholars, it can be said that an eponym is either 1) the name-giver of a certain name (this can be not only a person named by a proper word, but also a place or other thing), or 2) a derivative word that arose from the name-giver's name. Since an eponym is directly related to a person, phenomenon, or other thing by whose name a particular object is named, for the purposes of this article, an eponymous term is a term that is made from a certain eponym (which can be either a simple word or a derivative) or that has a root or roots made from an eponym. The explanatory dictionary of clothing terms contains a total of 86 eponymous clothing terms: 76% of them are solid and 24% are compound. In the preface to the source it is written that the dictionary “presents more than 6000 Lithuanian terms with their equivalents in English, German, French and Russian” (AATŽ 2014: 4). Thus, among such an abundance of terms, the subjects of research constitute only 1.4% of the terms recorded in the dictionary. It should be added that there are more eponymous terms in the colloquial dictionary, but these are terms that refer to devices (Blake machine, Mackay machine, Martindale amplifier), a particular detail or construction (Derby hardening, Derby construction) or chemistry (mercerization) and mechanics (Brinel hardness test, Rockwell hardness test, Shore hardness test). These terms are not regarded as clothing terms and are therefore not analyzed in this article. therefore, there is no single classification suitable for them (Mickienė, Bačiūnaitė-Lūžienė 2013: 18). According to the relationship of the names with the Eponiminių aprangos terminų analizė neįmanoma be tikrinių žodžių, iš kurių jie atsirado, apžvalgos. Kaip žinoma, tikriniai žodžiai yra įvairūs, named objects of reality, two large groups of real words can be distinguished: 1) names of living beings and 2) names of inanimate objects (things), and these are divided as necessary 137Terminologija | 2023 | In the case of 30 dress terms, the Lithuanian dress terminology borrows already ready eponymous dress terms. There is no reference to the name in Lithuanian sources. The results of the research show that about a quarter (24.5%) of the plain and composite clothing terms are not the only concept markers. They are used as synonymous terms, with preference given in the Explanatory Dictionary of Clothing Terms to those terms whose elements do not come from actual words: balmoralai see footwear with adjective; beats, see beats; bluckers see footwear with inserted sides; bowler see bowler; derby, see footwear with inserted ribs; derby see cauldron; Cambridge blue, see light blue; what see kettle; Moroccan, see measles; oxfords see footwear with a snap-on connection; For Oxford blue, see dark blue; see footwear with a hook-and-loop connection; For the cowboy hat, see Stetson hat. These basic terms may have arisen from the definitions themselves, in which the most prominent features of the concepts are distinguished, and from the need to organize and thus unify the system of clothing terms. When comparing eponymous and non-eponimic dress terms, it is clear that the former are shorter, their motivation is related to a person or a place, and the non-eponimic terms presented as the main ones, on the contrary, are longer, more complex, but from a terminological point of view, they are semantically more accurate and clearly reveal the content of the concept. As already mentioned, eponymous terms are more difficult for non-specialists to associate with actual words naming persons, places or other things and are very often used only in specialized literature. In general, speaking about the emergence of eponymous terms in clothing or other fields, it could be added that eponymous terms are not stylistically neutral, their emergence is closely related to the subjectyeponimic viu noru įvardyti kūrėją, išradėją, populiarintoją, vietovę ar kitą, tiek gyvą, tiek negyvą, objektą, su kuriuo susijęs sąvokos pavadinimas. Neabejotinai terms are related to the historical and cultural content important for the emergence of a particular term, as well as for subjective communication. In rare cases, as we have seen from the examples, the same concept is described by more than one eponymous term: balmorals, oxfords, richelieu – shoes with a joined conjunction; bluckers, derbies – shoes with added sides; bowling, derby, coke – kettle. This essentially shows that the eponymous term is a conventional one and often not the only one, and in certain cases – perhaps the result of a disagreement. However, in any case, whether an eponymous or non-eponimic term is chosen, the basic function of the dress term remains the same – nominative, i.e., to identify the clothing in a precise, unambiguous and concise way. 138 Eponymous dress terms Aiškinamajame aprangos terminų žodyne Aušra RimkutėGanusauskienė the concept of clothing, while ensuring clear and unambiguous use of the term in scientific literature. In general, eponymous terms enrich the terminology. In rare cases, an eponymous term that differs only in the ending, even though it is made from the same actual word, can be confusing to the consumer, for example, see the name of the shoe derbiai and the name of the headdress derbis, associated with the name of the English Earl jantys vientisiniai terminai trumpi, patogūs, bet kartu lengvai supainiojami, be to, abu turi, kaip minėta anksčiau, ne po vieną sinonimą. E. Derby. In the future, with the increasing number of eponymous term studies, it would be appropriate to investigate the frequency of use of eponymous terms. This would allow us to speak more reasonably about the spread of eponymous terms as one of the ways of creating terms, usage or choice tendencies. CONCLUSIONS 1. Eponymous clothing terms are names of clothing concepts derived from onyms. The emergence of these terms in the field of clothing is primarily lingvistiniai (trumpumas, ekonomiškumas, paplitimas, pastovumas ir kt.), determined not by extralinguistic factors, such as the desire to name the persons who created, invented, began to produce, popularized a certain clothing or its details, the desire to honor certain persons, the connection with specific geographical areas where they were created, were popular or spread. Eponymous terms can be seen as signs of respect, scientific discovery, recognition of the contribution of a particular person, or simply the result of cultural exchange. (2) Data from the Explanatory Glossary of Clothing Terms show that eponymous clothing terms make up only about 1.4% of all clothing terms. Most of the eponymous clothing terms (about 75.5%) are the only names of concepts (angora wool, beche, blazer, bluckers, brown belt, duffel, jersey, gabardine, galley, gibson, hessen boots, jesus sandals, cashmere, cambridges, kerza, etc.). The rest of the studied eponymous clothing terms are used as synonyms alongside terminologically more accurate clothing terms (bluckers, bouler, derby, cocks, oxfords, stetson, etc.). The explanatory dictionary of clothing terms mainly found eponymous terms based on anthroponyms (first names, surnames, nicknames) and toponyms (names of cities, countries, islands, etc.). A separate group consists of terms derived from symbolic names. 3. Eponymous dress terms occupy an important place in Lithuanian dress terminology. The creation of terms from actual words is one of the possible 139Terminologija | 2023 | 30 rodo tyrimo rezultatai, retų bei sudėtingų sąvokos įvardijimo būdų. Eponiminiai aprangos terminai, ypač vientisiniai, nors ir yra terminologiškai netobuli and as concise names of clothing concepts, but in certain cases they are the only traditionally used clothing terms in Lithuanian clothing terminology. 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EPONYMOUS CLOTHING TERMS IN AIŠKINAMASIS APRANGOS TERMINŲ ŽODYNAS (EXPLANATORYDICTIONARY OF CLOTHING TERMS) Summary The eponymous terms of various fields (anatomy, physics, chemistry, architecture, etc.) are being increasingly analysed in the works of Lithuanian linguists. According to the works of Lithuanian and foreign scholars, eponymous clothing terms are clothing terms that are derived from names. The article analyzes the eponymous clothing terms in Aiškinamasis aprangos terminų žodynas (2014; Explanatory Dictionary of Clothing Terms) compiled by Stanislovas Algimantas Ratautas, Eugenija Strazdienė, and Ada Gulbinienė. These terms make up only about 1.4 per cent of all clothing terms. The majority of eponymous clothing terms (about 75.5 per cent) are only the names of concepts (angora wool, bekesh, blazer, bluker, brown belt, duffle, jersey, gabardine, galife, gibson, hessen boots, jesus sandals, cashmere, cambridge, kerza, etc.). The rest of the eponymous clothing terms researched are used as synonyms alongside more terminologically accurate clothing terms (bliukeriai, bouleris, derbiai, kokas, oksfordai, stetsonas, etc.). The dictionary mainly contains eponymous terms based on anthroponyms (names, surnames, nicknames) and toponyms (names of cities, countries, islands, etc.). A separate group consists of terms derived from symbolic names. Eponymous clothing terms take up an important place in Lithuanian clothing terminology. Creating terms from names is one of the possible and, as the research results show, rare and complex ways of naming a concept. Although they are terminologically imperfect concise names of clothing concepts, in certain cases eponymous clothing terms, especially one-word terms, are the only traditionally used clothing terms in Lithuanian clothing terminology. The emergence of these terms in the field of clothing is primarily determined not by linguistic (shortness, economy, prevalence, permanence), but by extralinguistic factors, such as the desire to name the individuals who created, invented, started producing, or popularised certain clothes or their details, the desire to honour certain persons associated with specific geographic areas where the clothes were created, popular, or common. In general, eponymous terms can be considered signs of respect, scientific discovery, recognition of a particular person’s contribution, or simply a result of cultural exchange. Retrieved 2022-10-08 Aušra Rimkutė-Ganusauskienė Lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania E-mail [email protected]