Dėl kai kurių vietovardžių tikslintinų lyčių

218 Languages and Culture | 81 MARIJA RAZMUKAITĖ lietuvių kalbos institutas ON THE EXACT SUBSTITUTION OF PLACE-NAMES It is assumed that the place names in official use1 are relatively well standardised and normalized. However, in the study of primary oikonymes, which are based on hydronyms, there are also not entirely uniform genders. In most cases, the genders of oikonyme and hydronyme differ in accent, place of accent, less often in the quality of the root vowels or grammatical form. Sometimes such gender discrepancies in both place names can even raise doubts as to whether the two place names – oikonimos and hydronimos – are not independently formed, rather than related names. only the location data confirms the interface of the work base and the structure. so what are these discrepancies and why did they occur? Maybe these are just mistakes or other inconsistencies that have occurred when creating the compendiums, lists of place names? Of course, there may also be other reasons than linguistic ones. The aim of this article is to discuss such verbally related place names, whose gender is presented differently by the normative sources. The hydronyms of the Lithuanian SSR Administrative-Territorial Subdivision Guide (atsŽ) and the Lithuanian SSR Rivers and Lakes Directory (luEV) are examined. It should be recalled that the data for the lists of place names atZ were mainly taken not from the cartography of place names written from the living language (VK) in the Vardyno department of the Lithuanian language institute, but from the already prepared, processed and standardized sources of place names by linguists – from the place name files (Vb) compiled by counties and villages in the interwar period (about 1935–1940). These files (of which there are seven) contained the names of villages, church villages, single-family farms, manors and palivarks. cases, apparently, 1 Official normative sources are meant here: the Handbook of Administrative and Territorial Division of the Lithuanian SSR, d. 2, 1976 (hereinafter referred to as the Handbook); The Lithuanian SSR river and lake nomenclature, 1963 oikonimo, derived (toliau – luEV); a. Vanagas. Lietuvių hidronimų etimologinis žodynas, 1981 (toliau – lHEŽ) ir Vietovardžių žodynas, 2002 (toliau – VŽ). Mr. Razmuk. 219 were prepared in haste because of the genders of some of the placenames to be corrected, many of them were not checked again in the places. so many things atZ has taken over automatically from Vb. luEV was prepared later, when there was already a VK, and there was no such urgency. Perhaps that is why there are not many irregular forms of hydronyms here; some of them have already been corrected in the etymological dictionary of Lithuanian hydronyms by Aleksandras Vanagas. Since there are dozens of cases where the gender of the base placename and the derivative do not formally coincide, and these discrepancies may be different, it is possible to distinguish several groups of such pairs of placenames according to the nature of the differences. 1. from hydronimo, and base hydronimo differs in the intersection, intersection place, paradigm: 2) vs. rd: Berž (4) up. rd. The 2nd spelling of the name of the single-seater indicates that the gender Bežė is not a spelling error. It could be assumed that both place names are independently formed from lit. béržas. However, the local dependence of the names of both places – oikonimo and hydronimo – suggests that the name of the village is derived from the name of the river, left behind with the dialect-typical diphthong Bežė. the gender of the name is corrected to Berž. 4 (4th ed.). pp. 3. Data showing other pronunciations, besides the original (Čisavõs), are not recorded in the VK, so it remains to recognize the 4th pronunciation of oikonimo as correct, based on the analogy: in this region of Lithuania place names with suffix -ava are pronounced according to The fourth accent. 1 (1st ed.). pp. 32. "About Us". Shh. The VK records two adjacent genders of this river name – Gùžupis (1) and Gužupỹs (3b). both genders are correct, but the official sources of hydronyms – luEV and lHEŽ – only legalize the gender Gužupỹs. It is believed that the gender of the oikonimo should also be changed to Gužupỹs. Júodlė (1) k. Šauk : Juõdlė (2) ež. Shoot. The pronunciation of the name of the lake is indicated as correct, since the hydronym is probably derived from Lithuanian juodlỹs (4) “such a water beetle”3 or from Lithuanian júodas, -à with the root vowel metatonia. would be corrected oikonimo form and paradigm – Juõdlė k. 2 is one of those cases, where the place of the accent is determined and the length of the vowel of the end. 3 For some common words in Lithuanian and their interpretation, see English to Lithuanian dictionary 1–20, 1956–2002. 220 Languages and Culture | 81 Kalináuka (1) Mgč: Kalennauka ež. smal. According to the VK, the name of the lake has a composite variant Kalūnnaukos ẽžeras, whose first dot is from the village name, so the correct form of oikonimo should be pronounced Kalūnnauka. Kalnyčià (4) k. Krž: Kalnyčià (2) up. Cross. For example, the place names Kalnyčiõs pélkė and Kalnỹčios pélkė in Kelmės r. (VK), which are derived from the river names Kalnyčià (4) and Kalnyčià (2). In addition, it should be noted that hydronyms of the Žemaičių area, having the suffix -yčia, are of the 4th consonant (e.g. : Voryčià (4) Šlu, Skaryčià (4) Varn, Skirvyčià (4) rsn, Virvyčià (4) trš). It is believed that the oikonimos was made from the dialect of the river name Kalnyčià 4. 1 (1st ed.). pp. 1. Cross. It is possible that these names are adjectively and unrelated, but independently formed: village name from avd. Mokus4 (see other village names recorded in atsŽ, – Mokiškiai Nv; Mo kišė kis Žmt), and the river name – from avd. Weakness. However, this is doubtful, because the place names are probably only unevenly standardized. Puróniškis (1) vs. sv: Puróniškis (1) up. Shmn. The name of the river may be related to the Lithuanian purõnas "marsh purée" or to avd. Purõnas, so the gender of oikonimo is corrected to Purõniškis. 2 (2000) 1st (2000) 2nd (2000) 3rd (2000) 4th (2000) 5th (2000) 6th (2000) 7th (2000) 8th (2000) 9th (2000) 10th (2000) 11th (2000) 12th (2000) 13th (2000) 14th (2000) 15th (2000) 16th (2000) 17th (2000) 18th (2000) 19th (2000) 20th (2000) 21st (2000) 22nd (2000) 23rd (2000) 24th (2000) 25th (2000) 26th (2000) 27th (2000) 28th (2000) 29th (2000) 30th (2000) 31st (2000) 32nd (2000) 33rd (2000) 34th (2000) 35th (2000) The adjectives associated with these place names are pronounced three times in Lithuanian - rngė, riñgė, ring. It is a common form in the Highlands, from which the name of the river derives. The gender of the village name should coincide with the gender of the surname, so it should be corrected to Rngė. Ropienà (3) k. Plk: Ropienà (4) up. The name of the river lHEŽ is derived from the name of the meadow and field Ropienà, which is pronounced in the VK according to the 3rd pronunciation: Ropėeną, Ropienojè and has the pronunciation variant Ropėena (1) (see Pravėena up. rmš). It is believed that the river name is probably the 3rd diacritic: Ropie nà, Ropienõs, į Ropėeną, Ropėena, Ropienojè. 3a) and the 3b) up. Neck. VK data – in Sastragi, Saltragyjè shows 3b pronunciation; Furthermore, the nearby gender of the water name Saatragis is also indicated. There is no other pronunciation variant recorded, so the pronunciation of oikonimo near Ilgižiai is probably not authentic. 1999) 1934 – Santana, Brazilian singer (d. This is a clear proofreading error, indicating the pronunciation of the surname. The placenames are related to lit. santakà (3a), an older variant of pronunciation presented in lKŽ, so they should be pronounced according to 3a pronunciation. Shakarvā (3b) k. lkm: Shakarvā (3) up. lkm. The local people pronounce these placenames in two ways – according to the 3 and 3b pronunciation, so it can be said that both placenames – oikonimas and hydronimas – are spelled correctly. For the personal names, see. 1985–1989 1. Mr. Razmuk. As for the genders of some of the place names to be corrected 221 ma can only guess that the place names of the 3-th pronunciation may be older paradigms, and 3b arose by analogy, cf. the name of the lake Šakar vaų (3b) spelling. 1 (2nd ed.). pp. 2. (2) ež. atv. The name of the village is undoubtedly derived from the lake's unofficial gender Tỹklė (2). The VK also contains records of this oikonimo, pronounced tvirtagališkai, based on which the gender of the oikonimo should be corrected – Tỹklė (2). 2) k. Pab: Visinčià (4) up. Slug. The VK data shows only the village and river names of the 4th pronunciation: Visinčià, Visinčiõs, Visiñčią, so the pronunciation of the village name should be corrected. In this part of southern Lithuania, names with the a ending are pronounced according to the 4th accent (see Gaujà, Šalčià). 1 (1st ed.). pp. 3b. All older VK records show the 3b pronunciation of the river name: Valčiuvà, Valčiuvõs, Vaåtčiuvą. The VK only records the noble oikonimo gender Valčiuvõs, and the Vb indicates the gender Válčiuva. therefore it is assumed that the sex transferred from Vb to the official lists has been incorrectly, perhaps even accidentally. so the name of the village should be pronounced according to the 3b accent. 4) k. Krs: 4) k. Krs: 4) up. Krs. Only from the VK-recorded plural form of the Karsakiškis district place name Žambaėje it is possible to say that the hydronym should be of the 4th accent. 2. there is a difference in the quality of the vowels of the oikonimo and hydronimo roots: Bättvanas (1) vs. Vnd: Bỹtvanas (1) up. Vnd. The long root vowel lHEŽ in the local name is doubted and attempted to be linked to lit. bttė. Although the etymology remains vague, it can be assumed that the accentuated root vowel of the gender Bỹtvan is prolonged in the dialect due to the accent, and the gender of the hydronym Bhutan would be authentic. Drùlupis (1) k. rm: Drallupis up. rm. the river name lHEŽ is associated with avd. Drūlià, Drulià. The PZ is still fixed pvd. Drulỹs, Drùlius. so the river name is associated with avd. Drūlià, and the name of the village, apparently, in order to standardize and assume that the pronounced u in the dialect is prolonged, was left with the short u. Drūlià with long vowel is recorded only in the southern part of Lithuania. therefore the proper gender of the surname should be Drùlupis. Duburáitis (1) k. antz : Dūburáitis (1) ež. antz. The name of the lake is linked to lit. dūburỹs "dubrys". the gender of the name is given in connection with the common name – akmẽnė antz – antãzavė (zarasė r.) 222 Languages Culture | 81 more languages with the word dubỹs. It is doubtful whether the gender with ū is authentic (cf. in Kazimiero būga antazavė neighborhoods the gender Duburaitis, Duburỹs is recorded)5, because the word dūburỹs in the KŽ is recorded only in southwestern Lithuania. Dūkinė (1) k. upt: Dūkinė up. Krkn. The name of the river lHEŽ comes from lit. dįkas "baublys". oikonimą should be considered not independently formed from avd. Dùkas, and derived from the river name Dėkinė, so his gender must be with the long ū: Dėkinė. Unregulated gender – Adincavà (2) k. auk: Adinčiavà (2) up. btr. These are from the PVDA. Adiñčius, so the gender of oikonimo should not remain dialectal, but be like hydronimo – normative – Adinčiavà. The article reviews how and why some oikonymes, which are considered primary derivatives of hydronyms, formally differ from the reference words – water names in official sources. The gender of some of them could be clarified or corrected in future lists or summaries. Abbreviations 5 See b ū g a K. Rinktiniai raštai 3, 1961, 956. ab – abarauskaau (Lazdėjų r.) auk – high yard (trâkų r.) btr – butrimónys (alytaũs r.) Guob – Guobaas (Marijampolės r.) 1999) and Marianne (b. The Long Way Home (R.I.P.) Kr – Kriakkai (Shaki r.) Krk – Krâkės (Kėdáinių r.) Krkn – Krekenavà (Pãnevėžio r.) Krs – Kasakiškis (Pãnevėžio r.) Krž – Krãžiai (Keamės r.) lkm – liñkmenys (Ignalienė r.) Mgč – Magùčiai (zaraseh r.) Mlt – Moldova No – Nevarnai (telšių r.) Pab – Pabar (Šačininkų r.) 1999) (PDF) (PDF) Pšš – Pašušvỹs (radvliškio r.) rd – radvulliškis rm – ramýgala (Pãnevėžio r.) rsn – rùsnė (Šilùtės r.) sld – saldùtiškis (utenõs r.) smal – mallow (zarash r.) ss – sasnavà (Marijampolės r.) sv – svėdasaų (anykščių r.) Shoot – Šaukėnai (Keamės r.) Šlčn – Šaččininkai Šmn – Šimónys (Kùpiškio r.) tj – taujnai (ukmergs r.) trš – trýškiai (telšių r.) upt – upýtė (Pãnevėžio r.) Varn – Vaniai (in telšių r.) Vg – Váiguva (Keamės r.) Vs – Veisiejaa (lazddžių r.) zbš – zėbiškės (Kaišiadorių r.) Žsl – Žãsliai (Kaišiadorių r.) "Žmt – Žemaatkiemis (ukmergs r.)" (in Lithuanian). Mr. Razmuk. On the genders of some place names to be corrected 223 ŠaltINIaI atsŽ – Lietuvos TSR administracinioteritorinio suskirstymo žinynas 2, Vilnius: 1976, 1977. lHEŽ – a. Vanagas. 2002. „Lietuvių hidronimų etymologinis žodynas“, Vilnius: 1981. Mokslas, lKŽ – Lithuanian Language Dictionary 1–20, Vilnius, 1956–2002. lPŽ – Dictionary of Lithuanian Surnames 1: A–K, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1985; 2: L–Ž, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1989. luEV – Lithuanian SSR Rivers and Lakes Names, Vilnius: State Political and Scientific Literature Publishers, 1963. Vb – Place-names files stored in the Funds of the lKI Names Division (typewritten in 1935-1940). 1999. pp. 10. The local language of the village is the language of the local people. Dictionary of Pronouns. Vyr. red. a. Puppy. New York: University of New York Press, 2002. Gauta 2008 03 26 oN toPoNYMs: soME ForMs sHoulD bE aMENDED Summary the paper discusses tens of primary oiconyms originating from hydronyms and differing from them in paradigm, the quality of the root vowel etc. on the basis of the data stored in the card index of the Department of onomastics of the Institute of the lithuanian language and word etymologies, an attempt is made to identify the authentic forms of the base and the derived toponym. In order to be able to compare them with the present-day forms, the data have been collected from the sources of standard language approved for official use: A Manual of Administrative-Territorial Division of the Lithuanian SSR (Lietuvos TSR administracinio-teritorinio suskirs ty mo žinynas, volume 2, 1976), A Manual of River and Lake Names of the Lithuanian SSR (Lietuvos TSR upių ir ežerų vardynas, 1963) and a. Vanagas’ Etymological Dictionary of Lithuanian Hydronyms (Lietuvių hidronimų etimologinis žodynas, 1981). MarIja razMuKaItĖ lietuvių kalbos institutas P. Vileišio g. 5, lt-10308 Vilnius