Kazimieras Gaivenis – poetinio polėkio terminologas

362 LANGUAGE CULTURE | 82 PRANAS KNIŪKŠTA Institute of Lithuanian Language KAZIMIERAS GAIVENIS – We were able to celebrate the seventy-fifth anniversary of Kazimieras Gaivenis. Unfortunately, fate decided to celebrate only his birth anniversary. We lost Kazimierz six years ago, but his works remained. And in the memory of his friends and colleagues there remained a bright picture of Kazimieras. Kazimieras Gaivenis’s life path was simple but highly meaningful. The future linguist was born on January 18, 1934 in the poetic region of Tauragė, in the village of Stùčiai, Utenos district. He studied at Šeimatiẽs elementary school, Tauragė progymnasium and Utena first secondary school. After graduating, he entered the University of Vilnius in 1954. He studied Lithuanian language and literature. When she had to choose a specialty, she chose language and clung to it with all her might. His students had noticed this attitude since the entrance exams. In the year when we entered the university, a dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian language had been published. There is a rumor that during the exam you can ask questions from this dictionary. As anyone knew, we tried to get to know him – Mr. KNIŪKŠTA. Kazimieras Gaivenis – a terminologist of poetic inclination 363 ni read a journalistic review published in the press, others found the dictionary itself. Kazimieras studied it particularly diligently, his roommates even joked that Gaivenis slept with a dictionary under his head. Kazimieras, then we called him Kaziu, was one of the best students in the class. He attended lectures diligently, performed seminars and exercises exemplarily, but was not satisfied with the compulsory courses. He was an active member of the Lithuanian language club, read papers at student scientific conferences, wrote articles on the language for the magazine published by the course. He graduated from the university in 1959 and was assigned to work at the Institute of Lithuanian Language and Literature, which later became the Lithuanian Language Institute. He served in this position until 2001 (when he retired). Here he passed the path from senior laboratory worker to head of the Terminology Department. Alongside his direct duties in the Institute, he also worked in various terminology commissions and councils – he was responsible secretary and responsible editor of the Terminology Commission of the Institute of Lithuanian Language and Literature, secretary of the Presidium of the Terminology Council of the Academy of Sciences. Kazimieras Gaivenis did not work everywhere as a parade, but as a practical worker – he advised terminology managers in various fields, evaluated and helped to improve the terms they created, reviewed the terminology dictionaries and standards being prepared, and provided other kinds of assistance to term creators and his younger colleagues. He worked patiently and quietly, without seeking honor or reward, without protecting his health. K. Gaivenis tried to harmonize the terminology with the theoretical principles of terminology and he himself contributed considerably to their dissemination and consolidation. His bibliography includes more than four hundred publications, most of them in terminology. His terminological research began with composite terms. The first article on this topic, Sudėtinių terminų elementų išdėstymo klausimas, was published in Lietuvių kalbos kultūra in 1963 (KK, vol. 5). After that, articles appeared on the use of the genitive in compound terms, on compound terms with adverbial and participle elements, on terms made up of two or three elements. This is a list of the most commonly used terms in the modern Lithuanian language. He wrote it without entering the postgraduate program, without withdrawing from the daily work of terminology management; defended in 1969. Having become more familiar with the theory of terminology and gained more experience, he took on broader terminology topics, such as: General principles of creating and standardizing Lithuanian terminology; International terminology principles 364 LANGUAGE CULTURE | 82 application to our terminology. Summarized the theory of terminology of Stasys Šalkauskas and the principles he applied. However, K. Gaivenis was more inclined, or rather felt the duty, to explain narrower terminology issues directly related to practice. He wrote about the harmonization of linguistic and logical, linguistic and extralinguistic principles of terminology, standardization and determination of terms, abbreviation of terms, cases of antonyms in terminology, the imagery of terms, other relations between terminology and plain language. He was particularly concerned with the practical management of terminology and specific terms in various fields. This is the purpose of many of his articles and articles. In his publications he has explained new necessary, but not yet established in the language terms: pakuõtė, tašalas, pluoštinỹs, suklỹs, kviẽtrugiai, laikškmatis, dūdbutelis, veislýnas, išradymas. He has also created and proposed new ones, such as rupiniaas, stikllnnas, haynaennis. He spread the Lithuanian equivalents of international words: hyssop – yellow herb, convalia – hill, defektas – deficiency. Especially useful for the public were articles on individual subsystems of terms, e.g. : Some livestock terms; A few thoughts about music terms; The most important Lithuanian military terms. Often provided lists of words by names: Berry names; Names of dishes; Names of constellations; Names of monetary units. There are dozens of lists and collections of such names. Kazimieras Gaivenis worked on terminology and terminology management for four decades, devoting a lot of energy and effort to it. In 2002, he published a book entitled Lithuanian Terminology: Theory and Structure. He was not satisfied with his direct work, and his interests and hobbies were broader. He wrote extensively about the language of scientific works, a little about the language of business letters, clerical style and public notes in language literature and periodicals. He was interested in the public use of language, spoken language and poetry. He has written about local names on various occasions, mostly about the names of places in his hometown. He has explained the formation and pronunciation of the names of Lake Tauragnai and the town of Tauragnai on several occasions. He has been involved in discussions on general language culture issues, has reviewed Language Practice Tips and a collection of articles for teachers on grammar and stylistics. However, K. Gaivenis was most attracted to the area of language closely related to terminology – lexis. In language literature he has written about Mr. KNIŪKŠTA. Kazimieras Gaivenis is a poetic terminologist who has published 365 international word dictionaries, introduced to the public individual volumes of the academic Lithuanian language dictionary, several bilingual dictionaries. He also published a Lithuanian-Russian school dictionary. synonyms, comparisons and various articles of his lexicon. In some cases, ordinary words are associated with terms, more precisely, the relationships of terms with ordinary words are shown, in others they are examined as independent neutral phenomena of common language. And the most interesting reflections on the special meanings of words and their stylistic nuances – on the use of insertive and modal words, on politeness words, slang and vulgarisms, archaisms, figurative and poetic meanings of words. The variety of words and their special use are discussed in the booklet Margas žodžių pasaulis (A rich world of words). There are so many vocabulary variations and curiosities that the book looks like an interesting encyclopedia of language. K. Gaivenis’ writings are attractive also because of the lively, playful language of their author himself. This is particularly clear from the articles printed in the Lithuanian pioneer’s “Language Tent” and from the headings of those articles. For example, an article on the names of soldiers is entitled Marching soldiers, an article on jokes is entitled Smiles like he has found an iron, and the morphological features of the language are shown from the heading with a graded noun – More lazy than the lazy. Even in language publications printed articles with meaningful playful headings: "Entrepreneur's dictionary" or a dump of words? ; From the book "Who is Who" came not much. He was also interested in poetry. During one of his studies, Kazys unexpectedly stood up at a course party and began to recite the poem “I am a birch” artistically. / Lithuanian birch, / Flying out of the meadows night… Everyone imagined him as a dry-headed man with the bones of linguistics, and here this dry-headed man not only recited, but also commented on Širvio poetry. For a long time he did not get to the nails of poetry and only in 1976 he published an article On the use of new words in poetry (KK, vol. 31) in Kalbos kultūra. The epigraph is taken from Vacius Reimer’s lines Words are like vessels. / Like Indians – that’s how they sound… And the article itself is full of the sound of various poetic words. It begins with a quotation from Judita Vaičiūnaitė's poem, where the herb is played by the name of veronika: Veronika žydi / <...> rasota veronika, / verk už mane. And further Marcelijus Martinaitis, with him and Kazimieras Gaivenis, already plays the poet’s name Judita: „Švarke įsigijęs juditą, / dainuoja babekas žvaliai.“ After discussing such and similar occasionalisms in poetry, he warns in the words of a German proverb that they are “fated to live only in the song”, perceiving all their colors and shades. 366 LANGUAGE CULTURE | 82 In later articles on various topics, poetic words or quotes are inserted into the author’s context. The words of the poems are presented as compelling examples, cited passages support the ideas taught. Such examples and insertions are particularly abundant on the pages of Margo’s World of Words. After discussing the essence of occasional novelties, as interesting examples of them he presents Justinas Marcinkevičius’s apsi-lapsi-cinta, Albinas Žukauskas’s mediniai medžiai and tūkstantvakarykštė. It is presented in the lines of Antanas Baranauskas: Here pink, blue, grey blackberries are standing, / They are happy, they grow beautifully, they don’t care about anything. And the word phraseologism the weaver compares with Maironis Čičinskas’s baron aldadriku and quotes the whole verse of the poem with him. Kazimieras Gaivenis was able to analyze language phenomena in a playful style and link them with poetry, as can be seen from the article The Names of the Constellations (KK, vol. 59). The Lithuanian and other legends about the origin of constellation names are recalled, and an eight-line poem by Dionysius Poška is quoted, which lists twelve constellations known to ancient Lithuanians: Aries, Taurus, Gemini, etc. The lyrical quartet of Maironis is quoted: Beauty of the sky! Between the Stars Seven anths of Mowers! Above even brighter, Grigo Wheels overturned On the road grounded soberly. The article begins lyrically, his epigraph is taken from the lines of Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas: I raised my face to a starry height – / And as if a drop in the sea I disappeared. The article on the proposed Lithuanian names of flowers also begins with a poetic epigraph (KK, p. 69). Quoted Bernardas Brazdžionis: What will die faster than all the flowers? / Our year, our year. Not only the epigraph is poetic here, the poetry of the language is breathed and the names of the flowers are suggested: ajerėnė, karduõtė, kapūstėnė, lapaėnis, margùlė, pavasariùkas, saulùkė, spurguõtė, viksvėnė. Only a terminologist with a poetic sense of language could have put them together so precisely and beautifully.