Antraštinių žodžių reikšmių pateikimas „Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne“

 BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 DANUTĖ LIUTKEVIČIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas KEY WORDS: dictionary, general language, standardization, General Lithuanian Language Dictionary, meaning, definition. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS The Institute of Lithuanian Language has been preparing the General Dictionary of Lithuanian Language (hereinafter – GDL) for a long time. Liutkevičienė 2014b: 15–19. Currently, 1 70 author arcs have been published on the Internet, which consist of dictionary articles of title words or word combinations beginning with the letters b, c, č, d, e, ę, ė, f, h, j, o, z. Start 2 uploading to the Internet and other letters (a, g, k, l, m, r, š, t, ž) texts. The question may arise why the dictionary articles are not listed in order, not in alphabetical order. This is 3 because the non-prepositional verbs are written and edited first, only then the prepositional verbs, because it would be difficult to edit, for example, the articles of the words bypass, bend, fold, fold over before the article of the base word bend has been edited, etc. The above 70 author arcs are in addition to a separate dictionary part of BŽ Antraštynas, which has 82 author arcs on the Internet. The headline was placed on the Internet because the BS is not yet complete; so if users can't find a word in the dictionary, 4 they can check if it is spelled, the part of the language it belongs to, and usually one example of usage. Antraštyne – jei jis ten yra, vadinasi, yra arba turės atsirasti ir žodyne. Antraštyne žodis yra For example, the DDT. Usually, īm i áchšnaša are collected in different, smaller fonts. pabélsti vksm. Pabélsk loud, maybe someone will hear. tasty and first. I like to eat delicious. 1 Internet access http://bkz.lki.lt/. 2 Šios raidės BŽ interneto puslapyje žymimos mėlynai, tai reiškia, kad įkelti jau visi tomis raidėmis dictionary articles starting with. 3 These letters are marked in red on the BZ website, which means that only a part of the dictionary articles has been uploaded. The letters marked in black have not yet been uploaded to the Internet. 4 Internet access http://bkz.lki.lt/antrastynas/. Danuta Liutkevičienė. Presentation of the meanings of the heading words in the General Lithuanian BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 Dictionary |2 It should be mentioned that the words in the Heading, as in other lexicographic sources, are also found by the Google search engine. The header, like the BZ, is not a finished product – its information is constantly updated. If something changes in the dictionary, it changes in the Header. These changes are usually related to spelling (changes in spelling rate), correction of inaccuracies or proofreading errors. The dates of updating the dictionary are indicated on the first page of the BZ and in the News section. The purpose of this article is to show how the BZ presents the meanings of words and how this presentation differs from the presentation of meanings in other dictionaries. 1. BZ TEXT WRITING WITH LEXIC SEMANTIC GROUPS The tasks of the BZ are several – to include words not fixed in other dictionaries (terms, international words, new realities denoting and already well-known lexems), to present correct pronunciation, to codify several conjugations of common language norms, to show syntactic conjugation, some morphological things, etc. But the most important thing, like many dictionaries, is to interpret words and reveal the lexical semantic system. Therefore, the dictionary pays particular attention to the meaning of the title word or word (reikšmėms). Dėl šios priežasties dalis žodyno teksto buvo rašoma ir redaguojama ne pagal combination in the alphabet, and the lexical semantic groups, see also. Lazauskaitė, Liutkevičienė 1998: 205–217; Liutkevičienė 2006: 9–18; Murmulaitytė 2006: 34–54; Naktinienė 2006: 19–31; Naktinienė 2011: 150–164; Sakalauskienė 2003: 106–113; Zaikauskas, Jasionytė 2006: 149–169. The primary source of the BZ was the Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian Language 5 (hereinafter – DŽ), so it is worth comparing how the same words are described in both dictionaries. E.g.: spirit dark alcoholic beverage with natural DŽ BŽ balzãmas (2) <...> tam tikras balzãmas dkt. vns. (2) <...> stiprus balzamų, įvairių augalų ekstraktų <...> 5 In the original BZ Heading, the words were taken from the third edition of the DZ, but in the article the BZ is compared with the seventh (online) edition of the DZ. Danuta Liutkevičienė. Presentation of the meanings of heading words in the General Lithuanian BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 Dictionary |3 rrammas (2) stiprus svaigusis rrammas6 dkt. vns. (2) strong beer (4) liquor, beer, etc. from fruit or berry juice and essences, essence of water and sugar <...> faivų (4) <...> such fresh vns. (4) mild gin (4) acidic fresh gin, etc. vns. (4) soft drink, beverage made from sugarcane juice faivų etc. vns. (4) <...> fresh alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane made ppr. from barley malt and alcoholic beverage, ppr. beverage made of barley <...> made by fermenting dried bread, juice or molasses <...> hops<...> malt and hops <...> beverage (e.g. from fruit) <...> beverage, ppr. made from fruit <...> dried fruit etc. <...> lemonade (2) refreshing drink limonâds dkt. (1) soft drink, with lemon (or other fruit) juice or made Both dictionaries define beverages as intoxicants (alcoholic) and soft drinks. However, in the definition of the DŽ word balm, this semma (intoxicating or refreshing) is not present, it can only be perceived from the word strong. DŽ varies in noun and indefinite forms: intoxicated (rum), intoxicated (beer), fresh (freshness, gin), fresh (lemonade). The definitions of BZ have tried to follow the formula “beverage made of”, with derogations where other things are considered more important (in the case of balm). DG beverages are defined more loosely, at least a few formulas are used: "a certain drink" (balsam), "(signature) drink" (gira), "beverage made of" (rum), "beverage made of" (beer), "beverage with" (lemonade). Such inconsistencies are minor, but they are much easier to avoid when writing and editing dictionary articles of words in thematic groups. Let’s look at how words of a completely different lexical-semantic group are described – zoological terms, with the Latin name written next to them: DŽ BŽ balau‖dis (2) 1. such a bird, balaudis dkt. (2) 1. miestuose laisvai gyvenantis paukštis pilkomis, melsvomis, Žodžiai romas, alus, limonadas, gaiva, gira jau parašyti, bet į internetinį BŽ dar nepatekę, todėl suredaguoti jų žodyniniai straipsniai dar gali keistis. karvelis (Columba) <...> 6 Danuta Liutkevičienė. Presentation of the meanings of the heading words in the General Lithuanian BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 Dictionary |4 with white and other feathers, small head with plucked beak, short legs; Sin. domestic pigeon <...> europaea) <...> goose‖i achts, ~iachts m. zool. (4) large wild and domestic waterbird (Anser) <...> žąsi s, žąsis dkt. mot. (4) 1. a large, well-swimming wild or domestic waterbird with a long neck and a wide bill (ppr. (2) the trunk-climbing bird (Sitta europaea) of trunk-climbing bird dkt. (2) sparrow-sized tree chivỹl zool. (2) bird of the kitten family, nesting in gardens, hedges (Acanthis cannabina) chivỹl dkt. (2) small bird with grey and brown feathers, nesting in gardens, hedges (e.g. the order of sparrows (Sitta europaea) Eurasian woodpecker, Acanthis cannabina, Carduelis cannabina) <...> As can be seen from the examples, the definitions of BG are more uniform here. All four definitions are different: the goose is described very similarly as the pigeon, the bustard is described as a herd, the whistling bird as a family, and the dove is a bird like (underlined by the author of the article) or the same as the dove. It should be said that the pigeon D.j. is defined in detail, cf. „bird with gray, blue, white, etc. feathers, large throat, pigeon (Columba)“. In such cases, the full definition is repeated for both synonyms. Now the synonym of April is considered not any pigeon, but the domestic pigeon, so BZ this information was clarified. The domestic pigeon is the main term, therefore, and the Latin name in the latter dictionary will be added to its (and not the April) definition. The Latin name is not so simple to specify. In the pavadinimas irgi bus patikslintas. Beje, tikslų lietuvišką mokslinį ir lotynišką šio paukščio entire Lithuanian encyclopedia (hereinafter – VLE) it is written as follows: “In cities, a mature domestic pigeon, or pigeon (C. livia), descended from the rock dove, is common” (VLE IX: 515). Thus, domestic pigeon and pigeon are synonyms, domestic pigeon is the main term. However, the following information is found in two sources in the Term Bank of the Republic of Lithuania (hereinafter referred to as TB): „uol nis karvẽlis <...> Columba livia <...> sinonimas – naminis dovelis <...>“ (PAT 2002) and „uol nis karvẽlis <...> Columba livia <...>" (PPŽ 2009). Thus, according to TB, the main term is not the domestic pigeon, but the rock pigeon, and that they are synonyms is indicated only by one of these sources. Danuta Liutkevičienė. The definition of the term "columbine" in the English-language Wikipedia reads BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 as follows: "The columbine is a species of bird of the family Columbidae. There are about 15 7 subspecies. In our country, only the domesticated form Columba livia f. domestica is found, which is commonly called the domestic pigeon.” The information is very similar to VLE, but there is another Latin name. A search on the Internet with Google search engine reveals that this Latin name is recorded in many other sources as well. So what is April? A domestic pigeon or a rock pigeon? Columba livia or Columba livia f. domestica? Is the domestic pigeon and the rock dove the same or not? Thus, at the moment the editors of the BZ consider the pigeon and the domestic pigeon as synonyms, but when the dictionary article naminis pigvelis will be edited, they will again evaluate the available information and look for new information. Let's go back to the duck and the chick. Regarding the choice of family or herd in the definitions of DŽ – probably the editors of this dictionary chose one or another word (family or herd) not just for themselves, they relied on certain motives, but to the ordinary reader of the dictionary such inconsistency seems strange. Perhaps there may be questions about the Latin names in brackets in the definition of BZ chivy. Sometimes one term in zoology or botany may have two or more Latin names (synonyms). Thus, BZ refers to both (or even more). One more thing to mention – in the dictionary articles of the goose and the whistle, in parentheses before the Latin name is indicated ppr. Goose, ppr. It's a chivalrous Eurasian. This means that the terminological (scientific) name of these birds is the one entered in parentheses, and the Latin name is added to it. When the scientific name is preceded by ppr. (usually), which means that when we say geese we usually mean the real goose (because it is the most common, best known in Lithuania, etc.), but there can be “other kinds of geese” as well. Thus, the goose is not Anser, the whistle is not Acanthis cannabina (as indicated by DG). P.T.B.: P.T.B.. Anserinae, narrower terms wood geese, grey geese, chicken geese; goose lot. Other, narrower terms are bernikles, swans, koskorobas, tikrosi and geese. Dar plg. čivyliai lot. Carduelinae, narrower terms acorn-headed kites, American kites, gold-headed kites, gold-winged kites, Bonin island kites, chives; chivyliai lot. American carduelis, Andean carduelis, Antillian carduelis, Bearded carduelis, Eurasian carduelis, European carduelis. This term information would probably only confuse the non-specialist and, perhaps, would be unnecessary for him. Therefore, the BZ was aimed at providing not complete, but relevant and easily understandable information to the reader. This online encyclopedia is used as a supplementary source by the editors of the BZ and the information contained therein is based only if it is 7 confirmed by other sources. Danuta Liutkevičienė. Presentation of the meanings of the heading words in the General Lithuanian BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 botanikos terminai, plg.: blvė daržų augalas šakotu stiebu, vedantis tokius gumbus (ppr. valgomoji bulvė, Solanum tuberosum); baklažãnas šiltųjų kraštų augalas, vedantis tokius Dictionary |6 vaisius (ppr. paprastasis baklažanas, Solanum melongena); fragrant medicinal, aromatic woody half-shrub with clusters of blue flowers (e.g. medicinal hyssopus, Hyssopus officinalis). It is possible to see what basic semes both dictionary choose to describe some animals, cf. : DZ BZ stump zebra animal animal monkey animal mammal hippo animal mammal horse animal animal danielius animal animal deer animal animal animal animal bicorn jack ruminant animal buffalo ruminant animal ox bison animal horned deer animal herbivogiraffe re animal herbivoantelope re animal bicorn animal animal cow hedgehog animal BZ has chosen the word animal as the main semi. As you can see, the DG semas are quite different and their choice already raises questions. Why is only the monkey or the hippopotamus referred to as mammals, although the other animals in question are also mammals? The main meaning of the animal is na mini s mammal, so in the dictionary article of danielius this semas should not be written. The ruminants are not only deer and yaks, but also (from the list under consideration) danielius, cow, bison, starling, giraffe, antelope, sturgeon. The bison is defined as horned, but horns are also found on the daniel, cow, deer, jack, buffalo, deer, antelope, stump. Herbivores are not only the starling and giraffe, but also the vast majority of animals on this list. In addition to the defined antelopes and stumps, wild-horned animals include cows, buffaloes, and bison. Individually, each word is indicated by Danuta Liutkevičienė. Presentation of the meanings of the heading words in the General Lithuanian BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 Dictionary |7 information is correct, but still the realities of one kind should be defined uniformly. You can't put all the semis mentioned here into a definition, so you have to choose one or two and 8 apply them to all similar words. The lexical semantic groups were also used to write and edit the dictionary articles of some parts of the language – pronouns, pronouns, adverbs, particle, numerals, individual adjectives, verbs, etc. Plg. : DŽ BŽ (overturning, falling) <...> to depict the impression of a noisy burdinkšt išt. keberiokšt collapse cibė, ci ęba jst. The sound of burdinkšt išt. vartojamas netikėto a goat calling is cibė jst., ci ęba is sakoma varant kiaulę <...> burkūj čerokšt used for the sound of crackling, crackling pamėgdžioti; sin. tarkšt <...> The most commonly used formulas for defining BZ outliers are "<...> to imitate a sound" or "<...> to depict an impression". The latter definition means that the action marked with an exclamation mark is not only audible but also visible. As can be seen from the examples, DŽ verbs are defined in different ways – as synonyms (čerkšt), synonyms with additional explanation (burdinkšt) and descriptive forms (burkū). The same can be said about the description of emoticons: BZ gives formulas of definitions, while DZ definitions vary: burąkū itd. April burankū etc., burkūų used to describe the sound of repeated as kćc jst. repeatedly <...> calling called cat9 kc jst. repeatedly said by a goat <...> burkating (e.g. April) to imitate <...> čérkšt etc. tarkšt čérkšt utt., shouting <...> DŽ BŽ jjkš šnek. jst. ukš, uis (when driving pigs) jjkš, etc. a cat <...> 8 For example, what would look like a word defined by all the sems (which are indeed characteristic of it): stumbr – animal, mammal, herbivore, ruminant, horned, horned. 9 This definition is generally ambiguous – if the word called is perceived as a sign, the main word of the definition will be cat and then the definition will be noun. Danuta Liutkevičienė. Presentation of the meanings of heading words in the General Dictionary of Lithuanian Language |8 BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 2. DISTINCTION BETWEEN MEANING AND SHADE OF MEANING Values in BZ are indicated by numbers, as in other dictionaries. Shades of values are indicated by the sign |. For example: voter, voter dkt. (1) a person entitled to vote in an election, referendum or similar. : List of voters. During this municipal election there was a very low turnout. • plg. elector. | the person who votes: For all voters we call the sheep of the White Lady. In the middle of the night, the broken-hearted Sarratt tries to kill the white-headed bear. dalyváuti ir kituosè mūsų svetai nės konkrsuose. baltagalvis, baltagalv ė bdv. (2) kurio balta galva: Baltagalvis karvlis [erlis]. | žydragalvis, žylas: Portrait of white-headed deer in Vydū. I love looking at the white-haired grandmothers. The sign | distinguishes not only the shade of the meaning, but also some other things – this sign is placed before abbreviations high. (higher degree), high. (highest form), beasm. laipsnis), įvr. (įvardžiuotinė forma), neig. (veiksmažodis su neiginiu 10 ), sngr. (sangrąžinė (impersonal use), prk. (moving use)). For example: ėdrss, ėdr bdv. (4) 1. heavily eating; Sin. rajus: <...> | aukšt. : When the sun rises, the man looks more eager. | high. : dogs eat the most on all fours. optimi šťasticky prv. → optimistic 1: <...> | high. : His work should be viewed with optimism. <...>. extremely first. risking, going beyond the usual limits: <...> | high. : Get an extremely fast racer at the goose. detaljs, bdv. (4) with all the details: What a detal report! | incl. : Detailed miassto planes. twenty, twenty sktv. klnt. (4) going after the nineteenth: <...> | incl. : Twentieth century. hyperbolized, hyperbolized, hyperbolized vksm. (what) deliberately exaggerate in describing something: <...> | neig. (ko): Don’t overstate the situation – it’s not bad ėp jaũ ėp. shining, shining, shining vksm. 1. (what) to burn (light), create (fire): <...> | sngr. (CAM): The lamps were shining for a moment.<...> 10 Other parts of speech with a negative are presented in separate vocabulary articles. In future, the same should be done with negative verbs, as well as conjugated verbs and conjugated nouns. For more information, see. Murmulaitytė 2012: 71–91. Danuta Liutkevičienė. Presentation of the meanings of the heading words in the General Lithuanian BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 Dictionary |9 dulųkti, dulųkia, dulėkė vksm. fine droplets to line; Sin. Dust: V są rytą dulkkė smėlkus liet āss. | beasm. : It's dusty outside, take an umbrella. It must be said that the sign | before the abbreviations alt., alt., invr., sngr. is written only in cases when the words marked with it have also neutral forms – non-comparative, non-substantive, non-retroactive forms. In the absence of these, the presentation of abbreviations also differs, cf.: more complex: The Supreme Court overturned the decision of the lower court. The decisions of the lower courts may be appealed to the District and Supreme Courts. <...> 8th žẽmas, žem bdv. (4) <...> 7. ppr. aukšt., aukšč. einantis prieš aukštesnį, floor. incl. simpler, less developed, outgrown: Lower-level organs [living things]. Lower planting. <...> dušimt, dušimt sktv. klnt. ppr. incl. (4) going after the one hundred and ninety-ninth: the twenty-thousandth visitor. The twenty-three gave up. laugh, laughs, laughs vksm. Sngr. 1. to show cheerfulness, joy, etc. with voice and facial expression : Juõktis yrh svei ņka. The children laughed happily and loudly. What's this drink for you? "Iron Man 3: Iron Fist". Abbreviation neig. the marking of negative verbs only in cases where there is a difference in the syntactic conjugation of the simple and negative verbs (to irritate what / not to irritate what). When the conjugation does not differ, the abbreviation is not significant, e.g. bliáuti, bliáuna, bliavė vksm. <...> 11 4. (on something) speak. to speak loudly, in a raised tone; Sin. shout, shout out: Chief again bliaũs irė išvadi änns mųs lazy ääns. But if you don't come to me, you'll be in jail. Don't worry about the slaughter, let me tell you. The use of the index is separately mentioned. It is marked after the same sign | and the abbreviation prk. For example: jungtvatės dkt. dgs. (2) Marriage, wedding: United States ãceremonies. | prk. : The union of these two parties is ripening. crop d.c. (4) food for attracting beasts, birds, fish; Sin. masalas: Paper is nice. | prk. : Theft buyers. džiūti, džiūsta (džiūna, džiūva), džiūvo vksm. 4. (from what, to what) speak. touch, touch, touch: She is drying up quickly from the anger. | prk. : Will you be happy to rejoice with the kings? ! 11 The question may arise why the high., high. and incl. marked in all cases (where such forms are present in the text), and negative. - No. This is because in the first three cases there is often a difference in pronunciation (from the one indicated by the title word). And the negative verb differs only in form (which is already visible) and may differ in syntactic conjugation, so when it differs, it is shown. But, as already mentioned earlier, in the future it is planned to form separate articles for such verbs. Danuta Liutkevičienė. Presentation of the meanings of the heading words in the General Lithuanian BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 Dictionary |16 blizgėėti, bli ėzga, blizgėėjo vksm. <...> 3. make a good impression, to look good, to appear; Sin. švibėti: When the elections come, the parties' faces will shine again. She has been distinguished from childhood by her brilliant musical talents. | snow. (who): This semester the second-year students are really shiny. That entertainment star of the world isn't shining with her mind. GENERAL REMARKS 1.The text part of the BZ was written and edited not according to the alphabet, but by lexical semantic groups. This allowed a more systematic and consistent definition of similar words or their meanings. 2.The sign | BZ indicates the shade of the meaning, the transitive use and the conjugative forma – tai vienokiu ar kitokiu būdu daroma ir kituose žodynuose. Tačiau BŽ šitaip use are distinguished and such things, which are usually not shown in DZ in any way – the higher and the highest degree of adjectives and adverbs, the noun form, impersonal use, verbs with the prefix ne-. Considering that in many of the mentioned cases even the form of the title word and the word presented after the sign | differ (ėdrus, -i | ėdresni s, -ė | ėdriausias, -a; detalus, -i | detalusis, -ioji; hyperbolizuoti | nehyperbolizuoti), the editors of the BŽ believe that this is necessary to show. 3. All words used in the definitions of meanings, except personal nouns, are highlighted in the dictionary and interpreted as headings. This is how BZ differs from DZ and many other dictionaries. If the reader of the dictionary does not know not only the title word, but also the word of one or another definition, and this explanation will be found in the dictionary. When formulating definitions in the BZ, special attention is paid to accuracy and clarity, and efforts are made to avoid ambiguities and faulty definitions of the logical circle that occur in some other dictionaries. 5. BZ has abandoned the blister presentation of words. Verb and adjective abstracts, adverbs and deminutives also have their own vocabulary articles with explanation of meanings, grammatical information and illustrative examples of use. There is a general tendency that BG will be distinguished and described in much more meanings than DG. 6. Some words previously considered unpresentable or avoidable have changed their normative value, they are now considered normative and are therefore included in the BG. Danuta Liutkevičienė. Presentation of the meanings of heading words in the General Dictionary of BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 ŠALTINIAI BŽ Antraštynas – Bendrinės lietuvių kalb os žodyno Antraštynas. Prieiga internete: Lithuanian Language |17 http://bkz.lki.lt/antrastynas. BŽ – General Lithuanian Language Dictionary (in preparation). Internet access: http://bkz.lki.lt. DŽ – Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian Language / editor-in-chief Stasys Keinys. – 7-paths. and supplement. ed. – Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 2012, XXVI, 969 p.; electronic version, 2015. Internet access: http://lkiis.lki.lt. Internet text resources to browse the search engine Google (https://www.google.lt). LITERATŪRA Lazauskaitė V., Liutkevičienė D. 1998: Valgių ir gėrimų pavadinimai „Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne“. – Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 40, 205–217. Liutkevičienė D. 2006: Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Siekiamybė ir realybė. – Leksikografija ir leksikologija 1: Aiškinamųjų bendrinės kalbos žodynų aktualijos, Vilnius: LKI, 9–18. 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Murmulaitytė D. 2006: Kai kurių daiktavardžių apibrėžimas „Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne“. – Leksikografija ir leksikologija 1: Ai škinamųjų bendrinės kal bos žodynų aktualijos, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 34–54. Murmulaitytė D. 2012: Vedinių pateikimo sistemiškumas Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne. – Kalb os kultūra 85, 71–91. DANUTĖ LIUTKEVIČIENĖ. Antraštinių žodžių reikšmių pateikimas Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne |18 BENDRINĖ KALBA 89 (2016) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 Naktinienė G. 2006: Svarbesnieji „Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodyno“ semantikos aspektai. – Leksikografija ir leksikologija 1: Aiškinamųjų bendrinės kalbos žodynų aktualijos, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 19–31. Naktinienė G. 2011: Parūpinamieji veiksmažodžiai „Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne“. – Kalbos kultūra 84, 150–164. PAT 2002: Paukščių anatomijos terminai = Nomina anatomica avium / L. Daugnora, R. R. Budrys, R. Trainienė; Lietuvos veterinarijos akademija. 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