Žodyno vaizdinys „Lietuvių kalbos žodyne“

BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 AURELIJA GRITĖNIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas KEY WORDS: dictionary, image, illustrative sentence, semantics, Lithuanian language dictionary. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS There has been written many times about the importance of the Academic Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (hereinafter – LDVL) for various cross-disciplinary researches. The value of various dictionaries (especially LKŽe) is not only highlighted by linguists (see Dini 2002; Kažukauskaitė 2002; Nepokupnas 2002, Paulauskienė 2002; Toporovas 2008 and others). Their motifs are also frequently found in non-fiction texts. Poets (Vytautas Mačernis, Bernardas Brazdžionis, Česlavas Milošas, Justinas Marcinkevičius and others) mention in their poems the author of the first Lithuanian language dictionary – Konstantinas Sirvydas. When the volumes of LKŽ began to appear one after the other, there are many poems (Justinas Marcinkevičius, Marcelijus Martinaitis and others), in which the motif of the academic dictionary also emerges. Prose texts (novel, essay and other texts of various genres, for example, by Kostas Ostrauskas, Romualdas Granauskas, Agnė Žagrakalytė and others) highlight the importance of academic vocabulary for our culture, talk about word collectors, editors, etc. 1 Thus, the concept of vocabulary was chosen deliberately for semantic visual research. About a different version of the Lithuanian language dictionary – in the words of Viktorija Daujotytė, the basic cultural text Here 1 is how Romualdas Granauskas spoke about the dictionary in one of the interviews: “Man, why don’t you put the Great Lithuanian Language Dictionary on your chest? Why don’t you put your nose in it, why don’t you read it at least three times, and then get ready to write? Which language, which half-language? Would you at least understand that the Lithuanian nation has not created anything more valuable and noble? It will disappear itself, and SHE will remain” (Granauskas 2015: 317). The protagonist of Agnė Žagrakalytė’s novel, Juozas Žagrakalys, a real person, also briefly mentions his contribution to the collection of words for the academic dictionary: “I apsiėmiau rinkti žodžius žodynui – kas nenorės prisidėti prie tokio gero darbo <…>“ (Žagrakalytė 2013: 561). wrote sixteen dialect stories. Here we will only remind you that the lawyer, writer, local historian J. Žagrakalys is mentioned as the word picker in the last volume of the academic dictionary. Aldonas Pupkis’ monograph states that he began collecting words for the dictionary as early as 1933, and collected most of them after the war (between 1972 and 1977 he recorded about 4,000 words from the living language and about 5,000 from writings) (Pupkis 2013: 424). AURELIJA GRITĖNIENĖ. Žodyno vaizdinys Lietuvių kalbos žodyne | 2 BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 (Daujotytė-Pakerienė 2002: 34) – the reading was probably the first to be spoken by Jolanta Zabarskaitė. Looking at dictionary articles as a specific discourse created in a certain way and reading them in different sections, we can find various data about the features of Lithuanian worldview and world perception. Zita Šimėnaitė (2010: 158–166) has written about LKŽe sources as reflections of cultural history. Based on the vocabulary material, our political worldview (state, law, power) has already been studied, the image of the squeamish has been examined; Using material from the dictionary of Adalberto Bezzenberger, maris, pamarys and pamariškis are described (Zabarskaitė 2010: 126–143; 2012: 239–253; Gritėnienė 2016: 85–104). The aim of this article is to analyze the semantic image of the dictionary in the LKŽe hypertext, to determine which features of the image are considered the most important and relevant, using the broad and diverse discourse of the 20 volumes of the dictionary. In order to achieve this aim, several specific tasks were set: to investigate the collected material by interpretative, analytical descriptive and semantic analysis methods, to describe the structure, types, scope, authors, material of dictionaries, to describe the progress of lexicographic work and the difficulties faced by dictionaries when preparing dictionaries, to highlight the shortcomings in dictionaries and to show the value of dictionaries. The image is understood here as a certain generalized mental image formed in the human consciousness, the reconstruction of previous perception or experience. The image differs 2 from the image in that it is more schematic, generalized. Visual – intermediate link between perception and abstract thinking, their rise in memory, imagination and thinking is regulated by language (VLE 548). As the image is understood by semiotics and modern philosophers, see more. Sverdiolas 2006: 174; Balodis 2009; Nastopka 2010: 26 and others. In a brief summary of the research of philosophers, we could say that in modern philosophy the image is perceived as a mental phenomenon, a certain representation, a specific substrate of perception and experience. 2 The concept of archetype is quite close to the visual and is widely used by literary and cultural scholars. Cf. the definition of archetype: archetype – original model, ideal example, prototype, transmission from generation to generation of a collective subconscious image with universal meaning, independent of individual cognition (LLE 2001: 28). Kognityvinėje lingvistikoje įprasčiau vartoti koncepto sąvoką. Priminsime, kad konceptu commonly called a unit of thought, all information about something, present in the consciousness of people speaking a certain language (for more on the concept term see Černeiko, Cho Son Te 2001: 51; Papaurėlytė 2003: 25; 2007: 15– 17; Gudavičius 2011: 109–117). Most often, the term concept is used to refer to abstract concepts, while the vocabulary is a concrete reality. In addition, the material collected in this article is not analyzed by the method of cognitive analysis, and other important cognitivist terms (attribute, figure, collocation, etc.) are not used here, therefore the term of imagery is chosen in this semantic study. AURELIJA GRITĖNĖ. The research material was collected by looking at all 20 volumes of LKŽe BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 vertically and reading the dictionary hypertext horizontally. In this way, reading the dictionary articles, 211 heading words were found, the illustrations of which mention the lexical dictionary. Interestingly, the lexems leksikografas, -ė ("lexicography specialist") and žodynininkas, -ė ("dictionary compiler, lexicographer") are fixed only in their own dictionary articles. It contains writings of more authors (mainly linguists, cultural and social figures): 64 nepavartotos nė viename iš 20 žodyno tomų apibrėžiant ar iliustruojant kitus žodžius. Didžioji dauguma (net 98 proc.) leksemą žodynas turinčių iliustracijų išrašyta iš įvairių sentences from Kazimieras Būga, 19 from Jonas Jablonskis, 9 from Juozas Balčikonis, 7 from Antanas Baranauskas, 3 from Kazimieras Jaunius and Vincas Kudirka, 2 from Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, 1 from the works of Antanas and Jonas Juška, Jonas Šliūpas, Mykolas Biržiška, Antanas Salis, Jurgis Šlapelis, Vydūnas and others. The dictionary is also mentioned in various scientific publications (journals, Lithuanian grammar, other dictionaries, etc.). Only two illustrations with lexical dictionary (one from Liškiava and one from Kretinga) are written from the living language. 3 It is necessary to mention that synonyms of the dictionary have also been found in the LKŽ (they are also the subject of this article’s research): Kiprijonas Juozas Nezabitauskas’s newly compiled word and dictionary, the vocabulary used by Simonas Daukantas, A. Juška’s – nadinyčia, the dictionary book, dictionaries, used in the dictionary of Max Niedermann, Alfredo Senno, Franco Brenderio and A. Salis, Antanas Vireliūnas called the dictionaries of terms nouns, dictionaries are also called the international word lexicon. All these synonyms are mentioned in the LKŽ only in their own dictionary articles. The dictionary created and first used the term common to all today by Jurgis Ambraziejus Pabrėža, and it was distributed and established by the newspaper Aušra (Balašaitis 1984: 95). Medžiaga tyrimui rinkta iš visų LKŽe 20 tomų, neimant papildymų kartotekos data, so it is necessary to emphasize that the results reflect the image of the dictionary that developed in Lithuanian worldview until the 21st century. 3 It is obvious that these sentences were written by informants who undoubtedly had dealings with lexicographers: How much money you put into that dictionary! "Scratch" (feat. All of the words in the dictionary are taken from the English dictionary. sympathetic). AURELIJA GRITĖNĖ. Vocabulary image in the Lithuanian dictionary | 4 BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 1. SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF LKŽe ILLUSTRATIVE MATERIAL The author of a single illustration in the LKŽ is either individualized (the name of the person from whose writings the illustration is taken is indicated at the end of the sentence) or anonymous (the authors are hidden by the common abbreviations rš, sp, Klb, LKK, LK, B, etc.), but in general terms we can say that the entire hypertext of the dictionary was created by one collective creator – the whole Lithuanian nation. Regarding the specific image of the dictionary, it is necessary to clarify that the hypertext data in the LKŽe analyzed in this study show the image of the dictionary created by linguists – researchers of lexicography, grammar, dialectology and other fields of language science, as well as cultural figures and creators of fictional literature close to them. Usually, all semantic analyses are based on the meanings of words in explanatory dictionaries or their illustrative material. A dictionary is a paper or electronic book intended for non-continuous reading, in which words or combinations of words are presented in a certain order (usually alphabetical), with or without explanations, illustrations or translations into another language. In this study, based on the illustrative 4 sentences in LKŽe (or more precisely – the statements that are said by these sentences), the following most important visual characteristics of the dictionary are distinguished: dictionary structure, type, author, volume, lexicographic material, progress of work, difficulties in preparing dictionaries, dictionaries’ shortcomings and value. Below, each of these signs will be discussed in more detail. The structure of a dictionary comprises two types of structure: macrostructure (the general structure of the dictionary, the order of its major parts and the dictionary articles) and microstructure (the structure of individual words). žodyninio straipsnio sandarą) (Jakaitienė 2005: 33). The macrostructure of the dictionary (introduction, word order, abbreviations, illustrations, etc.) is mentioned in several illustrations of the LKŽ: The “introduction” of the dictionary is a list of some problematic issues of pronunciation and spelling 5 K1K53,47 (see list). Words 4 See the definition of the dictionary in the LKŽ, as well as in the Contemporary Lithuanian Language Dictionary (http://lkiis.lki.lt/dabartinis) and the General Lithuanian Language Dictionary (http://bkz.lki.lt/). 5 The examples in the article are quoted from the electronic version of LKŽe (see www.lkz.lt). Abbreviations are the same as in the dictionary. The parentheses indicate the word from which the article is taken as an example. AURELIJA GRITĖNĖ. Žodyno vaizdinys Lietuvių kalbos žodyne | 5 Būgos žodyne rikiuojami alfabeto BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 tvarka LKI103 (ž. rikiuoti). In the Bögiškas žodynas, minor nouns are not joined to the main noun, but edited as separate articles LKI104 (see šlieti). In dictionaries, the tilde is used to indicate repeated words or parts of words. In dictionaries and grammar we use several punctuation marks to mark accents J. Jabl (see dictionary). The second major change made by J. Jablonski in the [Juška] dictionary is the marking of all words with LKV244 (see marking). In my dictionary for each word will be inserted sentences, from which it will be easier to understand the meaning of the word K. Būg (see understand). Illustrations for the microstructure of the vocabulary talk about the heading words, their order of appearance, etc. : The title word of the dictionary article rš (see title). The noun is the main form of the conjugated word, in which the word is written in dictionaries, lists, headings MLTEII443 (see noun). 3. DICTIONARY TYPE Dictionaries are divided into types based on various criteria. According to the source of information, it is customary to distinguish linguistic and encyclopedic dictionaries. There is only one illustration found in the LKŽ mentioning an encyclopedic dictionary: Enciklopedinis žodynas DŽ (see encyclopedic). In the LKŽ discourse, the focus is on linguistic dictionaries. There are different types of them. The following dictionaries are listed according to the number of languages: Monolingual explanatory dictionaries are usually normative (see monolingual). Bilingual dictionary DŽ (ž. bilingvis). "The Trilingual Dictionary" (PDF) (PDF). It appears that Urepelio publishes even two dictionary – trilingual and monolingual K. Būg (see monolingual). "Dictionary of English-Swahili (DSS)" (PDF). The dictionaries are also divided by volume, form and purpose: Pocket dictionary DŽ (see pocket). "Dictionary Lilliput DŽ (ž. liliputas)". "Dictionary of Practical Cases" (PDF). The illustrations in LKŽ mention various types of monolingual dictionary. In the order of the words, we find this type of dictionary: Boogie dictionary alphabetical, not bundle rs (see bundle). Most of the types of dictionaries are found according to the described units and the way of presenting information: The Booga dictionary is partly translational, partly explanatory LKI113 (see translational). "Standard English-French dictionary" (PDF) (279 kB). The dictionary is intermediate in nature between the comprehensive and selective BVIII204 (see intermediate). The hypertext in LKŽ also mentions dimensional dictionaries: I have collected a lot of material for the etymology dictionary K. Būg (see material). Inverse AURELIJA GRITĖNIENĖ. Žodyno vaizdinys Lietuvių kalbos žodyne | 6 BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 žodynas rš (ž. žodynas). Rašomosios kalbos žodynui šnektų žodžialytės neturi jokios svarbos "K. Bög" (in Swedish). For a long time Lithuanian lexicography had a visible gap – we did not have a special general pronunciation dictionary K1K53,44 (see žiojėti). There are several illustrations that talk about various special dictionaries: In addition to the plant nomenclature, J. Pabrėža has written a dictionary of morphological botanical terms KlbXVIII11 (see nomenclature). The most commonly used are those that appear in translational scientific literature, in translational dictionaries of terms and are the translator’s reworking of KlK27,32 (see translational). "Dictionary of the English Language" (PDF). A thematic dictionary would be a real helper for writers, helping them to find the right word meaning, promote less commonly used or less known words and their meanings. "Dictionary of the English Language" (PDF). It is the official language of the Republic of Lithuania (see List of Lithuanian languages). Sometimes the illustration indicates the name of a specific dictionary: The "Dictionary of Lithuanian Language" by Boge is a thesaurus-type dictionary LKI113 (see thesaurus). All my time is being taken up by the “Writing and Council Dictionary”, which I would like to finish by New Year’s Eve. [Šlapelio „Lietuvių ir rusų kalbų žodynas“] opened up to the letter K J. Balč 6 (see opened). 4. DICTIONARY AUTHOR(S) In some LKŽ illustrations, the authors of the dictionary are named in a very general, non-individualized way. Lexicographers are called dictionary compilers, editors, writers, etc. : I became the editor of the dictionary K. Būg (see editor). "J. J. Abrams (producer)". What order do the dictionary writers follow in this division of their words for the readers? J. Jabl (reader). The dictionaries (dictionaries) writer KII26 (see dictionaries). The first compiler of the great encyclopedic Arabic dictionary EncIV1187 (see compiler). The entire team of editors – the dictionary editors: The dictionary editors need to receive three copies of Lalio dictionary KlbXIV64(K.Būg) (see editors). The editorial staff of the Lithuanian Language Dictionary was assembled from the most important representatives of the Lithuanian language dialects. telkti). 6 In the LKŽ, a word implied from the written context in square brackets is considered equivalent to the other words in the sentence in this article. AURELIJA GRITĖNĖ. The image of the dictionary in the Lithuanian language dictionary | 7 BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 LKŽe diskurse daug dažniau nurodomos konkrečios žodynų autorių pavardės: Konstantinas Sirvydas, Kazimieras Daukša, Kristijonas Gotlybas Milkas, Simonas Daukantas, Dionizas Poška, Fridrichas Kuršaitis, Mykolas Miežinis, Antanas Juška, Kazimieras Būga, Jurgis Šlapelis, Jonas Jablonskis and others. Only in rare cases is the author of the dictionary and the work itself mentioned without any broader context: Daukanto žodrodys K. Būg (see žodrodis). "Neselman, J.J. (Dictionary)". More detailed, wider-context illustrations deal with specific words given by the authors of the dictionaries: Širvydas (= Sirvydas) in the fifth edition of his dictionary has trademarked K. Būg (see fifth). The word miresiuoti K. Daukša's dictionary suggests to write mirėsiuoti "gaimuroti" K. Būg (see miresiuoti). The dictionaries of several authors are compared, the influence of one dictionaries on another is discussed, the changes in the editors of the dictionaries are discussed, etc. : Šlapelio dictionary promises to be more verbal than Kuršaitis dictionary K. Būg (see verbal). Kuršatas... the whole Mielkis dictionary was listened to by LTI417(A.Baran). This is also the case with the phrase "J. J. Bach" (see below). The letter "M" in the name is derived from the Greek letter μ (m). The material of K. Būg (see material) should be used, which is suitable for Juškevičius's dictionary and for Jaunius's dictionary. A lot is written about the devotion of dictionaries to their work: [D. Poška] spent his entire life loading the Lithuanian dictionary A1884,16 (see dictionary). Father Miežinis died, and his dictionary V. Kudir (v. pamirti) also died. The following works are mentioned: Lithuanian words were translated into Polish by A. Juška in the dictionary LKV170 in a short, laconic way (see translate). Šlapelis combined the text of the dictionary with written language, but did not add anything; much from the original did not depart J. Balč (see draw). All the material obtained from them … J. Jablonski intended to use for his articles or the dictionary KlbV54 (see use). 5. VOLUME OF THE VOCABULARY The volume of the vocabulary a) volumes, b) arcs, c) pages or headers a) Singular dictionary DŽ1 (see singular). "Dictionary of žodžių skaičius: two-word terms". "Sixth Edition" (PDF) (6th ed.). Plural dictionary rs (see plural); AURELIJA GRITĖNĖ. Vocabulary image in the Lithuanian dictionary | 8 b) The vocabulary can be BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 between five and ten arcs LKGII607 (see between); c) I don’t feel the size of the dictionary yet. Only I think it will be about 4000-6000 pages (large format) KlbXIV164(K.Būg). The dictionary will be large – about 8 or 10 thousand pages K. Būg (z. tūkstantis). But in my perception A. J[uškas] Dictionary will not have more through 35,000 words Vaižg (see drainage). Sometimes the volume of the vocabulary is described by adjectives huge, fateful, etc. : Works 7 (see destiny). It was the intention of Būga to include in the dictionary all the words used in rašai tamsta milžinišką mūsų kalbos žodyną Jn (ž. darbus). Iš to jau pasidarė lemtas žodynas prš Lithuanian and used sp (see zamoti). To write a dictionary, a variety of material must first be collected. For the academic dictionary, words were collected from living language and various writings. The dictionary image collected and pulled Lithuanian words from the Lithuanian language dictionary kartotekon rš tyrimui atrinktose iliustracijose daugiausia ir kalbama apie šį darbą: Daug žodynui primeškeriojau 1916–1919 metais K.Būg (ž. primeškerioti). Kaip skruzdėlė jis (M. Untulis) (see pull). The words selected from various sources and their examples of use are written on separate cards – a dictionary card is created: Dictionary card DZ (see card). The card library determined the volume and even the structure of the dictionary. Not so much of Juškevičius’ dictionary as of my material (card dictionary!) by K. Būg (see card). Some authors draw into the dictionaries all the words in the language: The content of the dictionary includes all the words in the Lithuanian language, without any distinction K. Būg (v. skirtas). Some of our compatriots (patriots) do not like my dictionary very much with its borrowed TŽII464(K.Būg) (see compatriot). A. Juška also did not avoid rude and vulgar words and phrases, not considering them inappropriate for the dictionary and the reading public in general LKV151 (see vulgarus). Sometimes the illustrations highlight or emphasize some special layer of the lexical vocabulary: These words do not pollute the language for them and are supposed to be added to the dictionary K. Būg (see polluted). Perhaps most of the examples of language given in the dictionary are translations by M. Birž (see given). Notwithstanding In J. Juška’s edits, the printed part of the dictionary contains words usually avoided in written language 7 "Small, Big, Big". AURELIJA GRITĖNĖ. The 159th edition of the Dictionary of the English Language (159th ed.). The BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 drawing of such dialectisms into dialect dictionaries is a completely new thing in dialectological lexicography BXIII308 (see drawing). 7. STAGES OF THE GLOSSARY From the illustrations in the LKŽe we can easily trace the progress of the dictionary preparation. First of all, lexicographic material must be collected: The collection of vocabulary material was linked to another major work – the collection of folklore. The words would be useful to collect in a dictionary with their meaning and meaning stories (see story). (see Paskui žodžiai dėliojami pagal abėcėlę: Abėcėliškas žodyno kortelių dėstymas K.Būg alphabetical). After the repository is arranged, the dictionary text is created: I started to reprint the dictionary from the cards into notebooks KlbXIV165(K.Būg) (see rewriting). Put word by word – you will have a dictionary J. Balč (see dictionary). Later, the editor is involved in the dictionary preparation. Most illustrations about the editing of A. Juška's dictionary: Jablonskis has edited part of A. Juška's dictionary (ejūra), which gave the literary language a number of new words LKI47 (see edit). J. Jablonskis was the only editor [of A. Juška’s dictionary], who essentially edited the Polish translation of LKV243 (see the only one). When editing the language of Jablonski [A. Juška] dictionary, written in many places in the dialect of the region where it was collected, J. Balč uniformized and brought it closer to the western Highland dialect (see uniformize). I have not received any other money for the editing of J[uška]'s Dictionary KlbV106(J.Jabl) (see editing). J. Jablonskis, having agreed to be editor, dreamed of arranging and publishing the entire dictionary of A. Juška LKV237 (see edit). 2000: The 3rd edition of the dictionary is published, with corrections to 232 pages (up to the cretal) by K. Būg (see proofreading). With the dictionary tamsta, I suppose, you will already be familiar from the proofreading sheets K. Būg (see pronounce). The edited dictionary is submitted for printing: I think that the printing of the dictionary can be started in the autumn of 1923 by K. Būg (see press). The first booklet of the dictionary K. Būg (see booklet) may appear in autumn. It will be 3 years since he gave the manuscript of that dictionary to one of the printers, V. Kudir (see printer). The active business forces the author to continue the stopped printing work of the dictionary K. Būg (see printing). Today the dictionary has collected already two arku (32 pages) – up to the word akis KlbXIV166(K.Būg) (see collected). AURELIJA GRITĖNĖ. 16 LLE – Lietuvos literatūros enciklopedija, Vilnius: Lietuvos literatūros ir BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 tautosakos institutas, Nastopka K. 2010: Literatūros semiotika, Vilnius: Baltos lankos. 2001. Nepokupnas A. 2002: The dictionary is an alphabetical list of the whole world in Lithuania and Lithuania in the world. – Seimas Chronicle: Special No. 22 (228), July 29, 2002, 1421. Access on the Internet: http://www6.lrs.lt/kronikos/pdf/030101/k-22.pdf (Accessed 2017-08-28). Papaurėlytė S. 2003: Metaphors of Sorrow in Lithuanian and Russian Languages. – Philology 8, 25–31. Accessed online: http://etalpykla.lituanistikadb.lt/fedora/objects/LT-LDB0001:J.04~2003~1367184529404/- 2017 09 04). Papaurėlytė-Klovienė S. 2007: Lingvistinės kultūrologijos bruožai, Šiauliai: VšĮ Šiaulių datastreams/DS.002.0.01. ARTIC/content (viewed University publishing house. 2002: Monument to the Nation. – Twenty volumes of the Lithuanian Language Dictionary. Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, 21–26. Pupkis A. 2013: Juozas Balčikonis and the great “Dictionary of Lithuanian Language”, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute. Sabaliauskas A. 1997: Kazimieras Būga and Lithuanian lexicography. – Lithuanian Linguistics Issues 37, 1–4. Sverdiolas A. 2006: About the Pamėklinė being, Vilnius: Baltos lankos, 173-176. Šimėnaitė Z. 2010: Relations between Lithuanian and Polish lexicography (Związki leksykografii polskiej I litewskiej). – Linguistic and cultural heritage of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Bydgoszcz, 158–166. Toporovas V. 2009: When the Great Dictionary of Lithuanian Language was published. – Vladimir Toporov and Lithuania. Composed by A. Sabaliauskas, J. Zabarskaitė. Vilnius: 261–273. Lithuanian Language Institute, VLE – Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia, Vilnius: Science and Encyclopedias Publishing Center. T. 24, 2013. Zabarskaitė J. 2010: Political worldview in the great Lithuanian dictionary (state, law, power). – Parliamentary studies 9. Vilnius: Lithuanian National Martyno AURELIJA GRITĖNIENĖ. Žodyno vaizdinys Lietuvių kalbos žodyne | 17 BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 Mažvydo biblioteka, 126–143. Prieiga internete: http://www.parlamentostudijos.lt/Nr9/9_kalba_1.htm (žiūrėta 2017 09 05). Zabarskaitė J. 2012: Another Reading of the Great Lithuanian Dictionary: Adalbertas Bezzenbergeris, marios, pamarys, pamariškis. – Little Lithuania: research on border culture. Composed by G. Blažienė, N. Morozova, J. Zabarskaitė. Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute, Zinkevičius 239–271. Z. 1981: Linguist K. Būga, Kaunas: Šviesa. Žagrakalytė A. 2013: Eigulio duktė: byla F 117, Vilnius: Tyto alba. Įteikta 2017 09 19 Adopted 08/12/2017 THE MENTAL IMAGE OF THE DICTIONARY IN THE DICTIONARY OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE Su mmary The importance of the academic Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (Lietuvių kalbos žodynas) for various interdisciplinary research has been written many times. Its motive is constantly appearing in non-academic texts also. So the concept of the dictionary for the semantic mental image’s analysis has been deliberately chosen. Looking at the lexicographic articles of the great dictionary as a specific discourse created in a certain way and reading them in different cuts, we can find various data about the features of Lithuanian worldview and world outlook. The goal of this article is to analyze the semantic mental image of the dictionary formed in the hypertext of the academic dictionary and to determine which mental image’s features are considered to be the most important, most relevant, using a wide and different discourse of the 20 volumes of the dictionary. In order to achieve this goal, several specific tasks were set out: in the way of researching the collected material by interpretative, analytical descriptive and semantic analysis methods to AURELIJA GRITĖNĖ. The objective of this article is to describe the structure, types, volume, BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 authors, material of the dictionary, to represent the course of the lexicographical works and the difficulties which the dictionary makers faced during the preparation of dictionaries, to highlight the disadvantages which are noticeable in the dictionaries and show the value of dictionaries. horizontally. 211 head words were found reading the lexicographic articles in this The research material was collected by looking vertically to all 20 volumes of the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language and reading the hypertext of the dictionary way, the illustrations of them contain a lexeme dictionary. The vast majority (even 98 %) of the illustrations used with the lexeme dictionary were written out from the various authors’ (mainly linguists, cultural and public figures) written sources. The dictionary is also mentioned in the various academic publications (in the journals, Grammar of the Lithuanian language, other dictionaries, etc.). Only 2 illustrations with a lexeme dictionary are written from the living language. So the data of the hypertext of the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language analyzed in this study shows the mental image of dictionary which was formed by the linguistic specialists – lexicographers, grammarians, dialectologists and the researchers of other language science fields, and also by the cultural activists and fiction writers. The material for the research was collected from all 20 volumes, only the data of Complement Card Index was eliminated, and this is why it is important to describe that the final results reflect the mental image of the dictionary formed in the Lithuanian worldview till the 21st century. After the semantic analysis of the illustrative material of the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, the following main features of the dictionary’s mental image are distinguished: the structure, type, author, volume, lexicographic material of the dictionary, course of lexicographic works, difficulties faced preparing the dictionaries, the disadvantages and value of the dictionaries. The analysis of all illustrative samples with the lexeme dictionary shows that it is completely enough to have the data accumulated in the academic dictionary incase to make the detailed mental image of the dictionary. Because the second meaning of the word dictionary is very concrete, practical, so the formed generalized mental image of it is objective and clearly defined. AURELIJA GRITĖNĖ. The investigated material allows to arrange such a generalized dictionary’s BENDRINĖ KALBA 90 (2017) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 mental image formed in the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language: the dictionary is a printed or manuscript book composed of one, several, dozen or few dozen volumes and written by a macrostructure and microstructure; after collecting the material from one or various sources single author or a collective; it is written in accordance with a certain instruction, it has its (most often making the card index) the words or word combinations are presented alphabetically, by themes or according other system in the dictionary, usually the meaning of the word is described, it is also possible to specify the origin, history, geography of the word, to submit grammatical, accentuate, stylistic and other information, the samples of use, translations to one or few languages; such a publication has a practical and academic value (it is useful for learning your or foreign language, it is needed as the source for the various research of the language and culture). Obviously, the mental image of the dictionary would be slightly different when entering the 21st century, however the comparing of the dictionary’s mental image in nowadays and how it changed could be the research object of the other article. KEYWORDS: dictionary, mental image, illustrative sentence, semantics, The Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language. AURELIJA GRITĖNIENĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Petro Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania [email protected]