Naujažodžių pateikimas ir paieškos galimybės „Lietuvių kalbos naujažodžių duomenyne“

BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 RITA MILIŪNAITĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas SUBMISSION OF NEW WORDS AND SEARCH OPPORTUNITIES IN THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE NEW WORDS DATA BASE KEY WORDS: lexicography, new words, digital resources, language technologies. INTRODUCTION The rapidly developing language technologies worldwide rely on digital language resources – dictionaries, databases, textbooks and similar more or less systematic and scientifically described collections of language data for various purposes, and in recent years – increasingly on other kinds of digital information (big data). Digital Lithuanian language resources are also increasingly being viewed not as separate, different sources traditionally used for scientific or practical purposes, but as Lithuanian language data needed for the common digital market of the world’s languages. It uses multilingual data to build digital tools and services (web search engines, machine translation tools, semantic word networks, and ultimately artificial intelligence). Such a need in the context of globalization and internetization is primarily driven by the political, economic and cultural relations of the multilingual world community, whose free development is also impeded by language differences (see Rivera Pastor et al. 2017). The European institutions emphasize that the languages of all European Union countries are recognized as equal, but the few dominant major languages, especially English, are more technologically advanced, and this creates linguistic inequality. Therefore, ways are being sought to stimulate research and related technological development and innovation in European languages. The online Lithuanian New Words Database (hereinafter – ND, http://naujazodziai.lki.lt), created by the Lithuanian Language Institute since the end of 2011, is also one of the important resources of the modern Lithuanian language. It accumulates new 21st century vocabulary, reflecting the recent decades of Lithuanian language vocabulary, its semantic, morphological, Rita Miliūnaitė. Presentation of new words and search possibilities Changes in the structure of the BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 Lithuanian language new words database |2. At the same time, this database is a tool for the study of the lexicon of the new Lithuanian language and the standardization of its layer necessary for the common language. The ND was started as a part of the project “Baltic and Baltic Sea Regions Digital Library”, Šiaurės šalių dalys atviroje Europos lingvistinėje infrastruktūroje“ (META-NORD) dalis. co-financed by the European Commission. 1 The Lithuanian language digital resource system “E. language“ and will eventually enter the multilingual semantic network of words. For this purpose, ND data – already accumulated and constantly updated – must be specially prepared and described. Therefore, it is useful to look at the new words of this digital resource themselves, to examine their peculiarities and to reveal the problems of their description. Thus, the object of the article is the new vocabulary accumulated in ND and its semantic, structural and functional characteristics. A practical question directly related to the characteristics of new words and their description is: what information and what search methods can be obtained from the ND today by new word researchers and all users of the database. The aim of this article is to describe the data search possibilities provided by ND and their development directions and to reveal how this relates to the peculiarities of new words. To achieve this goal, the tasks are: 1) to describe the most important characteristics of ND new words and the principles of data presentation, 2) to describe the ND search system, 3) to discuss possible directions of ND new words research and the related possibilities of data search development. 1. SYSTEMISATION OF INFORMATION ON NEW WORDS The new words are provided by the worldwide published dictionaries of new words. Some languages have more than one, and they are often released at certain intervals. However, such work is rarely done by individual researchers. The dictionaries of new words are usually prepared as long-term projects by large publishers with extensive experience in the publication of dictionaries or by observatories of neology operating within linguistic institutions (Guerra 2016: 528, 531). Researchers of modern-day dictionaries (i.e., primarily paper dictionaries) note that such works are important as a reflection of lexical and semantic changes in a language over a certain period and have a lasting value. New words can be used for a short time, not all of them enter the general dictionaries, but there is a constant neology 1 In the middle of 2018, the Institute of Lithuanian Language started a two-and-a-half-year project “Development of the Lithuanian Language Resource Information System (E. Language)”, implemented under the implementation measure No. 02.3.1-CPVA-V-527 “Lithuanian Language in Information Technologies” of Priority 2 “Promotion of the Information Society” of the Operational Programme for Investments of the European Union Funds for 2014-2020. Rita Miliūnaitė. Presentation of new words and search possibilities The Lithuanian language new words BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 database |3 is a part of the process, showing word formation tendencies and even more – it marks gyvenimo pokyčius ir leidžia juose orientuotis (Guerra 2016: 529). Lietuvių leksikografijos praktikoje ND nėra įprastas darbas, nes naujoji leksika essential social and cultural features of the Lithuanian language. Until now, Lithuanian language dictionaries have mainly acquired digital form from paper, i.e. printed, consistently edited version with final text. By digitizing paper dictionaries, access to the data becomes more convenient, and various computer search options are created. Dozens of such dictionaries for the Lithuanian language or multilingual digital dictionaries can be found on their individual and common websites. For example, see. The Lithuanian language digital resource system “E. language” (http://lkiis.lki.lt) or the integrated Lithuanian language and writing resources information system “Raštija” 2 (https://www.raštija.lt) 3 . More and more lexicographic works are written bypassing the printed form (or it becomes secondary). When preparing digital dictionaries, it is possible to think in advance about a more acceptable way of describing data in digital form (for example, not saving space for examples) and, with computer editing tools, to present them more systematically and uniformly, and if necessary, to complete, correct, reclassify, etc. ND, like the General Digital lietuvių kalbos žodynas (BLKŽ) ar Naujųjų skolinių duomenų bazė (NSDB) 4 , kuriamas kaip Collection of systematized data on the current Lithuanian language vocabulary. The accumulation of new words encourages and accelerates research in this field – not only of new borrowings, but especially of new creations, for which there seems to have been no separate, at least minimally lexicographically processed digital resource in the Lithuanian language so far. Since 2011, several articles have been published about the new words presented in the ND. They deal with theoretical problems of new word research and practical issues of new word management. The main attention is paid to the content of the database: the concept of new words, methods of data collection and selection, systematizing principles, structural and semantic characteristics of specific groups of new words (for example, contamination derivatives). 2 In a couple of years, this website will have a new web address, but it will still be accessible at this old address. 3 It should be noted that the developers of this website have chosen its address with the Lithuanian diacritical mark š, thus showing that the technical limitations of the Internet are no longer an obstacle for such signs. 4 At the end of 2018, this database indicates the existence of 2246 new borrowed words and their derivatives, and the period of their appearance in usage is calculated from the Restoration of Independence, so NSDB covers a decade more than ND and its editors consider the 1985 Dictionary of International Words as one of the most important reference dictionaries (for comparison: ND – the 2001 Dictionary of International Words). Rita Miliūnaitė. Presentation of new words and search possibilities in the Lithuanian language new words BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 database |4 semantic analysis and others (see Miliūnaitė 2014, 2015; Murmulaitytė 2014, 2016a, 2016b, 2016c, 2018 and others). Without repeating the content of those articles, it is only worth recalling that the concept of the new word varies in Lithuanian and foreign linguistic works. The most important criteria for the classification of new words are usually considered to be the following: the time factor (the appearance of new words from the chosen starting point), the lexicographic criterion (the word is not recorded in lexicographic works), the instability of word form and semantics (the form of new words tends to vary, and the meaning is sometimes unsettled for some time, difficult to define) and neological perception, or perception of novelty (language users feel that the word is new, unusual, sometimes even strange) (see Kerremans 2015: 31–32; Guerra 2016: 529). In essence, these criteria are based on and ND lexicon atranka. At the end of 2018, the ND headline consists of nearly 5,000 new words and about 19,000 examples of their use. About 400-500 new words are described every year, although the database records almost twice as many. It should be recalled that ND data are collected manually, so their quantity is not an adequate reflection of the entire current neology process in Lithuanian language. There are attempts to create new word traps in Lithuanian (primarily from Internet data), but we will not have the level that other language technologies have reached in this regard in the near future (see Kerremans, Stegmayr, Schmid 2011: 59–96; Kerremans 2015: 78–92). ND new words are described according to similar principles as in established practice of foreign new words dictionaries in order to fully reveal the most important features of new words. It is true that, in order to present the data to the public in a timely manner, it is not always possible to identify some of the characteristics of new words at once, or the aptiktą žodį turima nepakankamai. Todėl apsibrėžta, kokios rūšies informaciją apie naujažodį pateikti ND yra privaloma, o kuri trūktinais atvejais gali būti papildoma vėliau. Informacija information about just about each new word in ND is systematized and presented in two blocks. I. General information about the new word: 1) the title word (or combination), 2) the pronounced form of the title word and the pronunciation of the words of the corresponding parts of speech (if it can be determined); 3) classification of new words according to form characteristics (distinguishing new words with borrowed roots, new ones, new meanings of words, etc.); 5 5 There is no single established classification of new words in Lithuanian and foreign linguistics. In general, new words are classified according to their structural and semantic characteristics (see Zabotkina 1989: 8–26). Rita Miliūnaitė. Presentation of new words and search possibilities in the Lithuanian language new words BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 database |5 4) grammatical features (language part and other characteristic grammatical features – invariant, recursive or noun form, etc.); 5) form variants (most often written, less often verbal); 6) the origin of new words, and the form of the original for borrowed or translated words; 7) new works – the type of the work, the formant of the work and the meaning of the work (these characteristics sometimes require special investigations and therefore are not always indicated immediately); 8) special (possibly important for searches) features of new words (e.g., authorial, individual, created by expatriates, etc.); 9) related words; 10) data providers (it is important to record and encourage language users’ initiatives, therefore the first data provider who submitted the new word is listed); 11) the date of submission of the information to the ND and its update. Since the new word may have more than one meaning, the information in the second block is presented for each meaning separately. II. 1998-1999 Meaning(s) and use of the new word. 1) definition of the new word; 2) notes for consumers (where appropriate, providing normative information, for example, indicating the availability of debt equivalents, consumption recommendations, etc.); 3) thematic area of consumption (there may be more than one, for example ‘food’ and ‘business’); 4) codification (indicates whether the new word is somehow codified or whether its evaluation varies with respect to norms); 5) functional and expressive shades; 6) other options (if any); 7) semantic connections with other ND new words; 8) examples of use and dated sources and authors (if any). Examples of usage with specific metrics of the sources in which the new words are used are very important, because they not only prove that the new word really exists for at least some time in a certain context, but also record the date when it really functioned, and occasionally – the exact time of its appearance. All these data about new words form the basis for creating the search engine ND, which would allow to filter information about new words by various sections. The ND classification is constantly improved; several classification alternatives emerge, depending on the choice of different classification bases. RITA MILIŪNAITĖ. Naujažodžių pateikimas ir paieškos galimybės Lietuvių kalbos naujažodžių duomenyne |6 BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 2. PAIEŠKOS GALIMYBĖS NAUJAŽODŽIŲ DUOMENYNE With the constant flow of new words and the increasing volume of ND, it is important not only to master the data of this resource and to systematize them in order to describe and present them in the most useful way for both science and practice. It is important that as many aspects of ND use as possible are revealed to users. Since the end of 2011, the search options have been expanded several times. What are they designed for? 2.1. Search needs and capabilities ND, as a collection of new phenomena, provides new systematized, elsewhere unpublished knowledge about lexical changes in the Lithuanian language in the 21st century. This naturally creates a space that attracts both ordinary language users, who are often curious, and participants in the Lithuanian language teaching process (teachers, lecturers, pupils and students), as well as researchers of language innovations. In view of these target groups, the ND search engine is being developed. It should be emphasized that ND is not a simple dictionary. The most important differences between the two types of dictionary are the following. The search power depends a lot on this. First, the difference is in the nature of the data collection and description. Since the emergence of new words is unpredictable, they are collected as much as they are found in various sources of current usage. Therefore, the data are not described on a systematic basis (i.e. not consistently in semantic groups and in detail according to the production nests, as in the BLKŽ, for example), but only those that are recorded. The completeness of the verb nest is usually determined by the frequency and popularity of new words. For example, the construction slot of the word instagramas, which is currently commonly used, is rapidly filling up: instagrameris, -ė; instagramming; instagraminis, -ė; Instagramming; instagramintojas, -a; Instagraminess. The question of representativity of data is also related to systematic approach (see Liutkevičienė, Murmulaitytė 2015: 87–88; Murmulaitytė 2016a: 20). In this way, the representativeness and reliability of the information collected as ND grows along with the increasing amount of data and their diversity, and the subjective aspect grows along with the expanding data sources 6 and the number of data providers. Thus, the scientific value of ND data increases over time. 6 The work of collecting the constantly changing vocabulary involves various forms of involvement of the public. This practice is widely used in foreign lexicography (see Abel, Meyer 2013). Rita Miliūnaitė. Secondly, ND is not suitable for directly applying the usual information search in BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 dictionaries to find more information about it (to learn about semantic, grammatical and stylistic modelį. Paprastai žodynuose paieška pradedama nuo žinomo antraštinio žodžio, norint rasti features, origin, usage characteristics, normativity, equivalents in other languages, etc.). Many ND words are not known to users because of their novelty, so searching from the heading is often not possible. Therefore, the question arises, what and how can be searched in the ND, so that users get as much and more diverse information about the new vocabulary of the Lithuanian language? 2.2. Search methods At the end of 2018, multiple access to ND data is available. 1) Search ND section News. After entering the ND website, users see the constantly updated ND news next to the headline. This is information to satisfy the first curiosity – about more special cases that stand out from the flow of new words (see Figure 1). Opening any of the dozens of News pages, you can find interesting new words presented in descending chronological order. This information often reveals to the public important political, social and cultural events, which immediately acquire a linguistic expression. To name or emotionally color a new object, phenomenon or event, people create new ones (e.g., drone; nature; kėdžmogis; backpack; false media; naisus, -i; pakramtukas; seimonautas), and 7 with foreign news come borrowed ones (e.g., cymatics, occupendum, oganesson, trampokalipsė) or valuable ones (e.g., newsletter, orlentė, facebook). Since the links to new words are active in the news messages, clicking on the highlighted new word leads directly to its article, where you can find links to ND related words (a), semantically related words (b) and usage variants (c), for example: (a) skating – roller-skating, roller-skiing, roller-skater, -ė; link – bookmark, link word, webpage, website, etc. ; (b) tortilla: burrito, enchilada, quesadilla, nacho, taco; sushi – nori, nigiri, temaki, uramakis and others. ; selfie – drone, group, animal; 7 Visų pavyzdžiuose pateiktų naujažodžių reikšmes ir daugiau informacijos apie juos galima rasti ND (http://www.soundcloud.com). RITA MILIŪNAITĖ. Naujažodžių pateikimas ir paieškos galimybės Lietuvių kalbos naujažodžių duomenyne |8 BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 (c) flashmob – a gathering, a squeeze, a flash mob; feisbukietis, -ė – feisbukėnas, -ė; facebook user, -ė; Facebook, -ė. 1 PAV. ND news page 2) Search for new words in the headline. If the user knows in advance what word ND will search for and wants to get more information about it, the search can be performed in the usual ways for digital dictionaries, i.e. in the list of all heading words visible on the left side of ND website – the heading. For example, when you hear or otherwise discover a new word, you can try to find it in ND (see Figure 2). Rita Miliūnaitė. Presentation of new words and search possibilities in the Lithuanian language new words BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 database |9 2 PAV. When you learn a new word, for example, body, you can try to search for it in ND If the search word is not in the ND heading, it is suggested to send it to the database editors (see Figure 3). 3 PAV. As soon as the new word piguule appeared in the usage, ND reacted to his search by suggesting to send this word to the database editors Rita Miliūnaitė. Presentation of new words and search possibilities The Lithuanian language new words BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 Išsamų naujažodžių aprašymą labai sunkina tai, kad kai kurie tyrimai reikalauja database |16 takes a lot of time and scientific resources. For example, in order to determine some of the systemic characteristics of a new word, it is necessary to clarify its language of origin, the way of its emergence (value or derivative, new word or new meaning, etc., see Miliūnaitė 2015: 174–180). It often happens that the new borrowings that can be detected in Lithuanian public usage have not yet been described by the major English-language dictionaries, so the origin and meaning of such new words can be determined only by more examples of use (and there are many of them at first). By improving the ND search system, the database becomes more and more suitable for researching language contacts, as well as new tendencies in Lithuanian language production, because at present it is the only data source in which efforts are made to record novelties in various areas of usage and at least to describe them lexicographically. Research in this field is being carried out at the Institute of Lithuanian Language, and in the long term there will be both scientific works and services for the public, in which the results of this research will be applied. SUMMARY 1.The constantly expanding collection of the new 21st-century Lithuanian language vocabulary – the Lithuanian Language New Words Database – allows us to look at this layer of the language systematically and to present and describe new words according to the principles commonly used in the world of neology lexicography, the typical practice and the universal characteristics of new words in many languages. At the same time, the accumulation, systematization and primary research of new words reveal such characteristics of them that encourage more detailed research of the new lexicon and allow the creation of new models of their description. The flow of new words processed lexicographically and the parallel research of new words make this process extremely dynamic. The development of more and more new data forms the ir susisteminama, tuo daugiau išryškėja naujų naujažodžių ypatybių. ND duomenys ir jų basis for the following research directions: a) the nature of changes in the most actively renewing areas of Lithuanian language use and language use media (the functioning of new vocabulary in the media, electronic communication, individual areas of social activity – science, business, advertising, computing, entertainment, tourism, etc.); b) characteristics of the origin of new words (ratio of native and borrowed elements, their competition and impact on the common Lithuanian language system); RITA MILIŪNAITĖ. Naujažodžių pateikimas ir paieškos galimybės Lietuvių kalbos naujažodžių duomenyne |17 BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 c) nauji žodžių darybos polinkiai (darybos būdų ir priemonių aktualizavimas, changes in the meaning of the work – narrowing or widening, etc.); (d) changes in the meaning of words and prevailing tendencies; (e) features of the functioning of new words (e.g. competition of variants, reasons for acquiring or rejecting new words); f) problems of the codification of new phenomena (the formalization of new loanwords, the relationship of new phenomena of work and semantic innovations with the norm); g) stylistic features of the new vocabulary. 3.The ND search possibilities are developed and expanded based on the systemic and functional characteristics of new words, their state of research and taking into account the needs of different target groups. The publicly operating ND search system by parameters and its specialized version allows to learn new words in various ways. This information is already beginning to create added scientific and practical value, opening up new opportunities for its use: a) in the field of science: designing and carrying out research on new lexicon in various directions; b) in the educational system: encourages updating the teaching content and methodology and revitalizes the teaching process (teachers and lecturers actively use ND data, involve pupils and students in the learning and accumulation of new vocabulary); c) in business: 9 provides ideas for the creation of new goods, services, company names; d) in the field of public language education: helps people to become acquainted with changes in the Lithuanian language, to get to know the new Lithuanian vocabulary and its renewal potential. ŠALTINIAI BLKŽ – Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vyr. red. Danutė Liutkevičienė. Lietuvių kalbos institutas. Prieiga internete: http://bkz.lki.lt. ND – Lietuvių kalbos naujažodžių duomenynas. Tęstinis internetinis žinynas nuo 2011 m. Sud. ir ats. red. Rita Miliūnaitė, programuotojas Evaldas Ožeraitis. Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas. Prieiga internete: http://naujazodziai.lki.lt (žiūrėta 2018 m. spalį–lapkritį). 9 Plg. išvestinį ND kūrinį – Lietuvių kalbos naujažodžių tartuvą, kuriame, naudojant elektroninio teksto skaitytuvą (lietuvių šnekos sintezatorių), galima išgirsti, kaip tarti ir kirčiuoti naujai lietuvių kalboje atsiradusius žodžius (žr. https://liepa.rastija.lt/Tartuvas). RITA MILIŪNAITĖ. Naujažodžių pateikimas ir paieškos galimybės Lietuvių kalbos naujažodžių duomenyne |18 BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 NSDB – Naujųjų skolinių duomenų bazė, parengė Lietuvių kalbos instituto Sociolingvistikos skyrius, žr. http://nsdb.sociolingvistika.lt/. LITTERACY A be l A., M e y r C h. M. 2013: The dynamics outside the paper: user contributions to online dictionaries. – Proceedings of eLex 2013, 179–194. Access on the Internet: http://eki.ee/elex2013/proceedings/eLex2013_13_Abel+Meyer.pdf (viewed 2018 09 12). G ue rra A. R. 2016: Dictionaries of neologisms: a review and proposals for its improvement. – Open Linguistics 2 (1), 528–556. K e r r e m a n s D. 2015: A Web of New Words: A Corpus-Based Study of the Conventionalization Process of English Neologisms. – English Corpus Linguistics 15. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. K e r m a n s D., S teg m a y r S., S chm id H. J. 2011: The NeoCrawler: Identifying and Retrieving Neologisms from the Internet and Monitoring Ongoing Change. – Current methods in historical semantics. K. Allan, J. Robinson (eds.). De Gruyter Mouton, 59–96. D., M u r m u l a i ty t ė D. 2015: From the Present to the General Dictionary of Lithuanian Language. – Leksikography and lexicology 5, 83–146. M i l i u n a t e R. 2014: New contaminative forms in Lithuanian language. – Minutes Linguistica Lithuanica, 71, 246–264. M i l i u n a t e R. 2015: Selection and presentation of new words in the Lithuanian language new words database. – Lexicography and Lexicology 5, 161–184. M ur m u l ai t y t ė D. 2014: Systematic definitions of adverbs -iklis. – Common Language 87, 1–17. Access on the Internet: http://www.bendrinekalba.lt/Straipsniai/87/Murmulaityte_BK_87_straipsnis.pdf M u r m u l a it y tė D. 2016a: The new personal names in terms of creation and semantics. – Lithuanian language 10, 1–22. Access on the Internet: http://www.lietuviukalba.lt/index.php/lietuviu-kalba/article/view/200 M ur m u l ai t y t ė D. 2016b: New words database vocabulary on the way to Common Lithuanian kalbos žodyną. – Acta Linguistica Lithuanica 75, 46–66. Rita Miliūnaitė. Presentation of new words and search possibilities in the Lithuanian language new words BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 M ur m u l ai t y t ė D . 2016c: Lietuvių kalbos naujažodžių duomenynas ir naujadarų tyrimų database |19 perspektyvos. – Common Language 89, 1–27. Access on the Internet: http://www.bendrinekalba.lt/Straipsniai/89/Murmulaityte_BK_89_straipsnis.pdf M ur m u l ai t y t ė D. 2018: Contaminacija ir lietuvių kalbos atnaujinimas. – Language and Contexts 8(1), 60–70. R iv e r a P as to r R. e t al. 2017: Language equality in the digital age. The Native Language Project. Brussels: European Parliament Research Service. Available online: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/598621/EPRS_STU(2017)598621_EN.pdf. English version: R iv e ra R. e t al. 2017: Language equality in the digital age: Towards a Human language Project. Parliamentary Research Service. Prieiga internete: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/598621/EPRS_STU( 2017)598621_EN.pdf (accessed 26 November 2018). З аб о т к ин а В . И . 1989: Новая лексика современного английского языка. Москва: Высшая школа. Įteikta 2018 12 15 Adopted on 30 December 2018 RITA MILIŪNAITĖ. Naujažodžių pateikimas ir paieškos galimybės Lietuvių kalbos naujažodžių duomenyne |20 BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 NEOLOGISM PRESENTATION AND SEARCH POSSIBILITIES IN THE DATABASE OF LITHUANIAN NEOLOGISMS S u m m a r y The language technologies that are seeing rapid development all over the world are grounded on digital language resources: various dictionaries, databases, corpuses, and similar compilations of structured and scientifically described language data. The digital resources of the Lithuanian language are also undergoing an increasing degree of integration into general databases (see http://lkiis.lki.lt, https://www.raštija.lt) and preparation for the digital global market of languages. These resources are used for the development of digital tools and services (such as online search engines, machine translation tools, semantic wordnets, and finally, artificial intelligence). The article offers an introduction into a digital compilation of neological data – the online Database of Lithuanian Neologisms that has been under development by the Institute of the Lithuanian Language since 2011 and is now subject to ongoing updates (ND, http://naujazodziai.lki.lt). Designed to capture Lithuanian neologisms of the early 21st century, it mirrors the changes in the vocabulary of the Lithuanian language and its semantic, morphemic, formational structure. As of late 2018, the ND contains nearly 5,000 neologisms and about 19,000 usage examples. The purpose of the article is to describe the possibilities of trolling for data to be included in the ND and the directions in which they could expand, based on the semantic, structural, and functional attributes of the modern-day Lithuanian language. The first segment deals with the term neologism that has been adopted in the ND, that the database can benefit the principles of presenting the data, and the problems with neologism descriptions. It shows both neological researchers and language users. The second segment examines the development of the ND search engine based on the above requirements. Neologisms in the ND are described following principles that resemble those of the established practice of foreign neologism dictionaries. The information on each neologism in the ND is presented in two blocks: (1) general information on the neologism (a heading, its accentuation; neologism classification based on the characteristics of its form; grammatical attributes; variations of form; neologism origin, original form; formational properties of neologisms; kindred words); Rita Miliūnaitė. |21 (2) the meaning(s) and usage of the neologism (neologism definition; neologism definition; BENDRINĖ KALBA 91 (2018) www.bendrinekalba.lt ISSN 2351-7204 neologism definition; neologism definition; neologism definition; neologism definition; neologism definition; neologism definition; neologism definition; neologism definition; the relationship between the neologism and the norm of the standard language; thematic fields of usage; functional and expressive shades; other variations; semantic ties with other neologisms in the ND; usage examples and dated sources and authors thereof). The ND search engine is being developed on the basis of the above attributes of neologisms, considering the requirements of neological researchers and users of the language (for instance, the ND has a broad application in the process of teaching the Lithuanian language at schools of general and tertiary education). The structuring and initial studies of neologisms reveal their properties that drive wider investigation of the new vocabulary and development of new models to describe them. KEYWORDS: lexicography, neologism, digital linguistic recourses, language technologies. RITA MILIŪNAITĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Petro Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Lithuania [email protected]