Astrologinių pavadinimų rašymas interneto svetainėse

BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas WRITENING OF ASTROLOGICAL NAME Astrology on the Web KEY WORDS: spelling, capital letter, proper names, astrological names. ANNOTATION The Lithuanian spelling rules provide for capitalization of the proper name, but this is only the most general rule applicable to one-word names. There are two types of capitalization: some names are capitalized only with the first letter, while others are capitalized with every word. This limit is drawn according to the object to be named, but astrological names are not mentioned among other groups of real names in the works that codify the spelling norms, and thus their spelling norm remains uncodified. The aim of the article is to find out what is used in writing such names, whether a certain writing norm is established in it. The analysis of behavioral tendencies is based on texts published on astrology websites. ABSTRACT Spelling norms of the Lithuanian language determine a capitalization for a proper name use, but this is only the most general rule which is applicable to names composed of one word. In the case of composed names, there are two ways to write a name: the first word of some of them shall be written in capital letters, meanwhile each word is capitalized with the other ones, and this limit is drawn according to the object to be named. However, the names of astrological objects there among them are not mentioned in the works defining the spelling norms, so their spelling norms remain undefined. The article seeks to find out the ways of a spelling applied in the usage and whether a certain norm of spelling is settled in it. The analysis of usage tendencies of astrological names is based on texts published on astrology websites. Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 2 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 INTRODUCTION Although spelling is one of the objects of language norming, spelling norms and writing tendencies are examined in scientific works much less frequently than, say, lexicon, syntax or morfologijos lygmenų normos ir vartosena. Tai, ko gero, pirmiausia lemia objektyvios reasons such as the fact that this level is characterized by greater stability of norms, which ne tik lietuvių bendrinėje kalboje 1 . Rašybos lygmuo, palyginti su kitais kalbos lygmenimis, ne manifests itself, by the way, only more constantly, but also specifically. It is not commonly susijusi tik netiesiogiai, tai susitariamas dalykas (Pupkis 2005: 231; Vasiliauskienė, Rimkutė emphasized that the spelling has an internal language structure (2007: 34). If it is already agreed upon and is inclined to permanence, then new or problematic phenomena in this field, it seems, could not be found. Therefore, there is not much to examine on a scientific level. However, at least various external factors affect the spelling, which encourages some of its aspects to be examined in more detail. For example, at the end of that millennium, as economic and political circumstances began to change, and with them the source of linguistic influence, new names began to spread in the Lithuanian language, which prompted the study of company names (Kniūkšta 1991, 1997, 2004, 2006) and the spelling of foreign real names (Ambrazas 2008). But in general, the subjects of writing are rarely examined at the scientific level, only in one other work (e.g.: Vasiliauskienė, Rimkutė 2007; Gudzinevičiūtė 2012; Drukteinis 2015; Vaskelaitė 2019), although from those works it becomes clear that there are also innovations, variants and problems in this field. Thus, the lack of scientific attention to the spelling level is probably caused not only by objective, but also by more subjective reasons, such as the preference for other language levels, or perhaps the belief that once established spelling rules are enough, and everything that does not coincide with them can only be mistakes. However, the rules do not necessarily cover everything, and not because there is innovation in the language. In the works that codify the norms of writing, one or another non-new thing may remain undiscussed, in other words, one or another norm may remain uncodified. In this article, we will discuss the writing of astrological names (hereinafter – ALP). It is not a new phenomenon, because ALP appeared together with astrology, and its origins, as it would 1 For example, the common languages of English, Irish, French, Japanese (Pupkis 1980: 23) or Chinese hieroglyphs, created in the 2nd millennium BC, are mentioned as examples of spelling stability. 2014. pp. 43. (in Polish). Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 3 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 different sources, dating back to 3 thousand BC. 1000 BC or earlier. However, the Lithuanian 2 spelling rule is established in them, and it provides for at least two direct meaning checks not kalbos rašybos normas teikiančiuose darbuose ALP neminima. Bendra tikrinių pavadinimų codified. And the norm of writing real names itself is described as problematic in several works pavadinimų rašymą, kuris yra siejamas su pavadinamu objektu. Tačiau astrologinių objektų ar reiškinių tarp pavadinamųjų objektų nėra paminėta, taigi ir ALP rašymo norma lieka (e.g.: Pupkis 2005: 234; Linkevičienė 2013: 7). For example, one states: “Some rules are formulated in such a way that when a new name appears ordinary languages (this is especially typical for the writing of compound names)” (Vasiliauskienė, Rimkutė 2007: 35). This article is hoped to contribute vartotojai dažnai nežino, kuria iš tų taisyklių remtis norint pasirinkti optimalų rašybos būdą to the analysis of this problem. But the practical aspect is also of no less concern – elimination of the codification gap. As it is stated, the norms of language do not depend on written authorities (normative dictionaries, grammar books and other similar works), individual desires or views, but on “what is universally used, what is the habit of the whole nation, and is the norm” (Pupkis 1980: 20). It would appear that the ALP writing norm could also be established, but it is not codified in normative works. To find out if this norm exists is the purpose of this article, which will be pursued by analyzing the ALP writing on astrology websites. If it turns out that the writing is too varied, this work should still be useful from the point of view of codification – as an incentive to establish the ALP writing norm. The object of the article is the names written literally or as literally in astrological texts. Proper names are mentioned in the works of lexicology, morphology and even syntax, but from a different point of view, using different terminology, which results in a considerable variety of terminology. For example, in morphology, which is oriented to the parts of the language, such terms as proper and general nouns are used (e.g.: LKG 1965: 163), in lexicology, which is oriented to the dictionary – proper and general words, and in the latter branch of onomastics the terms vardas, tikrasis vardas are used (e.g.: Jakaitienė 2010: 267–278). The term is also used in the same sense. This terminology is also transferred to normative works and is not used in all works equally, so the variety of terms is formed in them as well, and the relationships between terms – 2 For example, the Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia states that “[A]strology originated in Mesopotamia perhaps in 3000 BC. "About the World's Oldest City in the Middle Ages" (PDF). According to one astrology website, "the present astrology is a legacy of Babylonian civilization and arose about 4,000 to 5,000 years ago rather vague. The main metų šumerų bei Babilono civilizacijose“ (ASTR). Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 4 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 publication providing the Lithuanian language spelling norms – Lithuanian names, astronomical names, as well as the kalbos rašybos ir skyrybos – skyriuje apie didžiųjų raidžių rašymą minimi tiek vardai, tiek pavadinimai, pvz.: geografiniai vardai ir geografiniai pavadinimai, gyvūnų vardai ir gyvūnų real names of astronomical objects, astronomical here are not explained, so it is not clear whether these generic objektų vardai (LKRS 1992: 60–76). Nei šie rūšiniai terminai, nei terminai vardas, pavadinimas terms are considered different terms or synonyms. It is not the purpose of this article to confuse the relationships between terms or to uniformize terminology, and therefore, in view of diversity, the term proper names will be used hereinafter to include in this article proper names of literal meaning. The direct object of the article will be called astrological names, more precisely, the abbreviation ALP will be used, the types of ALP or ANP, 3 the terms naming them will be used unabbreviated: names of astrological objects, names of astrological events, names of astronomical objects, etc. This article is from the field of spelling, so neither to clarify the kuria šie pavadinimai bus skiriami nuo astronominių pavadinimų – ANP. Minint konkretesnių classification of real names, nor to standardize terminology, it is intended to examine the inclinations of writing real names characteristic of astrology. The analysis, as the title of the article suggests, will be based on the texts of websites. Of course, the Internet is not the medium that spelling researchers would focus on first, and the reason is understandable. In this medium there is a great deal of what can be called elementary spelling or proofreading errors, and there is little point in examining them from the point of view of standardization, because even the language users themselves would probably not agree with the legalization of elementary spelling errors as a universal norm. However, texts of different levels are published on the Internet, including those that do not go beyond the common language, which makes it possible to select the sources. However, the choice of the Internet as a research source is mainly determined by the field under consideration. Astrology has only recently become interesting again, for a long time it was a closed field, the science is still being denied to this day (see Vaskelaitė 2020: 129–130), so there are not many publications in this field in Lithuanian. Specifically, a lot of popular literature is published, but it does not cover all the variety of terms used in astrology, and astrology websites use them abundantly. Here terms or 3 In addition to the names of literal meaning, the works providing spelling norms also usually mention symbolic (symbolic) names as a distinctive feature of them from the names of literal meaning, indicating the writing in quotation marks. RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ. Astrologinių pavadinimų rašymas interneto svetainėse | 5 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 names are also interpreted and thus revealed their meanings. Therefore, 7 websites are selected for analysis: antropoteosofineastrologija.lt (ANTR), astrodaiva.com (ASTR), astrologijosmokykla.lt (AM), sadhanacentras.lt (SA), uranija.lt (UR), vidineastrologija.lt (VA), zachh.lt (ZA). The analysis is based on aggregate material published on websites before 1 December 2021. However, before analysing the usage tendencies, it is relevant to discuss the codified norm. 1. The codification rule and its criteria The general rule of writing proper names is formulated in the sections of grammar discussing the rule, and proper daiktavardžius, ir ji atrodytų labai paprasta: tikriniai daiktavardžiai rašytini didžiąja raide (LKG 1965: 163; DLKG 1997: 60). Tačiau tuose skyriuose formuluojama tik daiktavardžių rašymo names include not only nouns. The writing of real names is discussed in more detail and the writing norm is determined in the works oriented to the orthography. The spelling norms are still determined by the Spelling and punctuation of the Lithuanian language (hereinafter – LKRS). It is true that they are also determined or adjusted by the resolutions of the State Lithuanian Language Commission (hereinafter – VLKK), but the main normative set of spelling rules is the 2nd revised edition of the LKRS, which was published in 1992, the first part of which, as indicated on the VLKK website, is valid insofar as it does not contradict subsequently adopted resolutions. The spelling of proper names is discussed in the chapter of this collection entitled Writing of capital letters (LKRS 1992: 4 61–64), and it is clear from this title alone that capital letters are intended as a feature distinguishing proper names from generic names. However, in reality, the rule of capitalization can only be applied to one-word names. There are two ways of spelling the names – capitalizing the first word of the name (Decree of the Ministry of Justice) and capitalizing each word of the name (Great Wheels of the Ring). The names are divided into groups, some of which are written in one way, others in another, and from the naming and discussion of the groups it can be concluded that the writing is determined by the named object. See http://www.vlkk.lt/aktualiausios-temos/rasyba/lkrs-turinys. In preparing the article, the updated set of spelling rules is discussed – Rasuole Vladarskiene and Palmira Zemlevičiūtė Lithuanian spelling: rules, comments, tips. It can be found at http://www.vlkk.lt/aktualiausios-temos/rasyba/apierasyba. 4 RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ. Astrologinių pavadinimų rašymas interneto svetainėse | 6 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 Names of organisations (Ministry of Justice), documents (Treaty of Versailles), holidays and events (New Year, Mother’s Day), historical events and epochs (Great Northern War, Renaissance) and other names are capitalized on the first word only, and names of persons (Jean-Jacques Rousseau), including monoor poly-word names of mythological creatures (God, Aphrodite, God the Father, Zeus the Thunderer) are capitalized on every word. The latter spelling is used for only a few groups of names, which would suggest that this spelling is an exception to the more universal rule of spelling real names. One of those groups is the names of astronomical objects (Great Circles, Mars). However, the group of astrological objects is not distinguished in the LCSR, and such names are not mentioned among other groups of real names. They are also absent in the classification of proper nouns in the main Lithuanian grammar (LKG 1965: 163; DLKG 1997: 60), only in the grammar of contemporary Lithuanian language the group is named as names of cosmic and astronomical objects (DLKG 1997: 60). The VLKK has also adopted resolutions on the issue of the spelling of real names, as well as a number of recommendations on their spelling, for example, the Recommendation on the capitalization of some religious names, terms, names (VLKK 2004), but the spelling of ALP is not discussed in these documents. The general decision, which clarifies some of the 5 The spelling rules provided for in the LCRS, the groups of real names mentioned are the same as in the LCRS and the ALP group is not distinguished, in other groups such names are also not presented (VLKK 1997). The writing of ALP is not discussed in publications of educational or practical nature (e.g.: LKŽin 1998; Linkevičienė 2013: 7–24; Bielinskienė et al. 2014: 132–135; ESIV 2014: 40–69; KancKP 2020), but astrological names or terms are almost not discussed. The author has already pointed out that they are not willing to include them even in international dictionaries of nors astrologijoje vartojama daug terminų, kurie pagal reikšmę nuo ANP skiriasi (Vaskelaitė words, 2020). It is true that Kazimieras Gaivenis (1990) has written about the names of constellations, but they were also viewed as names of astronomical objects, not astrological ones. 5 Rekomendacijos ir nutarimai skelbiami VLKK interneto svetainėje: rekomendacijos – skiltyje Current topics (http://www.vlkk.lt/aktualiausios-temos/rasyba), resolutions – in the column VLKK resolutions (http://www.vlkk.lt/vlkk-nutarimai). Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 7 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 Since astrology and astronomy have common roots, it would seem that the ANP writing rule 6 should be sufficient, and the ALP should be written according to it. However, this rule applies only to the names of objects – this is shown both by the title of the section “Names of astronomical, geographical and topographical objects” presented by LKRS and by the examples given here (LKRS 1992: 62). Moreover, this rule is not so simple. Firstly, it provides an exception for a related word that represents the general name of an object (star, nebula, planet), and thus as if provides a third way of writing real names – not capitalizing every word (LKRS 1992: 62). According to this exception, it follows that it is correct to write Great Wheels of the Turtle, Bird's Path, but Blue Sea of Peace, because the relative word is only sea, and Wheels and Path are not, although both sea, wheels, and path are common words. Secondly, by making an exception for a related word, the line between different writings becomes blurred. In fact, according to this exception, two-word names of astronomical objects, such as the North Star or the Andromeda Nebula, should be written in the same way as names in which only the first word is capitalized, cf. Mother's Day or the Treaty of Versailles. However, this difference is also reduced by the possibility of stylistic capitalisation provided for by the spelling rules, which, as formulated, can apply both to individual words and to names. For example, the LKRS states that capital letters may be used for both words, if their “significant concepts are given an exceptional significance and respect” (But now, in the period of the Revival, it is painful to see hopelessly expanding hollows in the mind), and for names: “Out of respect, capital letters may be used for all the words of the most significant organizations, social movements, historical events, documents of special significance and other similar names” (LKRS 1992: 71). As can be seen from the latter LKRS formulation and examples, out of respect when writing titles in capital letters, the relative word of the name must also be written in capital letters: Lithuanian Bishops’ Conference, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, etc. It would appear that even the Moon's Sea of Peace), the possibility of capitalization for stylistic reasons destroys it. It is true that, as can be seen from the formulation, the application of this possibility highlighted the difference between astronomy as a astronominių objektų pavadinimų rašymo taisykle gimininiam žodžiui numatoma išimtis (plg. science of the stars and astrology as divination from the stars (VLEe). astronominių objektų pavadinimams tiesiogiai neįvardijamas, bet formulavimas „ir kitų 6 Teigiant, kad astrologija atsirado Mesopotamijoje maždaug 3 tūkst. pr. Kr. ir Vakarų pasaulyje paplito vėliau, helenizmo epochoje, kartu nurodoma, kad ji padėjo išsiplėtoti astronomijai: pirmaisiais amžiais po Kr. Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 8 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 all words of similar names” would indicate that it is possible. The above-mentioned Recommendation on the capitalization of certain religious names, terms and titles (hereinafter referred to as the Recommendation) shows that when writing religious names, the relative word may be capitalized for stylistic reasons: Bernelių Mišios, Grigaliaus Mišios (VLKK 2004). On the other hand, in mentioning the names of holidays and memorable days, there are also examples such as Guardian Angels Day, St. Nicholas Day, etc. The celebration of the Innocent Children, which would contradict the rule formulated by the LSSR on the stylistic use of capital letters in 7 names. Thus, the exception of the genus word not only blurs the boundary between the writings of real names, but also creates normative contradictions. One of the reasons for the ambiguity may be that the capital letter is given several functions: it not only expresses respect or distinguishes a proper name from a generic one, but also tries to distinguish one proper name from another. 8 The criteria for the latter distinction are not mentioned in the works codifying spelling rules. The boundary drawn in terms of spelling between the names of persons (and animals, mythological beings) and other names seems to indicate that this distinction respects the distinction made in the works of lexicology between two types of real words – the names of living beings and the names of inanimate things (see Jakaitienė 2010: 266). However, in terms of spelling, the boundary is also drawn between inanimate things, i.e. names of astronomical (and geographical, topographical, natural) objects are distinguished from names of other inanimate things (e.g., names of holidays). This seems to indicate that the scope of use of the name is taken into account: ANP is treated differently than, say, the names of historical periods and epochs (Great Northern War, Enlightenment). However, the groups listed in the section of the LCRS on the spelling of some other names indicate that a different writing is intended not only for historical periods and epochs pavadinimų rašymas, bet ir su kuria nors konkrečia sritimi nesietinų pavadinimų (sakykim, (festivals or documents), which would indicate that the lexical group is also taken into account: names of objects (e.g. astronomical) are distinguished from names of events (festivals, events). and history is not Suderinti du kriterijus, žinoma, keblu, nes astronomija vien objektų pavadinimais limited only to the names of periods and epochs. Here is from the June 3 meeting, but not approved. See Rekomendacijos matyti, kad ir religiniai pavadinimai apima ne vien tik objektų pavadinimus – vartojama, pavyzdžiui, ir kulto aktų pavadinimų (Altoriaus Sakramentas, Pirmoji Komunija). 7 Pastaboje po Rekomendacija nurodoma, kad ji parengta kaip projektas, apsvarstyta VLKK 2004 m. http://www.vlkk.lt/vlkk-nutarimai/projektai/some-religious-words-terms-names-writing-in-capital-letters. 8 The capital letter also begins a sentence. Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 9 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 The above-mentioned Recommendation sets out another criterion for drawing the boundary between proper names – the uniqueness of the meaning. It discusses the capitalization of names of special significance, such as the Holy Scriptures and their main parts (New Testament, Good News, Vetus Latina), the most important acts of worship (Eucharist, First Communion), and the capitalization of names of general significance (Genesis, Liturgy of the Twelve Apostles). Such a criterion of uniqueness of meaning would coincide with the criterion of capitalization for stylistic reasons, but after listing groups of names of exceptional significance in Chapter 2 of the Recommendation, Chapter 4 states that “[r]eligious terms and names, especially in religious writings, are very characterized by stylistic capitalization: capitalized words, word combinations, when their meaning is given an exceptional meaning and respect”, and separately lists cases of stylistic capitalization, such as the writing of names of phenomena, events in the history of the Church (Christ’s Birth, Christ’s Resurrection). Thus, although the Recommendation does not explicitly specify the relationship between names of exceptional significance and names written for stylistic reasons, a separate mention of these names would show that religious names of exceptional significance are distinguished from combinations of words used for stylistic reasons, although the exceptional significance is considered the basis for stylistic capitalization in the LCSR. In any case, it becomes clear that the codification of the spelling norm of real names not only attempts to harmonize several criteria, but also creates normative discrepancies. Why the boundary between real names is drawn in terms of writing, the uniqueness of the pobūdžio darbuose neaiškinama ir neįvardijama. Toks motyvas galėtų būti tiek tam tikrų normative meaning of names, and the field in different fields (e.g., in astronomical texts) can susiklosčiusi skirtinga tikrinių pavadinimų rašymo tradicija ar dar kokie nors veiksniai. Kad indeed have an effect on writing tendencies, reflected by some exceptions mentioned in normative works. For example, the Recommendation mentions that in religious writings some general words, such as mass or church, should be written in capital letters (Church, Catholic Church; Mass, Berne Mass). The spelling of the names of religious holidays here is also different (Three Kings, All Saints) than in the LSSR, which is primarily oriented to general usage. However, in general, the rules for writing both religious names and real names tend to be formulated as general, without assessing the medium of use of the name Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | Letter 16, and White Moon and Black doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 Moon in capital letters and terrashes, writing also the second word of the name (Moon), which functions on websites as a one-word real name. The reason for the capitalization can be predicted from the same texts. They show that the longer word combinations are presented as synonyms of single-word names, e.g. : In the astrological drawing of the restoration of independence of Lithuania, the Sun and Mercury form an aspect with the Black Moon (Lilit) in Scorpio ANTR; Until May 10, the Descending karmic Moon node (Ketu) UR will continue its journey through your Zodiac sign; Rahu, or the Karmic rising Moon node, represents the direction of evolution, where we should go, what to learn in this life ASTR. Although both the short and long members of a synonymous pair are usually presented and used in texts, they can also be used separately as substitutes for each other, e.g. : The Black Moon, or Lilith, shows all the evil deeds done in past lives, for which a person was not punished and which lie deep in the subconscious. Lilith reflects our dark side, which is most prone to instincts, our dark nature, which is subject to the surrounding and various temptations ZA. These words are capitalized because they are also considered to be the names of horoscope points (fictional planets). However, only the Black Moon and the White Moon are written in sequence. The writing of other pairs of horoscope points varies. Another indicator of karma is like the direction of human evolution, it is the position of the lunar nodes in the zodiac signs and in the house ZA, and the writing of the species names formed with it is not the same. It happens that the descending karmic lunar node and the ascending karmic lunar node are written as generic names, but these fluctuations are rare – most often the word combination is given the status of a proper name. However, the application of the spelling rule of real names is vacillating. In some cases, the general rule of spelling real names, which provides capitalization of the first word (except for the real and relative word), e.g. : When the eclipse occurs at the Descending karmic Moon node, located at one end of the axis, it brings out more past events, when at the Rising karmic Moon node – opens the way to future perspectives. In others – the rule of writing astronomical or other names, which provides for writing each word in capital letters, e.g.: “Astrological” or “Astrological” (or “Astrological” or “Astrological”); In January, two eclipses will form at the Descending Karmic Node Ketu ASTR. These fluctuations indicate uncertainty, RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ. Astrologinių pavadinimų rašymas interneto svetainėse | 17 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 which of the two spelling rules to apply, and at the same time highlights a codification gap – the non-appointment of the ALP group in the codification of spelling rules for proper names. At least these names are clearly different from the ANP. On the other hand, as the above-mentioned astronomical terms Lunar orbital nodes, Lunar orbital points, indicate, there are certain connections with the ANP, and this may also be a factor in the fluctuations in usage. However, the astronomical and astrological evaluation of objects differs. From an astronomical point of view, nodes, as the Encyclopedia of Astronomy would indicate, are “points in the celestial sphere at which cosm. body orbit intersects with the selected plane. In the Solar System, these are the points where the orbit of a planet (e.g., the Moon) intersects with the plane of the ecliptic” (Straižys 2003). In astrology, these are the points of the astrological drawing – the horoscope. In addition, in astrological texts these points are often called planets or equated with them, e.g. : August is a kind of continuation of the astrological trends of the month of July, when the destructive expression of Mars is sharpened through its aspects with other planets, such as Lilith, Chiron, Saturn, Jupiter, Pluto ANTR. The texts show that Selena, Rahu and other objects named as points of the horoscope, like planets, "travel", e.g. : Unfortunately, this year the Sun in Aquarius is burdened by the Black Moon, or Lilith, traveling through this sign, which will be in Aquarius until May 4th ASTR. This may be explained by the fact that the planets in the galaxy are similar to the planets in the solar system (see the planets in the Solar System). This would be confirmed by the occurring writing of the name of another important horoscope point – the Ascendant. This object is usually referred to as a horoscope point, but sometimes it is called a planet, and it is in such cases that the name is capitalized, e.g. : The planets that are closest to Earth have the strongest influence on human beings – these are the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars and the Ascendant SA. And the tendency to capitalize every word in the name, in addition to the already mentioned Latin language, as in the sentence His ascendant is on the most royal star – kodifikacinės spragos, gali būti ir daugiau. Astrologijos tekstuose neretai teikiami atitikmenys Regulus (Cor Leonis) UR. And the names of one pair of points in the horoscope are generally used as unadapted Latinisms – Medium Coeli and Imum Coeli, e.g. : Also important are the so-called squares, especially conjunctions with planets, Ascendant and Medium Coeli (MC, or Latin for X house), which mažoriniai aspektai (susidarantys tam tikri dviejų planetų kampai): trigonai, sekstiliai, opozicijos, would allow to assume that the Latin tradition of writing names in texts of a cohesive or pradžia) ANTR. Jau anksčiau skelbtame straipsnyje atskleista, kad astrologijos terminija su Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 18 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 non-cohesive nature may have an influence on the occurring writing. It is true that capitalization of other terms is not encouraged on websites, although a large part of them consists of words of Latin origin (see Vaskelaitė 2020). There are only isolated cases. For example, in only one text the term stelium is written in capital letters: The conjunction of three or more planets is called Stelium AN. This would only confirm that capital letters are used to write the names of the points in the horoscope, which are also considered planets in astrology. However, without distinguishing the group of names of astrological objects in the works that codify the spelling norms and without naming the relationship of such names with the names of astronomical objects, it is not known according to which rule of writing real names to write them. 2.3. The Zodiac and its Signs In all websites, another name with a certain astronomical analogy is widely used – Zodiac, with the texts providing an astronomical interpretation, e.g.: “Zodiac is a band of the celestial sphere of about 16 degrees, through the middle of which passes the ecliptic (Solar path), touching 13 constellations” (VA). However, it is also explained that the astronomical and astrological Zodiac are not the same, and that these differences are related to the differences in the constellations of the Zodiac. One, astronomical constellations "have no strictly defined boundaries and are widely distributed in the sky, some occupying more of the celestial sphere, others less", and the astrological constellations are the division of the annual visible path of the Sun into 12 equal parts, each of which comprises 30 degrees. Secondly, in astronomy there are thirteen constellations of the Zodiac (including Snake), and in astrology there are twelve. Third, in astrology, these parts of the Zodiac are not even called constellations – they are called the signs of the Zodiac. This is also the case with the two-word name of the zodiacal constellation. The names of specific zodiac signs do not coincide either: in astrology, the short form of žvaigždynas ar Liūto žvaigždynas, o Vėžio ženklas, Liūto ženklas ir t. t. Tiesa, sutampa Cancer's names is used: Cancer, Leo, etc. However, the meanings differ: in astrology and these "constellations" are clusters of symbolic meanings. For example, Gemini is associated with informacija, jos perdavimu, protiniais sugebėjimais, kalba, rašymu, taip pat plepumu, Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 19 curiosity, Cancer – with family, home, doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 homeland, history, patriotism, sensitivity. "Astronomical interpretation of the name Gemini: The constellation of the Zodiac in this hemisphere of the sky, with an area of 514 square degrees. It is best seen in Lithuania in winter <…>“ (Straižys 2003). Therefore, another meaning is seen that it is a astrologijoje turi ir pavadinimas Zodiakas. Tiksli apibrėžtis nepateikiama, tačiau iš vartojimo symbolic structure. On one website, the Zodiac is explained in a metaphysical sense as “the great cosmic wheel, containing 12 cosmic laws, which define the birth, development, death, i.e. the stages of evolution of any phenomenon both on Earth and in the Universe, as well as inside and outside” (VA). It is also known as the Zodiac Circle. In astrology, the planets and other celestial bodies "travel" through the zodiac, and the explanation of this interaction with the parts of the zodiac, or the signs of the zodiac, is the basis of many texts published on astrology websites. As you can see from them, when the planets travel through one sign of the Zodiac after another, they activate certain areas, determining more or less important events, e.g. : 12 years ago, in 2008, Jupiter, entering together with Pluto into Capricorn, started the economic-financial crisis, i.e. the transformation of the economy in ASTR; When Pluto enters Aquarius in 4 years, we will stand firmly on both feet in a completely different civilization, which is now being born through pain and suffering in UR; Jupiter traveling through Cancer will be a very favorable time to buy land, house, work in your garden plots, gardens, start a family and give birth to children AM. These events are decisive not only for humanity or countries, but also for a specific person, and the latter influence, according to interpretations, depends on the arrangement of the celestial bodies at the time of birth of a person – on his birth horoscope. Western astrology gives special importance to the Sun: according to the part of the Zodiac in which the Sun was at the time of birth, the so-called Aries, Taurus, Capricorns, etc. are distinguished. Thus, the single-word names of the signs of the zodiac in astrological texts are used in two meanings: they are not only parts of the symbolic structure, but also certain types of people, generalized by the position of the Sun in the zodiac at the time of birth. By the way, it is typically oriented to the types published in magazines forecasts or descriptions of character characteristics, although not one astrology website emphasizes that the importance of all the planets in the horoscope, which also requires to know the time of birth Tačiau svetainės atskleidžia ir tai, kad astrologija nevienalytė – esama orientuotos į with minute accuracy. consumers. 15 15 “In Western Europe, there are more and more new directions that combine astrology with psychology. astrologijos kryptys labiau linkusios į prognostiką. Iš JAV ir Kanados ateina nemažai krypčių, tiesiogiai taikomų RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ. Astrologinių pavadinimų rašymas interneto svetainėse | 20 Russian doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 The name of the zodiac signs used in both senses, e.g. : Being in Sagittarius Jupiter will be generous to everyone, but most of all, of course, – Sagittarius SA. But plg. : When Mars travels through Virgo, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle is activated AM and All professions that require sharp mind and accuracy are very suitable for Virgo ZA. The fact that some of them are animal names (Aries, Taurus, Scorpio, etc.) and others are different names (Gemini, Virgo, Aquarius, Sagittarius, Libra) has no effect, cf. : Twelve signs of the zodiac 16 (Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces) are created by Babylonian priests in 700 BC. ZA; On August 22, the Sun passes from Leo to Virgo ASTR. The Lithuanian name of Venus Aušrinė (VA, ASTR) is also written in capital letters and mentioned in two websites. It is true, from some texts it would seem that the type generalized 17 according to the position of the Sun in the Zodiac is more likely to be named by a single word, and the part of the symbolic structure – by a longer term, cf. : Often just by the look can be guessed that this person was born in the sign of Scorpio and Communicate with Scorpio is difficult ZA. Sometimes the character type is tried to be distinguished by using the word people (e.g.: Virgo people are intelligent ZA) or in another way, e.g. : People born under the sign of Pisces have a special intuition ZA. However, this distinction is often not made – the parts of the Zodiac are also referred to by a single word, e.g. : Jupiter traveling in Libra, there were many opportunities to develop externally partnership and social relationships, and being in Scorpio, the inner content of relationships and values will have more importance. Therefore, the word "Zodiac sign" is used in two different meanings. Here in the sentence Usually the transition of a slower moving planet from one Zodiac sign to another takes about a year, and sometimes longer ANTR this part of the Zodiac is named, and in the sentences It is not possible to say that if the Zodiac sign is Scorpio, then a person is vengeful ZA – generalized type. It is true that some cases seem to indicate that the word combination used in the latter sense is written in lowercase, e.g. : Deeply intuitive and sentimental Cancer can be one of the most challenging zodiac signs for the user” (ANTR); "In the present world (probably, and earlier) can be distinguished three astrology kryptis: fatalistinę, vartotojišką ir evoliucinę-dvasinę“ (ANTR). 16 Zodiako sudalijimas į 12 žvaigždynų siejamas su Babilonu, jų pavadinimas gyvūnų vardais – su graikais (ASTR). K. Gaivenis writes that in Lithuanian (as in Russian, English) the names of constellations are translated, some of them have undergone semantic transformation. For example, the Lithuanian Vandenis is identified with a male being living in water, Vandenius was previously used as “water carrier or seamer” (Gaivenis 1990: 51). 17 More Lithuanian names of constellations (e.g. Šienpjovys, Sietynas, Jukštandis, former name of Scorpion Parplys Kirminėlis) are mentioned by K. Gaivenis (1990). Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 21 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 ženklų ZA. Tai tarsi būtų dviejų reikšmių diferencijavimo požymis, tačiau dažniausiai fluctuations, including the spelling of the word Zodiac, cannot be explained by differentiation of meanings, e.g. : Imagine that God created the 12 signs of the zodiac and gave each of them His Gift and His Message. So, what is God’s message to each of the signs of the zodiac? ZA; Everyone at least somewhat knows certain traditional characteristics of all zodiac signs and the zodiac sign of this person is Vandenis ZA. In some texts, there is a stronger tendency to write the name used for both meanings in lowercase, but this is rather the result of writing uniformity, e.g. : This astrological drawing, as mentioned, consists of 12 zodiac signs, in which the planets and various other astrological elements are arranged. In this way, each zodiac sign acquires a certain quality and energy potential, depending on how many planets and other important points are in VA.Even the Zodiac, the Zodiac circle is written in a lowercase letter in this context, e.g. : All these celestial bodies move along the same path, which in astrology is called the wheel of the zodiac. However, in astrology, the sign of the zodiac as a generalized type is inseparable from the sign of the zodiac as a part of the zodiac wheel, and more precisely, it is the expression of one or another energy of the zodiac on the human level, so there is another direction of equalization, e.g., the sign of the zodiac as a generalized type is inseparable from the sign of the zodiac as a part of the zodiac wheel, and more precisely, it is the expression of one or another energy of the zodiac on the human level, so there is another direction of equalization, e.g. : The Jupiter cycle, during which this planet orbits the entire Zodiac, is 12 years ANTR or Cancer – the first water element sign in the Zodiac VA. As it turns out, in this case there is also fluctuation in writing the name, which coincides with the astronomical only in part (see Zodiac constellations and Zodiac signs). The spelling of a relative word does not create ambiguity, although it is unclear whether its lowercase writing is due to an exception to the relative word provided for in the codified norm or to the application of the rule that only the first word of the noun can be capitalised. This is not possible to determine by the names of the ANP mentioned on any website, which are also biwords: Perseus, Taurus, Lyra, Swan, Eagle, as well as the Summer Triangle, Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud, Northern Star ASTR. However, the ambiguities, as it appears, arise from the spelling of the first word of the name Zodiac sign, and they may be related both to the unclear boundary between generic and real names, and to the gap in codification – the failure to distinguish ALP as a group of real names and their relationship with ANP. Only as ANP Zodiac, Zodiac sign are discussed and KB, although in the given examples used precisely ALP, and not ANP (According to the Zodiac he is Aries and My sign Capricorn). Here, by the way, RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ. Astrologinių pavadinimų rašymas interneto svetainėse | 22 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 indicates that when the Zodiac is used in the sense of human character or destiny, as a general word, it should be written in lowercase, e.g. : What is your zodiac sign? (KB). However, such an exception may be oriented to general usage, and astrology websites tests highlight the close relationship between the Zodiac sign as a character type and the Zodiac sign as a part of the Zodiac wheel, so that it is difficult to differentiate the name used with two meanings from a spelling point of view. However, it is possible that astrological websites are trying to follow this recommendation for general use, which may be one of the reasons for the fluctuations. True, in addition to the already discussed one-word and two-word names of zodiac signs, three-word names, e.g. : From the 16th Mercury will move into the sign of Pisces, tilting the thinking towards intuitiveness ASTR; This planet rules the zodiac signs of Gemini and Virgo ASTR. The name of the zodiac sign is written in lowercase. Such cases as the sign of the Sagittarius Zodiac have occurred only once (in the same text, the Libra Zodiac sign ZA is written further). However, the prevailing tendency of spelling three-word names does not make it possible to determine whether the rule of capitalisation of the first word of the name applies in this case or whether the spelling is so because the word combination ‘zodiac sign’ is identified with the synonymous word of the name. 3. WRITING OF OTHER NAME Discussed in ALP are the names of objects. Even if they differ from the names of astronomical objects in terms of meaning, and in some cases – in terms of definition, there are certain connections with the latter, so writing them as if it could be guided by the rule of writing names of astronomical objects formulated in normative works. However, astrology sites do not only use names of objects. 3.1. Astrological events The name of the group of astronomical objects in the LCSR, in fact, only mentions the objects, tokie kaip Didieji Grįžulo Ratai, Paukščių takas, Šiaurės žvaigždė, Andromedos ūkas (LKRS 1992: 62). Events or phenomena are not listed here, but astronomical are not only names of Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 23 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 objects. Therefore, one of the astrology websites uses the name Perseid rain – generic, such as astronominio reiškinio pavadinimas. Žinoma, daug astronominių reiškinių pavadinimų yra solstice or equinox. There are also generic names for astrological phenomena, such as transit or ingress, and they are written in lowercase on the websites. Others are spelled Mars-Neptune didžiąja, kaip antai Saulės užtemimas, Mėnulio užtemimas, Plutono ir Saturno konjunkcija, conjunction, but the first word of these names is a real one, functioning on websites as a separate name, so it is unclear whether the whole composite name is used as a real one or as a generic one. However, the first word of some phenomenon names is generic, but it is written in capital letters, so the name tends to be regarded as genuine. Here are the capitalized names of four annual events – two equinox and two solstices, e.g. : At the end of March 20th, just before midnight, 23:58 hrs. The Sun will move into the Aries zodiac sign and the Spring Equinox will occur ASTR; How should we meet the Autumn Equinox? ASTR; This is the moment of the Winter Solstice, meaning that the maximum darkness point ASTR has been reached; This year the Summer Solstice will be on 21st ASTR. In other, and even in the same websites, these names are written in lowercase, e.g. : On March 20 (5.50 a.m.) the Sun will pass into the sign of Aries – spring equinox ANTR; Christmas dinner – like the climax of the winter solstice AM; From that moment the day will become longer, the light will increase until the summer solstice ASTR. These phenomena are usually referred to as events on astrology websites, and from their discussion it becomes clear that they are extremely important events from an astrological point of view. For example, the astrological year begins at the spring equinox. At the same time, the interpretation on the sites reveals their connection with holidays, e.g. : This is a special time – one of the four most important crosspoints of the year, on which the celebration of all religions and traditions ASTR is based. It is stated that the Persians celebrate the New Year (ASTR) on the spring equinox. The summer solstice is mentioned as coinciding with Rases, which were later identified with Jonines. The winter solstice is associated with Christmas, one website states that in Lithuania it has been known as the feast of the deer nine-headed (AM). In this context, the names of these astrological events are capitalized, e.g. : The Western world associates the New Year with another important crossing point of the year – the Winter solstice (the moment when the breaking from the greatest point of darkness towards its growth) ASTR. However, these important events are not only associated with festivals, but are also named after festivals, for example, the spring Naujaisiais astrologiniais metais ASTR. Taigi, astrologijoje šie pavadinimai turi kitą nei Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 24 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 equinox – in astronomy, and this is reflected in different writing tendencies – writing the name raide. Tiesa, ir šie pavadinimai dvižodžiai, taigi būtų sunku nustatyti, pagal kurią iš dviejų tikrinių pavadinimų rašymo taisyklių jie rašomi – pagal kiekvieno žodžio rašymo didžiąja raide according to the major rule, providing an exception for the relative word, or according to the writing rule of holidays, historical periods and various other names, providing capitalization of only the first word. On the other hand, when discussing these astrological events, the autumn equinox is often astronominis jų aiškinimas, o kartu jie apibūdinami ir bendriausiomis reikšmėmis, pavyzdžiui, presented on the websites as the end of the warm part of the year. This encouraged the lowercase writing of these names, typical of astronomical or common usage texts, e.g. : There are 4 key moments in the cycle of the year, essential for all people, all beings on Earth: the summer and winter solstices and the spring and autumn equinox ASTR. Some cases would suggest that this type of writing prevails, even if a certain event is named as a holiday, e.g. : The ecliptic crosses the celestial equator at two points: at the spring equinox (March 20–21) and at the autumn equinox (September 22–23), when day and night are equal in length. The autumn equinox festival marks the end of the warm part of the year. It is also a celebration of respect and gratitude, when since ancient times people thanked the gods for the harvest, which will help survive the cold season. From the autumn equinox begins the year of longing and from this moment we begin to approach the mysteries of the Veil and Scorpio ANTR. On the other hand, even one word written in capital letters is understood as the name of the holiday, as in the sentence How to meet the Equinox and the Solar New Year? ASTR, although one-word names tend to be written in lowercase, e.g. : Solstice is one of the 4 most important astro moments of the year (two solstices and two equinox) ASTR. How is it best to celebrate the Ionian Festival, or Rasas, or simply the Summer Solstice? There was only one ASTR. The names of the moon phases in astrological texts are also written in capital letters, e.g. : This Youth will encourage during the coming Lunar month to concentrate on work, achieving your goals, strengthen the responsibility for family stability and encourage to take care of parents AM; Everything will take place immediately after the Solar eclipse, during the Youth VA. Moon phases are not mentioned in astrological texts as holidays, but from the interpretations it is clear that these are also important astrological events, especially the youth and the full moon. Thus, retrograde Mercury and Youth are an impulse to change your thinking, attitude, understanding, to rediscover what is old iš priklausomybių bei viso to, kas trukdo evoliucijai VA, jaunatis vertinama kaip mintims ir Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 25 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 and tested, the release of feelings is a time giving special strength, the full moon is associated with jaunatys bei pilnatys tuose pačiuose tekstuose aiškinamos ir kaip astronominiai reiškiniai, todėl kai kuriais atvejais nusveria rašymas mažąja raide, pvz.: Saulės užtemimas visada sutampa su the realization of thoughts. On the other hand, youth. Everyone knows that during youth you need to dvižodžiai junginiai rašomi pirma didžiąja raide, pvz.: Netrukus, spalio 9 ryte, bus Mėnulio make future plans, dream about SA. Occurring youth, will begin a new cycle of ASTR; Venus youth is related to the revaluation of values, their arrangement in ANTR. But there are also examples of such writing as the Union with the Sun is called Venus Youth VA; This Sunday evening at 19:30. The Moon Youth begins in the zodiac sign of Scorpio AM. They, as well as the cases that emerged during the discussion of the writing of the names of the horoscope points Descending Karmic Moon Node or similar, may be the result of the application of the ANP writing rule. It is true that this rule provides an exception for kodifikuotosios normos aptarimo aiškėjo, kad šią išimtį naikina ar neaiškią daro a related word, but the possibility of stylistic writing is already provided by the codified norm. 3.2. Elements and origins There are also variations in the classification of names as proper or generic when writing names that have no astronomical analogues at all, which are not mentioned either as names of astronomical objects or among other groups of proper names in the codification of the norm for writing proper names. Their origins should be sought in philosophy, namely in the theory developed by Aristotle that the entire Earth creation is made up of four elements: fire, earth, air and water (ANTR). This theory is also reflected in astrology, where both the word element 18 and the word element are used as names. However, these are not the names of natural phenomena. According to the four elements, the signs of the Zodiac are divided here, and this division assumes both single-word and two-word names: Earth, Fire, Air, Water and Earth sign (element), Air sign (element) and so on. There are also longer variants, such as the sign of the element of fire. The spelling of both monoand poly-word names fluctuates, and fluctuations indicate doubt about whether the name 18 “One of the most influential thinkers in Western philosophy, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.), who studied the influence of the heavens on earthly affairs, based on the knowledge of ancient spiritual schools, asserted that the entire earthly creation was made up of four elements: fire, earth, air and water” (ANTR). Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 32 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 capitalization, so the sequence of single-word ALP writing is probably determined by this node, aplinkybė. Nevariantiškas ir dalies dvižodžių astrologinių pavadinimų rašymas (Mėnulio the day of the Moon, the month of the Sun, the day of Hydra, the year of the Snake, etc. ; Black Moon, White Moon), but it is probably determined by the fact that the first word of such names is real, written only in capital letters in the same texts, and the second word is written equally according to both rules of writing real names, one of which provides an exception for a related word, and the other – capitalization of only the first word. The spelling of one-word and two-word names reveals only ambiguities related to the boundary of the proper and generic name (Young and young, Spring equinox and spring equinox, etc.; Fire sign and fire sign, etc.). Tačiau daugiažodžių pavadinimų rašymas gerokai svyruoja (Besileidžiantis karminis Mėnulio mazgas, Karminis besileidžiantis Mėnulio mazgas, Besileidžiantis Karminis Mėnulio the node; Year of the Metallic White Bull, Year of the White Metallic Rat), and these fluctuations highlight ambiguities or shortcomings in the codification of the actual names. The main variation is between the two main ways of spelling proper names provided for by the codified rule – capitalising the first word and capitalising each word. This fluctuation may be due to the close relationship of astrology with Latin, but also to the fact that the ALP group is not distinguished from other real names and the relationship of these names with the ANP is not named, so the ALP writing norm is not codified. Only the ANP writing norm has been codified, but the ALP only partially overlaps with the ANP, therefore in the use there is uncertainty about which rule to use. The fluctuations may also be encouraged by the ambiguities related to the possibility of stylistic writing provided for by the codified norm. Reflecting the lack of codification of the ALP spelling norm, the ambiguities associated with the use of capital letters for stylistic reasons, the ALP spelling tendencies also reveal the shortcomings of the codification of the spelling norms of some other real names. In general, they highlight the ambiguities related to both the spelling norm of certain real names and the spelling norm of a certain group of real names (GRN), as well as the spelling criteria and norms of real names. The universality of the usage tendencies revealed here could be more convincingly demonstrated by examining the ALP writing in printed publications, but this would be a task for the future. RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ. Astrologinių pavadinimų rašymas interneto svetainėse | 33 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 ŠALTINIAI AM – www.astrologijosmokykla.lt ANTR – www.antropoteosofineastrologija.lt ASTR – www.astrodaiva.lt SA – www.sadhanacentras.lt UR – www.uranija.lt VA – www.vidineastrologija.lt ZA – www.zachh.lt LITTERACY Ambrazas Vytautas 2008: Writing foreign real names, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute. Bielinskienė Agnė, Kazlauskienė Asta, Rimkutė Erika, Tamošiūnaitė Aurelija 2014: Common Lithuanian language: norms and usage: a textbook for higher education students, Vytautas Magnus University, Versus Aureus. Bogun Werner 1999: The Great Guide to Astrology, translated from German by M. Rindokienė, Vilnius: Lektūra. 2015: Planets in Vedic Astrology. Calm down. - Echo of Chicago. Online access: https:// aidas.us/planetos-vedu-astrologijoje-us. 2015: Planets in Vedic Astrology. Here. - Echo of Chicago. Online access: https:// aidas.us/planetos-vedu-astrologijoje-us. Drukteinis Albinas 2015: Ortographic variants of maritime terms: capital letters, hyphen, quotes. – Problems of language practice 14, 6–14. DLKG 1997: Modern Lithuanian Grammar, ed. by V. Ambrazas. Vilnius: Institute of Science and Encyclopedia Publishing. ESIV 2014: European Union Institutions Translation Manager into Lithuanian, Luxembourg. Gaivenis Kazimieras 1990: Žvaigždynų pavadinimai. – Kalbos kultūra 59, 50–54. Gudzinevičiūtė Ona Laima 2012: Some problematic cases of spelling and punctuation. – Language Culture 85, 121–135. Jakaitienė Evalda 2010: Leksikologija, 2-as pakart. leid., Vilnius: Vilniaus universitetas. RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ. Astrologinių pavadinimų rašymas interneto svetainėse | 34 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 KancKP 2020: Office Language Tips, online edition Online access: http://kanceliariniaipatarimai.lki.lt/?zodis=pavadinimas. Kniūkšta Pranas 1997: Firm names and Kniūkšta Pranas 1991: Nelietuviškieji simboliniai pavadinimai. – Kalbos kultūra 61, 25–32. their use. – Language Culture 69, 6–20. Kniūkšta Pranas 2004: Names of Institutions, Companies and Organizations. Vilnius: Lietuvos kalbos institutas, 2002. Kniūkšta Pranas 2006: Public Notes. After looking at the documents and the streets of Vilnius, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute. KB – Consultation Bank of the State Lithuanian Language Commission. Internet access: http://www.vlkk.lt/konsultacijos/2523-didieji-grizulo-ratai-kadziosios-raides [viewed 2021-11-20]. LKG 1965: Lithuanian Grammar 1, Vilnius: Mokslas. Linkevičienė Nijolė 2013: Basics of Editing, Vilnius: Vilnius University Press. LKRS 1992: Spelling and punctuation of Lithuanian language, 2nd edition. photogr. leid., Vilnius: Mokslas. LKŽin 1998: Lithuanian Language Handbook, Kaunas: Šviesa. Pupkis Aldonas 1980: Fundamentals of Language Culture, Vilnius: Mokslas. Pupkis Aldonas 2005: Language Culture Studies, Vilnius: Gimtasis žodis. Sabaliauskas Algirdas 2020: Where do they come from? The Origin of the Language: A Study in the Origin of Languages. Straižys Vytautas 2003: Astronomy encyclopedic dictionary, Vilnius: Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy. Vasiliauskienė Virginija, Rimkutė Erika 2007: Problematic aspects of spelling and punctuation in Lithuanian language, Kaunas: World Lithuanian Centre for Culture, Science and Education. Vaskelaitė Ramunė 2019: Symbolic names: concept, group composition, writing: research study, Vilnius: Lithuanian Language Institute. Internet access: http://lki.lt. Vaskelaitė Ramunė 2020: One-word terminology of astrology in terms of origin. – Terminologija 27, 128–163. ISSN 1392-267X. Access on-line: http://journals.lki.lt/terminologija/article/view/2029/2120. VLKK 1997: Decision of the State Lithuanian Language Commission "On Spelling and Punctuation of the VLEe – Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, 2001–2020. Prieiga internete: http://www.vle.lt. Lithuanian Language" (19 June 1997, No. 60). Online access: https://e-seimas.lrs.lt. RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ. Astrologinių pavadinimų rašymas interneto svetainėse | 35 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 VLKK 2004: Rekomendacija dėl kai kurių religinių vardų, terminų, pavadinimų rašymo didžiąja indent. Access on the Internet: http://www.vlkk.lt/vlkk-nutarimai/projektai/kai-kuriureliginiu-vardu-terminu-pavadinimu-rasymas-kadziaja-litera. Received 10/12/2021 Priimta 2021 12 30 WRITING ASTROLOGY NAMES IN ASTROLOGY SITES Summary The spelling norms of the Lithuanian provide for capitalization as a character of a proper name, distinguishing it from the common name. However, capitalization is only the most general rule that can be easily applied to one-word names. In the case of composed names, there are two ways to write the name: some are written in capital letters the first word, in others there are capitalized every word. This boundary is drawn according to the object to be named: the capitalization of the names of certain objects (e.g. institutions, documents, holidays) is expected to be the first word of the name, and the capitalization of the names of other objects (e.g. astronomical, geographical, mythological) is expected to be each word of the name. However, a group of astrological names is not distinguished and such names are not mentioned among the allocated groups of proper names, so the norm of their writing remains uncoded. Writing astrology names on astrology websites reveals that the wellestablished and problematic Writing astrology names on astrology websites reveals that the well-established is writing of only of astrological names composed of one word. When writing composed names, it fluctuates, and those fluctuations reveal that attempts are being made to apply the rule of capitalization of the name, and the rule providing for the writing of the name in all capital letters. These fluctuations reflect the lack of a codified norm – the exclusion of a group of astrological names and the non-mention of names that denote astrological objects among other proper names. This reflects the need of codification of the norm of writing astrological names. However, reflecting Ramune Vaskelaite. Writing astrological names on websites | 36 doi.org/10.35321/bkalba.2021.94.07 BENDRINĖ KALBA 94 (2021) http://journals.lki.lt/bendrinekalba ISSN 2351-7204 the lack of such a norm, the tendencies of writing astrological names together highlight the uncertainties and gaps in the norms of writing proper names, KEYWORDS: spelling, capital letter, which encourages the codification of the norms of writing proper names clearly or adjusted. proper names, astrological names. RAMUNĖ VASKELAITĖ Lietuvių kalbos institutas Petro Vileišio g. 5, 10308 Vilnius, Lithuania [email protected]