Kirtis ir priegaidė Kretingos tarmėje

LT RT ULVIEŲ. WORKING CLAUSES MA I, I L.1. E-"P Ui OS TSR MOK SEY AKADEMI JA KIRTIS IR PRIEGAIDE KRETINGOS TARMEJE J. ALEKSANDRAVICIUS Here are described the pronunciation of the Kretingos dialect. The descriptive area includes not only Kretinga, but also some localities near Kretinga, namely: Palanga, Darbėnai, Kartena and others. The descriptive dialect according to the division accepted in Lithuanian dialectology studies belongs to the coastal Žemaičių dounininkų dialect. Since the peculiarities of dialects as linguistic systems are most evident when they are compared with literary language, here we will examine consonants and conjugation mainly by means of comparison with literary language. Kirtis The pronunciation of the dialect of the coastal Žemaitija is very different from the pronunciation of the literary language. There is a distinct difference between the literary and the non-literary language. The most characteristic features of the pronunciation of the coastal Žemaites are the retraction of the accent and the preference for having not one, but two Rkirčiuotus syllables in the words. The pronunciation of these words is very different from that of the literary language. It is believed that the language was influenced by the Curonian and Seto languages. The first step is to move the pointer from the end of the line to the beginning of the line. There are two types of interjection: in some dialects, the interjection is interjected only in certain cases, and in other dialects, in all cases (except for the long ending of the strong beginner). When the conjunction is not deducted in all cases, but only from the short end (old tvirtaprada) to the long root, e.g. give ~ gyva (Mūšos upynas), such deduction is called conditional deduction- !. The second deflection is when the deflection from the strong and short end (except for the long end of the strong, from which the deflection is not deflected at all) is deflected to each root — long or short: 1 See Archivum Philologicum, 4, 32, Kaunas (1933). 7. Questions of Speech 97 I.u,kū ~ laukai, ro.n,ka ~ rankd, gė,rd ~ gerd, šd,kd ~ šaka (northeir rn north-western Samogitians), laikai ~ laukai, giva ~ gyva, šaka ~ šaka (Joniškis- )?, Such a declination is called universal declination. The Kretinga dialect has a general accent deflection, where the accent is deflected from the long and short endings of the stirrup (except for the long ending of the stirrup, e.g. sakdu ~ sakau (sakaū), dard ~ darai (darai), laukdms ~ laukams) to each—long and short root: /ū-u,kū ~ laukai, da.r,£G ~ daržai, vie, £7s*~ vėžys, rd,gis rugys, . kop,rd kupra, ~ még,la miglė. ~ ~ In this case, the fraction of the fraction is denoted by. In this case, the consonant is not broken completely, but divided between the beginning and the end of the word: part of the consonant is broken at the beginning of the word, and the other part is left at the former consonant place. Therefore, when the accent is removed, two accents appear in the word — in addition to the old accent, there is a new accent, called the aztitraktinis accent: ša,ka ~ Saka, lenta ~ lenta, ro.n,kd ~ ranka, gė.i,dis m gaidys, dork lis ~ arklys, longa ~ langai, vie, #1 s ~ vėžys, do.u,bie ~ duobg. In terms of vocal pressure, the accents are not equal in the dialect: the withdrawal accent is stronger than the old accent, called the secondary accent. In the introduction to his dictionary, K. Būga emphasizes that "Žemaičiai, in addition to the new accent, still pronounce the old accent, which is weaker than the new one." The accent of the dialect corresponds to the accent of the literary language, e.g. akis~ d,kės, ausis ~ a-u,sės. It should be noted that not all of the Žemaičių dounininkų dialects have such a peculiarity in the deflection of the slash, when the slash is divided into two parts. In the north-eastern corner of the Žemaičių dounininkai (Vegeriai, Klykoliai, Akmenė), which is part of the area of universal declination, the declination is declined from the end of the word to the beginning completely, leaving no traces in the old place: rdnka ~ ranka, ūusęs ~ ausis. In this case, the consonant is detracted from the end of the word to the beginning completely, so that only one consonant is formed in the word. In dialect there are words with three and four accents, which appear in three-syllable or four-syllable words when the accent is removed from the end of the word to the beginning: §,loma ~ šilumū, blėz,dinga ~ blezdinga (kvalgė), da.r,bėninkiai ~ darbininkiai, dré,gdntius ~ drigantūs (eržilus), vė,/ienėjė ~ velénija. The third interjection (the second from the end) here is called the lateral digressive interjection. This is because the accent is shifted from the end of the word to the beginning, when not only the old accent remains at the end of the word, but the syllable next to it is also pronounced. It is called a secondary accent because it is weaker than the secondary accent, say, than the main accent, but stronger than the secondary accent, See. už 2 Archivum Philologicum, 4, 32, Kaunas (1933). 3 All consonants before the vowels ¢, i (i) and the diphthong ie, and the consonants & g, &, I, §, ž before the vowels e, e¢ (ė, €) and the diphthongs ef, ei are not marked with any softness sign; because in those cases they are always soft, Here is used the transcription of the Lithuanian language atlas material collection program (1956), * K. Būga, Lietuvių kalbos žodynas, 1 sgs., LI, Kaunas, 1924, 98 There are words in the dialect that have two accents, not due to accent retraction, 0 due to a preference for accentuated long syllables. When we talk about the emergence of accents due to the tendency to pronounce long syllables accentuated, we are faced with two accents — the basic and the subordinate. —The accent of the main words is the accent of the words that do not shift the accent from the end of the word to the beginning. In addition to the main accent, such accent-free words may have another accent, the so-called subjunctive accent. It is used in words that have a long syllable after the main accent in the dialect. The long syllable after the main accent is pronounced accentuated in the dialect. In addition to the basic accent, there is a new accent, the deflection accent, due to the accentuated pronunciation of this syllable. It is called a shifted syllable because the main syllable is divided into two parts, and one part of it is as if moved from the beginning of the word to the end, i.e. the syllable is divided between the beginning and the end of the word: drk,16u ~ arkliuo (for the horse), vū,kdu ~ vaikuo (for the child), séind ~ sienai, šd,nči ~ šūnie (for the dog), praus,rčis ~ praūsties (to wash). The stronger voice pronounces the main accent, and the lowered accent is pronounced with a weak one. This is the opposite of the withdrawal of the — accent from the end of the word at the beginning. A subordinate accent occurs when a long į syllable follows the main accent or when a long syllable is formed by the short vowel of the closed ending: /0n,géu ~ languo (langui), trio,bd ~ trėbai, kūrk,la ~ kaiklai, bim,būls ~ kiaulė, vér,pdls ~ veipalas, gie,rdls ~ gėralas, dio,béls ~ dėbilas, kėr,mėns m kifminas, š0,sėns ~ gožsinas, kdn,dduls ~ kanduolas. In some cases, the prefix of the main accent of words with a shifted accent is abbreviated. This occurs when the syllable on which the main accent falls consists of shortly pronounced vowels: kd,rėns ~ kūtinas, d,vėns ~ avinas, std,l0u ~ stiluo (for the table), ga,l6u ~ giluo (for the end), a,vé1 ~ vie (for the sheep), §a,kd ~ šūkai, sdk,rčis ~ sukties (for the turn). It should be noted that in cases where the word does not have an accent, the preposition is long: kdrena ~ kūtiną, dveno ~ ūvinu, stala ~ stalo, gala ~ gūlą, avis ~ ūvys, šakas ~ šakos. Compound words, usually, being multi-stemmed, have mostly two accents — the basic and the subjunctive. In these cases, as in non-compound words, the degressive accent follows the main accent. The declination occurs mainly in those compound words in which the main accent falls on the connecting vowel or on the first part of the compound word: avė,kdilis ~ avikailis, galvio,vėršis ~ galvėviršis, saulie,kdira ~ saulékaita, griebla,kiiotis ~ grėblakotis, ognd,véite ~ ugndvieté, aki,brdukšmis ~ akibruoksmis, sdld,ri kitis ~ saldrūkštis, pds,briolis ~ pusbrolis, rėt,s į kis ~ rétsykis, kélvéite ~ kélvieté, luopét,kilotis ~ lop€tkotis, meškėr,kūotis ~ meskérkotis. Jei žodyje po pagrindinio kirčio tarméje nėra ilgai tariamo skiemens, tai toks žodis neturi nė nukeltinio kirčio, nors pagrindinis kirtis krinta ant jungiamojo balsio arba ant pirmosios sudėtinio žodžio dalies: miešlūvežšis ~ més§laveZis, arklaganis ~ arklaganis, Rauldseris ~ kiaulūšeris, rarpšakis ~ taipšakis, po.spade pūspadė, to, kas pasakyta apie tarmės kirtį, matome, kad tarmėje yra viso penki kirčiai: atitrauktinis (pagrindinis atitrauktinis), šalutinis, šalutinis atitrauktinis, pagrindinis nukeltinis. In dialect words may have only one accent, as in literary language, but ~ 99 There is no declination in cases ir where the main accent in the dialect is in the second part of the compound word: veinrdnkis vienraūkis, stuorliipis ~ storlūpis, detpélvis ~ didpilvis, mafakalbis ~ mazakalbis, veindkis ~ vienūkis. ~ Iš iš ir ne po ir po two, sometimes even more strikes. In the Kretinga dialect, the prepositions of words, as the place of pronunciation of words, ir are very different from the literary language. In this dialect, there are three, as in ne literary language, five prepositions: short, strong, 0 broken, and medium strong. ir Some of these are similar to literary language į whims, while others are only typical o of dialects. In the case of the most commonly spoken į languages, the phrases are short, the phrases are long, and the phrases are in the ir middle of the o sentence. ir The most distinctive difference from the literary prepositions is the lauztinė, which is pronounced in dialect instead of the literary strong preposition, characterized ir by a sharp fall, a breaking of the voice, much stronger than the literary strong preposition. In the case of the dialects, the pronunciation is similar to that of the literary language, but į the pronunciation of the vocals is different, and the pronunciation of the vocals is longer than o in the literary language. The literary language has no intermediate prepositions ir at all. Ji similar to į the tvirtagalė, only significantly shorter. In dialects, the middle prefix is pronounced on elongated short vowels, when the short prefix is extended, or when the accent is removed from the strong-end root of the strong-end į word. As mentioned, some words in the dialect have po two, sometimes even more accents, o accents "can be primary, — secondary and tertiary. In the dialect, the adjectives are only the ne main, but distracting and subdued ir accents. Since all accented syllables have prefixes, words with ir accents have two prefixes, and words with more po du accents have as many po prefixes. There are o three kinds of abbreviations: short, medium, and long. The short po preposition of a deduction is used when a short root is deducted from the short end of the strong verb: laūz,dd lazda, mé,dds ir medūs, rd,sa rasa, sd,ld sala, $¢loma šiluma, ¢¢,kéna tekind, nas lis vedlys, šė,ris ar į ~ ~ ~ ~ mo ~ ~ ~ Ser§s, a,véna rams, ka,ténd ~ cats, pé,lēnū ~ ashes. The ~ middle preposition of the deductive inflection occurs when the inflection is deducted from the short end of the inflection length by the root of the inflection length: d-u,sės ausis, Id.n,kd lankd, bd.rz,dd ar barzda, skio,ld skola, Zed,ma žiema, ld.uka laukai, dė.u,bie į duobė, viesie vėžė, šžūo,lie žolė, pūs,lie ~ pislé. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 100 The preposition of a fixed-ended deductive verb is when the verb is deducted from the short-ended long-ended root of a ar fixed-ended verb: d.rk,lis ~ horse, grieb,lis ~ rake, Id.n,ga į ~ windows, šė.r,dės ~ heart those,0i ~ parents, ¢&d.u,dolis ~ sneeze. In the dialect, the consonant is not separated from the long end of the first consonant: gerd ~ well (used), nušals ~ nušals (nušals), laukams ~ fields, arkičms ~ horses, gerdm geram, ausims ausims, galvilos galvéms; also in the singular I and II person verbs, because in these cases the dialect has a strong initial length ending: dardu darau ~ ~ ~ ~ (daraū), I wrote I ~ wrote (rašaū), palekūu ~ left (palikaill), matd ~ see (matai), dard ~ do (darai), skaitė ~ skaitéi (skaitei), nešė ~ nešči (nešei), padarė ~ padaréi (padarei). The side accent, which occurs in dialect due to the accent's diverging, also has a preposition. The blade is two-sided, short or long. If the inflection is drawn from the final short syllable, then the prefix of the secondary inflection of that syllable (at the end of the word) is abbreviated: d,kės ~ akis, gérd ~ gerd, la.u,kiis ~ laukūs, po.i,kos ~ puikūs, ša,kd ~ šaka, vd,kių ~ vaikiai, and if the inflection is drawn from the final long syllable, then the prefix of the secondary inflection of that syllable (at the end of the word) is a long syllable: da.r,bū ~ darbai, ė,šis ~ eZys, la.ukd ~ laukai, Jdšėnė lašiniai, va,ka vaikai. ~ ~ Lateral diphthongs have two prepositions: a short one or a long one: Vuo,kitėjė ~ Vokytija (Germany), Krė,tingd ~ Kretinga. From what has been said, we see that in dialect, due to the retraction of the accent and the preference to pronounce the long syllables accentuated, there is a retractional, lateral and depositional accent with five prepositions: short, strong, broken, middle and strong. The short-term anticipation. The trumping prefix (marked with a left pointer,,“) has short syllables, which consist of the shortly pronounced vowels a, e, e, e i, 0, u. | The short preposition in the dialect occurs in the following cases: a) In monosyllabic words on the short vowels a, e, e, 1, 0, u, corresponding to the short vowels of literary language a, e, i, w, us kds, tds, ras, nėš, vėš, lės, šės ~ šis, krės ~ kris, vės ~ vis, lig, do ~ du, sd ~ su, pūkš, bupt. b) On the short vowels e, o, corresponding to the short 7, x of literary language, in dialect monosyllabic words, which have arisen from bisyllabic words, when the short vowel of the closed ending falls: Aėrs ~ kitas, dėkts ~ diktas, pėkts ~ piktas, bors ~ buvęs, zdšts ~ tuščias, sdkts ~ sūktas. c) On the short a, e, corresponding to literary language a, e with a strong suffix, in monosyllabic words, which have arisen from bisyllabic words, when the short vowel of the closed ending falls: kdps ~ kap, ldps ~ lapas, šdps —— Sdpas, graps ~ grabs, masks ~ mūzgas, pats ~ padas, raks ~ ragas, sldpts ~ slaptas, raks ~ tūkas, léts ~ Izdas, mėts ~ metas, šėšts ~ šeštas, šėšks ~ šėškas. d) On the short vowels a, e, corresponding to the literary vowels a, e with a strong suffix, in monosyllabic words, originated in the dialect from two101 syllables, when the short vowel of the open end falls: kds ~ kasa, Fad ~ žūda, nėš ~ nėša, kép ~ kėpa, lės ~ Iėsa, mėt ~ mėta, vėš ~ vėža. e) On short vowels e, 9, corresponding literary language i, w, in monosyllabic words, which have arisen in the dialect of diphthongs, iš when the short vowel of the open end falls: 2p ~ lipa, rėk tiki, kėš ~ kiša, lop lūpa, sok ~ sūka, krdt ~ kruta. ~ ~ : f) At the beginning of the word on short vowels a, e, e, 0, u, atliepiantiy literary language a, e, i, w, u su in words with a short adverb, a - short root: from the short final syllable: d,kés akis, grd,žds gražūs, d,véfa~ aviža, mė,dės ~ medūs, /ė,gd ~ liga, vé,dds ~ vidūs, pd,šės ~ pušis, dg,nės ~ į ugnis, nū,krės ~ nukris, nil, lops ~ 1) nulūps; from the long final syllable: ~ ~ 2) /d,šėnė ~ lašiniai, dr,ūuda ~ ataudai, ė,žis— ežįs, vė,dėris ~ vidurys, pd,šie ~ pušč(į) (in the pine), dg,nie ~ ugnč(j) (in the fire), nū,dūuš ~ nudaūs, nit,ės ~ nueis. i At the beginning of a word on short vowels g) a, e, corresponding literary language a, e su in strong-end adverbs, in bi-syllabic ar polysyllabic words with a secondary accent, not due to the accent being moved from the end of the word to the beginning, but due to the elongated and long pronounced syllables in the dialect: bama,idnt ~ bamūtant, sd,kdnt ~ sūkant, la,kinte ~ lūkinti, kd,té ~ kūtei, "ld,pė ~ lūpei, Įė,sinte ~ |eating, mint,ta ~ mint, shoē,tinrtč- ~ is celebration (celebrate. get away from the rain). ; i) At the beginning of the word on short vowels a, e, sounds of literary language a, e su strong-vowel consonansu t, in words with a secondary accent, which occurs when the short vowel of the closed ending falls and thereby forms a secondary diphthong and lengthens the syllable: d,vėns ~ Avinas, db,ddrys ~ apdaras, ad,bdls ~ atbulas, ka,rdms ~ karamas, bd,rdms ~ būramas, kd,téns ~ katinas, svė,rėms svétimas, té,kéns t€kinas, vé,déns vėdinas. ~ ~ ~ i) At the beginning of the word on short vowels e, o, atliepianciy literary language i, u# su with a short suffix, in two-syllable words with a su secondary accent, caused by the elongated long pronounced syllables in the dialect: rė kinte~ rikinti, rė,tinte ~ rilinti, švė,tinte ~ švitinti, dė,dimzę ~ didinti, pod,šči ~ pūšie (pušie), po,tiioms ~ putoms, jė,dinte ~ judinti. k) At the beginning of the word on short vowels e, o, atliepianciy literary language 7, w with a short suffix, in diphthong or polysyllabic words with a secondary accent, which occurred when the short vowel of the ending fell and the syllable was lengthened: dé,dén ~ didina, rė,rėn ~ ritina, kė,šėn ~ kūšina, jd,dėn ~ juddina. 1) At the beginning of the word on the short vowels a, e, corresponding to literary language a, e with a strong suffix, in diphthongs or polysyllabic words with a secondary accent, which occurred when the short vowel of the open end fell and the syllable was therefore lengthened: md,sén ~ masina, md,žėn ~ mazina. dá,dén ~ dádina, ké,pēn ~ képina. m) At the end of the word on the short vowels a, e, e,:, 0, u, which correspond to the short vowels of the literary language with a short suffix, in the dialectal lateral accent of the 102 words with a declination: sa, ka~saka, d,véfa~aviza, gd,lė ~gale, ke.imé ~ kieme, dvd,sé~dvasia, vd,lé~valid, d,kis~akis (final), a.u,sis ~ ausis (final), ron, ko ~ ranka (jnag.), krd,td ~ krutū, sed,lius ~ stalus, la.u, kis ~ laukus. A stronghold in anticipation. 'Tvirtagalé priegaidé (marked with a riestinis Zenklelis,- ,~) is pronounced in dialect with a tending and long vocal pressure. In the case of a sig, the voice rises gradually and then suddenly falls. In contrast, the dialectal prefix differs from the literary prefix in that its declination is sharper and shorter in dialect than in literary language. The place of the prepositional pressure in diphthongs is very different from literary language. In literary language, when pronouncing a strong-vowel preposition in diphthongs, the voice pressure is concentrated on the second component, and in the descriptive dialect, the voice pressure of this preposition in diphthongs is always concentrated on the first component of the diphthongs: mdiSos ~ maišas, laiks ~ laiks, lauks ~ laūkas, kéims — kiėmas, Akdmps ~ kampas, tėmpte ~ tempti, rgnkas ~ raiikos, JlOnks ~ lankas, lickte ~ 18kti, driepte ~ drébti, diedę ~ tėvas, tier ~ tėra, oz,bilons ~ uzbonas, Jiions ~ Jonas, žūodis ~ žėdis, liops ~ 10pas. Because of this temporary concentration of vocal pressure on the first component of the diphthongs, the second component of some diphthongs (ai, ei) tends to disappear in dialect. Here are some examples where the second component of diphthongs has disappeared in dialect: vaks ~ child, fre ~ go, gréts ~ fast, sväks ~ healthy, ré,kdls reikalas. The descriptive dialect ~ tvirtagalé priegaidé is similar to the Zemgalian dialect tvirtagalé priegaidé. They coincide in terms of the type, quantity and movement of the pressure, but differ in the place of the pressure, because the strong-end prefix of the dounininky is on both components in all diphthongs, only closer to the Žemaičių dounininky with a tendency to concentrate on the first component." A solid-tip hood has: a) Long syllables, which consist of vowels of the stern length: esegdste ~ frightened, gr0šts ~ drill, skėste ~ sksti, [sce ~ lick, pikte ~ angry, Tiiste ~ sew, Tits ~ liūtas, mintis ~ masonry, liidnos ~ sad, b) Long syllables, which consist of pronounced elongated a, e: dare mo darė, eglašakė ~ eglūšakė, mažos ~ mažas, Sake ~ šūkė, šaūšos ~ šašas, sake ~ sūkė, kéke ~ kėkė, mėdis ~ mėdis, sénis ~ sėnis. However, in words where, after shortening the ending, a syllable is formed that is pronounced shortly in the dialect, the vowels a, e in such a syllable, as indicated above, have a short prefix: bars ~ bata, laps ~ lapas, kdps ~ kūlas, lėts ~ 1€das, svérs ~ svėčias, nėš ~ nėša, véd ~ véda. (c) Long syllables consisting of pure or mixed diphthongs of fixed length; In this case, the first components of the diphthongs have a preposition: lauks ~ laukas, duls ~ aūlas, šaukte ~ šaukti, Iūiks ~ laikas, pėikte ~ peikti, déina ~ dičną, ščins ~ šičnas, jOuks ~ judkas, mdils ~ muilas, kales ~ kaltas, šaltis ~ šaltis, kdmps ~ kampas, lOnks ~ lafikas, paršos ~ paišas, selpte ~ šelpti, léngvos ~ lefigvas, wvérste ~ veisti, télpte ~ tilpti, Imte ~ iti, ginte ~ giūti, Plg, Jonikas, Pagramančio dialektas, 5 P. § 15, Kaunas, 1939. 103 sėrkte ~ sižgti, gdlte ~ gulti, — triimps ~ trumpas, = silnktęe ~ sufikti, pdros ~ puivas. A futile anticipation. The latter is characterized by the presence of a ridged edge, which is a characteristic of the area, and the presence of a ridged edge. ,,~%) ir This is a distinctive feature of the literary language. In the case of a blast, the sudden breaking of the ascending voice in the middle of the sound is clearly audible, because the vocal opening closes suddenly. When the voice hole opens again at the same moment, the second part of the pronounced phoneme is finished by lowering the voice. The refraction of the voice of the broken preposition is greater than that of the literary language. In all cases, the mouth is closed in the same way. ne Some sounds are ji closed more, o others are — closed less. It depends on the quality of the sounds. Ne completely closed vocal opening when pronouncing, for i ir @: example, ~ loud rits morning, ~ lip lip. In cohesive speech, the vocal cavity is also closed, usually less than when the same words are pronounced separately. More open vocal cord when pronouncing vowels d, č: sdu sau, ~ gdrs garas, ~ gėrs gėras, ~ dér dėra. ~ Be that, more ji opened by the word skyrium, pabréziamai. Lauztiné priegaidé spūdžio vietos atžvilgiu nesiskiria nuo literatūrinės kalbos tvirtapradės, nes laužtinės priegaidės balso spūdžio vieta yra pati kaip literatūrinės kalbos tvirtapradės, būtent: dvibalsiuose, antrinio kilimo dvibalsiuose ta dvibalsiuose, atliepiančiuose literatūrinės kalbos ji ir o, é (uo ~ 0, ie ~¢), concentrated on the first component: kdilis kailis, Sduksts šaukštas, séile ~ séilé, Ičipa liepa, dduna dūona, ~ 3dlts šaltas, ~ ~ ~ ~ mz os ~ age, pdntis ~ pantis, tdrps ~ interval, kélte mo raise, Iėmpa ~ 1émpa, sénte~ sénti, gérte ~ gérti, kd, téns ~ Katinas, léns linas, ~ gérs gras, griūoptę ~ grobti, mūolis ~ ~ melis, diete ~ dėti, siediete ~ sėdčti. When pronouncing a acute consonant, the movement of the voice is the same as in a firmstarts, namely, rising falling. ir It takes longer to pronounce than the dialect's firmly rooted prefix (see section 4.4). Subsection "Steady Start Prégaidé®). It is similar in nature to the Latvian fire drill. In the introduction to his dictionary, K. Būga calls the Žemaičių laužytinę priegaidę exploding or breaking (lauztine) ir compares to ją su Latvian lauztine, called in Latvian “Rkrituoša” ir ‘crushed’ or ,lauzta®®, The dialect lauzta differs from the Latvian lauzta in the position of the vowel pressure, because the Latvian lauzta concentrates on both components of the phoneme, the 0 Žemaičių lauzta on the first component. It also — differs from the Latvian lauztine in the closure of the vocal ji hole, as the vocal hole closes more in the Žemaičių laužtinė. The fire preposition in dialect has: a) Long syllables, which consist of vowels of firm beginning length: kdsnis~ bite, kdste ~ bite, spréste ~ to decide, žiste ~ sti, rits ~ morning, gite ~ to live, virs vyras, skiiste skūsti, ils siūlas, ~ gril ~ ~ ts ~ grains, lip lip. ~ 6 K. Būga, Lietuvos kalbos žodynas, 1 sgs., XXIV, b) Long syllables consisti104 ng of pure or mixed diphthongs of firm beginning length: bdime ~ baimė, kduls ~ kaulas, sdule ~ saulė, méile ~ méilé, péiva ~ meža, séina ~ siena, péins ~ pienas, déuna ~ dona, Gusis ~ tosis, kalis ~ kaltas, somtis ~ samtis, péntis ~ péntis, kdrve ~ karvė, bdrte ~ barti, délns ~ délnas, pémpe ~ pémpé, lénke ~ lénké, gérve ~ gérve. In literary language, the prepositional accent of mixed diphthongs consisting of ¢, u + I, m, n, r, and the diphthong wi strong-started is marked with a left-handed accent, because the vowels /ir » are always short, and they remain so in these diphthongs. In the descriptive dialect, the first components of diphthongs consisting of i, u + /, m, n, r, and the diphthong wi are pronounced long and have a lauZting prefix instead of a short one: skélte mo skilti, élks ~ ilgas, télts ~ tiltas, timpa ~ timpa, pinte ~ pinti, trinka~ trinka, bėrte ~ birti, kdlte ~ kūlti, diémte ~ dumti, ké7pe ~ kūrpė, dite ~ ūiti, [ The same is true for the prefix of mixed diphthongs of the secondary ascendancy, consisting of 7, u + I, m, n, r: pél ~ pila, šėls ~ šilas, vežėms ~ vežimas, liekėms ~ lėkimas, pén ~ pina, lėns ~ linas, mėn ~ mina, tėn ~ tina, kdl ~ kūlia, gél ~ gūla, aukštoms ~ aukštumas, geléms ~ gylis, dor ~ duri. Mixed diphthongs of secondary origin, consisting of a, e + I, m, n, r, formed by the fall of the closed short ending in the dialect: gals ~ galas, ndms ~ namas, trans ~ tranas, gdrs ~ garas, kéls ~ kėlias, pėns ~ pėnas, gérs gėras, c) Long syllables of the dialect with a secondary accent, not due to the detachment of the accent from the end of the word to the beginning, but due to the elongation of the syllable in the dialect: lūo,pite ~ 16pyti, of,rd ~ vyrai, va,kdu mo vaikuo (to the ~ child), drk,lou ~ šrkliuo (to the horse), gndi,bite ~ gndibyti, ddik,stite ~ daigstyti, trė,links ~ trilinkas, dė,gintę ~ dėginti, dé,dinte ~ didinti, Jlė,sals ~ Iėsalas, sprd,géls ~ spragilas, pa,- §Drs feed, ~ va,bdls bugs. The ~ Middle Ages. The middle consonant é (noted with a straight ridged zenklé,,*) is significantly shorter than the strong-vowel consonant é, pronounced netgsimaly. Its pronoun phoneme is less tense than that of the strong-end prepositions. It differs from the strong-tailed precocial in its rise and fall of voice. In ji terms of ir the position of the voice pressure, it is not different in dialect from the strong-vowel consonant. In diphthongs, the voice pressure is concentrated on the first component: dä.i,na ~ diena, dd.u,bie ~ duobė, Id.u,ka ~ laukai. " The middle prefix in dialect has: a) Vowels e, o, responding in literary language 7, » with a short suffix, in open, one-accent words (i.e., without a secondary accent), in syllables: vé.sos visas, bėgę bijo, lė.pa lipo, tekė.nis tekinis, krė.stemo kristi, $0.kas ~ šūkos, b0.va ~ buvo, $o.ni ~ §uni, no.gara ~ nūgara, šo. Let's go, let's go. ~ ~ ~ ~ If bi-syllabic or multi-syllabic words have two accents, i.e. the main and the secondary, then vowels e, o, which in literary language have 7, u with a short suffix, have in dialect a non-middle, O short suffix: vé,sds ~ visais, bėjūom ~ bijom, [é,pdm ~ lipam, tekė,nė ~ tekiniai, kré,tiot ~ 105