Kai kurios Zietelos tarmės ypatybės

LTEE:E.-TEL V..TrŪU-/K A L BO TY R O. S KLAUS I M Al, II LeleE ST UV 048. T'S RF MOK SL. Some texts from the Zietela dialect (southwestern Belarusian SSR), which has been almost extinct in recent times, were recorded in 1957 with a portable tape recorder. Based on these texts, some more important features of the phonetics and morphology of the dialect are indicated here, and a dictionary of little known words and borrowings found in the texts is given. The vocalism and consonantism of the Zietela dialect have characteristics that, on the one hand, connect this dialect with the South-West Highlanders, and on the other hand — with the Dzūki and Eastern Highlanders. The morphology of the dialect has retained many ancient features: all four pronouns, adjective pronouns, and athematic verbs are used. The third person of the past tense of the verb „be“ is bit(i) (was), prepositions sa, pie, adverbsmiy daryba ir kt In dialect, especially in phonetics and lexicon, there is a marked influence of Slavic languages. Because of the fact that the Lithuanian language of Zietela is no longer a living language, the dialectal material is full of fluctuations and inconsistencies. There are two gardens in the district of Zietela (pronounced Zietela, Zi'tela, bld. Ilaūmnoso, Įlūmnoso, 1. Zdzieciol) in the Grodno Oblast of the Belarusian SSR, where you can find elderly people who know and speak Lithuanian. This island of the Lithuanian language, located 80 km south of the border of the Lithuanian SSR (about 150 km from Vilnius, about 50 km from Lyda and about 20 km beyond the Nemunas) is one of the furthest known places of existence of the Lithuanian language outside the borders of our republic. Some linguists and historians consider it to be one of the witnesses of the ancient ethnographic territory of the Balts. Lithuanian-speaking areas are 60-80 km north of this island, for example, Laz(d)iny and Daunorių apyl. (Jurétiskiy raj.)!, Ramaškonių, Dainavos, Bastūnų, Varanavo aps. (Varanavi district), Žirmūnai, Kazokiskiy, Pamedės, Užūbaliai, Pelesės, Rėdunės villages. (Rādūnes raj.) For the sake of convenience and tradition, this island of Lithuanian language is called by the name of the district center —Zietelos dialect, although in fact Lithuanian-speaking people are now only on the northern side of Zietela —Zasečių (pronounced Zasėčai (perhaps from Ząsečiai), Zosėčai, Zasiėčai, Zasėčai, Zasičėtė, blr. 3acémee) (3 km to the north) and 1 Plg, J. Senkus, Kai kurie Lazūnų tarmės ypatumai, —„Lietuvos TSR Mokslų akademijos Darbai“, 195 Pagirių (tari Pagifai, Pagirai, Pagiri's, bltr. Jldeupsr) (8 km į Serija A, 1, 180—193, Vilnius, 1958, pp. 180—193). People say, in the past, t. y. before the First World War, five, ir perhaps more, Lithuanian-speakio ng ir villages, namely: Zasečiai, Pagiriai, Narčiai (tari Narčai, Narčai, bltr. Hopyesuuu), Kurpešai (tari Kūrpešai, Kuipesai, Kūrpešos, bltr. Kypnewu), Dainava (tari Dainavd, Dainuva, bltr. Sląsesb, Slmenaso, 1. Jdcwief) ir kt. E. Voltaire In the inventory of the Zietela 1580 manor he finds Lithuanian names not only in the above-mentioned gardens, but also in Zietela itself, Strėlėje (pronounced Strėlė, in the local dialect Cmpend) (9 km west of Zietela), Aleknavičiuose (tari Alchnavičai, Alchnavičai, bltr. Oaéxnosuu) ir kitur. 1886 m. according to statistics, there were still 1156 Lithuanians here® Prof. K. Būga, who visited this area in 1906, notes that it was possible to communicate in Lithuanian only in Zaseciai with 400 inhabitants, while the rest of the population, although no longer speaking Lithuanian, still understood much of the language. In the Pagirų and Narčių farms, more than a hundred people still spoke Lithuanian at the time Zmoniy?®. In 1933, A. Valaitis, who visited the village, found 31 more families in Zaseciai talking to each other (and their su children) Lithuanian suaugę (95 ir 25 children), ir 80 in which the elderly spoke Lithuanian, and the younger generation — more Belarusian (245 adults and 175 young people), but all the other 67 families (309 persons) no longer spoke Lithuanian. The last woman who spoke Lithuanian died in Narciai in 1929, and in Pagyriai only two people spoke Lithuanian for a long time. Lithuanian-speaking people still existed in Žibartauščina manor (lit. Ži"bartduščina, bltr. JKubopmosmuna, Žybartowszczyzna) 1. (1 km from Zietelos į north), in o Girninkai (tari Girni "ka, bltr. Tupruku, 1. Hirniki), in Vezauli (tari Vezduéus, Vezdugis, Vezdučai, Jezdugis, blr. Besaséy, Esaséy, 1. Wiezdwiec) (T-8 km į southwest of Zietelos), in Giedgaluose (tari 2000, bltr. 2000, bltr. leseéant) ir elsewhere in Lithuanian has long disappeared. * Currently, the majority of ir Lithuanian speakers are In the garden (about people, 30 not counting those who understand Lithuanian, who are three times more; people suitable for writing dialect were found only about people). 12—15 | Iš There are two sisters who speak Lithuanian well, and there are more who understand o it less well. ar ir At the moment one hangover, namely, Chaleckienė-Dicevičiūtė P. (94 m. 2000) live _ Zieteloje, o her sister M. Vasiukevičienė-Dicevičiūtė (82 m. 2000) — Rybokos garden (6 km į east of Zietelos). There are a few elderly people in the garden of the Narciai who understand Lithuanian, but speak it hardly, so they have very little significance for the writing of the dialect. According to local people, the strongest contributor to the demise of the Lithuanian language here during the Polish occupation was the ir * E, Wolter, Die Lithuanians im Circles Slonim Gouv, Grodno. — “Notifications of the Lithuanian Literary Society, 4, 166 — 169, Heidelberg, 1899. 3 K, Buga, on the eastern island of Lithuania. — The Lithuanian Farmer", No. 41, 498 —500, Vilnius, 1906. t A. Valaitis, A. Lithuanians of Mickevičius' native places (approx. Zasečių — Zytelos lietuvius), — "Lithuanian Echo", No., action. 209, 3, Vilnius, 1938, 196 Economic conditions also had a great influence: all the strongest Lithuanian families of Zasečiai during the land reform (1932 — 1939 m.) first were divided into single villages, a considerable number of Lithuanians ir caught fish During World War II, some of them were deported to Poland, where they became Polish nationals. Most of the members are over 60 years old, with 60 only a few o younger. Thus, the Lithuanian language is living its last days on this island. When compiling the material for the dialectological atlas of Lithuanian ir language, we were interested in the study of rapidly disappearing dialects of Lithuanian language beyond the administrative borders of our republic, such as: Apso (Brėslava and V§dziy districts), Kamajai and Lefitupis districts. (Steady and Swing), Gervėčiai and Rimdžiūnai villages. (Astravo r.), Azierkų k. (Gaidino r.) and in the above mentioned r. Approximately from 1950 m. For research purposes, į these islands are visited by the republic's linguists, folklorists ethnographers. ir For example, alone į Four expeditions had arrived in Zietela, not counting several individual linguistic trips. The most notable of them was the dialectological expedition organized by the Lithuanian Language and Literature Institute in 1955, during which a large number of texts were recorded on a tape recorder. Although the Institute of Lithuanian Language and Literature and individual linguists have already accumulated a considerable amount of material on this dialect, in addition to the texts of P. Arumas, published in Estonia, and Ch. A short description of this dialect, published in Norway, has not been published in Lithuania so far. This island of the Lithuanian language, which has remained in the vicinity of Zietela since ancient times, together with other islands of the Lithuanian language in similar conditions, with its archaic morphological forms, peculiar ways of word formation, different vocabulary, etc., is very valuable material for the study of the Lithuanian language. Here are given a couple of household stories, recorded in 1957 with a portable tape recorder from the best representatives of the Zietela dialect: Marijonas Burokienė from Zasečiai and Petronėlė Chaleckienė from Pageriai. Burokienė-Glubokaitė Marijona, 68 years old, was born and lived almost the whole century in Zasečiai farm. She served with Polish and Russian lords for several years, was in Vilnius twice, emigrated from the front to the depths of Russia during the First World War. She can speak and read Russian, Polish and Lithuanian. He moved to Poland in 1958. Chaleckienė (bltr. Chaleckaja)-Dicevičiūtė Petronėlė, 94 years old, born and raised in Pagirų farm. He served for a long time with Polish lords in Zietela and Volkowice. She speaks Lithuanian the most beautifully of all the Pagėgiai people. He loves to tell stories. He lives in Zietela. Attempting to characterize the dialect, first of all it is necessary to note the great volatility and diversity of the speakers of this dialect. Since the local Belarusian dialect is used in all areas of life, and Lithuanian is spoken only occasionally by old neighbors, relatives and one other person among themselves in the family, so many representatives of the dialect have lost the correct pronunciation of the Lithuanian language. 5 P, Arumaa, Lithuanian oral texts from the Vilnius area, 41 —53, 68 —75, Dorpat, 1931; Chr, S, Stang, The Lithuanian dialect of Zasėčiai in the Vilnius area. —„Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences- “, Vol. 14. Questions of Speech II, 197 feeling. As a result, very often differs not only one Man's language from another, but a lot of inconsistencies of inconsistencies occur in one ir ir to in the language of the speaker. For example, sometimes the same word is pronounced differently: nėkaltas nekaltas, || paršai pafšai, pigii's || pigus, vištos vištos, dirba || dirba, bli"nus bli-niis; mixed || family: dion dion, kunėdai || kunddos || || || (potatoes), asmokai || asmokai (money), bazni&ai || bazničos, vilogai | vuogos, seserai || séserés® ir etc. Sometimes because of such variations (also due to the influence of frequent k. Slavic elements) it is even difficult to determine the normative ar phoneme gender of the dialect. However, these inequalities found in speech for ar one reason or another are not of a regular nature do not deny ir The existence of the Zietela dialect as a system, its independence. Here are some of its characteristics, a considerable part of which can be found in the texts printed below. Vocalism, the so-called nasal sounds of literary language 4*, ę ir sound combinations am, an, em, untranslaen table Ū), (į, u' (4, y), um, un, i" im, in: gra-Stas, ir zū'sės, katra', galva", tė"sa (pull, pulls), ište'zdinėja (pull out, absorbs), sémti, švenitė, rami, ramitis (rod), tdmsus, sdmtis, inkando, rafikos, peniRos, tankū. This would have led ši to the creation of the Southwest Highlands. But other features The ridge is distinct from the western ridge. For example, unlike lk. here the higher degree of adjectives is pronounced: sen@snis, sen@sné, gražūsnis, gražūsnė, did@snis, didaesné, ir 1999. (in French) (in French) (in French) (in French) (in French) Sounds of Literary Language o ir ė in dialect are often translated as diphthongs uo ir iė (more often vo, 'ė) žuodis, nuori, kdoja, šūka, bruolūkas, ižnuoriėl, jiėmė, daržiniė, turiėi, adbiégdu. However, this diphthongation is not consistent: often the same speaker of the dialect ir pronounces a strong diphthongation one time, and another time a non-diphthongation or a very weak diphthongation. In the texts, ši therefore, the characteristic is marked only in more prominent cases. Instead of lk. o occurs the diphthong ow. However, this phenomenon is only observed in two forms made in words: ir iš jų rouli~toli, roulést (further), soudi-t~sodint, pasoudindū, next to tol, sodi't. In other places, it is o sometimes abbreviated ir and pronounced as e.g.: kukai, u, tukai (vn. caud. ), kuplonas (priest), kudél~kodél. LK. sound at e the beginning of the word echoes a: the dialect sounds aglinė, ūžaras, aina, ašis, apušė. In various positions. sound e improperly (usually long pronounced) expands, acquiring a a shade (marked ce)? : ndėša, mas, meetai, kumele, geėramvgertia, svirnelis, vél@snis, blog@sné, nesidaile’~nesidale, kite’. 6 The transcription is used in its entirety. Sign for sounds a, e Together means ir jų Undialectal lengths are marked with a dot at the top, iš on the left side of the letter. Ši the rule does not apply to sounds of 7 ir 4 length independent of accent Marking everywhere. O iš nature long sounds o ir ė length is not indicated anywhere. The prefixes of long vowels are marked based on hearing. 7 Occasionally a' (a) ir a turns into a double ai: pageldiskes>pagaląsk, kdisnis~kasnis, inkdisk (snack), daili*tis~ share, dailf'ba. 8 This sound occurs in the speech ne of all dialect representatives, e.g. Chaleckienė P, all pronounces e significantly northerner than normal e (good, old), but its ši language feature, atsira= dusi, probably due to Polish influence, is not reflected in the transcription of the texts. 198 Very often lk. sound w in the prefix and preposition after becomes i: iZnoržį-vužnorėjo, iš manė, išdkorvužšoko, ifvilko~uzvilko (nutempė). Similarly. w echoes dialects: in these roots: Zuwés next to zdivės-o fish, tongue, brbivai (brows). Pure diphthongs ie, uo very often turn into monophthongs i* (y), w (ū) due to the strong emphasis on the first syllable: ži'md, niko, virnas, di'nd, $i, sesū, dick, važū'kim, judas, ku'dečlis, ponis, li'tūs, Pazi'telai (name of a meadow)®. These diphthongs are most often pronounced only with a weakened second sandu: di „das, diena, sielas. In some cases, the first and not the second syllable of these diphthongs are weakened, e.g.: viena', dična*, pagrėbs, nesamelės, pardės, juédas, Joda (surname). The same words are alternately pronounced with the quite healthy diphthongs uo, ie. In some words instead of Ik. ei occurs in the diphthong ie: sviekas~ sveikas, viekdū (fast), viekést (faster), nai, „viekėst (fastest). But very often, instead of ie, there is still ė, e or i: svėkas, vėkdū, vekdil, next to vikdi, vikėst. There is no doubt that the bilingualism of people is to blame for this variety of dialects. The first syllable of the accentuated and unaccentuated diphthong au in the strong-vowel suffix of the dialect is pronounced very darkly with a more or less pronounced o, so it is transcribed as du: Idūkas, jēmdūū, kūtūle. The first syllable of the diphthong ai in the same position (gerai || gerai, mažai) is also darkened, but this feature is not marked in the texts. Although the dialect is the furthest to the south, it differs from other nearest Lithuanian-- speaking localities (Laz(d)ūnai, Varandvo, Rėdūnės, Azierkai, etc.) mainly in the absence of the basic features of Dzūkijos dialect, e.g., it is said: pati, marti, dvi, dvidešim, gaidi's, ti'sa, di'nd, bit, dirbr, dirpča, gaidžai, medZas. "Sounds of Africa: The Unsung Heroes of Africa". dE at the word ending, e.g., pameteu, samdeū, dudeu, bilu, gaido, zodo, dantit' (and dančit')s gaidu joins the Dzūkian and the adjacent eastern Altay dialects, In some examples instead of lk. sound # in the dialect the sound =z occurs: zasės-gožąsys, žvėris, zvaizdé~izvaigidé, zi'mda, bazni'ūča, zowis, zėmė, zūmė next to švaiždė, žiema, žomvis, Fame. The prefixes /, r, s, š, š and the Afrikaans č, dž are very often hardened before the vowels e, ė, kdūls, kum@le, kalbék, lanta, langvas, staldlis, išlotūdo, turis réké, vw rotūko, nuvagfdu, šašdi, trūčas, Zemom, graf ždsnis, madžas; but also says: lédas, vėlesnis, kūlbė, graži, ši'ma, norčį, reika, sv@cas, svečiosna, dudžam. 4, g before the sound combinations š, #4 r, d, č are not pronounced: šduštas, auštas, pérnisca(s), vakari'ūšča, nundiniūšča (today), ruštūs, ri'štė, žvirždos (sand), švaiždė, sphisnos (feathers); but i: remains in the sometimes compounded Zodiacs: anikstri‘tas (easterly), aikšeni and aiseii (pronounced). 9 Diphthongs fe, uo, turned into monophthongs i", u*, are sometimes abbreviated, e.g.: litakas~lietukas, jim(i)emiiems, jūsmojuos, sa jiūmoesu juo. 10 The fat hardening of the front row vowels e¢, ė, i darkens and brings them closer to the back row vowels, The backward i is transcribed as 4 and e, ė—8. 199 Words beginning with vowels are sometimes accompanied by the consonants 4, z, j. The A is particularly common: hdra~aria, hartdjas, haust(i), hait(i)~eiti (go), hanas~anas (he), hupé~upé, huogos, hobvolai- ." Less frequently, o and ji are added: ovūpė, wviogos, vobvolai, vūlli'ča, vū.tarina"?, Jif, jėmė, jūni's (jie), iana (ji). Sometimes some consonants (e.g., R, ¢, g) are added at the end of words: tiktaik, tadaik, kadaik, pėrnaik, seniaik, grafast (more beautiful), ddusdūs: || ddugést (often), rsaik (as), gig (also). As in our other dialects, in Zietela dialect there is frequent assimilation of consonants, i.e., the muffled consonants, when standing before the sharp ones, become muffled, and the sharp ones, when going before the muffled ones, become muffled (even though these adjacent sounds belong to separate words), e.g.: dž, „gi, mez, jdu, kab. ‘gi; jaib "daughter, manaz, jiš, thirty, work, outdkormvuūžšoko. From the word formation. It's worth mentioning. a noun suffix -i'ka (pronounced -orka)'3 is characteristic of the dialect, which has a gracious, minor, and sometimes derogatory meaning: avot'ka (sheep), karvsika, Rdūulorka, kumelsrka, mergaitov'ka. Live is also a minor suffix -uras: vilkūras, kiškūtas, langūtas. The suffix -ikas, having a pleasant, diminutive meaning, is very popular in personal names: Valėrikas, (Valerijus), Bernadikas, (Bernardas, Bernardukas), Jūzikas (Juozukas), Kosttikas (Kostas, Kastukas),, Risikas (Ričardukas), Janikas (Jonukas). It is probably based on the Polish example. Adjective suffix is -:rkas, -itka, also used in minor, gracious meaning; madcitkas, macitkd (small, -a, tiny, -ė), grūžitkas, gražitka, senitkas, senitkd, duštitkas (very high), auštitkd, macinitulitka (little). In dialects, repeated verbs with the suffix -(d')inėri are very popular. Only in their meaning and use do these repetitive verbs have no iterative meaning: norėjdu pirkinč: (buy) something; I „jū davingjdu (I gave) him ēdi't (lunch). But they are even more common with prepositions: sa, „ravip (tavim) ndru gerdst sasidėdinėt; meet the: man" again; This shit's gonna hurt you." Very productive verb construction with the prefix pa-. The prefix is also used for the genders of prepositioned verbs, e.g. anas papriaidinėčį prig_jito drklo; koka (something) drawing kril'pa: out, "pirkos. Common prefixes of Slavic origin: ras-, pad-, da-; rasidailėm (we divided); I mnuvėjūū sa „boy's feet rastati'dinėt (to build); padkaldinčį (kaustė) and, „jaučus, kab. a flashlight; equally to the edge of the tree'; nothing helps; I don't want to give it to you. Change of words. Male singular noun in place of Ik. -(i)ui has the ending -(i)u: niko nedū.tari'k tdm človeku; the child it's good; The old i-kamie has also been preserved in the sustabarézett prefix forms.11 Sometimes the reverse phenomenon is also observed, especially in the Lithuanianization of Slavic borrowed words: aspaddrus, aspadol'né, utarit, 12 Vague lengths, found mostly in words of Slavic origin, are marked with half length: vū.li“ča, u.tarit. 13 Sometimes the prepositional sound -u'-(y) is pronounced with -ujatspalvis, the singular noun ending -7: lik.,pačdm telūki malZési; two days to go." The feminine singular noun has the ending -(i)ai: są, „vi'nai savai pačdi būstas nakėdi; tdi pardi (at the time); Anas sa_,jdi bit. It is believed that this ending is a remnant of ivardZiuotiniy adjectives*- *,. „which survived and spread to other parts of the language, perhaps, has been helped by the Slavic ending -ou of the same vowel, e.g.: c ojiKori cBoeli »enoli »xHBeT; OH C Heil Obl. This ending (if pronounced, of course) differs from the singular noun only in its suffix: di'moi, kab jal bus gerdst 200 (better); dū'k that mefgai; some~something, some~something. Four localities are used: a) the internal present pronoun often loses a powerful e; we live our lives; second wveséi; The plural pronoun (inessivus) of feminine, and sometimes masculine, nouns of various stems has the ending -sa: tėp kdb mano ausi'sd; aki'sd; two-and-a-half; chicken sits bitterly; Anas dtait is, klauša vaikudsa poterus ar, moka. (b) internal passenger (illativus): smoke nuvaZdy roads; sakrdvė vežimani; maga aijo akmeniū (to the mill); you went out to guests; katraii kraštai išndri, tana (in that) krasean and, pežūoja; aimd ir. But we're back to our grips. In addition, it is noticeable that in the dialect of Zietela, the time iliative is very often used instead of lk. inessive or final: arvadų subaron; nedélon bir anas mū'sim; Now go shashton, adi'non'll take you. c) the presence of a stranger (adessivus): where will you be (live) or, "Where (at Kaška) or, Saipukip (at Šaipūkas)? ; for me(p) (with me) jdū vaikū'bir; even mu'sip (at us) no one nėrd, mu'sim(p) asmokū' nėrd; jaib (at her) daughter bit beautiful; Vi'nam žmėgip bit chvdras (sick) su'nūs. d) the allative: dš nuwejdid namdp'® (to the house); Gaidelop aimū (at Gaidelis —surname); Someone's running up to us, drawing a tree. The latter pronoun is less commonly used in the Zietela dialect than, for example, in Lazūnai. Very often the feminine o-, éir ikamieniai nouns have the same plural noun and noun ending -mi: kviečūs Rūūlemi mala; or, ‘date mergdmi jést; the child to her vaiščoi kdjémi (kojomi); sa, kunodomi gardėst kap sa_kruopomi. According to these roots, the plural noun of a-root nouns must have also adapted: arnėš vėl vaikami jėst; diok darba" vi'rami itiemi. M Plg, J. Endzelins, Grammar of the Latvian language, 428—432, Riga, 1951; J. English Grammar, English Grammar, 3, 40, Warsaw, Poland 1956; J. Kazlauskas, The decline of the consonant declination type of Lithuanian nouns, —„Some questions of Lithuanian grammar“, 7 —8, Vilnius, 1957, 5 See P, Arumaa, min. veik,, 70—71; Z. Zinkevičius, The history of the nominative adjectives of Lithuanian language, 100, Vilnius, 1957. The eighth-level bridge is a three-lane bridge, with a three-lane bridge on each side of the bridge. 201 In the field of pronouns, the very lively use of adjective pronouns is to be mentioned: mūnas, mand, tavas, tavd, savas, savd, of which almost all are remained in the form of adjectives. The demonstrative pronoun has preserved some noun forms: tdji feminine, tdį gird, itoi pirkd. This probably also includes the singular forms of the masculine gender, varlininko: zsai(k) žmogus, itsaik vaikas. There are a number of preserved athematic verbs: mi*Akt(i), air(i), skūdt(i), jēst(i), desi(i), duost(i), giest(i). But there are also contaminated forms: giema, aima, miégma, (j)žma, dėma, duoma and dioja. The third person of verbs with the communicative prepositions =uoti, -oti, -ėti of the past participle tend to have shorter genders: subaton vūkaru iSvagdu Li'dėn; jdm niddr sotku (acres); manaz brother died, not having anything; wool shoes Parisian toes; from „pirkos nešdį daržinėn. Sometimes (very rarely) the third person of the present tense also has a shorter gender: dni's vašuoi jadi namdp; kdp, „po, bala’ brdidžoi, pdšunta špūros (interdigital spaces). Is the third person of the past participle of the verb "be" clear, blt (buvo)'? : cows mūsu" bit two her, "gi suitku very bit; viso bit, dt viso bit; do, „all right bit, do, „all right bit; biri di'das sa, "bdbai. The consonant s or š in the first person of the future tense before the ending -w is hard: neižbū'su, dirpsu, norėsu, dū'su, nunešū, vešū, The first second person of the future tense of the short and firm-end prepositional bi-syllabic verbs pronounces the ending: aisi, ais, nuvešū, neši, atnešū, mirsū, inmesi, pirksit, pirksi. ir The pronoun is also peculiar: I „du sakepčdp (I would bake); column th „gi sadėktai well birtwp, ; dt that, arvažū'tumei; chdrs ti (although) moma norétu'p, „bū'ča, so ka noréjdu namiė bits aš mes, „dūotus jums viso, ag. "you should have brought;" we would buy us, „a buy“. Recursive forms of the verb that are worth noting, e.g. recursive particle -si is often used even at the end of prepositioir ned words: areimasi, prisegdinėjosi, There are examples when forms that are not Ik, or are rarely Ik, are transformed into regressive forms: žu'rėjosi, béginéjosi. It is particularly notewortši hy that the particle, being in the ending, in some words breaks the interjection from the root itself: renkasi į (ruošiasi, rengiasi), radosi, stojosi. Instead of the gi semi-participants of both genders and numbers 1k, different ir forms and instead of the participant, one semi-participant is used in the masculine plural form of the ending su -mi:*8 I, muvejdū efi vergdami (weeping); nugriwo 12 The form bit is used in the writings of Bretkūnas, Ruigis, plg, A. Bezzenberger. Beitriige zur Geschichte der Litauischen Sprache, 206, Gottingen, 1877; also bit used in southern Rytprisiy Lithuania about (eldupe (umGoldap), see. F. Kurschat, Grammar of the Lithuanian Language, 287, Halle, 1876; A. Schleicher, Handbook of the Lithuanian Language, 1, 252, Prague, 1856; Zr. P. Arumaa, min. veik., 69. 18 Katerina Zukelyté-Juodiené (about 68 years old), former teacher at the Zaseliy primary school, sometimes speaks with the ending -mds or -md; dnas griwo Légdamds (ir -ma). 202 wheel while driving (while driving); we're just driving around. I, see, I'm a rabbit" running (running). The active participants of the present tense do not differ in their genus and number, they have one form with the ending -@* (Ik. ¢): biwom mes drdugéi div brolu nesidaile’ (not having divided); melduke (unexpected) part (hereinafter) išėjėū; left a mark (the radio point stopped playing); sesilo bit arvažave*; pripuve" bir kvemi (rotted, broken). Some adverbs change as follows: sufikai, sunkėst, nai,_sunkést; senaik, senėst, ndi, senėst, ddilg, ddig(el)is, diugést, ddugdūsi, ndi,_ddugést, naidduŠauša(reč.). Instead of written language preposition and prefix with used sa: sddegė, satikdinėja, viend sa,,vaikū; sa, savais bērniems bir and. This preposition (and prefix) also occurs in old writings and in some dialects, especially in the former, Prussian Lithuanian dialect? ?, Next to the preposition and prefix za in the dialect is not properly, but very often is used and iž: iš, „ausų pakele; ižnorčį, išgiest(i), ižšd.tarino, 151i skit, istjudks ~ uzsijuoks, Only once in the texts the prefix aZoccurs: ažūmirdu. In the dialect of Zietela, as in Lazūnai*?, the old preposition pie is still alive, used with various syllables: mes sastdjom pie, ja; ani's, prijunke’ pie, sūvo (customs); threw (a man) and_that near the church; š pie, „Jacukūs bir vilenska gubėrnija, o pie, „Novojelna“ = Minska, Syntax, Some prepositions are used with other vowels than Ik.,: kdrvė mėlšėsi lik „pačim telūki; two adini dar lig,,vakari (internal use); Dr. jail po, “Pushdu days; neilga dai as iš gavė (because of you) rodo buvad; she ran away an. ‘vesės i, rėka; "Tri's aspadērai an, "viena plūka braucēju. There is also a significant amount of specific vocabulary in this dialect. In addition to the old Lithuanian words there are a lot of borrowed words from Slavic languages, therefore a dictionary of little known words and borrowed words is given after the texts. We were friends, but we didn't share the same brélu. Bė Zai jū" bit paki i, nuimire nesidaile', o, "jaū ani's (children) bit dasim mėtu', Mas jad pasifininion i. "We were, some of us are, "pačo rdzom nesidaile'. Oh, "pdtim, vedoma, gi, "manim jau bērn' bit. My name is Ritvertas vaiki, 05; I'm sure I'm the same as you, but I'm from the north. After you've done that, you're still in the dark. It's a stupid thing, it's his own improvisation, VedOmi gi, Klipatas are "children, o_,anagi bėz vaikd', that's her, "I'm very sufiku bit. Well, that's a good thing. Mžtu“ | trajis visa aidėsi, afdési, kad, „visa, taki rasidaili*t, Op „mūnas žmėgus nenorčį daili'tis, 1? Plg, Bezzenberger, min. veik,, 246; A. Schleicher, min. veik,, 280; H. uazeannn, Jlarbuuekne npegsorn, 1, 196, OpbeBs, 1905; J, Endzelins, min. veik,, 569; J. Otrebsk1, min. veik., 342, 20 Pla, J. Senkus, min. veik,, 191, 203 Moža — možno músit (musit) tar — būt, probably nūto dargi, dar, net — nechoj —tege nedavérias netikėlis, tornintojas nūg —nuo į pabūti — užtekti, stovėti padkaldinéti kaustyti padėtkai —mokesčiai paki —kol, — pakol pakūlti sudaužyti palūdnavoti — valgyti pavakarius, pusdieniauti pamacitkū —pamažu, pamažėli pamėsti —palikti pariūkti — —imti, atimti paristi — —pargriauti, parversti pas(i)dėti —pamatyti, išvysti pasislėpti pasižėnyti —marytis, apsivesti paūtaryti (Gtaryti) —žr. pažinti —suprasti pažįsti —pažinti pėrbūti —pragyventi, išgyventi pilnavéti —būti, saugoti pOtim —paskui pdierkai (poterkos) —necklaces prijunkti —pripratinti pririfikti prepare, prirengti priség(diné)- ti(s) —į risiekti, prisiekdinéti prisirinkdinéti —rengtis, puoštis pritrinti pritarkuoti rassakydinéti —pasakoti rarašyti pasirašyti raščina tesla, masė razdailyti —išdalinti, padalinti razom kartu razrifikti —paimti rifikti — — — — — — 1) take, 2) take a wife rodos, -a—happy, -a sa —with save —to destroy, to fall, to spoil sakepti (say saképti) —to cook sabotageéti spoil, to destroy save save, to enrich sasédinéti to put together — satieiti sutartis, sulyginti — sasigri€bti susikibti, pestis — sdvintis —to confirm, to — prove, dievaŽytis syla —force — spakainas, -a —calm, -i spésoti hurry split feathers spritnus, -1 —fast, -a, agile, -i stiéna siena strycha (striecha) —roof strychduka —insurance fee, insurance strokas baimé sūdžia judge dresses — dress spoiled (neighbor) — neighbor warm fire, light, fire, 4) heat; Skoda (and $koda) —jaila šviišti whistle tadaik —tada taki — — — — — —1) 2) 3) — (gi) — nevertheless, also, as well tasla —1) dough, 2) bread bowl tata —dad tefiaka there, there térlé clay pot, half-pouch terlyka —half-pouchélé continue to drag drag — only —only, only tiurma —prison hard — tsaik —this, this, that tuizoti —to drag, to pull ūtaryti (útaryti) talk, talk — about zaeidinėti —let, sit (sun) zaeiti —go to riūkti —1) take, 2) dress up uzsipiduti —to take time while piating, uZsimirsti — uzsodinéti —to prove, argue dress up —arrest, pull down eating —lunch vūtaryti —See. utaryti eat lunch ziras tuoj, tuojau veddma — žinoma zausiddi always have dinner have dinner zdslanka krosnies dangtis, pečiavesčilia wedding 211 — — — — — — — , : dangté vert (visite) — gardens, country street, flying == Play aimas viekiaū — quickly play play — play play 3 vilkūtas wolf, — wolf child Z§vytis — feeding all equal anyway — zvirzdos (only dgs.) — sand HEKOTOPbIE OCOBEHHOCTH 3ETEJIbCKOTO TOBOPA A. IO. BUOAYTHUPUC Peswnme B [latnosckom (aut. Zietela) paiione I'poamenckoii 064. besopycckoii CCP mnaxoasrcs nepeBuU 3acerbe (Sittings) um Ilornpm (Pagiriai), B KOTOpbIX elle MOKHO HaHTH Jiojeil, TOBODSLIHX Ha JHTOBCKOM S3biKe. Ha ior or rpannusl JlutoBckoit CCP aro cambiif JajleKHil OCTPOB JIHTOBCKOTO SI3LIKa. [lo TpajHuKH JHTOBCKHIi FOBOP THX JepeBeHb HasbiBaeTcs,,3eTeJIbCKHM (AsitnoBckuM) roeopom‘* (,,Zietelos tarmé‘‘). It was founded in 1886 by the 1156 residents of the village of NpoxHBaJio. B nacrosimee BpemMsi TOBOPSILIHX MO-JIMTOBCKH MOXHO HacuHTATb 10 30 desioBeK, a MNOHHMAIONLHX JIMTOBCKHH S3bIK pasa B TpH GoJibine. Haunnas ¢ 1950 r., stor OCTPOB MOCEaJo HeMAaJIO $3bIKoBeJOB H3 JIHTOBCKOH pecnyOJIHKH, HO €OOpanHblii MaTepHuaJi He Obl ONyOGJHKOBAH. BuumaHHIO YHTaTeJiell 3Oj MpeJsaraloTcsi HeCKOJIbKO JĮHAJIEKTOJIOTH4eCKHX TEKCTOB, 3alHCAHHbIX MOPTATHBHHIM MarHeTO(ĒoKoM B 1957r. TercTki cHaOKeHbl KOMMEHTapHeM O TJaBHbIX (JOHETHYECKHX H MOP(OJOrHYeCKHX 0COGEHHOCTAX 3ETEJIbCKOTO roBopa, a Take CJOBapeM MAaJIO3HaKOMbIX CJIOB H 3aHMCTBOBAaHHH. [loka emė pano pemaTb BOMPOC, K KaKOMY JHaJ/IeKTy JIHTOBCKOTO 53biKa OTHOcHTCSA 3erenbckuil rosop. CreflyeT oJHaKO 3aMeTHTb, UTO IO HEKOTOPbIMH 0COGEHHOCTAMH BOKAJIH3MA (Hamp., COXpaHeHHe 3BYKOB 4, ¢ H JH(TOHIOB am, an, em, en JIATEPAaTYPHOPO S13bIKa: grd'Stas cBepJio, t@'sa TAHET, sdmtis yepnak, kdnda KycaeTcsl, s@mt uepnaTb, pefikos NATb) H KOHCOHAHTH3MA (Hanp., OTCYTCTBHE OCHOBHBIX 3JIEMEHTOB A3YKCKOTO JHaJieKTa: marti CHOXa (HeBecTa), di'na JeHb, dvi Be, m&dfas JepeBo, svdėčas TOCTb). 3eTeJbCKHil ropop npubaHKaeTcsd K JAHaJeKTy Ioro-sanajHelXx aykmraiitoB. 3eTeNbCKHH POBOp MPHMBIKAET K A3YKCKHM C COCEJHHM C HHMH BOCTOYHOAYKIUTAHTCKHM TOBOpaM, Kak Hanpumep: Jlasyuckmii, Boponosckuii, Papyubcknit u ap. Cpeanm Takux ocobeHHOCTeHl OTMETHM cJejyioumee: AHGTOHTH ie, up 9acTo CyKuBaiorcsl B i“ (y), u* (0) (vi'nas OfAuH, ni'kas HAKTO, HHY- "To, jū'das yepHsiii, $U° néc, pénu's Yy rocrnoj), a MOHO(DTOHTH o, ė AH(PTOHTHIHPY10TCA B uo, ie (nuori xoueT, Fuddis CNOBO, broolikas Gpareu, adbiegdu npuGe212 Kan, daržiniė TyMHO), 3ByKocoOueTaHHSA /j, dj COXPaHAIOTCA B OKOHUAHHAX HeKOTODbIX CJIOB (pėmeteu moTepAN, dudeu TKana, bifu nučJi, gaido neryxa, daiito 3y6a) corJniacHnbie I, r, s, š, ž Hu adpukKaTbi ¢, dž nepejį MrNiaCHbIMH e, €, i npoH3HOCHTCA TBepjjo (Rddle cBHHba, lanta jocka, inleiiido BJIe3, reké Kpbiuali, gražūsnis KpacnBee, šašbi mecTb, medžas JepeBo, trūčas Tperul) u Ap. Berpe4aloTCA HEKOTOopble (DoHeTHUecKHe OCOČeHHOCTH, PeAKO IMpOS5IBJISIIOLIHeCA B APYTHX JHMaJeKTax, Kak HalpHMep, ou Ha MeCTe JIHTepaTypHOro 3. o (touli JaNeKo, soudi't caxaTh) ie Ha MecTe ei (swine) 3110poBbiil, wiekdū cKopo) = Ha MecTe £ (za'sis Tycb, zvai¥dé 3Be3ja, zvēris 3Bepb, bazni'ča Koctén) OTCYyCTBHE COIVIACHBIX A, g. Tepej 3ByKOCOUeTaHHSAMH §, £-4-t, d, ¢ (Sdustas nioxKa, parnišča(s) MPOULIOTOAHKI, Žvirždos mecok) H Ip. Moptdojiorusi: roBopa TaKxe COAEPKHT psl cB0e06pa3Hbix uepr. Hampumep, ynorpebasiorcss HMeHa C cy(dukcamu: - I'm sorry. (avbika oBua, OBeuKa, kaulor cBuHKA, ka karvorka KOpoBKa) -utas (Bomyhook pulled, RiSkutas 3aiiuOHOK, Okowko pulled) -everythingB COGCTBeHHBIX HMeHax — (Valérikas Banepuk, Kostikas Kocrux, Yuzikas KO3uk) - You cried, B you cried umeHax NNpHJIaraTeJIbHbIX — (mdcitkas, -a Malblii, MAJIEHbKHĖ, macifitulitkas, -a MAJIIOCEHbKHĖ, KpomeukHbiė, s@nitkas, -a crapenbkuii). Takxke npejcTaBisier HHTepec 00pa3oBaHHe H H3MEHeHHe Hapeunii (maZai(k) majo, magast menblie, ndi, mažėst Oh, my God, my God. JaBHO, H COOTBETCTBEHHO CPABHHTEJIbHAS H NPEBOCXOIHAN CTeIIeHH: seemed, ndi, sowed. Ynotpe6/sioTcst YeThipe MeCTHbIX Tabulated: HHeCCHB (dnas jdii kelé yxe jopore), oH HANATHB B (bottom of access on road noexaJi B JIOpOTY), ageccHB (mu'sinmi (p) asmoku' is not available y Make Pneum Het), aJIISTHB (I am aimū namdp si WAY AOMOIi). BuumaHue NpHBJEKAIOT HMEHAa XKeHCKOMo son, KOTOpbie HMeIOT OKOHuYaHHe -ai B TBODHTEJIbHOM Najįexke eIHHCTBEHHOIO UKCJIa: sa vi'ndi savdi pačdi bū'sta CO OJiHOL CBOedi xKeHoOi XHBeT; sa jdi downstream c The noexan. Ilpeanonaraercs, YTO OKOHUYaHHE -ai SIBJASIETCS OCTaTKOM MEeCTOHMEHHbIX IpHJaraTe/bHbIX, cOXpaHeHHIO KoTOporo H paclpoCTPaHEHHIO B JPyrHe YacTH peuH CrnocoGCcTBOBajla aHAaJIOTHA B pyCCKOM H 6esIopyCCKOM S13bIKAX (Cp. MOAYEPKHYTbie OKOHyaHusl -od, -ed). B roBope uacTO ynoTpeG/filOTCA NPHTAXKATEJbHbIE MECTOHMEH: madnas, mana MOii, MOS, tdvas, TBO, TBOS, sdvas, CBOH, CBOf, -a HeKOTODpbIe aTeMaTHUYeCKHe TIJiaroJibi: -a mi‘ki(y) cnuT, air(i) H XONHT, clear(1) Gonur, jėst(i) True, hand(s) KnanėT, diost(i) naet. CsoeobGpa3na (opma npomejuuero BpemMeHH (3 She.) OT 16 bits ObiTh: kdroés mūsu" bit dvi y Hac GhiJIO Be COpOBI; biri didas sa, „bdbai Guim nel ¢ 6aGoii. CocnaratesbHOe HaKJOHEeHHe Take COXpaHsleT apxaHUuHbiė xapakTep: lu. no. 4. sakepaper CHEK Obl, sukéapiés KpyTHJICA Obl, 271. sadėktai cropen Obl, atvasu'tumei npuexan Obl, 31. birtwp Guide Gb, North Obi, 14. MHOXK. 4. duotum panu Obl, pitktumém Kynuiau Obl, open 201. the file Opi. Crepyer ynoMAHYyTb H TMpeJJIOr (a B MecTe C TeM H NPHCTaBKY) sa C (są. with your children CO CBOHMH AeTbMH; crops have been planted; satiko BCTPETHJ) H at MPH, Paint, Y, K, OKOJIO (we're going to get better) Mbl OCTAaHOBHJIHCb BO3JIe HEE; dni's prijunke’pié sūvo OHH NpuBbIKINH K CBoemy) H Jp. Bcė npuBejjeHHoe Bbllle MOKas3biBAET HACKOJIbKO TIOJIe3HbIM YOJI HCTOPHH JHTOBCKOTO Si3kiKa MOXKeT SHOkiTb H3yueHHe 3eTe/IbCKOro roBopa, HeCKOJIbKO TEKCTOB KOTOporo 3jech nyOJiuKYyeTCS,