Miežiškių tarmės vokalizmo bruožai

LIA T U VTU K AL BrO T:Y ROS IKLALS I MALIN LSS ET UV OS TSR MOK SLU AKAD EMIEJA MIEZISKIU TARMES VOKALIZMO BRUOZAI J. SUKYS Transcription The article uses the transcription of,,Lietuviy kalbos atlaso medžiagos rinkimo programos“. The deviations are as follows: 1. The length of a sound is indicated by a point in the upper right corner of the letter (a dash above the letter indicates only the historical length of the sound). In the group of consonants, only the softness of the consonant that stands immediately before the vowel of the back row at the end of the word is marked, 3. Aspiration of the adiposes is insignificant, 4. The additional letter v denotes a posterior vowel, slightly wider than lk. u. ar The Miežiškiai dialect is part of the eastern Altai pointinians dialect, which did not fit neither the rotinians, nor the dadinians, nor the zalinians, nor the zadinians- !. It is located southeast of Panevėžys and includes the towns Miesky and Raguve with neighbouring villages. The neighbors of Miežiškiai from the west are the Pontians, and the neighbors of Raguvė are the Pontians. The peripheral villages of the Pontians, located near the Pontians, are the following: Pakriaušiniai, Tautkūnai, Pajūodžiai, Preidžiai, Kabéliai, Klepšiai, Velykiai, and the villages of Pūčekai, Bajėriškiai, Trakininkai, Būkaltiškiai already belong to the Pontians. This line should be emphasized because it has not been drawn exactly in our linguistic geography. For example, on the map of A. Sali? The town of Miežiškiai (Mieškų) is assigned to the pontinis. Some inaccuracies (assignation of the villages of Pučekai, Bajoriskiy and Kūlbagalis to the Pontians) are in P, Būtėnas’ article „Augštaičių dialekto okuojančiosios pašnektės sienos“3. There are several conditions on which the pronunciation of a vowel or diphthong of one or another descriptive dialect depends, § 1. The place of the vowel in the word, Lk. The vowel or diphthong at the end of a word usually corresponds to dialect sounds other than Ik. The root vowel of the word or! For the vocalism of the northern part of this dialect, see I. Jašinskaitė, Kirtis, priegaidė ir jų poveikis vokalizmui Biržų tarmė. —Lithuanian Linguistics Issues, 1. Vilnius, 1957. 2 Zr. Archivum Philologicum, 4, Kaunas, Lithuania 1933, 8 Zr, Archivum Philologicum, 3, 185, Kaunas, 1932, 151 double voice. This is because, in addition to the general law of abbreviation of unpronounced syllables, the end of the word is subject to a specific law of abbreviation of the o endings, and the — root of the word is subject to a specific law of abbreviation of short pronounced syllables. As a result, dialect vowels that have newly appeared at the end of a word usually correspond to different 1k. vowels, e.g. piévo.~pievoje, mdta~mito. In the end of the word, it is also important to know to which category the word belongs, e.g.: noun roots--branches, pronouns katrė:s--katrės. $ 2. Attack and Defence. The outer walls of the enclosure, which are covered with a brick wall, have five columns. The firm-end (") prefix can be used for diphthongs ai, aw, ei, ui and mixed diphthongs, e.g. ld'ibus~ldibas, ld"ruža--laužo, séilas~séilés, smiitke~smuiké, šalto -ošalta, lempu~I1émpa, tri.ni~trinti, kd.rmi.8~kurmis. The prefix can be used for diphthongs ai, au, ef, ui and mixed diphthongs, e.g. fai‘bus~zaibas, Idi kos~Ilalikas, $vei'si~3veisti, mui*lus~muilas, kal-tus~kaltas, ken So~kemsa, pii'kius~peiiktas, bvi-bv~buiba. In addition, every long root containing the above diphthongs has a strong-pronounced prefix, even those of strong-pronounced nature, when a consonant is drawn from the short end, e.g.: lai*bu~laiba, šdiūūkr-ošauki, spel’ kus~sveikus, poi’ kus~puikis, kal'm~kalne, vefki~verki. Trumping (*) has a prefix: short vowels at the end of a word, e.g.: sukimo suki, Sakb~3aka, karrds-—katras, karé~katé€; short vowels of some monosyllabic words, e.g. aš-—vūš, kdr-—kad, béi~bet, nėgimonėgi, tik~tik, dūmo dū; flashes and momentum verbs denoting a sudden, but weak action, e.g.: baksi~bakst, bdksteisi-—to blink, Fipi~zibt, šiprelsi-to flash; present tense III blade onomatopoeic verbs, whose communicative has the suffix -ėti, e.g.: faksi~Zaksia, trépsi~trépsia, future tense III person, e.g.: ne$~ne§, bLs~bus, matls~matys; abbreviated form of the III person of the pronoun, e.g.: rast „found“, nest „pregnant“, bbz „to be“. The middle (*) prefix is used in the elongated curly stem of the word Ik. i, w, e.g.: ki.tus~Kitas, nit.neSe~nunesé, bernū.kus = berniukas. The long vowels and diphthongs ze, uo, both those pronounced from the old and those with a given accent after being withdrawn from the short end to the long root, e.g.: rd-e.~ritai, šė'memožėmė, kėlamokčšlė, pi ‘ksto~piksta, #6-d#i8~zodzius, kri'me.~krlimai, pienvs~ pienas, juodv~ijuoda. The long vowels and diphthongs ie, uo strongpradé and strongtagalé are not heard. The middle vowel (*) prefix is used for long vowels that are accented at the end of the word. are pronounced strongly, e.g.: žins'-0žinai, aki’ ~aky, matd~mataii, miski ~misk{. Crossed prepositions differ from middle prepositions only in the stronger accentuation of the accentuating syllable. It must be said that the preposition of the shortiné accentuated limb also has a shade of abbreviation. ; * The dialect also has the full forms of the III person pronoun, where the old terminal pronunciation has been preserved, e.g.: rast4'=vrastū, nest’ moneštū, buta'eubūtų, 152 The duration of the descriptive dialect's double-syllabic sands depends mainly on the preposition. Don't hurt me. vowels or diphthongs usually correspond to different dialect sounds than accents. § 3. The action of pre-fats. After the j and palataliniy consonants, which have been followed by 7, the Miežiškiai dialect, like other dialects and Ik., the back-order vowels are consonantized, and the consonantized back-order vowel # is even pronounced as the front-order vowel 1. In the descriptive dialect, some vowels are broadened when standing before hard consonants. 4, w this expansion is very slight, and Ik. the vowel e before the hard consonant is pronounced as an intermediate sound between e¢ ir a. II, Dialect Vocalist System A, Word stem vocalism 1. Vowels § 4. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z. a, e, are long and short. Both the long and short e before the hard consonant are strongly expanded and pronounced as an intermediate sound between € and a, e.g. ge'rus->gėras, medos-vmedūs, negš-monėš. Before a soft consonant, e is pronounced like Ik., but being long, it is somewhat tighter and narrower than Ik., e.g. : Akė'li.8 „kėlias“, mé du. me tar. Dialects long and short a in their quality from Ik. long and short a are not different, e.g.: bd dvs~bidas, Fade i~zadéti. ~~ § 5. The short a, e are usually only non-consonant, e.g.: vakaréli.i~vakar€lis, nebegeers’ ~nebegerai. They are pronounced in the following cases: in some monosyllabic words, e.g.: dšmvaš, kdr——kūad, béi~beét, négi~négi; in verbs in the present tense of the 3rd person, which have a communicative suffix -ėti, e.g. šdksr-—žūksia, trėpsi-——trėpsia; in verbs in the present tense of the 3rd person, which have a communicative suffix -ėti, e.g. rds~ras, nėš-onėš; in verbs in the present tense of the 3rd person, which have a communicative suffix -ėti, e.g. bdksi~bakst, bakstelst~baksteléti, trėkši=—trėkšt, rrėkštelzi~- treksteléti; in verbs in the present tense of the 3rd person, which have a communicative suffix -ėti, e.g. šdksr-—žūksia, trėpsi-——trėpsia; in verbs in the future tense of the 3rd person, e.g. rds~ras, nėš-onėš; the abbreviated form of the third person of the implied noun, e.g. rdst „rūstų“, nest „,nėštų“. § 6. Pronounced a, «e, like Ik., are long, e.g. md'žus=vmūžas, své&.$ ~ „svščias“". However, in some cases, the dialect has long a, e and where Ik. has the short accents a, e, namely: in the prepositions of verbs and verbs (dulyviy and participle of the active kind), e.g.: d'rkasermvūtkasė, nsbė'kepo ~ nãokepa, pd'likrus m paliktas, né pirkivs ~ nėpirktas, pralakini ~prilekiant, bė'šnekunt=- --biėšnekant; in the present tense of the primary verbs and its derivatives, e.g.: rd-si~risti, nėši =onėšti, ld-gdava~Ilakdavo, ka'bdava~képdavo, pld gdamvs~ plikdamas, ve'#damvs~- vezdamas. In addition, the long a' instead of Ik. The short accented a dialect still has in its characteristic jv.rdZs mdna~maino, td'va~1tivo sd'va~sidvo, and the long e' instead of Ik. short accented e in adjectives of the higher degree, e.g.: didésnid~did- €snis, graé sne~grazésné. 153 § 7, Long a, e, corresponding to I'm going. ą, ę, The man has no arms. These dialects, like all the pointillists, ir the old an, en, which appeared iš I, uh... ą, ę, pavirto į un, in. The consonant n fell out, prolonging the preceding vowel wu, e.g.: grass-wallow, i, i gn | -šimogrėžti, In unaccented syllables these u, ¢ are abbreviated, e.g. kusnéli.~kasnélis, grid ud~grezidtis. Recently į dialect in new words I'm going. 4, ¢ untranslatable, e.g.: sd'jongu-osąjunga, sprési~ sprésti, brastu~brésta. § 8. The long short apraSomoji ar dialect e usually translates į a. Before hard consonants the beginning e of the word becomes į a regular, e.g. asū'mvesį, d'gla~&glé. Before soft consonants sometimes e translated į a, o sometimes not ir translated, e.g.: aketėrmvaketė, Ali.ne~Eliung, fest ežės, ( (j)érzit~érzyti, ‘~~ (j)ézas~&EZios. Dialects e are still turning į a in the compound Je, under the influence of hardened /, e.g.: la*ki~18kia, ladafi'~ledail, § 9, "O" and "U" are the equivalents. é, 0, its quality slightly different from the I'm going. ė, o. The ¢' vowel is slightly less tense than I, uh... ė, o vowel less 0" labialized than I'm going. o. Dialectal word root é, o are only pronounced, so, of course, they can only be long, e.g.: dė'derv dėdė, našliaite'li8~nadlaitdlis, std'vr-estdvia, 20°gus~zidgas. Unpronounced é-, according to the general abbreviation of unpronounced syllables, désnj must be shortened to short syllables. o' The long unpronounced ė', 0o* changed their quality by shortening. In the descriptive dialect, like in ir its neighbours the Pontic dialects, this process took place through the narrowing of vowels. Through the narrowed was ¢, 0 passed i :, v, which seem to be more distracted ir broader than I'm going. A, 4, e.g.: vViži'š-ovėžys, murkild~ mirkėlė ‘crust dipped in į borscht’, koji 'te~kojyté, šmugd's--man. It must be said that in the descriptive dialect part (approx. Ragu) unsalted I'm going. word stem ė correspe, onds but this e, must be, not originated iš ė, o iš the old long verb when it is ė, shortened, e.g.: sedė'imusėdėti, mesti te~mésyté. Kad 1, v have arisen from the ne iš ancient sutrumpéjusiy &, 4, o iš é, o, proves that the old &, 4 of dialects do not change their quality when they are shortened, e.g.: md'ta< *matG~mato, md'te<<*maté~maté. From this it can be concluded that the shortening of the long vowels of the unpronounced syllables of the Miežiškiai dialect word stem began later, already in the po ė, d 100 mg/ day į ė, o § 10. The hardening of the /ē/ is also a matter of vocalism, since the hardened vowel has displaced the middle vowel of the anterior row, giving a / new sound ė to the iš middle vowel e', which is į not present ir in literary language, e.g. — le'k~I1&k, tle-i~tyléti. Unscrambled £* is reduced: due to quantitative reduction it shortens to short, due to qualitative reduction it changes its quality. In the unpronounced position after the o velarised imperfect /, some vague short vowel is heard, intermediate between v and &, e.g.: pluke ~plékai, loki. We're going to get there. Moment verb actionWordIn these unpronounced = sounds strongly narrowed, e.g.: kd'ukitelei~kauksteléti, triktelei~trukteléti, 154 § 11, Dialectal shorts:;, u are similar to Ik. 7, u, only dialect 7 is slightly less tense, and u is almost unlabialized. Before the hard consonant i, u is slightly expanded*. § 12, Short 7, « are usually only unspelled and correspond to Ik. i, u, e.g.: visi~visl, Find ~Zinali, suki~suki, Fuvdui~zZuvéuti. As the long vowels of the dialect are shortened, the dialect 7, » corresponds to lk. unpronounced in, y, 4, il, e.g. gri¥d ~grizaii, lindji~lynéja, skustfi'~skustil, grude'~ grains. As can be seen from § 7, dialect 7, w can still correspond to 1k. non-infested q, €> pVz. : grizdud~greZidtis, kusné'li.$~- kasnélis. Furthermore, the dialects:, v may have come from the abbreviated ė, o (see § 9). § 13. After the j and palataliniy consonants, after which there has been a j, the Miežiškiai dialect w (this also applies to the vw, corresponding to the Ik. unpronunciated long y, 4, ū, 0) is very strongly consonantized, e.g.: ušklvod:-mvužkliuvaū, Žurė'k--žiūrėk, Bbluovi.mus~bliovimas, and at present most often completely transitioned to the frontal vowel:, e.g.: uškhod: ~ zakliuvaii, swrek ~ Žiūrėk, blivi.mos ~ bliovimas. The reason for this interesting process in our days may be that the almost unlabialized dialect unpronounced x resembles the unstressed dialect 7 in its articulation. § 14. I'm going. 7, «in dialect lengthens. The ears of elongated 7, u do not differ from 7, u long. For example, it is not possible to determine from hearing whether a dialect sudz.va corresponds to Ik. dried or Ik. dried up, because between oi.sus~visas and oi rus~vyras, gd. There seems to be no difference between fa~isduZo and iFdirme~isdiimé. Until the length of these vowels has been measured, they are called pailgéje¢ crossed 7, « according to tradition They are marked as semi-long, e.g.: di.ri. S~durys, kli.va~Kklitvo. § 15. 7, # is not used in the following cases: in some single-syllable words, e.g.: tk~tik, di~du; in adjectives and verbs of the moment, denoting a sudden but weak action, e.g.: #pi~Zibt, —žiprelsi-ožibtelėti, iroki~trukt, triktelei~- trukteléti; in present tense onomatopoeic verbs, whose communicative has the suffix -ėti, e.g.: grikfi~ grikšia, ruksi~tuksia; future tense in the third person, e.g.: lis~lis, matis~matys, bus~bus, $Us~sills; the abbreviated form of the III person of the pronoun, e.g.: dript „driptų“, pikt „piktų“, sukt „sūktų“, bbz „būtų“. § 16, The long i* in dialects »* is only pronounced ir corresponds 1k. accented į, & Ys 4 Q Ū pVz. : Iisi~list, gri'šimogrėžt, ri tus~rytas, shit'si~skist, kt'si~ kist, di'me.~dlimai, Dialect long +, uw, like all dialect long vowels, seem to be slightly shorter than I'm going. y, fl. $ 17. If we look at all the vowels of the root of the word, we see that the general law of the number of vowels of the root of the word in the descriptive dialect is as follows: unaccented vowels are always short, accented vowels are always long, with a few exceptions. o be — Į the question, why the accentuated short vowels in the dialect were o lengthened, the unaccentuated long ones shortened, it is difficult L. to answer, Shcherba, explaining the similar law of Russian vowels, writes, that at the same time due to unknown 5 This extension is not graphically represented, Zr. 6 JI. B. Illep Ga, Pycckie riachblė Bb KaueCTBEHHOMB H COJHYECTBEHMOMD OTHOIIIE= ain, 151, C. INerepGyprs, 1912, 155 For reasons in Russian language the greatest voice power was given to the vowel of the accentuated syllable, which began to become longer, the vowels of the o unaccentuated syllables, on the contrary, began to reduce quantitativeir ly even qualitatively. In fact, the reduction of unpronounced vowels also changed the quality of some of the Miežiškiai dialect vowels. E.g., unscrambled long ė, o shortened into other vowels. The quality of the root vowels of a descriptive dialect word also depends on the surrounding consonants. The pronunciation of the vowels of the back row depends on which consonant they follow. After a j or a palatal consonant followed by a j, the vowels of the back row are consonant. The prefixing of the unaccented w vowel gave a whole new quality of voice z. The pronunciation of some vowels also depends on which consonant they stand before. Before the hard consonant, the 7, w short ones broaden o slightly, e the vowel widening is so marked that it is pronounced as an intermediate sound between e and a. 2. Diphthongs Diphthongs, When talking about diphthongs, one must abstract from the coincident diphthongs ze, uo, which differ from the rest of the diphthongs both in their articulation and in their correspondence. | § 18. The number of diphthongs ai, au, ei, ui and sandy is determined by the preposition. The vocal pressure of the firm-pronounced preposition is concentrated on the first syllable, so the first syllable is long, e.g. kd'ili.§~Ldilis, sa'rula-osaulė, kė:iktiš-—kčiktis, smuitke’~smuiké. In contrast, the vowel pressure of a strong-end preposition is concentrated on the second syllable, so there is a long second syllable, e.g.: krai‘tid~ kraitis, ldil'kus~lailikas, rei ki~reikia, mvilus~muilas. The two syllables of unpronounced diphthongs are short, e.g. daikrtėli.$-odaiktėlis, Sdukd ~saukiali, meiliū.mus=o meilūmas, puiki-be~puikybé. § 19. The diphthongs ai, au, ei, wi, pronounced strongly, are also qualitatively slightly different from literary language. As the voice pressure is concentrated on the second chant, the first chant is reduced and somewhat resembles the second. In the diphthong ai, the broad a before the narrow u narrows and acquires an o-shade, e.g. pdit'kšti. S-foot, ddū'k-foot. The diphthong ei e before the narrow i is also slightly narrower, e.g. peiki~peikti, mėi'"ši=-meišia "mix". The broad a of the diphthong ai against the narrow one: is a laryngeal—fluid vowel, e.g. bal'sus~baisls, vai'kus--vaikas. The narrow « of the diphthong ui is somewhat broadened, e.g. kui'nus--kuinas, pui' kus~puikus. Such assimilation of the first sando is also felt in unpronounced syllables, e.g.: maiši' žmumaišyti, Iduks: laukai, "reikė“ smreil Ės, puikumeéliS~- puikun lis, pd-baige ~ pabaigė, ard'smdukervatūsmauké, pri.reike~prireikeé. : § 20. Bivowel ei iSwitches to ai at the beginning of a word, e.g. ai'nv~aina, al'k~ eik, ailhi~eilia, and after a hardened I, e.g. ldisk~I1éisk, pld‘iskanas~ pléiskanos. 7 The diphthong wi, particularly strong, is not typical of the descriptive dialect, 156 § 21. The diphthongs ie, uo are closely related to the vowels in their articulation and equivalents. These vowel combinations are pronounced as an imperceptibly transitioning sequence of vowels from narrow to medium to broad: ie is pronounced as a trivowel iée before a soft consonant, like the trivowel iée before a hard one, uo is pronounced as a trivowel uoas For this reason, the diphthongs fe, wo strong-pronounced or strong-pronounced prefix is not heard — it is middle as in consonants. § 22. Diphthongs ie, uo are only pronounced, e.g. pjenvs~pienas, dienv~dienna, duoduv~diioda, juokvs~judkas. Unpronounced vowels are abbreviated according to the law of abbreviation of unpronounced syllables, i.e. they become consonant and change their quality: the consonant ie becomes a short e (before the hard consonant —ce), e.g.: pené-li.8~pienélis, ket. mus~kietimas, consonant uo after a hard consonant becomes a short posterior vowel v, e.g.: pudė'li.$m——-puodėčlis, dubétus~dubétas, Oo after a soft consonant—a short anterior vowel 7, e.g.: pajidd'vi. S-—pajuodavęs, apsi.libo.-vapsiliuobiau. It's a non-pronoun Ik. uo correspondences are the same as unpronounced Ik. Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh. ie equivalents are different® from the unpronounced Ik. equivalents (see $9). § 23. Mixed voices. The number of mixed diphthongs, as well as the number of diphthongs ai, au, ei, ui, depends on the preposition. In the first case, the vocal pressure is concentrated on the first syllable, so the first syllable is long, e.g. : Rkd'lnvs~mountain, supi.ntvs~spun, kė.li=to raise, du.ri~to pierce. Tvirtagalés pre-vowel pressure, on the contrary, is on the second sando, so the sonorous consonants of the second sando /, m, m, r are tense and long, and r is multivowel, e.g.: kai tus~Kkartus, prū'ktus-—pefiktas, rumi'tam—ramto, kui &.5~ kužčias. The two syllables of mixed diphthongs are short, e.g. kalmūotus~kalntotas, delné li.8~delnélis, $1lid-mus~3§iltumas, pulkioi~ pulkioti. § 24. In strong mixed diphthongs, the voice pressure is concentrated on the second syllable, so the first syllable is reduced and somewhat resembles the second. If the first sand consists of 1, w, they, especially before the hard consonant, widen, e.g.: vil kvs~vilkas, pul-kus~pulkas, krū'či-okefičia, dvl-ki~dulkia, and e, being before the soft consonant, tends to narrow, e.g.: ver ki~veikia, keiti~kertl. If a mixed diphthong stands in front of a hard consonant, the e remains expanded as in non-mixed diphthongs, e.g. teiku~tefika, vel'ku—velka. The vowel a of the first sando is slightly laryngeal, e.g. maf tt-omarti, kal rvs~Kkaltas. § 25. The descriptive dialects, like those of other pointillists, am, an, em, en became um, un, im, in, e.g. su.mti. S~sdmtis, rum'sti. Smoramstis, Rumpėli.šmo corner; spri.ndvus~sprandas, rufikomeranka, lonki:P-elkiti; vi.mi~vémti, tim'pi ~tempti, kimpi.ne~kempiné; givi.nirogyvėnti, švin'temošvenitė, kintėjojo. ~ suffered. Remove the arrow § 26. However, there are cases where am, an, em, en are not translatable, namely: 8 Aphraphomic dialect neighbors —pontininky outskirts (Piniava, PaZagieniai) and unkirliuoto Ik. ie equivalents are the same as those of the non-interlaced Ik, é, e.g.: pine’lis~pienélis, as nvehs~tévélis, a) in words that came into dialect after the period of am, 157 an, em, en transformation into um, un, im, in, e.g.: le'mpu~I1émpa, li'nkvs~I1énkas, Fi nrus~zéntas; in forms where am, an, em, are of secondary origin, b) en t. y. appeared recently, when the final vowel fell: in the noun singular noun ending, e.g. gerd'm<geramui, vnird'm<antramui, td'm<tamui; at the ending of the plural noun of root nouns, derived from the old plural noun form, e.g.: namd'm<*namamu, ovi ram <*viramu; in the final part of the named singular present tense, e.g.: senaii<senamé, pirmam <pirmamé, katram' katramé; of the current domestic resident galinéje®, e.g. miškzū* < <miskand, miestan<miéstana; stem verbs in the a ir ia present tense plural person ending, e.g. di.rbam< we work, sėdžam< we sit; in present tense I verbs whose basic forms have a root c) im || em, in||en change, e.g.: kemSu~kemsa, lei dv~leiida, refi-ku~refika; in present tense interjections, e.g. rai'dv~raiida, kaii-ku~pakaiika, d) geii'du~geiida, tefi-kv~tefika. Sometimes it is said and paršlom'po,,périlampa‘, pakvi'kuv~pakaiika, but rarely. § 27. Interesting fact that lk. en after the hardened /repeated dialect un’, e.g.: lirtu~lentd, lumtela~lentdlé, Ilvigous~Ilefigvas lungodii ~Ilengviail Apparently, en after I turned into an, Oo an lawfully turned into un, thus, lvfi'govs<llaiigvas< lefigvas. From this it can be concluded that the mixed diphthongs am, an, em, en of the descriptive dialect turned into um, un, im, in later than the compounds le, lé,: § 28. After reviewing the vocals and the dead!? diphthongs, the following conclusions can be drawn: The quantity and quality of diphthongs (except for the coincident ie, wo) and mixed diphthongs are determined by the prefix: strong-pronounced prefix diphthongs have an elongated first sand, and strong-pronounced ones have an elongated second sand. The second and third segments of the spine are prolonged, and the first segments are shorter. 2. The descriptive dialect is characterized by punctuation. After the historical insertion of the diphthongs am, an, em, en into wm, un, im, in in dialect words and in newly formed forms with these diphthongs, am, an, em, en remained mostly unchanged, 3. The diphthongs ie, uo in their articulation, consonants and equivalents are closely related to the vowels. B, Vocalism at the end of a word 1, Vowels § 29, End-of-word vowels ė', o', responding to Ik. é, o, Miežiškiai dialect usually does not have. Both pronounced and unpronounced Ik. ė, and the short dialects are repeated, e.g.: vvverėmvvoverė, bd're~biré, lunkds~lankds, bldii'zdas~ 9 Raguvas is pronounced already miskvi'~ miškai, miestun~~miéstan, 10 The word hf*ki~vlefikti is an exception, 11 Newly formed e, a, dialect diphthongs and triphthongs are not discussed in this article, because they are characteristic of many dialects and do not provide any new more interesting material, the root of the dialect word has become 158 thighs. Probably, at the time when the old ė, 4 i é, 0, end of dialect word & 4 were abbreviated abbreviated, so ar they could no longer turn into ė, 0, e.g.: déde <*déde, bré-la<*bralia. This statement is supported by the fact that lk. The / at the end of a word does not correspond to the dialect Ze (see § 10), but to the dialect /a, which can only come from Ze (see § 8), e.g.: sd‘ula~sauié, varla~varle. § 30, Newly-appeared ė, 0 at the end of a word retains its quality: pronounced as long as, e.g.: pakapé-~pakapéje, lumkd~lankoje, tŠ'-vtėjas not pronounced as long as, e.g.: pakapé-~pakapéje, lumkd~lankoje, tŠ'-vtėjas : na I'm in the meadow, I'm in the meadow, I'm in the meadow. Balsius ė, 0 At the end of the verb there is also the derivative form of the verb communicative, ir iš e.g.: birė'žmubyrėti, birėsrobyrės, Birėkrobyrėk, Zindi~%inéti, žind's=vžinos, žind. k~zinok. § 31. The a, e at the end of the dialect word have usually been abbreviated from se~ to 4, č (see $ 29). LK. a, e usually correspond to the dialect v,:, which is more distant and broader than Ik. w, 7, in addition, especially not accentuated, reduced. In some cases, this correspondance can be explained historically (by the law of punctuation), namely: o-kamieniy feminine nouns in the genitive singular ending, e.g. : Saky<<*iakun<*Sakdn~ Saka, li-po<*lipun<*lipdn~ lūpa, karž<*katin<*katėnrokatė, kd'ror<*karvin<*karvėn--kove; plural of feminine o-kamieniy nouns at the ending, e.g. šakos < *šakuns < *šakdns ~ šakūs, Itū'pus < *lūpuns < *lipdns~ lūpas; singular and plural in the ending of the pronoun, e.g. miski<*miskin <*miskén~miske, aruodi <*aruodin <*aruodén~ariode, pičvosi <*pievosin<*pievosėn-—mevose. $ 32. Historically, it is not possible to explain the v that appeared in the vowel ending of the singular noun of the masculine (a stem) and feminine (o stem) dialects instead of Ik. a, e.g. dd'rbus-edarbas, md Fvs~mazas, Sakv~3aka, bébu~bbba. Perhaps, especially in the feminine gender, the noun ending v instead of a could have appeared due to analogy with the singular noun "and the plural: final vowels, but, most likely, the final a, especially unpronounced, due to reduction began to be pronounced barely audible, unclear, and therefore resembled the reduced v. Exceptions are only masculine pronouns that retain the accented word end, e.g.: kas~Kkas, tdsmotės, ands~anas, katrds~Kkatras, visakds~visas. tį a § 33. The long a, e at the end of the word are not present. The exception is the preserved longs. pronounced old pronoun endings, e.g.: katrd'=0katrė, ana ~ano, tokas tokid. LK. 4, ¢ according to the law of punctuation relies on ų, į; accented long w, from» e.g.: and'evanš, mani'~mang; uninterlaced— semi-longitudinal w., i., pvZ. : city.~ miestas, Ad'ti,=kūtę, bi.vi.S~biuves. § 34. This is the case when the phrase e is in the le form of a combinativ. on of the verbs to be and to be. Hardened at the end of the word /after itself. The standing diphthong *én became an, an became un, and from un, when n fell, there remained v, e.g.: *pelėn > *pelan > *pelun > peld ~ mulė, *galén > *galan > *galun > gal ~ galė, *šilėn > *šilan > *šilun > šily ~ šilė, This confirms once again that the Miežiškiai dialects /hardened before an>un (see § 27). 159