Šakynos tarmės kirtis ir priegaidė

LahsE TV LU -K OR TYROS KL. AUS -I M. A.1I, II LelEE-TU VEO: S$: TS ER5= MO KS: L UL. AK AD EM 1.3: A phrase dialect origin and adverb! A. JONAITYTE Consonant Consonant of the word § 1. The accent of the word in the Šakyna dialect is much more stable than in the lk., because due to the general law of accent digression, it can only be either at the beginning of the word or in the middle, in the end there is an accent only when the accented final syllable has a pushed (fixed-start) prefix, e.g.: vn. caud. dtu tdrm~driatém, kietd'me kietdm, dg. caud. daigd'm~daigim, galvd'm~galvém... § 2. In certain cases, there is not one interjection in Zody. Then one accent —the first one from the beginning of the word —is stronger than the others, i.e., the main accent, and the others are secondary accents, e.g.: ri kSté lė morūgštė IE, šūrbėlė ~ siurbėlė, uSpak a lis~uzpakalis... In the dialect of Šakyna the same types of main and secondary accents are found as described in V. Grinaveckio dissertation”, so in this date the terms are used the same as in the mentioned dissertation, the types of main accent are no different from those described by Grinaveckio; are somewhat different cases of various side cuts, so they need to be considered more broadly. § 3. The following are some of the most commonly used types: 1. When the conjugation is broken from the long ending to the root (long or short), e.g. drėbulė'-vdrebulč, kd-suli's~kosuljs, Rkratini:s=-- kratinšis, dg. ward. la§di~ drops, vdik di~children; 2. Most often in bi-syllabic words, when the consonant is withdrawn from the short ending to the short root, e.g.: laka~laka (a table for bees to land on before the land, i.e. before the opening through which the bees enter the hive; the opening itself is the land), nagimanonaga (animal's paw), rdsa~rasa, etc. gal. Zalés~zalids; 3, When abbreviating the endings of the singular vowel of minor and gracious nouns and adjectives, the consonant is deducted from the secondary ending 1 „Šakynos dialekto kirtis ir priegaidė““ is part of a larger work on the Šakynos dialect,; ? Vladas Grinaveckis, Phonetic characteristics and development of the north-western mud dialects, manuscr109 į ipt, Vilnius, o 1956, p. 113. —karvaite, margué &l~merguzle, $imél~sunéli, tori t~tetite "Daddy", wvdikik~baikiuk, seniai~seniute. However, it must be said that the old lateral final consonant of the dialect is not as strong as in the ir north-western Highland į Šiauliai dialect or in the adjacent Žemaičių dialects. In the Šakyna dialect, except for the aforementioned shortened vowels, it is rather weakly optional. ir In a coherent language, even when the same person is speaking, one time it is, another o time it is not in the same case. — It is more common in the long limb, less frequent in the short. Be in the old language it is more frequently iš found, although also only optionally. § 4. Multi-stemmed In the second case, the first syllable su of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable of the second syllable. It occurs in the following cases of dialectal II polysyllabic words: ' 1. In three-syllable words, if the last syllable is short, the second from the end is long, e.g.: o dg. — gal. bal dndsus~balandzits, kam, dntus~kamantis, sdld dines~saldaings "saldainius", vdrskeé dus~varskédius. .. ; 2. For words with more than three syllables, the length of the second syllable from the end is irrelevant. — ir gal. barav,i-kus~baravykus, ddrbinihkus~darbininkus, gudizdik ikus~gvaizdikiukis, vakar élus~vakareliuss. Such a consonant is also heard inaudibly always, especially in three-syllable ir ne words. It is also optional. In addition to the more commonly used word, the more commonly used word is the more commonly used word. A secondary accent is used in double-accented accented multi-stemmII ed words in the syllable that can be accented by the main accent, e.g. dg. į ir gal. agilon || agalon ~aguonds, raspberr- || ies two~ raspberries; vn. innag. balandžu || balddžumobalandžiū, sijo'nu || sējd'nuv=esijonū... This was the first time that the 1000-pound flag was used to mark the start of a iš major event. į —į |. § 5. In this case, the outer edge of the ir outer outer edge of the outer outer ir edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer už edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge of the outer outer edge. The main accent was first removed only from the penultimate syllable of į words with multiple II syllables, as is still the case in the adjacent Šiauliai dialect*, then from the it beginning of the word, where the secondary accent remained. jo į o Since both of these kinds of secondary accents in dialect are only optional, they will not be marked in the work at all, ir 28 R, "Breakthrough," The Diplomat. work, manuscript; 15, 1950. G. Gerullis Lithuanians Dialect studies, 22, Leipzig, 1930, 110 Lifting of the kick 8 6. In dialects, there are cases where a secondary accent is found in words with ir an old main accent. Most often such a secondary accent occurs in compound or derivative words, which have the main accent in the first component (composed) or in the root (derivatives). | The lateral declination is found in the dialect: 1. In compound numerals: ke turezdé $im(t) forty, ~ fifty, sixty(1) ~pefikiasdesimt, šė' šezd & $im(r)~ fifty, seventy, seventy-nine ~seventy, eighteen, is'ym(1) eighteen, nine ~ é $im(r) ~ ninety. 2. In compound adjectives: dna'm,e't-vanamet, kitam,z't kitamet, ~ drt Sm ~Simet "This year", ~ tonight "tonight", ūspįč'Pn(ei) ~ Ūžperniai, ūžo a:'karmmūžvakar. 3. In compound nouns other than the word "Ašpakįd'lis mūžpakalis", the lateral deflection almost does not occur, e.g.: paukstvanagis~ paukštvanagis, šino:bele--šūnobelė, sausbergdda~saiisbergzda, lédfinga~I1edzinga, if it is in the penultimate syllable, it is very weak and hard to hear. o ir ir Vowels a, e, which are always long when they have a subjunctive, are not elongated in this case. 4. The singular feminine noun of adjectives, pronouns, ir numerals, e.g.: bd'Ir, d'jei-=—baltajai, raudd'nd'jei -raudėnajai, Andijei anajai, sav del sūvajai, dvidešimt d'jei dvidešimtajai, va'Igo"md jei ~ vilgomajai; vari't,d'jei ~ m varytai. ~ ~ 5. Verbsmazodziy forms of su the past tense suffix -dav-, e.g.: dirbd d'va dirbdavo, dirbdįd'vuses dirbdavusios; ~ bé'gdd'va bėgdavo, ~ ves~bigdaves... ~ bé gd a 6. Veiksmazodziy su with prepositions -woti, -auti in the old ir main I strike at the root in the bit-card time ir iš jo in participation forms, e.g.: bdltuot —bd: ltd va—bd'lt ves~biltuoti baltavo a baltavęs geltd — nuor geltd'n — ava geltd'n ; ves~gelténuoti gelténavo — gelténaves jiioduot...~ — juoduoti... a — — ; ; me'li*nuoz . ..~to make me happy; I'm going to go to bed. $i — I'm gonna take care of you. — $tikaves ; kli‘kaur...~Klikauti... 7. a-, ia-kamieniy nouns, jvardZiuotiniy adjectives, pronouns, numerals, participle plural, e.g.: brd1,d'm~bréliam, aklieš d'm~akliesiam ,,blind®‘, manfe$ d-m~maniesiam,,maniesiems*, penktie$ d'm~penktiesiam,,penktiesiems, bivusie$,d'm~buvusiesiam- ,,buvusiesiems®, neštieš d'm~nestiesiam ,neStiesiems®, vefamie$ d'm~vezamiesiam ‘veZamiesiems’.’ 8. a) Prefix of third person verbs par— su (per) vowel ir root in the a third person present ir tense of past tense, made plural iš jo I ir II individual ir participants, e.g. : pd'rd d'ra— pd'rd d're— pd'rd d'ra''s— pa'rd &'vani(i) — pd'rd,d'ro'ms, —a,pard d'res pd'rdd'fus(i)- ~pardaro—pa- — rdaré —pirdargs —pardaranti —pirdaromas, —a,—pardares— pardariusi; I'm sorry, I'm sorry. ..—pd'rkr & ptant(i). .. pd'rkrd-pSéus(i) ~pérkrapstom... 111 pd'rmdna... parma né'm... pdrmdnant(i)... pa'rmd'no'ms.- ..=-parmano...; pd'rmata... pd'rmd'tė't... pd'rm atoms... ~pirmato...; pd'rs,dka... pdrsdkes... nepd'rs, ako ms...~pirsako..., nepirsakomas,neperkalbamas®“; pd‘rvdra... pd'rodres.- ..~parvaro... b) First person verbs with the prefix parir vowel e in the root or suffix, in the third person of the past participle having a < 4, in the third person of the past participle, in the plural of the first and second persons and in the participants made from that time, e.g.: pdrgive'na—pdrgi'- v,@'no'm... pd'rgivénes...~pirgyveno, pirgyvenom... pargyvenes; parsiena—... parsi@no't...—pdrs@enus(i)~pirseno...; pd'rte ka, pdrte'ko'm.. —pd'rté kes... —pirteko..., pirtekes... 9. Sangraziniy in the singular noun of nouns, e.g. bjd'uro‘jim d’sis (-es)~bidurojimasis; kra'pštimdsis (-ies) —krašstymas; mušim a'sis (-sies)~ mushing... § 7. The origin of the dialect's lateral accent is not always the same. In some cases, it is due to the fact that the second component of the compound word retains a certain part of the old accent (cases 1, 2, 3 and 8), in others, the secondary shifted accent is due to analogy with words that have the main accent in the same place (cases 4, 5, 6, 7). In dialect, the singular noun of feminine adjectives, numerals, pronouns, and some participles has an accent at the ending, e.g. baltd'i~baltdi, andi~andi, trefé'i~tretidi, dirprdi~dirbtdi. The first syllable of substantive genders is pronounced, as in Ik., but due to the analogy with non-noun genders, a secondary accent appears in the ending, The same can be said dir about the appearance of the secondary accent in verbs with the suffixes -woti, -auti and the past tense suffix -dav, It has appeared here from such verbs with the same prefixes, which have the old main accent in those prefixes, e.g.: kafdrut—katū"va—kata'ves=zkariauti, karišvo, karidves; shubūot —šu'ba"va—šu- 'bū'ves ~ swinging, swinging, swinging; žaluoi—žalū"- va— Zalawes~7Zalitioti, zalidivo, žališvęs. How sangraZiniy subjunctive nouns came into being—it is ką hard to say. Distortion of the accent § 8. The syllable from the ending to the beginning of the word is removed from old pronounced endings with a short or testing prefix, e.g.: dvifa~aviza, dévana~ dovana, šaka-=ošaka, tro'ba~trobad; make—make...; dūsuli's=-dusulys, Ril s~ kylis; rasis~rasys, skditi's~skait§s; nowhere~nowhere. In two-syllable words, the accent is drawn to the first syllable, e.g. smiltis~smiltis, tdukai~taukai; kdsu~kasu, In polysyllabic words, the first syllable is always detached from the long ending, e.g.: débilai~klai, dg. kilm. davižw'=vavižū, gdbalu'~gabalij; be. map. I. vn. II asm. Outbound and Inbound; will, 1. 3rd person singular singular singular. 112 In the first syllable of the word, the accent is detracted from the short ending if the penultimate syllable is short, e.g. dg. gal. dkminukus~akminiukus, Simnelus~%unelitis, vn. innag. kepure~kepuré, vn. viet, kamine~kaming, vn. ward. nugara~nugara. In words of the II accent, although less frequently, the accent is sometimes retracted Or to the penultimate syllable, e.g.: dg. gal. akminikus~akminiukis, laikro'džūkus--laikrodžiukiai, vežimus =-vežimi, Sometimes from a short final syllable the inflection is deducted only to the penultimate, e.g.: navicku~Navicku (surname) vn. jnag., taricus~ Taručiūs (village, dg. gal.), gapūčusme Gapučiūs (surname, dg. gal.). This is the way names and place names are pronounced. If the penultimate syllable is long, then multistemmed words are pronounced in two ways: the accent from the short ending is retracted either to the penultimate syllable or to the first (now more common), e.g.: dg. gal. _agilonas || poppy~poppy, agiirkus || dgurkus~agurkus, balandZus || balandus~balandziis, baravi‘kus || baravi'kus ~baravykus; aston: || eight~eight. In newly dialectized words, the accent is retracted to the syllable that has an accent in the singular ending, e.g. brigada~brigada, vn. gal. brigada~brigida; granata~granatd, panera~fanerd, pigii'ra~figira, priziira~frizird, dg. gal. kunkustus~Komunistis, spartiiolus~spartuolilis, trokto'ristus~ traktoristlis... But it happens that even in such words the accent is drawn to the first syllable, e.g.: élektra || elaektra~elektra, salietra || salietra~salietra; dg. gal. KaloSus || kalosus~Kaliosus. The syllable is also removed from the secondary ending (caused by the shortening of the ending) that has a short prefix in the testing dialect, e.g. ddvenc~advefitas, baraviks~baravikas, driganc~drigafitas, kdltu'ns~Kaltfinas, ldido'ks~laidokas, ldukuks~laukitikas, mdgnec~magnétas, vn, šauksm. odik é1~vaikéli, The exception is made only in general terms: from its secondary ending the consonant is never deprecated, e.g.: apsimėši=vapsimėsti, numift~numifti, nusiga'imvnusigąsti, pasilikimopasilikti, pasisvė?i-vpasisveiti, usidėki=vužsidėgti, Does not deprecate the consonant because this ending has only been abbreviated recently, sometimes its full form with -7 is used, so the deprecation of the consonant has not yet touched it. If a mixed diphthong triftong is formed when the limb is shortened, ar d, &' always turns into d', ¢ and the consonant is no longer diverted, e.g.: rasd'ls~rasilas, senitd'rs~senitiras „sanitaras“, tarakd'nc~tarakinas; give n~gyvéna, ku're'n~ kūrėna, If a secondary mixed diphthong is formed at the secondary ending, the first sand of which consists of the vowels 2, 4, this diphthong also acquires a push prefix and the consonant is no longer separated from, e.g.: baltūėms=-baltūmas, ilgums~ilgumas, karštims jo =>karštimas, minkstims~minkstimas, gendvlls~Gendvilas „surname“, radvlls~Radvilas (e.g.), leistiųs--leistūvas, palaistiugs~palaistivas „,lauteris““ ir t, t. If there is no diphthong, the consonant is usually diverted, e.g. pdmpiks~Pampikas (surname), čūpiks=očiupikas, vliduks~vistiukas, šinduksee žindūkas, But sometimes in this case the verb ir remains unbroken, e.g.: mušiks== mušikas, pjo'viks~piovikas. 8. Questions of Speech Il, 113 If there is no diphthong in the secondary ending, a', ė'>d', optionally, such words are pronounced é' twice, e.g.: ir bo'tdks || bo taks~botagas; cesnd ks || ésnaks~Cesndkas ; nabd ks || nabaks~nabagas; pi'ra'ks || pi-raks~pieragas. - It should be said that in this case 4‘, & still turns to d', ė' more often than it does not, especially ė', e.g.: lanke'c~lank€tas (such part of the sled), verDar'cmspindle ir etc. etc. The crossing shall be irrevocable: § 9. 1. Usually iš the ar second syllable even further from the end, e.g.: cibulis || -e~cibuilis, -ė „svogūnas“, numirélis~numirélis, pelude~pelude, s@nd‘tve~sendtve; ger snis~better; važū'varvvažiūšvo. 2. Iš long limbs with a push-back, e.g. dg. caud. do'bild'm(- s)~dobildm(s), maiem~- maZiem; be. k. 1. 2nd edn. ed., ed. k. 1. I person sukd'us~- sukius; adjectives: makara'i, tabald-i. 3. Iš secondary limbs with a push-up prefix, e.g. akioc~akiotas, katklins--karklynas, peerki'nc~perkiinas, spighioc~spiglitiotas, taukiioc~taukuotas. For d', é <a, & Zr. § 8. For i, & zr. § 8. 4. In conjugated adverbs: vielmehr about, || gangréit~gangreit, kasmre't, jedesmal jedesmal. || 5. Nobody~nobody, nobody~nobody, nobody~nobody "nothing for yourself", Abnormal withdrawal of the thumb § 10. In dialect, there are cases where the accent on the first syllable is withdrawn from the middle of the word. Iš such cases mentioned You: 1. a) If the prepositional forms of the returning verbs are pronounced with the returning particle „si“, this is a conjunction from which very often is removed a prefix, e.g.: apsisuko~apsisuko, iūsimetusvužsimetu; pasiSncki~pasinenki, pasivelki~ pasivelki; dpsimeta's~apsimetas; į dpsiveréent~apsiverciant, In verb forms beforeSdéliais nebe-, tebekritis is also often detracted from the first syllable, e.g.: nébetiku~-nebetikiu, nébemeri~ nãometi, nébeare~nebiaré, b) tébaguli~tebéguli su į (vn. II asm. ), rébekerti~ tebekerti. This is not a new feature, as it is still optional. It may have been derived by analogy from verbs in which ti the past participle of the old accentuated ending is regularly deprecated by the prefix, e.g.: dpsivilkaurvapsivilkaū, nisié; jau~nusiéjali „I was tired walking“, niisivijau~nusivijaill dpsisukai~apsisukai iš į ; ir t. t. This type of deflection could later pass to the present tense, e.g. dpsisuku~apsisuku, nisiperki~nusiperkiį ..., o po to could be generalized to all prepositioned ir conjugated verbs. This process was ir facilitated by the general tendency of dialects to shift į the accent on the first syllable everywhere. In the verb forms tebe-, su nebekirtis the first syllable of the preposition į is also deleted by analogy according to such verbs, in which the first syllable of the preposition of the ending is deleted according to the law, e.g.: nėbegalu~nebegalill, iš tébematau~tebį ematail, etc. 114 c) The effect of analogy can also explain the removal of the accent of semi-participants and participants from the middle of the word to the first syllable, bėtreengdams --betrefikdamas,,bekalbėdamas“, nuveidams~nueidamas, paligdams~palikdamas, įžduzdams --mužtraukdamas; dteinantmvateinant, bebu'nant ~bebiinant, pareinant~ pareinant, ūžstu'nant vužgriūnant... ; 2. It happens that the consonant in the middle of the first iš syllable of a word is optionally removed į in nouns and adjectives, e.g.: gėnatves= genštvė, girkančei-Girkafičiai „village“, ir makelis~makelis, nėlaimervneldimė, pasaulis pasaule~pasaulis, -ė, senatve~sendtvé, agare~Zagiré „town“, vn. || || tablespoons jirdoSau~juddsiau. Rarely: kapure~kepuré, mérgele~girl, ovirelis~vyrélis. This was due to the influence of the Latin language. Due to the influence of Latvian, the accent is detracted from the middle iš common nouns in Latvian words, such as: kdēpure, se ndēlaime, pdsaule, #dgare~Zagiré... ir The singular noun of adjectives also sometimes has an accent in the first syllable, e.g.: bd'ltasis~biltasis, pirmasis~pirmasis, etc. ir If the anchor is placed in a position where it is likely to be ne broken, the anchor should o be removed and replaced with a new anchor. 3, Optionally, the consonant is diverted by long ir iš consonant limbs with a stumting prefix, e.g. dg. caud. débila'm~dobilim, kruopa'm=—Kruopiam „miestelis“, vdika'm~vaikdm; es. 1. I asm. I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry. 1. II asm. mdišaismomaišais, būt. k. 1. I asm. néSaus~nesigus, bit, k. 1. II asm, ritais~ritdis, stkais~sukdis. About Kruopius ir Siupylius (Norvaišių km.) this kind of strike retraction is very strong, barely regular. For example, in ne Norvaišiai, the plural noun noun of individual stems are completely equalized, which are already different ir from each other in the suffix, e.g.: dg. naud, ir innag. gdlvo'm~galvém ir galvėm, Sako'm~3akém ir Say, vdrlé'm~varlém ir varIšm(s), pusim~pusim is pusif, ridenim~rudenim is rudenif. It is also possible that the plural forms of the noun are derived from the analogy with dg. forms of the noun, which differ from the noun only in the suffix, Later, such an irregular deflection of the noun begins to prevail in the plural of the noun of other stems, e.g., it is also said gaidža'm ~ gaidžiams (dg. caud. ). Comparing the speech of representatives of the old and young generations, it seems; that the younger ones incorrectly retract the strike more often than the older ones, strike retraction course § 11. This is not only true of the northern dialects of Lithuanian, but also of the Latvian language as a whole. Comparison shows that in Latvian and Lithuanian the accent deflection took place in each language independently of each other. In Latvian, the consonant from the ending to the first syllable is always deprecated, in Lithuanian, the consonant is usually not deprecated from the long ending with a push preposition (e.g. see § 9.). In addition, the prepositions of the degressive accent are different: the Latvian preposition of the degressive accent in long syllables is always a lauztinė derived from the old pre-degressive acute, the Lithuanian dialects pushtinė, continuous middle, e.g.: balt a~balta, balt tlos~ baltds 115 — ir f (Kretinga) pirma~pirma, pirmo's~pirmds (Radix) vdga~vagd, vago's~vagds (Radix) The uneven accentuation of the accent in the dialect shows that the accentuation has started everywhere at ne the same time, t. y. the strike retraction had several stages. First, the accent was used to separate the iš short accentuated ending from į the long syllable, e.g.: dusis~ausis, galva~galva, Sirdis~38irdis; vn. innag. gulé'wu~gulovi, kifou~Arviu, varškė" ‘Gu~varskégiu; dg. gal. gani 'class~ganyClass; dg. ward. raudé ni~raudoni, septi'ni~septyni the same prefix of the ir t. t. Ta principal deductive accent é in the same conditions in bi-syllabic polysyllabic words indicates that ir ir Here the crossing was diverted at one time. The following facts confirm that this is the oldest stage of the declination: in this case there are no 1. traces of the old lateral final declination in the dialect; ordinary intermediate prepositions of the digressive 2. (s) turning into a continuation (~); 3. the existence of dialects that only know this accent diversion ir (Kražiai, Tytuvėnai, Ariogala, Krakės)*. Po this stage of diversion was followed by another. Cut started to iš distract short roots of į short cut limbs ir iš long short root of į long ir consonant limbs. In polysyllabic words, the consonant is always detached at the first syllable, e.g.: bėrgždė'lė' ~bergzdél€ į „,vanity'“, drd-bulé'~ drobul®; ėži's=vežėys, gdidi's~gaidys, katé'~kat€, mama~mama, dg. ward. kdmuolei~balls, namai~namal, réikalai~things, dg. gal. ~3 pieces of wire; be. k. L. vn. I asm. I've taken it, Eirpau~Kirpail; be. k. I. vn. II asm. dase ~ Darel. In those polysyllabic words, where the syllable has already been detached from the penultimate long syllable of the short ending, it is now detached from the first syllable of iš the penultimate long syllable by į adapting them to other polysyllabic words of the same accent. to į Thus, a double pronunciation of a certain group of multisyllabic words appeared (see section 4.4). § 8.). When the first syllable is deflected so widely, the syllable conjugation is į generalized where it should not be to according to the usual laws of conjugation. ir jo (see section 4.4). $ 10.), but the iš tendency of ta part is felt in nouns ir (see section 4.4). $ 10.). This would be the third, most recent stage of ir accentuation, which is still taking place in the dialect today because of analogy and, in part, ir because of the influence of Latvian language. iš ¢ A. Salys, Keletas pastabos apie dialektų — istoriją, „Archivum Philologicum", 4, 32, Kaunas, 1933, to 116 It should also be noted that the dialect representatives themselves do not consider the iš long syllable of the short ending of į the declination as a declination, no longer t. y. jo feel it and, in order to speak literary language, t. y. restore a broken syllable, say, e.g.: do'bilai,.pelai, nešiaū, vedei, but: ganjkla, mokykla, maišu, pirštus, vaikus, aštuoni ‘and t. t. Reasons for the retraction of the strike $ 12. There are various opinions about the origin of the accent, some say that the accent is diverted because of foreign languages Latvian or Curonian — —influence*, others explain that the intersection began to divert any foreign influences”, be others consider the question almost insoluble, but as an tą acceptable hypothesis agree su su Young’s theory, supplemenją ted by the influence of a foreign language*, the fourth tries to expand "Therefore, we have to make sure that we do not ją overdo it, and that we do not overdo it too much, because of the long-term consequences." The theory that the accent has begun to be diverted due to the influence of Latvian is self-rejecting: not all Lithuanian dialects that communicate with Latvians diverted the accent. There is one strong argument in favour of the influence of the Curonian-Zimgalians: the area of the dialects that divert the accent and the area inhabited by the Curonian-Zimgalians almost coincide. But, according to Endzelynas, the Kurians had a free kick. It is true, he points out that the Curonian dialect, and through them, of course, also the dialect of the Lithuanian dialects, could have been influenced later by the Ugro-Finnish tribes—the Lybians. But he also notes that even before the Lybians the Curonian dialect was already more or less spontaneously diverted, the Lybians helping to generalize this divertion. Perhaps the most convincing explanation of the origin of accentuation is philologist. m.k. Grinavecki dissertation, where he, based on the statements of Jaunius and Endzelynas, associates the abduction of the accent with the abbreviation of the limbs, especially of the pronounced and unpronounced long acute limbs, as an auxiliary, favourable to the abbreviation factor, accepting also the influence of foreign language. Of course, in addition to these general reasons, there are also other reasons in individual dialects. Thus, specifically in the case of the accent in the Šakyna dialect, the influence of Latvian on some abnormal cases of accent deflection (deflection from the middle of the word, partly from the push-end) and the influence of analogy (pronunciation of prepositional forms of conjugative verbs, partly also deflection from the push-ends) must be acknowledged. 5 Zr. Archivum Philologicum, 4, Kaunas, 1933, 6 K, SiBunc, IloneBexckHe roBopbl JIMTOBCKOrO si3blka.—I[laMATHAs KHHXKKa KOBeHCKOT ryčGepnun Ha 1898-1899 r. J. Plakis, Some stages in the development of Latvian and Latvian accents, Riga, 1923, 7 J. Endzelins, Grammar of the Latvian language, 32, Riga, 1951. 8 VI, Grinaveckis, Šiaurės vakarų dūnininkų tarmių fonetinės ypatybės ir jų raida, rankraštis, 91-105, Vilnius, 1956, to, kad naujesniojo atitrauktinio kirčio priegaidė gana dažnai vidurinės pereina tęstinę, galima spręsti, kad panašiai yra atsiradusi dabartisenesniojo atitrauktinio pagrindinio kirčio tęstinė priegaidė, 117 Iš iš į ir nė t. y. when ir to The transformation may iš have been influenced by the analogy o of the same paradigm word forms, which had the old main accent testing preposition ir in the same syllable, e.g.: vn. ir kilm. finger--finger, vn. caud. fingertip, vn, gal. I'm not sure... dg. ward. PifStai~pirStai, dg. kilm. finger --pifštų, dg. caud. pirta'm~piistams, dg. innag. 1000 pcs. ir innag. pirftu~pirith, dg. gal. fingers--fingers (with a digressive slash). The middle wait $ 26. In dialects, the position of the middle prefix is the same as that of the continuous prefix, for ir vowels in the first t, y. part of the sound, for diphthongs on the first sando. — In the case of a continuous, the middle prelude differs only in its shortness: the middle prelude is shorter than the continuous one, and the shortness už makes the continuation of to the continuous ji prelude sharper, reminiscent of a shortened pushed or elongated ir prelude. Vowel ir diphthongs su in the middle suffix do not elongate at all: they are the same o length, sometimes even slightly shorter, as the ir corresponding unaccented vowels. ar They differ from unaccented sounds only in the intensity of the accent. — The middle consonant in dialect is: 1. a) After the interjectiiš on of the long limb į long "root, e.g. dg. kilm. a Goose Iu'~azuolil, vn, kilm, lanko" s~lankds, dg. innag, pénkeis~five, rieutais~ nuts; be. k. 1. vn. I asm. ¢jau~eéjaii; jungt. kd'del~kodél; by b) removing the long root of the short iš secondary ending (caused by the shortening of the limb), e.g.: dnéuks~ancitkas, kdlnuks~kalniukas, Pjd'viks~pijovikas, §d'viks~3ovikas, į vdiniks~vainikas, 2. a) Shortening the test time, in single-state Zodels, e.g.: rai, dél~dél, ~nd nd „nuč“, 8'~a, pre'~pré ‘by’; b) shortening the test preposition in the third-person future tense verbs with diphthong root, e.g.: dus~ais, d3dus~ su dziaiis, éis~eis, kéiks~Kkeiks, ners~nefs, pirks~pitks, 3 Szrs~3efs; shortening of the test preposition, due to the shortening of the ending in words with an c) old diphthong in the root, e.g.: piric~piiitas, šiensmošičnas, šimesešimtas, vdiks~vaikas, vilks~vilkas; es, III asm, éin~ eina, kndfk ~kkasika, peri~npeisa, valk ~velka, Such a middle preposition derived from a shortened continuum is slightly longer and stronger than the middle preposition of 1. the deductive accent, The middle preposition is found in long secondary accent syllables, e.g.: dg. 3, ir gal, ag tionas~aguonds, mék i ‘klas~mokyklas, vn, kilm, si'n)dus~stnaiis, vn, naud. bd'ltd'jei~béltajai, But the middle prefixé of the secondary accent is slightly different from the middle prefixé of the main accent. Middle of the lateral diaphragm 124 This difference in the middle preposition comes from the fact that the long syllables in the dialect have a clear push preposition. As a result, the continuous prefix of the final syllable shortens and approaches the pushed one when the main accent is lost. Short preposition $ 27, We call short preposition the preposition of short pronounced syllables. In the case of a continuous or pushed pronoun, it differs only in its shortness in terms of the position of the voice. Anyway, here, as in the case of a pushed or continuous vowel, the voice becomes stronger, reaches its maximum strength and then again falls, weakens, and then again increases in intensity. In words with the old main accent, the short preposition of the dialect responds to the short Ik, e.g.: buis~bis, birva~buvo, kadsti~Kkasti, kiba~kibo, lipSu~lipsiu, nėšeonėš, rišumorisiu, ras~1as... | In addition, the short preposition of the dialect still has; 1. By removing the accent from the ending into a short syllable, e.g.: dpusé ~apusé „epušė“, lakta~lakta, vn, įnag. magu~naglh, vn. kilm. ♪ Nights, bitches, dogs ♪ ; 2. When abbreviating monosyllabic words, e.g.: a~af, i~if, i~i; 3. When abbreviating the singular denominator of two-syllable a-, ia-root nouns and adjectives, e.g.: kdps=-kūpas, mec~métas, taks~tdkas, Zdps~ “ zdbas. In this case, the short preposition is unfair, more often found among the low-speaking dialect representatives. Further away from the Žemaičių border they are almost not found, 4, The pronounced noun prefix patapa also has a short suffix, e.g.: pabalis, pagto'vis, pakelis „,pakelė“, palauke~pilauké, pamiškis, parugis, paso‘dne, -is, It seems that the words of this kind have a completely mixed root and final pronunciation and everywhere generalized accent in the first syllable of the word and short prefix. 5, The short preposition is also used in short lateral accent syllables, e.g. rasda~rasa, dg. gal. namus~namus, priev. dabd~daba "now". 6. In words borrowed from Latvian or common to Latvian, the a, e are always shortened, e.g.: dmac~amatas, dtmatas~ atmatos "abandoned, no longer cultivated soil", badinks~badingas "hungry", cekuls~ cėkulas "tail", cėplis' "lime-firing furnace", gabals~gibalas, kėžburainis "shaved, twisted", kėza,,béda, nepatogumas®, ldbums "kindness", ladé'i "to curse", ldkac~lakatas "large scarf", ldmata "scrap", mėtama- §is, mdatams “by beating; In addition, other newly entered words have a shortened prefix if the accent falls on the vowels a, e, e.g.: ddrasas, klase~Klisé, pasta, $nabe~ šnabė „vodka“. Compared with the South-West Highland dialects, the short prefix of the Šakyna dialect is stronger and slightly longer, and the short prefix of the old main principal deductive accent of the dialect itself is slightly different. 125 ir The short prefix of the old main accent is slightly stronger than the short prefix už of the main diphthong, e.g. pusis~pusys (dg. vard.) ir half~half (vn, vard.). Prepositions of unpronounced syllables § 28. As in some dialects of Žemaitija, the long pokiritic syllables of the Šakyna dialect have a distinct push prefix, e.g. kd'uldi, péiléi~peiliai. It is difficult to determine the preposition of long ji pre-interjections: it varies between continuous and intermediate. Intonation ir of the sentence § 29, Although not always, but sometimes due to the intonation of the sentence, the preposition of the Word with the logical sentence accent changes in the dialect, ko e.g.: nors prašant, often pushed preposition becomes a continuation, e.g.: dūtofk ma' disonas “Give me bread”; Let's go home." "let's go home"; Give me a piece of nons ‘give me a piece of cheese’’; when commanding, the — continuous preposition is ma replaced by a push, e.g.: pu'sk | ko" Id'uki “blow, ko field”; le'sk vidu i »stay į inside«. Much more often, due to the intonation of the sentence, the preposition only slightly changes, but remains ta the same. For ko example, while asking, the continuous preposition approaches I'm going. in strong-vowel — diphthongs the voice pressure is concentrated more on the second sando, e.g.: to sakai eisi a “Are you going?”; the cloud of hearts "do you want an apple?" in the word 7nd'r:'s pushback is much smoother than usual, somewhat like a continuous one. į Metatonia § 30. In dialect, the following change of whims is observed: 1. continuous or intermediate prelude alternating with a push, 2. push with continuous, short 3. push, su $ 31, Continuous or intermediasu te pusher alternating: 1. In prepositions, e.g.: ir ant~afit: d'nčakis "ankle", d'nėkalasemvūančkalas; no'=-nučd: ntobaigas~niobaigas, niokulstas~niokulstos ’lyni odbrukos’ $ po ~pO: pd'pietis=-pėpietis, pd'surnis-vpėsūnis parmopei: ; pa'rspė'jims--pėrspėjimas, pd'rtvara--pėrtvara; pré-~prié: before~before, before~before ‘such disease’; pré&$~priés: priesgina~priesgina, prieSprieSais~prieSpriesais; pro e~prd: prd-smiltis~présmiltis ‘sand’. 2. In ordinary ir jstangos Repetitive action words, e.g. : CIPI: paui~iypauti; & li:Sp-elįsti: ldndzo'r~lindziotiy shinkr ~slifiktis slide't~slide shout ; ~Saiikti: šū'rkaut=to shout, 126 3. in ordinary and causative verbs, e.g.: bėfpim= befbti: birbini~birbinti; split~split: skd'Isi"?, -int ~ split, "yti; vafki~vaigti: vd'rgini~ painioti; ShePki-ožeigti: fd rgini~ Zirginti. 4. in ordinary and occasional verbs, e.g.: alpt~ alpti: d'lpéi~alpéti; kempi~kempti „džiūti“: kémpé'i ~kémpétiy Ii§i~ lįsti: lindo ~lidoti; mifi~mifti: mé-rdé'i~- mérdéti; sk si~sksti: skéndé'i~ skéndéti. 5. in ordinary and instant verb verbs, e.g.: kréipi~ kreipti: kri'ptelé't ~ krypteléti; lėnki ~ lefikti: Hnktelé't ~ linkteléti; Svglpi~ Svelpti: Svllprelé'i~3$wilpteléti. 6. in ordinary verbs and prepositions, e.g.: té ksi ~t€ksti: ti kit~tykst; genki~zefigti: Finkt~Zingt. 7. Present tense st-, §z-root verbs, e.g.: miff~miitit mirSt~mirsta, 8. In substantive and adverbial verbs, e.g.: gdrbé'~garbė: gd'rbini~garbinti; kdlc~kultas: kdltinti~Kéltinti; smailus~smailiis: smd ilint~smailinti, Soenc~3§vefitas: Svètini~§vètinti. 9. Verbs in nouns, ir e.g.: kliiki~Kkluikti: klinka~ kluika; linki, Ilenki~lifikti, lefikti: inclination~inclination ,,bending®; /i*§i~ lįsti: linda~Ilinda ,,urvas®; Smithst ~ 3 shortly: Smirk$ti-ne~gmirkityné; véfii~ veižti: vdrfa~varia; sétki~Jelgti: Firkles~Zirkiés. 10. In nouns with the prefix pa-, e.g.: vn. gal. barzda~balzds: beard~bark; vn. gal. gérkle~geikle: stirring up~stirring down; vn. gal. lauka~liaika: field~time; vn. gal. Zauna~7zialing: paZd-unis, -e~ paZidunis, -€. 11. in pronouns made from prepositions, e.g.: aplinkui~aplifikui: aplinkinis~aplinkinis; pré'§~pri€s: right. 12. For the transformation of continuous preposition into pushed one due to shortening of the limbs, see 8 23. 13. The continuous preposition becomes a pushing one in some compound words, e.g.: vn. gal. s&'na~séna: sz 'ndvaris~Séndvaris "village", sė'mbernis- ~sénbernis, sė'mpirda=- esėnpirda "old woman"; vn. gal. ska'nu~skany: tasty— tasty; vn. gal. devd'ra~dvira: dod'rpo'nis- ~dvdrponis; vn. gal. sma‘ilu~smaily: smd igalis~smogalis. § 32, Stumtiné (or trumpiné) with test (medium) suffix Kkaitaliojasi: 1. changing the root of the same word, e.g. kd'uls~kdulas: kaulus~ kaiilius; piens~pienas: pienus~pi€nius "who likes milk", piene~pi€né "milk"; plumksna~plūmsna: plumSnus~plufiksnius; sézle~séilé: séilus~seilius; stirna~stirna; stifnins~stifninas; vd'rna: vdrns~vainas. 2. In compound words: dd'rps~ddrbas: devi'ndarbis~devyndatbis; kdje~koéja: derenkd'jis~vienkdjis; kri'mai~Krimai: krii'me, -is~pakrimé, -is; ld'va~lova: pale~palovis; mdrks~margas: rudmargis ~ rudmaigis; nd'sis~nosis: pand'sis, -e~pandsis, -ė; pld'uks~pleukas: yellow-haired; lina volna: o'skavilne ozkavilné; vn. 127 ~ ~ gal. water water: ~ pavandenui~pavafideniui; bet: gé'da~géda: begédis~begédis; prdc~protas: a mad person; so'tis~sbtis: basd tis~besétis; stiols~stiolas: passing, -e; tile~tiltas: bridge, -e ir kt 3. In nouns with ir plurals, e.g. d'ukSc~dukstas: aquksts~ atik§tas; ld'uks~ldukas: lduks~lalikas; me'li'ns~mélynas: shit GR ‘fruit’; kd'rSc~kdrstas: card~Kkarstis. 4. In ordinary adverbs adverbs ir with suffixes su -gans~ -ganas, -kSvas, -svas, e.g. : bd'le~biltas: balzgans~balzganas, balkšoas, kalvas; jioc~jtodas: jiosvas; grey~grey: grayish. 5. In quantitative ir plural nouns, e.g. aštūonus-vaštūonius: aštūntarvaštuūtą (vn. gal. ); devi'nus-odevynius: the ninth~ninth (vn. gal. ); septi'hus-eseptynius: seventh~seventh (vn. gal. ). 6. In noun verbs of the same root, e.g.: gé'fi~ drink: gé'rals~geralas; ir ghnad'uši-ogniaužti: firefly; sha'rutevšauti: §i'vis~§lvis; véfi~vérti: vartaicvvaitai. 7. Actions performed ir iš jų in nouns, e.g.: du'mai~ dūmai: di'mii~diimyti; kri'mai~krimai: krii'mii~krimyti,Kerotis, sti'~ nusmesūnūs: sii'ni~stinyti; keré-bla~kerébla: keré-blini~keréblinti. 8. In simple and easy repetitive verbs, e.g.: ld-uki~l4ukti: li-kufuoi~I1iikuriuoti; snd'uSi~sndusti: snii:dufuor~ snūduriuoti; $niki~snjeti: sne'gufuof~snjguriuoti. 9. in the general and predicative conjugation of verbs, e.g. kd'ii~kgsti: ka'stu~Kkisty; Hei~lieti: lietu~li€ty; spd-uSi~spdusti: spdustu~spatisty; #ii~zibéti: ibe tu~zibéty. 10. VerbsZodziy with a diphthong in the root in the third person of the future tense, e.g.: d'uSu~4usiu: aus~aiis; dilosu~duiosiu: dios~duds; IéiSu~1éisiu: lis~leis; kiFSu~kursiu: kidrs~Kkuis; skélu~skélsiu: skés~skels. 11. rarer case of metatonia in bi adjectives and verbs with the same root, e.g. juoc~juodas: pajiiosi~pajudsti. 12, NounZiy with the prefixes -ditis, -ė, -ytis, -ė in the adverbs, e.g.: mergd'te~mergdité (singular noun): mergd-tes~mergaités (singular adverb), teti‘te~tetyté (singular noun): tėra i~tetite (singular adverb). § 33. The short and the pusher are alternated: 1. In the simple and repetitive verbs, e.g.: _Brisi~Kkristi: krdidoi~kréiGioti; Hpi~liptis Ild'ipoi~lipioti; mési~mesti: méti'i~métyti; briii~bristi: brd‘id¥o'i~braidZioti. 2. The action of that patis root in words and nouns, e.g. suptis~vsuptis: $i'pi'ne~silipyné. 3. In nouns with a prefix, there are also cases of pathomorphic metatonia, e.g. wglas~uzlos: pau Flis~paiizlis. 128 Adverb and word meaning $ 34, Quite often one word differs from another only by the adverb, e.g.: d'ntis-mantis "bird": antis~aiitis "part of clothing"; džd'va-—dziva "disease": dzova~dziova "drying"; kd'rrtis-—kartis "Spike, spike": kartis~Kkaftis "Capriciousness, stubbornness; ‘horse bitter’’; kfetis-—hard "plant": hard "hardness"; kd'le--a faulty "tool": kdle~Kkaltas (typ.); me'rki ~ mėrkti "to blink with the eyes": mėtki-omeikti "to soak, to put into the water"; primini~priminti „to put on the foot, to press“: primini~primiiiti „to tell, that they do not forget““; smd'ukimo choke "suffocate- ": smguki~smatiikti "to interrupt, to push"; pld-uks~pliukas (nuictiv.): hair~pleats (I. III person); mana~mano (vn. kilm.): mana~ méno (e.g. 1. III asm.); gdna~gana (priev.): gana~gino (e.g. 1. III asm.); $aka~saka (vn. vard.): $a'ka~s$dka (vn. gal.); vaga~vagd (vn. vard.): va'ga~ vagą (vn. gal). YJAAPEHHUE H HHTOHAIIHS B INAKHMHACKOM I OBOPE A, II. HOHAHTHTE Pesiome [Ilakunacknii TOBOp —TO rpanuvamuii c Jlarsuiickoit CCP roBop ceBepo3anajiHbix aykiuTaidTos. CaMbie XapakTepHble UepTbi 3TOrO TOBOpa —peTpakK ius ynapeHHs H COKpaumeHHe OKOHUaHHĖ. B JlanHOH CTATbe KHcCJIejyeTCA YjJapenHe H HHTOHALHA roBOpa. B maknHackoM roBope yjapeHHe TNepeHOCHTCA C OKOHUAHHA, HMEPIONIeTO KpaTKYIO HJIH BOCXOJSIYI0O HHTOHALHIO Ha KHauaJIO CJIOBA (aPkli-s ~ arklėjs, bala~bala, dé-vana~dovana). Ho B HeKoTOpbix CJyuasix yjapeHHe NepeHoCHTCS TAaKXE C OKOHUAHHS, HMEIOLIETO HHCXONAMYIO HHTOHALHIO (dd-bilarm~ dobilam), HJIH c cepenuHsl CJIOBA (girkančeimo Girkafi¢iai, kdėpure-—kepūrė, apsisuko~apsisuko). Whore npn nepeHoce yjaapeHHs Ha CTapOM MeCTe oOcCTAIONNASICHA ero 4acThb oOpa3yer noboynoe yjaapenue. Ho, Kak mpaBu/io, Takue NOOOYHbIE yAapeHHS B FOBOpe MOSBJSAIOTCH JIHINb (DaKyJbTaTHBHO. B rosope MOXXHO npoc/ieiuTh [Ba Tana perpaKuHH YAapeHHsi, He CUHTAS BCEX TeX HeHODpMAJIbHbIX C/yyaeB MePeHOCa YJApeHHA, KOTOpbie HMEIOT MecTo B rosope ceroinsl. CHauana yjapeHHe NEPEHOCHJOCH C KPAaTKHX OKOHUAHHĖ Ha MNpeAblAyIUd NOJITHAĖ CJIOT (dusis~ausis, agiiona~aguona), IlocJie storo peTpakius NpOH3OlLuUJIA H B OCTAJIbHhIX CJIyuasix (dkis~akis, éfi's~eZys, skrizdé*lé*~skruzdél&, ve lai~vélai). OrnocutesibHO (PaKTOpoB, OOYCJOBJHBABIIMX PETPAKIHIO yJapeHHs, aBTOp CTaTbH COrJiallaeTcsl C MHEHHEM TeX HCCJIefloBaTeliell, KOTopble TAKHMH (PakTOpaMH CYMTAIOT PEeAYKIHIO OKOHYAHHH HM, OT 4YacTH, BJHSIHHE WHOCTPAHHOIO si3biKa. B cJIOBOCJIOXEHHAX HJIH B OTAEJNBHBIX TpaMMATHUeCKHX (opMax CJIOB Ormpe/le- /IeHHOr0 THNa B CJIOTaX, CTOSILHX MOCJe CJiora, HMEIOMmero OCHOBHOE 9, Language questions II, 129 ynapenHe, BO3HHKaeT MOOOYHOE YyjapeHHue (dna'ma'tev angmet, bd'lt,d:jei~ baltajai, bd'lt,dva~béltavo). IlosiBJinue Takoro nodouHoro y/JapeHHS aBTOP NbITaeTCs OObACHHTb NefICTBHEM AHAJIOTHH HJIH OCOOEHHOCTSIMH 0OpasoBaHH CJIOXKHbIX CJIOB, Kpome ynapeHus cjioBa B CTaTbhe HCCJEAYeTCs H yAapeHHe NpelįJIOXKeHHS, YCTaHABJIMBAIOTCS OCOOGHHOCTH NPOKJIM3HCA, JHKJIH3HCA H JOrHYECKOro yjapeHHS B TOBOpE. B - I'm sorry. - I'm sorry. HMEIOTCH cJeyloliHe HHTOHAUHH: KpaTkas, BOC- . XOJISMAS, cpefHsis, HHCXOAAAs H, (aKyJbTaTHBHO 3ameHsIOlas HHCXOASuyio, mpepeiBrcTad. Tool OTHOWIEHHIO K JIBHKEHHIO r0Jioca HHTOHALMMH TOBOpa GJIHXKE K MHTOHALHAM JKEeMaHTCKHX TOBOPOB HexKeJIH K HHTOHALHAM TIOBOPOB ítero-3anajiHbix ayKIUTaiiToB. B crathe mpuBOAsSiTCA cJIygaH YynoTpeOJIeHHSA TOH HJIH JIPYroil HHTOHALIHH OCHOBHOTO HJIH MOOOYHOTO yJapeHHs, a TaKke H HHTOHAUMH Oe3yJapHBIX CJIOrOB, YyKa3biBaeTcsl CBSI3b HHTOHALHH I'm sorry, I'm sorry. C HHTOHALHEH The laws are agreed. B Konue cTaTbH jaercsi 0030p BCTpeuaioliuxcs B TOBOpe pasHbIX cJydaeB MeTaTOHHH, yKasbiBaeTcsl poOJ/b HHTOHALHH [I'm a 30-year-old woman.