Būtasis dažninis laikas šiaurės rytų žemaičių tarmėse

ti py ‘at’ our ‘with us’ Sg; pi jd'unėje žvalgū" lu'bės bū'tę ~ py "prie" jaunojo žvalgai “Gkvaizdai, ūkio perZifiréjimai’ liuobés būti Sg and so on. In the north-eastern Samogitian dialects, this verb not only has no lexical meaning anymore, but has become unstable, detached even from the category of verbs and has become only a purely morphological element of various past tense constructions. The personified present tense forms of the verb liuobéti for the past tense are rarely used in these dialects. Sometimes it happens that this fixed verb is accompanied by vague endings, e.g. lū'bau šioks kū'p nelabijjė' liūobau ~ $6ks "danced" like nelabieji "Crazy? Infringement; lrbaus puo th pén.kds kstofilos ~ pai.mdava liūobaus po penkios tūkstančiai paimdavo Uzv; li'bd'u vé'rpte nenuoriesma ~ lifibau veipti nenorésma ‘we didn’t reject’ Kntv; lidbei. I'm sorry, I'm sorry. Yeah. You're i" out. ~ You're (?) nibri liuobel gvaltū outprasysu "I'd ask? ‘that’ jail you get out ‘išeidavai’ nibre į ‘vakaruskas’ Krš kt. ir It may be assumed that li'bau is a remnant of a double person derived from liiobava, which has I already disappeared ir in the iš descriptive dialects (plg. "Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse!- ". You drink them. (used quite rarely) may have originated from the past participle form liuobéjo, when this verb began to depart from the category iš of verbs in the described dialects to become an auxiliary word. ir 1. The past tense in many Žemaičių dialects is made up of present tense iš forms (sometimes ir alone unchangeable /iuob) of ir the main verb. The rich past tense of this kind of verb has a strong descriptive function in the Viso dialect: it is ne widely used in the Papilė dialect and in the northern part of the Kuršėnai dialect (Kubilės, Nugūrės, Ozkénai, Pūkepšteniai, Pakšteliai, Smurgiai and other villages). ir Į south of In the dialects o of Kuršėnai, Šaukėnai, Užventis, Kaunatuva, Raudėnai, the past daZninis time has been lost. Thus, through the descriptive dialects there is a boundary between the Žemaičių dialektai (Akmenė, Mažeikiai, Papilė, Tirkšliai), which usually make the tų enriched past frequent tense in the communicative form liuobėti, and those, in which the functions of this past frequent tense are performed by iš the constructionsu ,,liuob + ir future tense“. The following is a list of the most frequently used: 1. Idubo (Idub) déute | joukteis ~ liūobu (liūob) dūoti, judkties 2. lpube (Ipub) doute | joukrteis ~ liūobi (liūob) dūoti, judkties 3. loub doute | jgukigis ~ litiob dūoti, judkties Plural I. loubam dāute | joukteis ~ liūobama dūoti, judkties loubar djute joukeeis liGobate duoti, judkties loub dour jGukeeis litiob dūoti, judkties From Zr. J. Aleksandravičius, Kretinga dialect verb. —„Scientific Works of the Vilnius State Pedagogical Institute (Lithuanian Language and Literature)“, 8, 113—115, Vilnius, 2. | ~ 3. | ~ 1959. 159 davo, nepravirkdydavo’ young Krš; umžina'telsi mikuols lū'p šūoksė's | šaii.ks par sa'pna | ka trudba sklei.sė's ~ amžinūtelsį Mikolas liūob šėksias ‘Sokdavosi’, šaūks ‘Kaukdavosi’ par sapną, kad troba skleisias "skleisdavosi' Krš; dgs. 1 person: doar lich dirpsma nū „adšruos lik sd'ulis lai duos ~ dvarė liūob dirbsma “dirbdavome’ nū aušrės lig saulės laidds Krš; kudl negirc | ruokū'smuos šnekiesmuos lūb ~ until heard, rokūosmos ‘repeating’, 3nekésmos litiob ‘$nekédavomés’ Krš; kad d.i.sam lpub i: grybas krėpšį je neparsené Sam | Zdoplas bū'sam ~ kad eisam liūob ‘we used to go’ to grybas, krėpšį je ‘if’ we didn’t parsinéSam ‘we didn’t parsinedavome’, žiėplos bfisam ‘we bled’ Pp; dgs. 2 person.: lų" pamelii ste ir ifbickste | ku jd'una trudbuo nulaiki'si ~ liūob pameltioste ‘you were pamelating’ and izbėgste ‘you were running away to pasture’: kuf jauną trobojė nulaikysi Kr; lpub abd.do mdsties kap velnd'itė" ~ litiob abudu mustés ‘muddavotés’ as velnūičiai Rdn and so on. In this case, the most commonly used is the no longer personalized form liuob (former present tense 3 person), but sometimes there are also personified forms, e.g.: li-bd'm krė.pę sodžuovi'nema so mėdomė somaiši'sma er tė'psma on dpunas ~ liūbama krūpę “rupūžę' sudžiovinsma ‘we dried it’, with medumi sumaišysma ‘we mixed it’ and tėpsma ‘we smeared it’ on the dune (such former medicines against the throat/Kntv; ka lpubam gra'isam | pė.se parapéjes gerdies ~ that we played for the parish ‘girdédavo’ Pp; I'm aš gonna burn you | uo ufi.c 3a kalus skd'ldi's ~ I liūobu kursu ‘built’ a shoot, and afis ‘he’ skaldys ‘broke’ the jackals Kr; licbam ai'sma vd'ndeni iš, vehruos sė'msma | uo dabar katié pd'rbieg ~ liūobama eisma ‘we used to go’, water from Ventds sémsma ‘we used to draw’ o dabaf ir katė parbėga (Venta followed) Krš and others. This means of expressing the past frequent time could have arisen only because in the future time it is possible to express an action that has been repeated many times in the past!3. In this sense, the future tense is widely used in many Lithuanian dialects ir Go, for example. : Those who had come to the tower would tell the Germans that the ropes were not so strong, and they would start to tell them that the tower was old, that it was ir necessary to support it first, to bring some instruments and ir some ropes, and then they would run away. CR II 199; The first ta mother will give, will give sermons, the father will curse from himself, will be proud ZR I 84; Thank you for giving kd me the chance to ir be with you. ~ ‘uzdédavo, uzdrébdavo’ urldas "cow, besarmate", you'll ir go ‘eidavai’ nés¢ nuléidusi Infringeon ment; Crale's er passing | up the stairs. cara ant ~ stalélio pasilips ‘uzlipdavo’ shout ir ‘He used to call’ that 3alifi cira years) (1905 Pp; #i'ndi'si pūondu va'ka dpus | tres désincénds žė'mes ~ Zndysi ‘killed’ pdnuo child, dios ‘gave’ three desincines decimal marks Kntv; tmeng a jouksé's šūoks gras} ka'p lelie | atminu, judksias ‘laukdavosi’, ~ ¥6ks ‘Sokdavo’, beautiful as a doll Rdn; srimsu stiūmsu tit: carriage | uo afi.s ne krūt ~ stumsu stumsu ‘pushing’ a carriage, afis krust tj o ne Sauk; šndpsa nabdva pasegé-rsem | kaféjes pi*kandas | toriesem šnapso ~ nebuvo: we’ll have ‘iSgerdavome’ coffee “kavos’, pykandos, ‘priekandos, uzkandos’ will have ‘turédavome’ Sg; md's very daifiuskininkes were funmes grépsme siena juogdama'si's | us ~ ‘we’ are very singers ‘dainininkės’ buvom: lifiksmios grébsme ‘grébdavome’ šičną judkdamiesi Sk ir kt To the future tense forms used in this way, it was only necessary to add, t. y. į insert the sentence, liuob, this kind ir of construction was created. 13 E.g., Malice, J. use of verb tenses. — Soviet School, 8, 27—30, 1958. Ę 3 wary 4 11, Language questions, IV ; 161