Kilmininkiniai lietuvių vietovardžiai

Ll ET UVB K KIASE B-O TY R OS" K LA US T M AL VI LTE PUNO SOT 'S RM O KTS LT UU" A KAT D E MT J A KILMININKINIAI LITHUANIAN PRONOUNS B. The purpose of this paper is to analyze linguistically! to identify one Lithuanian toponymy adjective type of adjective placenames, to determine the structure and semantic — specificity relationship with other structural-grammatical jų types of placenames. ir su To date, there is no structural-grammatical classification of the Baltic toponyms. S. Rospondo’s structural-grammatical classification of Slavic toponymy, as he himself believes, fits the Baltic toponymy*. It is clear that, if all structural-gramir matical and semantic types of Belarusian placenames were identified, the differences between the Belarusian Slavic toponym systems would be highlighted. ir Already a a priori it can be affirmed that individual structuralgrammatical types of place names are not equally common to Balts and Slavs. Much more diverse than in ir the Slavic, Baltic languages is the type of noble place names, which ir S. Rospondas calls,,z czlonem wyrozniajagcym dopelniaczu"?, in Baltic languages with a very lively name w noble (genetivus explicativus)!, which can be used to say every name of a place, noble place names were not even considered a separate constructive type, sometimes opinions were heard that noble place names are only the origins of the o name. We will not argue with this opinion su here, because noble place names in Baltic languages are an obvious fact that does not require any proof. ! The method of settlement history, which analyzed place names as "monuments of human geography" („the fossils de la geographie humaine"), as "sources of history" (,Geschichtsquelle”), now more and more space is given to purely linguistic research of place names, place names are seen primarily as rigid, specific grammatical semantic structures and, when analyzing them linguistically, Į based on structural-grammatical classification, distinguishing the constructive types of į some national toponymic system, after establishing the ir morphological stratigraphy of types, it is possible to trace the origin of the name. O tų ir jų history, chronology and geography. Such a linguistic analysis of the toponymic system of the now ethnically homogeneous area may be a good basis for the subsequent historical research of the area of that system. *Stanistaw Rospond, Structural and grammatical classification of Slavic geographical names, Wroclaw, 1957, p. 49. 3 Ibid., p. 48. *J, Jablonskis, Estonian national team t. I. Vilnius, 1957, p. 585. 235 The type of aristocratic place names, although not abundant in Lithuanian compared to other forms of place names, includes names of places of residence, water names, and geographical names, e.g. : a) names of places of residence: Laūko Soda k. (Žarėnai), Romdiniy Kaimėlė k. (Raudondvaris), Vaineikių Mėdsėdžiai (in Darbėnai); b) water names: Alsėdžių ežeras (Alsėdžiai), Drėvės ūpis (Linkuva), Mažrimo ūpė (Skuodas), Šilo ežeras (two sets); c) geographical names: Adomėlio lieknas (Biržai, Meilūnų k.), Asiū kalnelis (Šimonys), Asmino kdlnas (Plateliai)- ®. There are also a number of aristocratic place names in Latvian: Afigu purvs (35), Apinu hill (37), Dugas forest (234), Dufbes lake (240), Efidzelina manor (273), Gafidra lake (299), Gaura river (304), Swans village (337) Stream river (258)°. The Prussian language has also had noble place names: Sawlis-kresil (243), Gawsis-lauks (243), Tlokun-pelk (183), Treonkaymyn-weysigis "trium villarum pratum" (185)". As evidenced by the examples of the Prussian language, recorded in documents from the 13th and 14th centuries, noble place names have existed in the Baltic languages since ancient times. That this is not a new type of constructive toponymy can be confirmed by other Indo-European languages*. Toponomists have proven that the oldest layer of "slavy® and Germanic" toponymy are topographical (or physiographical) place names, derived from appellative terms, meaning various objects on the earth's surface, such as river, lake, swamp, swamp, slope, stream, depth, soil, gardens, courtyard, village, etc., or the physical-- geographical characteristics of these objects: deep, long, narrow, sluggish, viscous, wet... It should be noted that precisely such topographical terms are often the second component of noble place names: Paežeriū ėžeras (Vilkaviškis), Adomėlio lieknas (Biržai). Later, after topographical, other semantic types of place names were formed: cultural, ethnic, possessive, patronymic, product, diminutive. Structural- -grammatical stratigraphy of place names is much more complex than semantic stratigraphy, because any constructive type can have very different semantics (topographical, cultural, ethnic, possessive.- ..). Therefore, in general, when it comes to toponymy stra5 When writing the second component in uppercase and lowercase, the established rule of spelling is observed here, see. Dictionary of Lithuanian Grammar, Kaunas, 1948. J. Endzelins, Latvijas PSR vietvardi, I dala, 1. sējums, Riga, 1956 (Number in parentheses indicates page). 7 G. Gerulis, Die altpreussischen Ortsnamen, Berlin und Leipzig, 1922 (The number in parentheses indicates the page). 8 See. F. Solmsen. Indo-European Proper Names as a Mirror of Cultural History, Heidelberg, 1922, p. 67 ir W. Steinhause r. The Genetically-Determined Place-Names in Austria, Vienna and Leipzig, 1927. "Stanislaw Rospond, Structural and Grammatical Classification of Slavic Geographical Names, Wroclaw, 1957, p. 34; Wilhelm Schmidt, Deutsche Sprachkunde, Berlin, 1959, p. 236 tigraphy, it is not meant that which placename deposit has started and finished forming in a certain, only to it ir characteristic time period. In the stratigraphic sequence ar of structural semantic types, only the jų beginning of formation is determined. Once in the toponymic system, a type remains for a long time, incorporating all the structural diversity of place names. į To establish the stratigraphic order of noble place names is a very complicated matter, especially since they are far from being the creature of a single era of different semantics. ir ne If the oldest place names were noun-nominative, enriched diphthongs appeared in word groups o iš (including ir iš noble names), it must be assumed that noble place names, used later nominative, are nevertheless earlier possessive už compounds už (see section 4.4). p. 10, 11). Po In the case of nouns, ir there will be secondary-adjective place names, which are semantically ir related to nouns, because the first and second have an attributive meaning. su ir ir Adjectives could be made simply by appellatives, e.g. : iš Berža upl. (Baisogala) (: birch); Silia pv. (Pasvalys) (: shiel); Algae hedgehog. "The Real (: Names of ir iš People" (PDF). Muntileitis dummis (where the first component is a characteristic adjective, made of a personal iš Muntil", plg. Article 10 'Ayti ‘achyl (= "Achilles' Path". As we will see, noble ir place names are made real names of iš adjectives. ir iš According to the second component, adjective place names can be divided into two į semantic groups: metaphoricaland topographical. Metaphorical adjective placenames are composed of the adjective noun iš (second component) and the incoherent sign (first component), used in a figurative ir sense, e.g. : Willko China vs. Japan (Tverai), Tauro Laying "Part of Lake Suosa" (Published), Boolean Kakta pv. (Lūžgalių k., Klaipėda district). The second component is ir a topographical term, used in a topographical but already figurative meaning, e.g. : Lankos Laūkas k. (Plungė), Krokų Lanka hedgehog. (Šilutė), Mafigalo The Mountain vs. (Ravens), Wolf The Forest vs. (same). It seems that these names used to denote objects directly described by the jų topographical term, but when settlements were later established in these places, they were called by these ir names. Topographical place names have a first component of various origins; According to ir this, the following groups of place names can be distinguished: toponyms, anthroponyms, 3 adjectives. Pronoun-derived placenames are composed of a topographical term expressed by the predecessor of another placenameincompatible sign iš showing the local subordination of ir the object proximity to another to ar (here said place name originator) object. Ir by meaning these placenames can be called local, because the topo- '! All these places are grammatically constructed adjectives. ? Georg Gerullis, The Old Prussians Ortsnamen, Berlin un Leipzig, 1922 p. 244. L 237 mentioned uniqueness here consists of the indication of the location of the object, e.g. : Akmenių ežeras (Lazdijai) —“lake in Akmeniai”; "Alsėdžių ežeras (Plungė) —"Lake is in Alsėdžiai"". Sometimes such local names may have a possessive meaning if they denote the property of the whole village, e.g. : Jovaišių meadows (Leipalingis) —meadows belonging to Jovaišių village peasants. A special group of toponymic aristocratic place names consists of names of inhabited places, made from the names of other settlements and special terms for designating certain types of settlements, such as, for example, in Southern Lithuania —būda „small hut“, in Žemaitija —médsédziai „inhabitants living in the logging forest“ and so on, e.g. : Plaskūnų Buda (Krūnis), Klėriškių Bada (Žiežmariai), Daukšių Mėdsėdžiai (Mosėdis), Vaineikių Mėdsedžiai (Darbėnai), Befnatonių Kaimélé, Romdinių Kaimélé (<kdima „village“) (Raudondvaris), cf. the names of neighbouring villages: Plaskūnai, KIériškės, Vaineikiai, Daukšiai, Romdiniai, Befnatoniai. These names may have both local and possessive meanings, but this can only be determined by clarifying the genesis of each one. In anthroponymic adjective place names, the first component is the incompatible notation of the adjective person, e.g. : Adamelis slim (Birzai), cf. nickname Adamelis; Burba mountain (Varniai), cf. the surname (=pvd.) "Baukio ežeras (Užpaliai), plg. pvd". Baukys; "Seda", plg. pvd. Dermatitis; "Swede" (PDF). svd.se. Duda; "Gedmino ežerūlis (Alsėdžiai), plg. pvd". Gedmin; "Scout.com.au". scout.com.au. Mažrimas; "Lake Pavkūno ežeras (Alsėdžiai)". plg. pvd. Birds. Anthroponymous noble place names usually have a possessive meaning. The first component is the origin of the personal name (surname, nickname or, sometimes, name) of the former owner of their significant place, for example, the owners of Baūkio ežeras, Dūdės upelis have been Baukys and Duda. f Anthroponymous toponyms may also have a mem orial meaning, when a place is named after a person related to it. In such place names we have the same meaning of the personal name as in street names: Būgės gatvė, Kėstūčio gatvė. It is almost impossible to distinguish memorial place names from possessive ones without knowing the history of the place! Only in some of these place names, easily anticipating their genesis, we clearly perceive the memorial significance, e.g. : Birute mountain (Palanga), Gediminas mountain (Vilnius), Sveifito Jono river (Surviliškis). In the case of the first-person singular, the first-person plural is usually used to indicate the person of the first-person singular, which is usually the person of the first-person singular. Let us say, in the place name Liepų kalnas (Jonikaičių k., Pagėgiai) the originator indicates a characteristic feature of that mountain — it is covered with linden trees; Apyniū raitė (Skiemonys) grows a lot of hops; The river has many springs (=sources). In other appellative noble place names,'can also be seen as having a local meaning, e.g. : Daubės šaltinis (Budrikų k., Z. Naumiestis) —source which is in a dune; "Lake Kapū ėžeras (N. Radviliškis) —Lake esąs prie kapų". | 238 Other adjectives have a possessive meaning: the adjective in them indicates the affiliation of the place to the person called by the adjective according to his craft or some other characteristic, e.g. : Kūnigo river (Birštonas), Klebėno stream (Mosėdis). The possessive place names of the appellative nobleman are also difficult to distinguish from the memorial ones, because, say, the river of Kūnigas may be named so not because it flowed through the priest’s field, but because the priest is related to it in some other way. Of clearly memorial significance, for example, is Ūbago brasta (Čivonių k., Veisiejai) — a beggar drunk in it. After reviewing the constructive and semantic types of noble Lithuanian place names, they can be graphically represented as follows: According to II component Metaphorical Topographical According to II component ---According to I component Šiaip apeliaty-| Topographical || Place-name | Anthroponymic | Appellative via According to I comp. Pagal I komponentą og | g g k £ | 8 2 | 2 | 2 (zl. 1z2iE | = Aš Lo k = = = gE! 8 | E|3 2 2. = > 4 *i —|ai>)|iiū Z =. = > o 2 ——> o g 2 E43 g g E |5| 8 B|E 2 < atr 3 i £ = <| im |= = — 2 | 2 | x i g | 3 in g 2 | > = = A $ 8 3 8 a | S = = DV = = = 3 |S a ££! % | 3 [§[2|8!|C Šš lai ias ST TR RE Ui BREE = a 2 TEL 3 3) 3% will exit = <! o vo = 2 = FS Ni = I 3 3 R [| s&|& |S From such forms used equally next to each other, as Liepų kdlnas/Liepkalnis kl. (Jonikaičiai, Pagėgių r.), Laūko Soda/Laūksodis“ k. (Telšiai), it is clear that noble place names are becoming compound names, and this is not some sort of toponymic law, but a general tendency of word formation in Lithuanian language. 18 The form Laūksodis people say rarely, it is more common in official writings. 239 It is to be assumed that the noble word groups are prior to the enriched words of the same kind, cf. akies blyksny... (Margarita Theologica... per Simona Waischnorą... Karaliaucziuie, 1600, p. 185) and the present Lithuanian moment. ; The means of expressing dependence in the present Lithuanian language are quite diverse: the possessive genitive (genetivus possesivus), possessive adjectives (adjectiva possesiva) and possessive compound words. All these types of verbs are also found in place names: Šilo ėžeras (1. Pasvalys, 2. Dusetos), Šilinis ežeras (1. Dusetos, 2. Linkmenys), Šiležeris (Užpaliai)- '*; Adamo kdlnas (Darsūniškis), Adaminė pv. (Suvernų k., Kintai), Ademakalnis (Užpaliai). The forms Šilo ėžeras|Šilinis ežeras (Dusetos- ), Rikio ūpė/Rikinė up. (Karklininkų k., Klaipėda) used just next to each other suggest that the origin of the attribute is more likely to precede the characteristic adjectives (cf. the folk, song golden ring and the current language golden ring), here the noble place names will be preceded. Also, the Adémo mountain type placenames may be earlier than the Ad6 mountain type placenames. The opinion that enriched words are derived from groups of verbs or async words is quite convincing, especially in view of such facts of the history of the Lithuanian language, as the above-mentioned blink of an eye. ir instantaneous. In many cases, the noble placenames may also be the archetypes of some possessive noun names. The river Vaidčtas in the area of Tirkšliai is also called Boūgarynuct/Baugaryna in Sprūgis' dictionary, and the latter form could only have arisen from the noble river name *Vaidoto upė (or upis). For some time, apparently, both forms were used side by side —noble-compound and aggregate, because the current form Vaidotas next to the adjacent older Boūgarynuc+s can be explained only as a connounified elliptic noble. The same naming process is seen in the appellatives, where, for example, from the form trauk grass comes compositum traukgrass and the elliptiné form trauk." "The usage of the word "aristocracy" in other languages". In the Baltic languages, the adjective usually becomes a noun in the case of an ellipse: *Vaidoto upė> Vaidotas, or is incorporated into a compound word: Boiigarynucs. Place names of anthroponymic origin, i.e. possessive or memorial meaning, such as Daujotas up. (Gruzdžiai), Démantas up. (Varniai), Vaidminas up. (Laižuva), Vozgautas up. (Stačiūnai), are probably elliptic names of the property. Their naming could more or less have been determined by the analogy of use between the naming place names and the origin of their name, such as Palanga/Palangés city, Dubysa/Dubysos ūpė. 14 All three of these place names have a meaning of local affiliation. '5 P, Skardžius, Lithuanian language dictionaries, Vilnius, 1941, p. 400, 558. 164 W. Steinhauser, Die genetivischen Ortsnamen in Osterreich, Wien und Leipzig, 1927 and Stanislaw Rospond, Structural and Grammatical Classification of Slavic Geographical Names, Wroclaw, 1957, p. 48. 240 Clearly new are such noble place names as Paežeriu Lake (Vilkaviškis), Ažuožerių ežeras (Anykščiai), whose genesis can be described as follows: | až | &2 — 9 5 8 Lake > Paežeriai 3 Nz ~» PaeZeriij éZeras (place-name-topogra- > g = 0-2 phic term) > Ažto (e) lakes | 23 -> Ažiožerių Lake il EL: EEE The name of the locality is now Teberda. ir This is particularly true for microwaves. In summary, it can be said that in some cases the adjective place names precede the noun names; It is an old constructive type of toponymy of Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples, probably inherited from the Baltic už protolanguage. ne ir iš JIKTOBCKHE TEHETHBHbIE TOMNOHHMbI B. CABYKHHAC Pe3:ome B JiKHTOBCKOM, Kak H B ApYrHxX GaJTHHCKHX S3bIKAX, BCTpeuaeTCA reHeTHBHbIH THN OGpa30BaHHA TOMOHMMHYECKHX HasBauuil. HasBanus sTOro THA COCTOSAT M3 TOMOrpaMYecKOro TepMHHa H ONpeleJeHHs B POAHTEJbHOM najexe. TOT THI OXBATHIBAET H HA3BAHHS HACEJEHHBIX MECT, H THAPOHHMHIO, H MHKPOTOMOHHMHIO, Hamp. |. HasBanus was born: Laūko Soda (price); Vaineikių Honeysuckle (price); 2. Tuppounmus: Lake of Alsėdžiai (osepo), Mažrim River (pouxa); 3. Muporonomy: Adamelio lieknas (6oxnoro), Asiū kalnelis (screaming) ) p B GanTHiCKHX s3bIKAX 4acTO YNOTpeOJISETCS pOJKTEJIbHBIN onpejeJiHTe/IbHbiė Nagex (genetivus explicativus), KOTOpbIM MO2*KHO BbIipa3HTb JI!O60th ANNIVERSARY TONOHHMHUeCKOe Ha3BaHHe. Jlo CHX Mop Ha3BAHHS, ynorpeb/sieMble B pOJIKTEJIbHOM ONpeJejIKTEJIbHOM I'm sorry, He I'm sorry. JIHCb OT TeHeTHBHbIX Ha3BaHHH. B paG6oTe cTpyKTypHO H CeMaHTHYECKH PaccMaTpHBAIOTCS reHeTHBHbIe TONOHHMBI (see: T. T.) H HX CBS3H C ApPYTHMH CTpyKTYpHbIMH THIIAMH JIHTOBCKONH ToomoHuMuu. Sister. CcCBHAETEJIbCTBYTE CJIaBSHCKAsi H repMaHCKasi TONOHOMACTHKA, CAMbIM JpeBHHM CJIOEM TONOHHMHH SBJISIOTCA TONOrpadHueckHe Ha3BaHHA, BO3HHKIIHE H3 HapHUATEJIbHbIX TEDMHHOB INS O603HAUCHHA reorpadHuUeCKHX OGBHEKTOB HJIH H3 16. Language questions VI. 241 npHJIaraTeJIbHbIX, 0603HAYABLINX CNenheFueckHe UepTbi 3ITHX OGbekKTOB. 3necb Hano 3aMeTHTb, YTO TaKHe Toner Path HueckHe TEPMHHBI 4YacTO BblCTYNaloT BTOpbIMH COMIMOHEHTaMH B I. T., Hanp. : The Lake. 3naunT, T. T. ABJASIOTCS SUBMISSION TONOTrpad)HuecKHMH TONOHHMAMH, JĮeTepMONTH KOTODbIX pa3JiHuKHa NO ceMaHTHKe, OTHOCSHLILefNCA He K OJIHOMY BpeMeHn. Brightness Tr. T. TPYAHO YycTAaHOBHTb CTPaTHrpaHYecKylo. night/ieaoBaTeJIbHOCTbh. IloToMy, collect rOBOPHTbCSI O TONOHHMHUYECKOH CTpaTHrpaduu, He CJejayeT NOHHMATb, YTO TOT WJM HHOH C/OH TONOHHMHH CJOXHJICA TOJIbKO B OJMH, XapaKTepHblii JIHINb JIS Hero, nephew. B crpaturpaguueckom PSY CTPYKTYPHBIX H CEMaHTHUECKHX THIOB OMNpe/e]sieTcs JHUIb BO3HHKHOBeHHe THA. Ec/iH HOMHHATHBHbIE HAa3BAHHS SBJASIOTCS AMENDMENT JAPEBHHMH, a CJIO2KHble-ABYXOCHOBbIe BO3HHKAIOT H3 TPynm CJIOB (Take TeHETHBHBIX), TO MOJKHO IIOJIAaraTb, UTO T. T. BOLIJIH B ynorpe6/eHHe M03Ke HOMHHATHBHBIX, paHblie HO CJIOXXHbLIX. [To3)Ke HOMHHATHBHbIX, HO paHblle CJIOXHbIX, OOpa30BaJHCh BTOPHYHBIC-abEKTHBHbIE Ha3BaHHA. DTH TONOHHMbI THNa TpPHnaraTeJIbHbiX CeMAHTHUeCKH CBSI3aHbl C 10th of July, HGO o6a Tuna Cojlepikar onpejneJiuTeJibHOe 3HauHHe. Sister. HasBaHHsl THMa MPHJIAraTe/bHbIX 6biBalOT 06pa30BaHbi OT HapHHATeJIbHbIX caoB Silia (nyr), BerZia (feuka), Algae (o3epo) Hu coGcrBeHHbix Men (ap. e.g. Muntileitis dummis), Tax H r. T. 06pa3yioTess H OT HAPHUATENbHBIX, H OT COOCTBEHHBIX HMEH. I. T. no BTOPpOMY COMMOHEHTYy MOTryT ObiTb pasje/ieHbl Ha JABe rpymnel: Mmetadopuueckne u tonorpadunueckue (pusnorpadpuueCKHe). MetadopuuecKHe r. T. cOCTOAT H3 Mrs. Tadopuueckn ynorpedJseMOTO HOMEPAGE HADpHIHATEJIbHbIX CJIOB (II koMmoHeHT) H U3 J06Reserve gold THBA, 'BbicTynalomer OnpenejienHeM, Hanp. : Vilko Kinis (xyrop), Boolean Kakta (nyr). Ciofia OTHOCATCS H TaKHe You. T., BTOpOH COMIOHEHT KOTODbIX her SIBJIAercsi TOnorpadHuuecKHM, HO VxXe MeradopHYUecKH YNoTpeOJI5eMbIM TepMHHoM, Hanp. : Lankės Laūkas (price), Kraków Lanka (o3epo). TexerHBHbie TONOHHMbI C TONOrpaÉd)HuecKHM TMEPBHIM COMIOHEHTOM MOryT OBITb PAas3JIHUHOTO IPOHCXOXKJIEHHA H 3HAaUeHHS; B COOTBETCTBHH C STHM OHH pa3/leJisiOTCSA HA TONMOHHMHYECKHE, aHTpONOHHMHAUECKHEe H aneJJiiTHBHBIE. B Ma aaa T. T. NEPBbIM COMIOHEHTOM CJIyY>KHT TeHeTHBHOC onpejejieKHe, KoTopoe 0003HAYAET JIOKAJIbHYIO CyGOPAHHALMIO HJIH JiokaJibHyl0 OJik30CTb MecTa. [10 3HaueHHIO Mbi HA3bIBAeM HX JIOKAJbHBIMH, HOO TONOHHMHYECKAs JeTepMHHALWsl Bblpakaercs 3jeChb yKa3dHHeM MecTa HaXoxjaenus; Hanp.. Akmenii €Zeros ‘o03epo, KOTOpPOe HAXOAHTCH B Yeah, yeah. He Akmeenians. | Takue Ha3BaHHA MOTYT MMeTb H NpPHTANKaTeJbHOe 3HaueHHe, eCiiH OHH 0603HauAIOT KOJJIEKTHBHYIO COGCTBEHHOCTb, HANDp. : Jovaisiy in the meadows «mnyra, npHHaJŪIexAaBINHe KpecTbsKHaM price Jovaišiaiv. Oco6ennyio rpynmy r. T. NPEACTABJAAIOT Ha3BaHHS HACEJCHHBIX MyHKTOB, COCTABJIEHHBIE H3 HA3BAHHS CMEXHBIX HACEJEHHBIX MECT H H3 TEPMHHOB, 242 0603HaualOlLHX HacejieHHbIe MecTa OcOGoro Tuna, Hanp. : Daukšių Mėdsėdžiai «Bbice/iknu. aepesun Daukšiai», Romainių Kaimėlė «pepeBymka otAeJmuBurasics OT gepeBHu Romadiniai- ». B ToOnoHHMHUEeCKHX I. T. HeBO3MO*- XkHO pa3/IKUKT NpHTIKATe/bHOe H JIOKAJIbHOe 3HaUeHHe 6e3 3HAHHH HCTOpHH MecTa. i B aHTPONMOHMMHYECKHX T. T. MEPBbIM KOMIOHEHTOM CJIYXHT POJIKTĖJIbHB majex JHYHOro cOGcTBeHHOro HMeHH, Hanp. : The river of the collector «peuka Ilspkuuruca>; cp. damunuio Derkifitis. Uamie Bcero 3TH Ha3BaHHA HMEIOT pUTAXKaTeNbHOe 3HaueHHe. HHorja OHH GbiBAlOT MeMODpHAaJIbHOTO 3HayeHouse (Hanp. : Mount Birutė ‘clothes Bupyre>); I'm sorry, I'm sorry. TOorjna HMeer TaKOe Xe 3HaueHHe, Kak, CKaxXeM, B Ha3BaHHsAX yJaun (K. Būgos gatvė “young K. Byru"). B aneansiTUBHBIX I. T. NEPBBIM COMMOHEHTOM CJAYXHT YOU'RE GOING TOHblH Majex HapHUATeJbHBIX HMEH ualle BCETO B (YHKUHH oOnpejeeHHs, ~wanp. : Mount of Olives «clothes, Ha KOTOpoii pacTyT Jumbl". B HeKoTOpHIX I. T. MOXKHO pacrno3HaTh Ha3BAHHS JNOKAaJbHOTO 3HauyeHusi, Hanp.. The source of the dam ‘poAHNK "HaxomsumuiiB cs ospare". JIpyrue ameJuISITHBHbIE T. T. HMEIOT TPHTAXKAaTeJbHOE 3HAaUeHHe: POJAHTENbHBIH I. B HHX and JJsiTHBHO 0603HauaeT JMO, KOTOPOMY NnpHHA/ŪIēxKAaJIio Mmecto, Hanp. : Bony updle "small" Kcenasa". five HMCTOpHUECKHX JAHHbIX O MECTHOCTH B 3THX TOMOHHMAX HEBO3MOXKHO Dpa3JIH4UHTb MPHTSKATENbHOE HW MEMOpHaJbHOe 3Hayenne. MemopuasibHoe 3HaueHHe siBHO BHAKMO B Hassauun Ubago brasta “GPO HHILET0», HGO H3BECTHO, YTO TaM VTOHYJI HHULIHH. O6a cpencrBa BbIpaXKeHHsi NpHTSKATEJIbHOCTH B JIHTOBCKOM SI3BIKE — I'm sorry, I'm sorry. (genetivus possessivis) H npuskarenbHble mpuJaratesbhble (adjective possessive) — Bcrpeualorcs H B TONOHHmike (Mount Ademo ‘clothes Anama», Adominé ‘ayr Anama"). TlparaXATEJIbHOCTb, KaK B ane/VIsiTHBAX, Tak H B TONOHHMAX, BHIPAXKaeTcs TaKXKE H CJIOXHbIMH HMeHAaMH, Hanp. Adémakalnis ‘clothes "Anama". CymecrBoBanHe JBOHHbIX OOpM aa O603HaueHHa TOTO Ke OGbekTA (Shilo eZeras/Silinis, Rikio ūpė|Rikinė) no3BonseT nonaraTb, uTO npHTSDKATeJIbHbIe NNIpHJiaraTeJIbHbIe TIOSIBJIAIOTCA 31eCh no3jiHee, cp. Dux ring B A gold ring with a diamond H in the middle. B Takne r. 1., kak Mount Adam ckopee Bcero crapiie CJIOXkHBIX HA3BAHui Tana Advancement. O6 sroM Ke CBHHETEJIbCTBYIOT AnNejiiATHBBI: B ‘Margarita Theologica" (1600) mY I don't have to blink my eyes, a B coBpēMeHHOM $13bikKe — instantly. Bo MHorHx cayuasix r. T. MOryT GBT apXeTHmaMH JŲISI HEKOTOPbIX HOMHHATHBHBIX Ha3BaHHH MPHTAXKATENBHOro 3HayeHuss. Takuwe r. T. SBHO aHTPOMOHHMHYECKOTO NPOHCXOXKAEHHS, H MeMODpHAJIbHOTO JIKGO NpHTSXKATeJIbHOTO 3HAYEHHS; OHH SABJSIOTCS HOMHHATHBH3HPOBAHHBIMH 3JIJIHNTHYECKHMH IMPRESSIONIST, Hamp. : HasBauua pek Daujotas, Vézgautas, Diamantas. T. T. B HEKOTOPHIX CJlyuasix ApeBHEe HOMHHATHBHBIX. OHH SBJASIOTCH B JIHTOBCKOM, KaK H B APYrHX Ga/iTHHCKHX S3bIKAX, APEBHHM OOpa30BaTeJILHBIM THOM TONOHHMHH, KOTOPBI MOXKeT ObiTh yHacJeaoBaH elie OT GajTHHCKOTO npassblka. ’ 243