Šešupės ir Jiesios intakai

FEET UV IY KALBOTYROS 'CLAUSITMAL VI BEET UV OS" TSR MOK SLY ACADEMY SESUPES IR Jesus INTAKAI J. SENKUS I. Overview of names from the point of view of linguistics Šešupė ir They are left-haniš ded. į Nemunas, the first — near Horn, second — right Shame. The sixth is the outermost part of the upper body, the second ir is the lower part of the body, and o the fourth — is the lower part of the body. Šešupės jų ir As with many ir other languages, there is a number of dialects of the language that are widely spoken. Many of these iš names are quite old — of Baltic or even Indo-European origin. Of the more interesting or older river names of the Šešupe and Jiesia basins, e.g. : Aista, Gazda, Jotija, Jūrė, Keklys, Kirsna, Neva, Orija, Penta, Pilvė, Sasnė, Sūduonia (Sūdučnė), Šeimenėa, Vilkauja etc. ir These names include Šešūpė and Jiesia. The above and similar river names, written in various ways, are also found in old documents, scientific works, dictionaries and elsewhere. For example, the name of Šešupė is found in „Scriptores rerum Prussicarum” III vol., 189, p. 274. written twice, namely: Szeszupe and Suppe. In 1422 Vytautas wrote: "fluvium Schrevinta (hereinafter there is written Schirwynta —J. S.) intrat in fluvium Schisschuppa!". J. Sprogis on page 332 of the "XVIth century ancient Samogitian geographical dictionary" writes Illenmryna and refers to the name of the stream [eryms, whose nest again repeats the name Illenrynsa*". According to R. Šmitlein, in inventories Šešupė is written several times, namely: Šešupa, Šesupa, Sesupa, Šešuv i Sesuv. Based on the latter form, Schmitlein believes that the former name of Šešupė was B. A. Boartep, Cnucku HacejienHbix MecrT CyBajikckofi ryGepaiū, Caxkrne1901, p. 4. rep6ypr, and that the name of Šešupė is derived from the former name of the village. We will try to do more of this in the future. ? See. H. Sl. Cnpornc, eorpaduueckuit crosaps ApeBHei xeMmofiTckoit seman XVI cToJIeTHA, Burba, Why 1888. Explosion puts a six-legged in one nest in su Šėtupe The ir right-hand side of the left-hand — side of ar the left-hand side is — not visible. 213- be *Šešuva“- *, It is a pity that the author does not indicate in which inventories the current name of Šešupė is written differently. It is suspected that Schmitlein does not confuse the name of this river with other rivers, and therefore the interpretation itself seems not very reliable. | ; K. Būga often mentions and relies on river names, especially the old ones, in his works. There is no evidence of any of the 6 or 10-foot-long skeletons. For example, he writes: "Using the comparative method, linguists will probably find a whole series of river names that will have to be recognized as inherited from the Indo-European protolanguage. Such names, it seems to me, can be considered..liet. Nova"*. It should be emphasized that such particularly old Baltic or Indo-European names are considered by linguists to be those mentioned above: Jūrė, Keklys, Kirsna, Orija, Penta, Siesartis, Šeimena, Šešūpė, Vilkauja and others.” For example, the root Siesartie is related to the ancient Indian sisarti "it flows, it runs"®, Kirsna — with the ancient Prussian word kirsnan "black", Sasna — with the word sasnis or sasnas, meaning "hares" in the ancient Prussian language, and Keklys is recognized as a remnant of the Kurian language. The latter name may be identical with the name of the north-western Samogitian old region, written in two sources: Ceclis and Cecklis, whose root is believed to be kek-(cf. kėkė, kėkulas, gniutulas, gumulas", kekta "group, crowd, kekė") and has counterparts in other Indo-European languages." Some of the above mentioned river names are common roots with other names. For example, Sūduonia is probably indistinguishable from the name Sūduvė. -The name of the Nova river, as we know, is associated with the name of the Zanavyk dialect, and the name of the Jotiya river, perhaps, is associated with the name jétvingiy (jotvingy- ). K. Būga indicates that jotvingas is a derivative word of the main name (surname) *Jotva, and the name of the river Jotva is not distinguishable from the surname Jotijė." It is known that many names of residential places are derived from river names. Many of these names are derived from the names of the tributaries of the Šešupe or Jiesia. That this is indeed the case, we can see by comparing, for example, the following names of places of residence with river names: (a) the subdistricts: Alksnėnai —Alksnė, Gulbinai and Gulbiniškiai — Gulbinas, Pilviškiai —Pilvė, Pentiškiai —Penta, Sasnava —Sasnė, Vilkaviškis —Vilkauja; b) prepositional names, particularly numerous with the prefix pa-: Pajevonys —Jevonis, Pajiesys —Jiesia, Parausiai —Raūsvė, Pasuduonys —Suduonia, Pašeimeniai —Seimend; c) from river names te3 See. R. Schmittlein, Etudes sur la nationalitė des Aestii, vol. 1, Toponymie lituanienne, Hofstetten (Baden), 1948, pp. 114-115. * See K. Būga, River Names Studies and Estonian and Slavonic Antiquity, "Tauta ir žodis", kn. I, Kaunas, 1923, p. 14. 5 See K. Būga, min. darbas, pp. 17 et seq., R. Schmittlein, min. darbas, pp. 101, 109; 112, 114, 125, 127 et seq. 4 Plg, P. Skardžius, Lithuanian Language Wordmaking, Vilnius, 1941, p. 24. 7 Plg. K. Būga, Lithuanian Language Dictionary, ed. II, Kaunas, 1924, p. LXX and LXXIII. % Plg. K. Būga, Lithuanian settlement in modern-day Lithuania, "Tauta ir žodis", kn. II, Kaunas, 1924, p. 12; V. Grinaveckis, On the origin of some place names, „Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai“, t. III, Vilnius, 1960, p. 322, 323, 9 Zr. K. Būga, Lithuanian Language Dictionary, sas. II, p. LXXXVIII, differing by stem or not differing from them in any way "residential place names: Gazdai —Gazda, Jūrė —Jūrė, Krosna —Krosna, Slavantė, Šlavančiai —Slavanta, Višakis —Višakis". Some of them are quite interesting, although not always easily explained. Among the more interesti214 ng double-stemmed river names are: Aukspirta, Klūsgiris, Leimantas, Mefičtrakis, Mergūtrakė, Novaraistis, Sénšešupė, Sufmiškis and others. Some of them are very strange, for example. : Striufigiabrūzis, Strumbagalvė., There are also such river nicknames as Višakis, which may seem to some people to be bivalves. Therefore, further analysis is needed in this case. K. Būga compares Višakis with Merštakis (a tributary of the Lielupe river near Žeimelis), Smalakis and Varlakis (Varlakys “a stream in the vicinity of Betygala”); he, for example, says that “the name of the river Smalakis is no different in its composition from the name of the river Višakis in the land of Suvalkai”! and that „Varlakis in its composition is no different from other river names with the ending -akis"'?. The word "aquatic" is derived from the Latin aqua, which means "water" and "aqua" which means "water". Perhaps most of the names of the tributaries of the Šešupė and Jiesia are those whose first syllables are the roots of various common words or (rarely) personal names, and the second —upė, upis (river), upa, upelis (upélis, upaitis), e.g. : Akmenupis (Akmenūpis), Bdltupis, Baftupė, Dainupis, Eglupis, Gėdupelis, Gédupis (Gedupys), Girnupėlis, Jotupis, Jūodupė, Jūodupelis, Kriokupys, Kumpupditis, Lankupa, Molupys, Nėnupė, Ozkupys, Skriaūdupis, Sveiitupė, Vilkupis (Vilkupys) and others. There are about 150 such river names in the Šešupe and Jiesia basins. Most of them are in the Zanavyki region. There are more than 10 different names for the river. The following are worth mentioning: Alksnupis (i.e. Elksnupis), Bėržupis, Burliokupis, Kaféupis, Mėockupis, Poškupis, R6gupis, Sparvinupis, Silupé, Tamėšupis, Vinkšnupys. The same is true for other parts of the territory of the Lithuanian SSR. Of these two-stemmed tributaries of Šešupe and Jiesia, some of the rivers with the same name are several streams, 10 Plg, IO. BaAbuuHKkoHHnc, Ha3BaHHs AHTOBCKHX HaCeAeHHbhiIX ITyHKTOB OT Ha3BaHHėŪ pek u o3ep, „Lingua Posnaniensis“, vol. 7, Poznan, 1959, pp. 240—252. There are a number of names of places of residence, which should be very carefully compared with river names of a similar root, for example, in the Kazlų Rūda district, in the vicinity of Ąžuolų Būda, the village name Pefitupiai may not have come from Pentds, firstly, because there is no stream called Penta in that district now (Pefitos is only in the Šakiai district, about 40 km from Pentupiai), secondly, Pentupiai may have phonetically originated from Penkupiai, because in fact there are five small streams close to each other in that area. However, this interpretation is similar to the folk etymology, and it is to be assumed that Penkupiai originated in a different way: for example, one of those five small streams could have been called Pentupe, from which Pentupiai could have originated. 1 See, K. Būga, Studies of River Names and the Antiquity of Estonians and Slavs, "Tauta ir žodis", vol. I, p. 37 12 See. K. Būga, ibid., p. 43, also cf. p. 14. 13 See, P. Skardžius, Lithuanian word formation, e.g. : p. 125. 215 Bėržupis, Kiaūlupė, Rūdupis are 3 each, Jūodupė, Mėckupis —po 4, Vilkupis (Vilkupys) —5'*, The first dot of these compound names is more interesting; besides, the variations of the second stem are also interesting'*, and especially the stem of the upa (Lankupa) stem. It may be assumed that these enriched river names are not very old, rather, there is no old second spot here. That this could really be the case, at least in part, can be deduced from the example of Šešupė mentioned at the beginning, whose old form, perhaps, is the former Šešuva. There are relatively few suffixes made up of words, i.e. compound suffixes — we could only mention the following: Barčių upėlis, Barsukyno upėlis, Mažėji Aukspirta, Palaičių upėlis, Pauk3tyniy upėlis, Strepetinės upėlis. Such river names are not old. There are also some smaller ones in other parts of the Lithuanian SSR. In Lithuania, there are a little more names of lakes of aristocratic origin. The most commonly used phrases that are used to describe the first-person perspective are: I'm a little bit stupid. There are only a few prefixes among the tributaries of the Šešupe or Jiesia. More clear and frequent prepositional adverbs are only with the prefix pa-, e.g. : Pabališkis, Pagraužys, Pūšiekštupis. With other prefixes, except for the only two names with atir after-, namely: Atsliété, Ūžupis, there seem to be no river names in this region. ; The name Antupelis, although pronounced strongly, but, perhaps, is a two-root, similar to, for example, Ančiupis. Separately mentioned are the prepositional river names. Of the consonant suffixes in the names of the tributaries of Šešupė and Jiesia, the following are noteworthy: -ij a (Jotija, Orija, Reketija), -eika (Judrėika), -eikis (Brideikis), -ukas, -uk é (Jiesiūkė, Judriūkė, Lembūdūkas, Trumpūkas, Žąsinūkas- ), -iškis, -iškė (Advefniškė, Bagdžiškė, Dūdiškis, Kiaūliškė, Pabališkis- ), -klė (Kafklė), -1ys (Krioklys), -elis, -elė (Graižėlis, Novėlė, Žarstėlė, Zelsvėlė), -ėlis (Ežerėlis, Šešupėlis), -amas (Détamas), -imas (Lydimas), -ena (Bambenė), -mena (Seimend), -inis, -iné (Eglinis, Dovinė, Kermušinis, Meškinis, Meškinė, Plaušinė, Stirninė, Stumbrinė, Sūrinis, Vilktinis, Žagarinis), -in as (Gulbinas), -ynas, -y nė (Kermušynas, Kliokynė, Rūškynas), -ona (Liepona), -onis, -uonyYs (Jevonis, Girmuonys), -rė (Jūdrė), -orė (Kalnėrė), -sė (Bdlsé), -aša (Lašašė), -ytė (Vasakytė- ), -otas (Laukščiotas), -utė (Pentūtė), -anta (Slavanta), -antė (Kregždafitė), -ai tis (Keklditis, Kumpupditis, Nopaitis), -(s)vė Raūsvė), -uva (Valčiuva). There are also names of the same root with a minor suffix, namely: Jiesia and Jiesiūkė, Jūdrė and Judriūkė, Keklys and Keklditis, Nova and Novėlė, Penta and Pentūtė, Šešūpė and Šešupėlis. 14 Of course, there are also repeated adverbs of other kinds, e.g. : Gulbinas, Orija, Penta, Rūdė. 15 Often even the same stream has two adjacent forms of the second accent: the same genus, but different stem vowels, or different genera, e.g. : Gėdupis and Gedup¥s, Ožkupis and Ožkupys, Skriaūdupė and Skriaūdupis. 216 These are only some of the more typical names of the tributaries of the Šešupe and Jiesia. Of course, there are also river nicknames, e.g. : Amalvė, Šeimenė, whose suffix is rare or may be differently understood and interpreted. Some sources also include Pentale, the right tributary of Penta II, which flows into Peifita I, which flows into Nova, a tributary of S. We know that the suffix -alé, except for the noun mobile words, e.g. dreiskūlius, -ė, is Žemaičių. Therefore, the Zanavyk river name Pentalė, if there is no proofreading error, may be an interesting linguistic fact, showing the remains of the former closeness of the Žemaičių and Zanavyk dialects. It should be mentioned separately the suffix -(i)utis of the river name Smailiūtis of the Kapsai (Pajevonys), which has no equivalents in common words in this region. I haven't heard her here in names either. ; It should be noted that with very few exceptions, the roots and suffixes of the Šešupės and Jiesio basins are Lithuanian or BaltiSkas. New names of foreign origin or their constituent elements only occur one after another and this is only usually to call a small or little known river, e.g. : Brazamėskas, Brokinis, Reketka (ret.) near Reketija, Utelinka. As already mentioned, some of the river names in this area are of Indo-European origin, although the etymology of some, such as Šeimenos, can be interpreted differently." There are also many more of recent origin. These are perhaps mainly the above-mentioned two-rooted adverbs with the second accent -up-. Many of the names of rivers and streams in the Šešupė and Jiesia basins are related in their meaning or origin to various riverbed, shore or water characteristics, according to which people have named these rivers in one way or another. These properties and characteristics and the river names named after them are, for example, : a) water colour: Jūodupė, Jūodupis, Raudenyčia, Raūsvė, Rūdė, Skaistis; Kirsna, which in the ancient Prussian language meant "Judea, Judea"; b) river (water) current and flow — flowing way: Jūdrė, Judriūkė, Graužė, Graūžupis, Krioklys, Kriokupys; c) the size, depth or, in general, the shape of the river: Didupis, Ežerėlis, Prūdupelis, Smailiūtis, Trumpūkas; d) riverbed: Akmėnupis, GeleZynupis, Geležūpis, Klampupis, Mole, Molupys, Pufvė, Rūdupis, Žvirgždė, Žvirgždūkas; e) water temperature: Sd column. Of course, these characteristics, for example, the color of the water, can also depend on the riverbed, and thus the emergence of river names from the characteristics mentioned here can sometimes not be strictly associated with one of them, for example, the river name 16 Pyz, see M. Lasinskas, J. Macevičius and J. Jablonskis, Lietuvos TSR upių kadastras, d. 1, Vilnius, 1959, p. 188. There are also many names in this publication that do not correspond to the data of modern folk language, for example, Rokupė. 17 Zr. Die altpreussischen Ortsnamen gesammelt und sprachlich behandelt von G. Gerullis, Berlin und Leipzig, 1922, p. 251; P. Skardžius, Lietuvių kalbos žodžių daryba, p. 233; A, Vanagas, Akmena, Lašmuo ir kiti panašios darybos upėvardžiai, „Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai- “, t. 4, Vilnius, 1961. 217 We could relate the appearance of Rūdupis not only to the characteristics of its bottom, but also to the color of the water, Geležynupis, Geležūpis — not only to the river bottom, but also to the water temperature, or, for example, the river names Krioklys, Kriokupys are considered phonological, inextricably related to the current and flow strength. ę There are also many river names derived from various trees, as well as names of plants, birds, beasts, animals, fish, insects and other living things, e.g. : (a) trees: alder, birch, fir, eagle, cackle, linden, obelisk, usupelis, vinkšnupys; (b) plant: Miézbalé, Rászkóny, Moss, Zöldupis; (c) of birds: Anchovy, Black-throated Gull, Black-throated Gull, Black-throated Gull, Black-throated Gull, Black-throated Gull, Black-throated Gull; d) animals and wildlife: Aviniškė, Barsukynas, Briedupis, Kiaulyčia, Kiaūliškė, Kiaūlupė, Kumėlupis, Meškinė, Ožkupys, Ožupis, Ožupelis, Stirninė, Stumbrinė, Šėrnupis, Udrupis, Udrupys, Vilkupis, Véverupelis; (e) insects and other living things: Fleas, Diptera, Warblers, Veps. Regarding the origin of the name of the river and stream, which is related to the physical or other characteristics of the river and stream, it should be said that there may be rivers and streams whose meaning of the name today may not correspond to their physical or similar reality or even completely contradict it, for example, the tributaries of the Nova and Pilva Didupis and Didžupis are completely small streams. Or, for example, Blūsupis is probably called so because it is small. There are tributaries of the Šešupė and Jiesia, which have also received names from personal names (usually surnames) or names of places of residence (villages, etc.), e.g. : Mėckupis, Prafickupis, Švedupys, Tamėošupis. From these few examples we can already see that they are diphthongs, with the root upin the second sandu. This is the most common form of the disease, and it is probably not contagious. It should be emphasized that there are about 50 names of rivers in the Šešupės and Jiesia basins that do not occur in other places of the Lithuanian SSR or among the names of tributaries of other basins. We will list the most important and most important of them here, namely: Aista, Aukspirta, Dovinė, Gazda, Yglė, Jevonis, Jotija, Jotupis, Keklys, Keklditis, Krosna, Laukséiotas, Neénupé, Nova, Novélé, Pdikis, Penta, Pentuté, Pilvė, Sasna, Suduonia, Sedvyga, Seimena, Siulé, Tūrupis, Vafidupé, Vasakyté, Viemuonia, Višakis, Zarstéle. We could also add the only river names of the Lithuanian SSR that are more interesting in terms of their origin, such as Vabalkšnė, Vilkaujė, although their roots may be repeated in other toponyms. Of the less interesting river names, we should mention the person-named river names of the Šešupės basin, such as: Milupė, Noreikupė, Tamddupis and others, which also do not occur anywhere else. Another large group of river names are those that are used not only for tributaries of the Šešupe and Jiesia basins, but also for tributaries of other rivers of the Lithuanian SSR. Of these river names that repeat themselves in the territory of the Lithuanian SSR, two, three or more are more interesting, for example: Bdlsé, Gulbinas, Jūdrė, Jūrė (: Jūra -—Tauragės raj.), Jūodupė, Orija, Siesartis, Šaltupis, Širvinta, Sveiit218 "river (Švefitupis), Vėžupis (Vėžūpis), Vinkšnupis, (Vinkšnūpis, Vinkšnupys). Of these, probably the most numerous (a few dozen each) are Jūodupė (Jūodupis) and Šaltupis. There is an opinion that water names that are often repeated have a sign of old age, but this opinion is not valid for all, especially for the names of tributaries of the Šešupė and Jiesia basins. It can be assumed that many of the names of the tributaries of the Šešupė and Jiesia, as they are not repeated anywhere else in the territory of the Lithuanian SSR (although, of course, some of such river names may have similar equivalents in other Baltic languages), are among the oldest. Let's compare the aforementioned river names, e.g. : Aista, Gazda, Jotija, Keklys, Penta, Studuonia, Seimena and others. That there are a number of itordziy, known in not one or another area of the Lithuanian SSR, as K. Būga says, in fact, there is nothing to be surprised: such names, although not all, are still at the same time either common words, or derived from common ones "". K. Būga considers such, for example, Sifvirtq and Siesartis of Suvalki region. According to him, the ancient homeland of these river names is Eastern Lithuania, as he says — the land of Vilnius, where to this day there are still Širvintė and Siesartis®. Also, attention should be paid to the pronunciation of river names. In the pronunciation of adjectives, some antiquities have been preserved more than in the pronunciation of common words. For example, the ancient firm-start prefix in the minor suffixes of river names -aitis and -ytė has been preserved; in common words these suffixes are pronounced in this region usually already strongly; Let us compare, for example, the river names Keklditis, Kumpupditis, Vasakytė and the common words kepalaitis, vežimaitis, mergytė, 7uvyté. The ancient pronunciation of adjectives is also evident from the fact that some of them, for example, with the suffix -inė, like Dovinė, Žvikinė, are pronounced at the root rather than at the suffix. Older people always pronounce such river surnames as Grdaužė, Pdikis, Pilvė, Vailiškas, and younger people sometimes pronounce them strongly, e.g., Pilvė*!, In river surnames there are not only forms, but also ambiguities and similarities in pronunciation. Here, for example, enriched river nouns, formed with the second accent and the word upis, are pronounced twice: in the first and second accent, more precisely— a) in the root or suffix of the first word, b) in the root of the second word. The first word of the sentence is usually the first word of the sentence, sometimes followed by a prefix. : Graūžupis, Girnupis, Klampupis, Skriaūdupis, Sparvinupis, Šiekštupis, Tamošupis, Tūrupis, Vilkupis, Vyžupis. There are fewer adverbs pronounced in the second word root; 18 Plg, R. Schmittlein, min. veik, p. 76. 19 See, K. Būga, River Names Studies and Estonian and Slavonic Antiquity, „Tautą ir žodis“, kn. I, p. 16. It is also possible to assume that all place names originated from common words or personal names. 20 See K. Būga, ibid. In the eastern region, the source of the Širvintos river is in Nemenčinė district, Siesarties —Molėtų district, and both flow into Šventaja. *i Of course, there are also similar river names from the ancient times, pronounced in a strong accent, e.g., Graižė, 219 Geležūpis, Gražūpis, Obelūpis, Sakalūpis, Samanūpis. A clear basis for this double pronunciation does not seem to be found. It is also possible that the same river names (of the same or another stream with the same name) are pronounced in two ways, e.g. : Rocky and Rocky-headed, Vēzupis and Vēzūpis. The first spelling, it seems, should be older. In addition, spelling may also be related to writing. | Similar examples of pronunciation occur in other cases, for example: a) different place of pronunciation and pronunciation: Jūdrė and Judrė, Orija — kilm. Orii and Orii (cf. Iotia, Iotias); (b) a different preposition, e.g. : "Naušupė and Nausupė (ret.)". It is possible that the firm-origin preposition here is newer, perhaps due to dialectal or other reasons. One of the most difficult and confusing issues in the names of the tributaries of the Šešupe and Jiesia is the relationship between the dialectal elements a and e at the beginning of the word. This is particularly relevant in the context of the standardization of place names and water names, and therefore considerable caution is required here. For example, the Zanavyki river name Alnupis cannot be restored to Elnupis because: First, the Zanavyki lk. The a at the beginning of a word is translated into an e — they pronounce, for example, ekėčios, ekmud, but with this pronoun they do not do so; secondly, they do not have the word deer, but call it moose; thirdly, this river name may actually contain the ancient root al-, which is also evidenced by other river or lake names, e.g. : Alna (Lazdijai district stream), there also lake Alnas**; be to, plg. Alnis (Molėtų rajono ežeras), there is also the river Alnė. Even in clear cases of confusion with a and e at the beginning of the word, it is obvious that sometimes two tributaries of the same name are written in two ways, namely, some normative dictionaries, taking into account the dialect, write, for example, Alksnė and Elksné®. Although in the Kapsų dialect, where the smaller words are known, it is actually pronounced in two ways, namely: kapsų II (Kapsukas and others) —Alksnė, and kapsų I in some places, for example, about Pilviškiai, —Elksnė, but it seems clear that lk. should be only Elk. It is a very interesting case of a captive. It is not possible to translate it into Eista today, so the name of the village Aištiškiai should not be translated into Eistiškiai, as some publications do*."* In the case of the most commonly known species, the species is known from the fossil record. e is translated into a, but in the place names of this root the question of the relationship between a and e is not so easy to solve, so it is not possible to consider both Aistė and Aistiškiai as dialectal forms. For example, Aisė (a stream in the Kretinga district), Aisetas (lake in the Labanoro district) and others. **. ?2 K. Būga (see his Lithuanian language dictionary, vol. I, p. 63) considers the surname Alna to be a Jotvingian name. # See Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, Kaunas, 1948, p. 384, 393. In addition, it is particularly unfortunate to write the name of the river Elksnė, and the name of the place of residence there, derived from it — Alksnėnai. *4 See, e.g., Administrative-territorial division of the Lithuanian SSR, Vilnius, 1959, p. 687. ?5 For details see K. Būga, Lithuanian Language Dictionary, sas. I, p. 24, 25; B. Savukynas, Lake Names, „Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai“, vol. 3, p. 292. 220 There are other things that are more difficult to explain, perhaps related to the dialect, for example, Yglė (a stream in the Kapsuko district) is always pronounced and written Yglė, but — Igliauka and Igliškėliai (the names of the places of residence that are also there)?, The river names reviewed here are only singular. In general, plural is quite rare in adverbs. It is more common in lakes. It would be possible and, of course, it would be necessair ry to review and examine the river names presented here in some other respects much more extensively, but the author wants first of all, as much as possible, to publish at least the material itself in more detail and more fully. For that purpose here is attached Šešupės ir Alphabetical list of phrases. — Starting to publish such a similar type of ar water names material, especially by publishing the river lake 0 nomenclature, will create a good basis for ir valuable and significant interpretations of broad conclusions. ir This is the rational course of work and research in toponymics. The dictionary is given more than rivers and 400 streams ir names. About 50 rivers and streams have repeated names, e.g. : Jūodupė, Rūd-upis, Skriaūdupis, Vilkupis etc. ; so the different roots of the names are about ir 350, iš of which the greatest part is in the Šešupe o basin, only a small — part of 30 the names belong to Rivers and streams of the Jiesios basin. This dictionary is compiled mainly on the basis of the local name material ir (lists) collected by the Lithuanian Language Literary Institute. ir iš Much of this material has been written by the compiler of the dictionary himself, who started collecting it a ją year ago. 25 In the dictionary given ir rivers streams į inflow greater (older) river indication determined on the basis of the mainly cited material ir ‘Lietuvos TSR River Cadastre'*'. Some, especially small, streams are not localized. In the dictionary, as much as possible, we tried to indicate ar the place of the accent, but we managed to find out and determine the pronunciation of all the names, etc., although recently we asked one other dialect representative to use other various ir sources? ?, Some ar smaller streams, whose names were ne written earlier, have now disappeared due to similar reasons of melioration. ar ir ar ar The most common names are ir jų no longer known, so it is now almost impossible iš to specify them by dialect representatives. This is limited to Lietuvos The names of the former ir rivers and streams in the territory of the USSR. Streams of the Sheshupa ir Basin in the Kaliningrad Oblast ir In the territory of the People's Republic of Poland, į names dictionary not included. The most iš jų famous are, for example, the Kaliningrad region: Alksnupė, Būlupė, Būdupė, Dirvénupé, Ežerūpė, Liepona, Liepupė, Prūdupė, About some * other dialects see. in the notes of the glossary T attached M. here, Plg, J. Lasinskas, Macevičius ir J. Jablonskis, Lithuania TSR River Cadastre, Vilnius, 1959, d. I. * For example, M. Paškevičiūtė, Kalvarijos rajono vietovardžiai, diploma thesis, 1960 (manuscript Vilniaus State V. Kapsuko University In the Lithuanian language department), in the work the names of rivers and streams are not written very well. ir 221 Continuation of the table 15a] 9 3 4 5 6 Appendix II 1 Viemuonia Vv, Kalveliskiai Priidy upélis Šešupė Graž. Puffin 1 Jotija Kdl., Pukniai Purupis 1 Blusupis Snt., Herring Pufve 2 d. Siesartis Snt., Šilgaliai Pūstežeris 1 Graž., Dotamai Pustingiris 1 Jūrė Grš., Antabūdis Ragaisupis 1 Nenupé KzR., Kazliškiai ‘Raisupe When. Zr. Raišupelis Raisupeli 1 Valciuva Igl., RaiSupiai Raisupis 1 Rimiecio ez. Lzd. Upper Kirsna River The red wing is red, the red wing is red. Raudénupis 1 d. Graizé Sil., Red button Raūsvė I + 2 k, Šešupė Plv., Ms. Raūsvė II 2 k, Širvinta I Willow. Reketija 2 d. Šelmenta Lbv., Reketija From Reketija ež. Rytupis 1 Šešupė Kps., Ašmonai Rytupélis 2 Zr. Rytupis Rogupis I 1 d. Nova Grs. Régupis II 1 d. Penta I Grs., Pentiskiai Ragupis III 1 d. Penta I Lkš., Bartkai Rūdė I 2 k. Jiesia Grl., Pajiesys Rūdė II 2 Smn., Drinkiškiai Rudynas 1 Šešupė Kps., Kuktiškiai Rudiškis 2 Kps., Narteliai Rūdupelis 1 Šil., Rūda' Rūdupis 1 Jotija Sdr., Iltrakiai Rūdupis I 1 Siesartis Lkš., Miliškiai Rūdupis II 1 Jiesia Šil., Raudonupis Rūdupis III 1 d. Pilvė KzR., S. Rūda Rūškynas 1 Nova Jnk., Šunkariai Sakalūpis 2 Brt., Šilbaliai Samanūpis 2 k. Siesartis Lkš., Kerai Sąnaša 3a’ k. Jiesia Grl., Ireniskiai Santaka 3b k. Sasna Igl Sasna 4 d. Šešupė Ss, Taria and Sesna Sabiné 2 Zvikiné Lks., Sabine Saviné 2 Zr. Sabine Senasirvinté 1 Zr. Shivling 1 and Shivling 2. 1000 BC) Ancient Egyptian sculpture. Sėnpilvis 1 KzR., Griešiai Pilvės senasis vingis Sėnšešupė 1 k. Šešupė Plv., Gulbiniškiai Gulbino I pabaiga Taria Sėnčiašupė Sėnšešupis 1 Br., Miknaičiai Senoji Šešupės vaga Sėnupė Širvinta 1 1 d. I Kbr., Stanaičiai Sėnupė II 1 Klvr., Lakinskai Sėnupis 1 Jūrė KzR, Sesna 4 See Sasna Siesartis,-ičs 3a d. Šešupė Šk., Snt. 229 Continuation of the table | Lai i siai Bit ona 5 6 Šeimena 3b d. Širvinta I Vikv., Pašeimeniai Šelmenta 4 d. Šešupė Lbv. Pig. 100 mg/kg/day Selmentas Šėrnupis I 1 Tamošupis Jnk., Balgudžiai Šėrnupis II 1 Kt., Valavičiai Šešūpė 2 k. Nemunas Sesupélis 2 | Lbv., Aguonėlis Šiekštupis 1 d. Milupė Br., Skardupis Šikupis I || d. Šešupė Bibl, Matarnai Šikupis II 1 k. Nova Žvr., Žėgliai There are more of them Šilupė I 1 k. Nova Jnk., Uzarai = Šilupė II 1 d. Sedvyga Lkš., Peleniai Šilūpė III 2 d. Liepona Kbr., Kybeikiai Širvinta I 3b k. Šešupė Kbr. Širvinta II | 3b k. Šeimena Žal., Biliūnai Širvinta III 3b ĄžB., Mikolavos ms. Šiulė 4 Aista Brt. Šlapakšna 4 Jiesia Grl., Ilgakiemis Šlavanta 3b Amalvo ež. Igl., Šlavančiai; Slavicity 2 Zr. Slavanta Svédupelis 1 Zr. Svedupys Svedupys 3b d. Sesupe Būbl., Gluobiai Šventupė 1 d. Jiesia Iš. Šventupis 1 Jnk., Ardzijauskai Tamėšupis 1 k. Nova Jnk., Patamošupiai Tiltupis 1 Nova Žvr., Žėgliai Tridudniy upélis Graz., Duoniskiai Trydupis 1 d. Nenupé Grs., Leliokiske There are more of them Trumpukas x2 d. Judre KzR., Runkiai Tūrpis/1 See. Tūrupis Tūrupis 1 d. Sūduonia Ldvn., Tūrupis Tūtupis 1 d. Šešupė Kal., Žiūriai Ūdrupis 1 Žr. Ūdrupys Odrupys 3a Šešupė Ldvn., Ąžuolynas Ūosio upélis Asinis Ss., Pentupiai Ūosupelis 1 k. Šešupė Kps., Uosupis Utelinka 1 Ss., Utalinka (Utalina) Plg. The Ugly Kid. Ūžupis 1 Pjv., Būdviečiai Vabalkšnė 2 k. Pilvė ĄžB. Plg. Bumblebee When. Nail files 1 Zal. That's it. Sirvinta II ties Vailiskiy k. Vaipdné 2 Zr. Vaiponia Vaiponia 4 k. Gazda Klvr., Vaiponiskiai Vaiti€kupis 1 d. Aukspirta I Snt., Vaitiekupiai Vaitupė 1 d. Vaitupė Valčiuvėa I 3b k. Sasna Ss., Tautkaičiai Valčiuvė II 3b d. Šešupė Igl., Kuktai Valkupis 1 d. Lenkupys Lk3., Zypliabūdis Vafidupé t d. +» Šešupė Br. 231 Table continuation | Forza [rap Cao] 5 6 Žėlupis 1-Lenkupys Lk3., Akėčiai Žvikinė 1 k. Siesartis Lk&., Zvikiniai Zvirpiļs i Višakis Jnk., Karališkė Žvirgždė 2 k. Šešupė Šn., Bebrininkai Žvirgždūkas 2 k. Žvirgždė: Šn., Oželiai Alk. — Alksnėnai, Vilkaviškis district% Alvt. — Alvit, Vilkaviškis. AZB. —Oak Way, Kazlų Rūda. Bg. - K. Booga. Bgt. —Bagotoji, Kazlų Rūdos. Br. —Beards, from Vilkaviškis. Brt. —Bartninkai, in Vilkaviškis. Bubl. —Būbleliai, in Šakiai. d. —right, right. Dks. "A lot, Kapsuko. dv, —buv. Dvaras. no. —a lake; Gdl. —Gudeliai, in Prienai. Gl. 2 —Gelgaudiškis, Šakių apskritis. "Graz -Graziškiai, Vilkaviškio". Grl. —Garliava, Kaunas. Throat. —Griškabūdis, in Šakiai. Ms. —Geistarai (Didvyžiai), in Vilkaviškis. Ig. — Igliauka, Kapsuko. Igl. — Igliškiai, Kapsuko. Out. —Išlaužas, in Prienai. Young man. —Jankai, Kazlų Rūdos. k. —left, left. When. —River cadastre of the Lithuanian SSR, 1 d., Vilnius, 1959. Kbr. — Kybartai, Vilkaviškis. Kdl. —Kiduliai, in Šakiai. Klvr — Calvary. km. —village. Kps. —Kapsukas (Marijampolė). Krishna. - It's gorgeous. 4th ed., Vol. KzR. . — Kazlų Ore. Lbv. —Liubavas, Kalvarijos. Ldvn —Ludvinavas, Kapsuko. LK. —Lukšiai, in Šakiai. Lzd. "To Lazdijai. mš. + — forest. Nm. —Kudirkos Naumiestis, Šakių. Pjv. —Pajevonys, in Vilkaviškis. "Plokščiai, Šakiai". Plv. —Pilviškiai, Vilkaviškio district. pvd. — last name. 3 This abbreviation shall not be entered in the following list of abbreviations. 233