Finnisch „sii”

LIETUVIY KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAL VI PIE TEE TSR MOKSLUYU A ACADEMY FINNISH SIT E. NIEMINENAS Preparing for the press šį , Lithuanian Linguistics Issues” volume, it was a sad news that ta 1962 m. of May 24 d. The renowned specialist in comparative historical linguistics, the researcher of the ir relations of Baltic Slavic languages su with Finnish languages, Prof. E. They didn't. The death of this distinguished linguist is — a great loss for Baltic philology and Lithuanian ir studies, to which he has made a great contribution. Prof. E. Nieminen’s article “Finnisch sii”, received iš by the 1962 m. author in 16 April, is probably his last work on jo Baltic loanwords in the Finnish language. In diesem essay I subject a Finnish Noun, the one a term that is culturally interesting, of a somewhat more thorough Investigation. Das Word that I here im Senses have, is finn. sii “ein die Documentation of the roof supporting, over the Wall area of the House protruding Wall beams". Da sii through the Lack of etymological Relationships im Relationship with the rest language material does not stand, it so could easily es happen early that the endeavour showed that the mentioned Word dem Bring language awareness closer. zu This is done by clarifying Composition. You have this Composite sii-hirsi' formed, where, purely logically considered, both Parts of the composition almost the same say; because hirsi means general im "Balken"?. Otherwise encountered as Final member oral also’ puu , Wood" (sii-puu)®. Judging by zu everything sii is an old designation, which from ever the zu Terminology of the Belonged to house building. Finn. sii explain u.a. Toivonen! and Itkonen® as a Finnish hereditary word that they zu of the following Word sippe stellen: Syrian $ig-er ' Different siihirsi types are at Valonen, Satakunta, XV, Finland S. 123, Figure 1. .? Go away. si-hirsi ‘tignus medius tectum interius supportans, larger Beams under the inner Dache”, Renvall, Lexicon linguae finnicae (Aboae, II, 1826), S. 170; si-hirsi „the upper part of the roof supporting the substructure, protruding from the wall level“, Vuorela, Etnologian sanasto (Helsinki, 1958), S. 95. 8S. Valonen, Satakunta, XV, Finland S. 124. * Tuner XXV (Helsinki, 1922), S. 20 f. 5 Finno-Ugric languages Forschungen, XXX, (Helsinki, Finland) 1949), S. 48, Ural-Altaic Yearbooks, XXVIII, (Wiesbaden, Germany) 1956), S. 66. Here is for sii as Meaning of “Roof beam” specified. 12, Questions of Speech VI. 177 “roof chair; roof ridge; Vaults”, in Wotchak $ig ‘Attic floor; Room im Upper part of the House; Vault, pointed", ostjak siy “Bending of the Sledge (from Ground up to Front part of the Schlittens)"®. Was finn. as far as they are so concerned, Itkonen’ for the Urolithic fish as Urform ein *sije<<* Sige to set up. Die Vocal group -ijesei originally in -ijiübergegangen, whereupon therefrom through Contraction - stop. Die Meanings of the in Speaking Finnish-Ugric words leave after Toivonen all Probability after one Basic meaning "Gewölbe" u. dgl. erschliessen. Meines According to the Compilation by finn. sii with the compared Finno-Ugric words uncertain that something could be built on it. zu Die Meaning of sii seems the Meanings of the Finnish-Ugric nouns are so far away that it is preferable to so assume that we zu are dealing with various unrelated words. es zu Nach Valonen? is es possible that finn. in sii the Swedish Noun page ‘Site’ in means: Composition side-, stuck. Compare Swedish side-by>finn. Si-pyy. This is the Name of a Kirchspiels, das in Western an Finland der Coast of the Bottniska Meerbuens lies. In the genuine Finnish Kompositum side millet ‘the middle Bars of Decke" has this Forelimb (page “Connection”) according to Omission of -dmundartlich not sii-, but sıegegeben (sie-hirsi). Da das Simplex sii undoubtedly older than that Composite sii-hirsi is, shines the so Declaration of sii as Borrowing from Swedish sida, sidenot one. As I said, fits finn. sii, that only by one Bars described type is used, semantic of the above-mentionzu ed Finnish-Ugric word family not. To be highlighted 'is namely that the in Finnish-Ugric nouns to the Description of Long logs, rods dgl. u. not be used. On the other hand, the Compliance with a Lithuanian-Latvian Not only soundly substantive, but also conceptually very striking. Die Words that I im Eye have, are lit. position “Connecting, bridge beams; beams, cross beams, logs, beams, deck, roof beams" and lett. position “Base, stretch beams, cross beams under a Bridge or the Planks, deck, roof beams". The Lithuanian Word sija used the famous u. a. Zemaitic Writers Simonas Daukantas (1793—1864) in der Significance “a thicker longer Bars, der Parts of a Bridge or one House zu connect has"?. To admit is that the in Speaking Baltic nouns and sii are very similar in sound. All that makes everyone Attempt to the Finnish Word as a native also etymologically prove, questionable. zu Es asks himself with good Fug, not ob finn. sii, das den in compositions sii-hirsi and sii-puu is present, any in Lend-lease 6 Vgl. also Collinder, Fenno-Ugric Vocabulary (Uppsala, 1955), S. 56; Joki, Finnish-Ugric Forschungen, XXXII, Anz. (1956), S. 49. 7 Finno-Ugric languages Researches, XXX, SS. 40, 48. 8 Satakunta, XV, Finland S. 129. 95. Daukantas, Selected Writings (Kaunas, to 1955), S. 462. 178 lit. sija and lett. sija stands. Despite the limitation of sii to West Finnish dialects'®, I believe that the Ural-Finnish age of the word cannot be doubted. For the survival of an original word only in a small part of the language area in modern times, one can cite enough evidence elsewhere. For example, I'm doing here on neubulg. 65pra “lip”, which has no equivalent in the other Slavic languages. The word is by no means a new formation, but an ancient word inherited from the pre-Slavic period, as the exact Lithuanian counterpart burna, mouth" shows!!. As far as the accent is concerned, according to Būga, it is called bürna'? in the Zemaitic language. The Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language published by the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences"? knows bürna from Kretinga county. The meanings of the Bulgarian noun and burnä are of course not incompatible. Regarding the differences in meaning between these words, I refer, among others, to russ. ycrd ‘Mouth; Lips"; Russian. by „Mund", Czech. ret, Lippe" (<urslav. *r»t%). According to the common opinion, the above-mentioned Baltic names for beams are offspring of the Indo-European root sei-„to bind“, to which, among others, lit. siéti „to bind, to tie; binden, verbinden, -knüpfen" and lett. siet "to bind, tie" belong'*. For sija we must therefore use the original meaning "connecting beam". According to the etymology to conclude, the long log, which from house bore this name, was a beam that covered the opposite walls of the house, parts of the roof structure, etc. had to connect. The aforementioned Baltic nouns are still used today to designate various such beams'®, The parts of the roof construction for which lit. sija is used are "block roof beams (pfette)", "intermediate beams" and "fir beams"'®. | 10 The map sketch at Valonen a. a. O. P. 126 gives an overview of the sii-places in Finland. IS, Mladenov, Indogermanische Forschungen, XXXV (Strasbourg, 1915), S. 134, ETHMONOTHYeCKH H NPABONHCEeHB peuHHKb Ha ÖBATAPCKHA KHHIKOBEHB e3HKb (Cobun, 1941), S, 54. 12 S, Būga, Tauta ir žodis, I (Kaunas, 1923), pp. 406. 13 Lithuanian Language Dictionary, I (Vilnius, 1941), p. 975. 11 5, u. a Skardžius, Lithuanian language word making (Vilnius, 1943), SS. 41, 48; Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 1 (Bern-Munich, 1950), p. 891 f. 5S, et al. Bielenstein, Die Holzbauten und Holzgeräte der Letten (Petrograd, 1918), SS. 16, 25 ff., 86, 716, 777. A transverse beam called sija, on which the ceiling of a room rests, is also shown in the illustration found in Straubergs, Latviesu tautas miklas, sakämvärdi un parunas (Kopenhagen, 1956), p. 31, firdet 16 S, Gimbutas, Das Dach des litauischen Bauernhauses aus dem 19. Jahrhundert (Stuttgart, 1948), pp. 95. 179 "The Solution of several Latvian folk riddles is sija, the Stretch beams", is So one of the cited Riddles: Inside room, both ends ara, d.i. "the middle part is in the living room, the two ends are outside". Meant are the two End of the Stretch beams, which over the House walls in Stückchen ins Free to reach. So that you get a real Term of the the an Expression sija attached ideas could make, is es am Places, here are some more Riddles, whose Solution the above Word is, quote: zu GaspaZa ieksa, kajas ara, d.i. ‘the Mistress is inside the Feet are out"; He's got his head down, d.i. “himself is inside, the Head is out"; Marga istaba, bize ärd, d.i. ‘the Girl is the in Stube, der Hair braid is out”; Good hunter, good hunter, d.i. ‘the Cow is im Stables, which Horns are out”. Als Original of sii can meanwhile a balt. place kaum ir question come; because such a ūFemininum would have the Baltic fish in their Language probably as *sija taken over, which in Sound form das Wort sich im Finnish unchanged except for today's Day would have received. It should be emphasized that Zweisilbler des Type *the number is correct origin were not foreign. Im Ural Finns even found a down-to-earth Noun *seat, desk im Finnish as sija ‘space; Place; Stelle” survives. The Latvian Variant sijs: Gen.Sg. sijs'® probably brings us to the right Fährte. This Noun, that a Feminine with i stem is, lets the Basic form *sijis erschliessen. The Baltic States Nouns, deren Correspondences im Latvian and Lithuanian of belong to the declination class of the i-stems, are Proto-Rhodesian languages were almost exclusively borrowed as e-strains, i.e. as Words, whose Name. Sgt. originally on auslautete. -e From the The fact that both the Baltic é-Feminina and almost all Baltic nouns, which im Lithuanian and Latvian as inherited i-stems occur, in the Urolithic fish as Words with e-root have been borrowed, one can my According to only the Conclude that the ancient in Baltic Language from which the Borrowing words come, the i-substantive in of their Declination generally with the é - Feminina had collapsed!”. Zu note is that -e im Calls out already im Uroestfinnish in -i passed. Vgl. Finn. Goats .goat" <uostseefinn. *vose<balt. *6Z¢ apr. (: wosee ,ds. " ); Finn. niisi "Weblitze" (t>s vor i)<uostseefinn. *nite<balt. *nite (:lit. nytis “ds.” and lett. nits ‘ds’ iStem). By the way, the feminine i stems also have im Lithuanian and Latvian dialectically the e-flexion 17 Solche Riddles are found u. a. bei Bielenstein, Die Wooden constructions and Wooden tools of Letten (Petrograd, 1918), S. 26; Anceläne, Latvian folk miklas (Riga, 1954), S. 252 f.; Straubergs, Latvian folk sayings and proverbs un (Copenhagen, 1956), S. 253. iš S, Bolvenbachs-Endzelins, Latvian language vocabulary, III, (Riga, 1929), S. 836; Endzelins-Hauzenberga, Additional corrections un K. Mühlenbach Latvian language värdnicai, II (Riga, 1946), S. 485. 198, Nieminen, reports of meetings of Finnish Academy of Sciences 1956 (Helsinki, 1957), S. 189 f., 192. 180 accepted, So the Nom. Pl. oral in Lithuanian nytes (e.g. in Ariogala?°) and in Latvian nites. Our words are mostly used in the plural nowadays. It is therefore expected that the Ural Finns adopted the noun, which appears in Latvian as sijs, in the sound form *sije into their language. If Itkonen has indicated the correct way to explain the course of development that led to the emergence of the monosyllabic word formation sii, then there can hardly be any doubt that a *sije as a Baltic loanword in Finnish could only produce sii. Even if it is admitted that the word for beams in question in the Baltic source language was an a-feminine *sija, it is possible that it could also have been incorporated into Ural Finnish in the form of *sije. One should not forget that in the original language the above mentioned noun *sija {>finn has existed since earlier. position ‘Raum; Place; place”) was present. It is conceivable that in this case the Proto-Finnish reacted against the homonymy and balt. *sija converted to the e-declination at the time of inclusion. That you the separation of finn. sii and lit. sija of each other cannot be considered correct, follows from the just developed. In fact, the Finnish noun matches the Baltic nouns I have compared so perfectly in form and meaning that I have no doubts about their composition. | Based on the identification of some Baltic nouns that have been adopted into Ural Finnish, the i-root conjugation seems to have been widespread in the source language. After the i-declination went such nouns, whose equivalents in Lithuanian are exclusively and in Latvian usually flected as oo or a stems. From the preceding consideration it can be seen that in contrast to lit. sijä and lett. sija a corresponding i-noun occurs only orally in Latvian. Finn. orsi ‘horizontal beams, rods; Wiemen" presupposes the Baltic original form *ardis, thus an i-noun,?!. The Lithuanian counterpart afdas “horizontal movable bar in the grain crate for drying the sheaves; rod on which the flax is hung for drying" belongs to the declination class of the o-stem. To the same class belongs also lett. ards “horizontal movable drying beam in the grain hopper for drying the sheaves; Horizontal beam, rod for drying or smoking": Gen. Sg. I'm sorry. Only in Latvian there is a variant that belongs to the i-declination, namely ärds (<*ardis): Gen. Sg. ärds®. Finn. nuode „Schwager, Mann der Schwester" can be traced back to the Baltic i-Maskulinum *Znötis2 Elisonas, Archivum Philologicum, III (Kaunas, 1932), p. 159. 2! S, Nieminen, Virittäjä, XLIX (Helsinki, 1945), SS. 524 ff., 632, Proceedings of the Finnish Academy of Sciences 1956 (Helsinki, 1957), p. 199. 22 On the lineage of lit. afdas see now E. Fraenkel, Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, I (Heidelberg, 1962), p. 15. 181 führen?- ®, From this old inherited i-masculin in Latvian the noun znuötis “son-in-law; brother-- in-law, husband of the sister", which has passed to the declination of jo-masculina. That's it. znuötis is recorded exclusively from the old Curonian area, it is obvious that the relative designation in question in the Latvian language belongs to the heritage of Old Curonian. Otherwise, znuöts is used in Latvia, which as an o-stem assumes the preform *Znötas. Still it should be noted that znuötis and znuöts completely synonymous Expressions are®*. | Like Finn. nuode can only come from the Old Curonian, so it is quite likely that also finn. orsi and sii have their origin in old Curonian words. In both cases, the proto-Oceanic fishes from the Balten Matter and Word taken. Da the i-root conjugation is missing in the corresponding nouns in Lithuanian, one can by no means count on a Lithuanian source. Helsinki ®UHCKOE SII 3. HH3MMHEH Peswme B crarLe ocmapuBaerca MHeHHsi TouBoHeHa H MTKoHeHa O TOM, YTO PHHCKOE CAOBO Sii MO TIPOHCXOMAEHHIO SBJISeTCSA YTPO-PHHCKHM. ABTOp Take He coryiaceH H C BajioHeHoM, CYHTABIIHM (DHHCKOe Sii 3aHMCTBOBAHHEM H3 IIBEeACKOTO A3bIKa. [lo MHeHHIO aBTOpa, (DUH. See HAAO MPHUYHCIHTD K. 3aHMCTBOBAHHAM H3 ÖAJITHÄCKHX A3bIKOB, CP. JIHT. Sija@, AT. place: MT. Seven, shoot. siet. HH CeMaHTH4Yeckasi, HH (oHeTHUYeCKasi CTOPOHbI Bblllle YIIOMAHYTBIX CJIOB. FINLAND SII E. NIEMINENAS Summary The author of the article disagrees with Toivonen and Itkonen's suom. sii kilmés interpretation, because they consider the latter word to be of suomiy-ugry origin. He also disagrees su Wallonian, who is Finnish. sii takes a loan from iš Swedish. In the opinion of the author, suom. It is to be regarded as a loanword from the Baltic, cf. lit. sija, lat. sija: lit. siéti, lat. siet. Such assumption would not contradict both the meaning of the words and ir jų phonetics. 3 S, Nieminen, Lingua Posnaniensis, V (Poznan, 1955), S. 81, Reports of meetings Finnish Academy of Sciences 1956 (Helsinki, 1957), S. 192 ff., Virittäjä, LXI, (Helsinki, 1957), S. 25 f., Letters, devoted to academic professor Dr. Jänim Endzelinam vinas 85 dzīves un 65 darba gadu atmiņai (Riga, 1959), S. 205 f. %4 About the Family of znudtis s. Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, I (Bern-Munich, 1959), p. 373 f. -