Случаи языкового контакта в Латгалии

PiieBeDMUaViGd Usk Ad BO TY R.O0S8; -KibA -ULSeIUM ALT Vi Spetn er boa 1O-S eh ES ROOM O. KS) bo Ul ACK A Die! Mer IA CJIYYAW ASbIKOBOFO KOHTAKTA B JIATTAJIHH ll. APHCTS B Jlarsuiicxoii CCP, p Jlyn3enckom paiione Jlatramuu, ellie B Haule BP€MA MOXHO BCTPCTHTh HECKONbKO AeCATKOB, MPeHMYULeCTBCHHO CTAapbIX, mogeli, TOBOPALIHX Ha 9CTOHCKOM s3bIKe. B 9SCTOHCKOii sTHOorpaduyeckoii H ASBIKOBEMYeCKON UTepaType STHX SCTOHUEB OObIUHO HasbIBaloT Ay 13H HCKHMH 9CTOHMAMH, MOCKONDKy rlaBHEIM IeHTPpOM HX NOCeTeHHI ABasetes ropox Jlym3a (npexnuii JIyupm). Uactb STHx 9SCTOHMeB oceJla BOKpyr ropoga Jlyq3bl, 10-BHAHMOMY, C O4eHb WaBHeTO BpeMCHH, HO 6o.IbWIHHCTBO ux Mepecerunoch B Jlya3HHCKHii paiioH, mo BCel BeposATHOCTH, -p XVII croneruu. B ycuosuax (beo_ambHoro cTpOA AYyA3HHCKHE SCTOHIbI MpeKpacHo cOXpaHAH cBOe 3THOrpaduyecKoe cBoeobpasHe U poqHOH A3bIK, Tak Kak B 9TO BPeMA OOLULCHHA C BHEIIHHM MHPOM He ObIsO H 3a MpeseMbl NOMA OHH TOUTH He BbIe3KaiH. KpoMe posHoro s3bIKa, JYA3HHCKHe SCTOHUbI ODL 20 M3BECTHOM CTeMeHH 3HAKOMBI C JaTrabCKHM AWaNeKTOM JaTbILICKOrO A3bIKa, a Ha MOrpaHWuHBIX c pycCKHMH u GelopycaMH yyacTKax TakxKe C PyccKHM H 6elopyccKuM a3bIkKamu. ByxyyH no BepOHcnoBesaHulo KaTOJIMKaMH, JYI3HHCKHe SCTOHUbI MOMMep%KUBaIH Gohlee TeCHy!0 CBASb CO CBOHMH eAHHOBepilaMH — WaTbiaMu 6elopycaMH, B TO BpeMA Kak cOauxKeHHe Ii oOmleHve c pycCKHMH HaGsOLalocb JMWb B Ceax c MepelleAWHM B MpapocwaBHe Hacenenuem. Ilockonpky B KaTOJHYCCKHX WePpKBaX MponoBeAH K HCHOBEAb NPOBOAMIHCh Ha ICTOHCKOM ASbIKe, WYA3HHCKHe SCTOHIb! MONI OOXOmuTECH H 6e3 3HAHHA NaTbIUICcKOrO, a TakxKe OetopyccKoro A3bIKa — Jt 3TOrO He ObIIO B TO BPeMA NpAMOM HeoOxonUMOcTH BoObULe. Co BceMH XKHBUIMMH 110 COCeCTBY KPe€CTbAHaMH HM MPHXOMHOCh CTAIKHBATbCA 4awie Bcero Ha MBI3HOM OapuuHe. Ha Mbise 2%Ke OHH YaACTO CMIBIMMAaIH MH MOJIbCKyIO peub, MOCKODKy BulasebUaMH H HX yNpaBHTeIAMH ObImM mpeuMy-) mecrBeHHO noasku. B JlarranHH mombCKHii A3BIK ObIM, BMeCTe C TEM, A3bIKOM M€CTHOFO KYMbTYPHOTO OOMWeHHA, OKA eMy Ha CMeHY He ObIs BBETeH - pycckuii a3nix. K cepequne mpolisoro croseTHa WepKOBHEIe TpeObi H TIpoNOBeAH B KaTOMMYeCKO WepKBH CTaMH MPOBOAUTb TObKO Ha JaTBIIICKOM SABbIKe, UTO OKAZaO CYUeCTBEHHOe BJIMAHHE Ha MECTHBI SCTOHCKHH ASbIK. B mpapocaaBubix ceslax BIMAHHe pyCCKOTO A3bIKa MaBaO O CeGe 3HaTb elle 137 3HaUHTeIbHO paHbule. HecoMHeHHO, 4TO B 9TOM OTHOLICHHH HeMa/OBaxHY1O POJb CbIrpasM Take%ke yuacTHBIIHeca co BpeMeHeM CMeMlaHHbIe Opaku Me@XKAy SCTOHUAMH, aTbIaMH, pyCcKUMH H Geopycamu. _ K Kony deogatpHoro mepwoya saMeTHO yBeuMUHBaeTCA H YCHJMBaeTca BHSHHe pyccKoro si3bIKa Kak Ha 9CTOHCKHii, Tak HM Ha JaTBILUCKHii, Genopycckuii u ApyrHe sA3bIKH sacenaBUIMx JlaTranMI0 Hapogos, B ocobeHHOCTH Mocse TOrO, KaK B 9TOM Kpae GbIH OTKPbITbI pyccKHe WKOUbI. BmecTe C TeM, JlaTrambcKad MOW1OeKb, B TOM YHCe H MCCTHBI€ SCTOHUbI, B ITO BpeMA HayHHaeT yesxKaTb Ha Ce3OHHbIe, BpeMeHHbIe paOoTbl Ha pycckylo TePpHTOPHIO, B pailoH pacnomOxKeHHA GOMDIINX TOPOMOB HM MPOMbILVICHHbIX UeHTPOB, YTO B-CBOIO OYepesb CHocoGcTByeT pacnpocTpaHeHHlo sHaHHHt 110 pyeckomy s3biky. A3sbikoM MecTHoro oOuleHHaA Bcex 3aceasioumx JlatraAWIO HapOMOB PyCCKHii ASbIK CTAHOBHTCA ele B mpouiom croneTHH. KpoMe JlaTbIleii H HeMHOTHX SCTOHUeB, Ha TeppHTopHu JlaTraiHH B ABaquaTbIX TOMax 93TOrO cTONeTHA HacuuTEIBaOch 20,13% pyccKux, 13,96% 6eaopycos u 4,49% mo7uskos, a Takxe HeOO/IbINOH NpoweHT eBpeeB H JIHtTopues. TloceieHust SCTOHIEB pacnolox%KeHbl B HeMOCpeACTBeEHHOM cocescTBe c JaTbIlaMu, pycckumu u Oenopycamu.! B 1893 r., Bo BpeMaA noceujenHa ato MectHoctu O. Kasacom, 6osbIMHHCTBO JIYA3HHCKHX 9CTOHUEB, KPpoMe POAHOrO ABbIKa, BlaweO TakxKe UH WJaTbILICKHM, MpHueM AOBOMbHO OoubUoe pacnpocrpaneHue Med H pyCcKHii asbik. (K comasenuio, O. Kanac ne Mela pasHHlbl MexKAy 3HaHHeM pycckoro H G6emopycckoro s3bIkoB). Muorve 9CTOHUbI 3HaJIH B TO BpeMs,. BMecTe C TeM, H MOJbCKHi A3bIK.2 B HacToslee BpeMA MOCeHHe HOCHTeNH JYA3HHCKOTO AHaeKTa ICTOHCKOTO A3bIKa BCe Ge3 HCKIOYVeHHA BiaseJOT JaTBIICKHM A3BIKOM B e€fO JHTepaTypHO HAH WHaseKTHOH, T. e. 1aTrambcKoll, dopme. Baagenve pyCcKHM SA3bIKOM TakxKe ABJeHHe MOBCeMeCTHoe. Boapmiad uacTb MeCTHBIX 9CTOHUeB epellia OKOHYATeIbHO Ha WaTbILICKHH HH PyCCKHit sASbIK. Tak Kak JIYA3HHCKHe SCTOHIbI B TeYeHHe MpOAOKHTeAbHOTO BpeMeHH HaXOJHJIHCb B TeCHOM KOHTaKTe ¢ UebIM PAXOM PyrHX HapofoB, OHH CONpHKacasucb c STHMH HaposaMH Tak%Ke HB ASbIKOBOM OTHOWeHHH. [lo3TOMY STY TeppHTOPHIO cilesyeT MpH3HaTb OAHHM H3 CaMbIX HHTePeCHbIX yuactkos TIpu6aiTHku B TOM OTHOUIeHHH, 4TO Ha Heli Mb MOZKeM HeTIOcpeacTBeHHO Ha6l0,aTb Mpowecc B3aMMHOTO BAMAHHA PasAHUHBIX MO MpoHCXOKCHHIO ABZbIKOB, a TaK2Ke Te H3MCHEHHA, KOTOPBIe MPOHCXOAAT B cepax H HanpaBJIeHMAX ASbIKOBOTO BMAHHA B TOT HIM HHO MepHO BpeMeHH. Jaa okoHYaTeNbHOrO H MOMHOTO BbIACHeCHHA B3aHMOCBABeli BCeX pacrovo2KeHHEIX B palione Jly23bI A3bIKOB HeOOXOMHMMa TecHamd COBMeCcTHad paboTa caaBucToB, GasTHcTOoRB HM @uHHOyrpoBesoB, MpiyeM B 9TY HCCeMOBaTe/bCKy!0 paOoTy NOJKHbI BKIOYHTLCA TAKE POMbKMOPUCTHI, 9THOrPasl, HCTOpHKH mM apxeoslorH, TombKO B TaKOM CJlyuae MOXKHO OyeT OTBETHTb Ha MHOFHe CIOKHIE BOMPOCh! STHOTeHe3a MaHHOrO MUKpoOpaliona. 1 E, Blese, Latgales cittautiesi un vinu valodas, ,,Jzglitibas Ministrijas MeneSraksts", Riga, 1925, crp. 357—369, 478—485. . 2 ©. Kallas, Lutsi Maarahvas, Helsinki, 1894, crp. 11 u caea. 138 B nacrosileli cratbe GyAyT paccMOTpeHb: JHIIb OCOOeCHHOCTH JeKCHKH AYA3HHCKOTO AHasleKTa 9CTOHCKOTO ASbIKa, Ha KOTOPOH B OYCHb CHJIbHOH crelleHH CKa3aslocb BAMAHMe MaTbIlcKorO, pyccKoro u Oeslopycckoro ASbIkos. Bmecte c TeM, B Heli HeMasIO Tak?Ke HM MOJIbCKHX 3/1CMCHTOB, Tlannoe COOOMLeHHe MOJKHO TMOCyKUTL CBOeTO Poa BeXOli B MeNe [adbHeliuero W3YUCHHA KOHTAKTHDIX CBAZCH PasTMYHbIX 3AaCeTAIOUINX TipuGatuky HapoOB. Jlya3HHcKHii WHaNeKT 3CTOHCKOTO A3bIKa OTHOCHTCA K 102%KHO-3CTOHCKOII quasleKTaJbHoi rpynne, ocHoBHOM croBapHbIit Pou KOTOpoii HMeeT THMMNpti 10xKHO-9cTOHCKHit xapaktep. B sya3HHCKOM AMaJeKTe, B OTJM4He OT BCeX APYTHX IO%KHO-3CTOHCKHX TOBOPOB H AMaseKTOB, BCTpewaloTca npexje gcero JlaTbILICKHe C0Ba, MpOHHKWIMe B Hero B Pas/IMYHble MEPpHOAbI bpeMeHH H CBA3AHHBbIe c CaMbIMH pa3HOoOpasHbIMH OOaCTAMH %KH3HH. Boa.ree jipeBHue NaTbilicKHe 3aHMCTBOBaHUA yxKe B MOMHOM Mepe NOAYHHIIMCh cboHOuorHyecKoi CTpykType SCTOHCKOrO ASbIKa, HO B MO3MHeHMIMX 3aHMCT-" BOBAHHAX COXPAHAIOTCA COBEPIICHHO UyKAble JCTOHCKOMY ASHIKY oco6eHHocTH JaTbILcko dononornu. Betpeyatorca TakxKe M TakHe C/OBa, KOTOpple ynorpeOusloTcs MapasenbHO B AByX BapHaHTax — B 93CTOHH3HpOBaBIWeMcst HB He YTPaTHBUIeM HCXO{HOFO aTBIWICKOTO SBYYaHHA BapHaHTe. CoxpaHeHHe JaTbILICKAX cponomormuecKkux oco6eHHocTelt B 3aHMCTBOBAHHbIX COBaX JIYA3HHCKHX SCTOHUEB MpHHsVIO BCe 6olee HHTCHCHBHBIM XapakTep, KOra MATHILICKHA ASbBIK (PaKTHYeCKH yxKe CTA UX BTOPbIM AOMAIIHUM, Pa3rOBOPHbIM ASbIKOM. Huxe 6ymyt paccMOTpeHbI Te MaTHILICKHe 3aHMCTBOBAHHA, KOTOpbIC yialocb 3apHKcHpoBaTb B 3allHCAX Ped JyASHHCKUX 3cTOHIEB*. abada) «KyuiaHbe 3 MeveHKH WJIH JerKOrO TOAbKO 4TO yOuToro *KHnotHoro» <abadas, natrampcKoe (=viTr.) Takxe abada «kyllanbe W3 CBHHHHbI HW KanlycTbl, KOTOpOe OGBIYHO MpHrOTOBsAKAeTCA Mocie TOrO Kak yOiot cpuHbio»; bel’l «<6enbmMo» <tr. bel’s; beluga (maa) «tuJoxo BbICbIXalollad 3emas» <atr. beluga; bil’t «Kapruna» <bilde; biz’atama « O6MKaTb> <uartr. apbizavuot’; borr, pox. bora «mecto 2KaTBbIy <str. bors; bruukos «YTpeHHHii 3aBTpak» <JITT. briikosc; burnitama «pa3HTb, MocaxKaTb, co6a3HATb, MpHAMpATEcs, HcKyWIaT» < burnt; drutSa «OonoTHaA MHXOpagka, Masapua» <drucis, pow. druéa; drégin «6enena (hyoscyamus niger)» <drigene, arr. TaKwxe dridzina; dzint§, pox. dzin’d’z’i «mpisHplit Hanor» <cints, cinte; dundur, tundur «nespanblii rocth> <tr. dundurs «peGeHOK BO BPeMHA HaBO3HO!l TOMOKH>; duuda, duudakott «ponpinKa> <dida; gikal’, pox. gigali «xpou < giggles, atr. gigal’is; griusli, kriusi, kanebi griusl’i «kKyllaHbe U3 CeMsH KOHOMIH> < grislis, atr. gryuslis; 3 Boapulan yactb (pakTuyeckoro MaTepHawla nonyseHa 43 coépanus Viucrutyta A3bIKa u autepatyps. AH SctoxcKoit CCP. Jlarpitickwe COOTBETCTBHA BSATH TIpeHMYyULecTBEHHO u3 caopapa K. Munen6axa u A. Suaseauna (K. Milenbachs—J. Endzelins, Latviesu valodas vardnica, I—IV, Riga, 1923—1932). Uro Kacaetca atTrambckux cooTseTCcTBHit, TO OHH 4YaCTHYHO B3ATbI H3 AHYHbIX 3allicei aBTopa CTaTbH, YaCTHYHO 2%Ke MO/yYeHbl OT Hay4Hblx COTPYAHHKOB WMucrutyta asbika aurepatypst AH Jlarsuitcxoii CCP. 139 gon'd’zik, pox. goén'd’zigi «<6enopyc» <artr. g’en’d’z’iks «yHMKuTebHOe, OckopOuTeIbHOe HaHMeHOBaHHe Genopyca»; inddnik, pon. inddnigu «upuqupa, uckycutetb» < ienaidnieks, air. inaidniks «spar, HenpusTenb>; kalpak «napux» <atr. kalpaks; kapl'i «moteiray <kaplis; kartupel’ «xapTodetb» <kariupelis; keistri «kuctep, 4MakOH B KaTONMYeCKOl WepKBH» <keis’t’ers; k’elne «xenbua» <kelne, ntr. k’elne; kimin «rmun» <arr. Kim'ini kood’2’io, «naprurus»; kuut’s’6 «Kpyna, KOTOpyio eH HakKaHyHe pox: HectBa>; kuod’z'ipdiv «KawyH pomyectBa» <atr. kiicys (<6eaopycckoe Kyyy2) u kiiéysdina, nareuickoe kiiéas «xpyna», kiiku diena «kanyn poxaecTBa»; kopp, pon. Ropa «ctor ceHa H3 yecatu Konex» <arr. (rudzu) kopa; krauts «noptuoii»y <arr. krauc’s’; krump, pon. krumba, ymenvui. krumbake «cknanka, cOopKa> <grumbas, wr. grumba; kutél’, pon. kudol’i «BOUIb y cKoTa» <skutele, atr. skut’al’a; kulok «nuxKaK, MyKCKaad KypTka» <atr. kul’oks; labi, labis «xopoumii» <labi «xopomo»; lapat’s’ka -<OoulTyH, myctoctop» <atr. lapacka; leigutama «pacnesatb kynaspcKue necHu» <ligot, arr. leiguot’; med’z’ina? «mosr> <arr. sm’ed’z’enes; mi§s, poa. mis’s’i «mecca» <atr. mi§a, mise; mutul’, mutur’ «ctynuya> <muturis, atr. muturs; muzul’ «mo30ib» <atr. muzul’s’; narits, pox. naridza «3a60eBaHHe y JIOUIaqH, BbISBaHHOe HeMpaBHJIbHbIM MOMOKeHHEM XOMyTa» <narica, naricas, arr. narica; nef sod net’$va, «lepeBaHHOoe KOpBITO, B KOTOPOM cTHpaloT 6e/be HH KynaloT pebeHKa» <utr. n’ecde; niisdlgi? «nocuikH» <nesilkas; obur «<oco6pili Buy pbi6on0BHBIX cereliy <abars, arr. oburs; pat’s’min’, bat’vin’, pox. bat’vin’i «cpexna, caxapHas cBeKna> <arTr. batvin’i, bac’min’c’; plakk, poy. plaka «paar» <artr. plags; podmarouka «pyHnament» <atr. podmorouka; poor’s’t’ «<6axpoma (y G6oabuloro HamulewHoro miaTKa)» <atr. bérksts, buork’s’; prat’in, pox. prad’ina «He6onbWaa pbIGONOBHaA CeTbh C ABYMA KDPblJIbAMH H MaTHeli»y <uarr. brad’in’c’; pumbat’s’ «ma4 us mMoyeBoro nysbIpa» <bumba «may»; puzur’ «moueBoli nysbipb» <JITr. puzurs; pour, pox. péura, puur «nypa, 4eTBepHK = 4yeTHIpem nyfam» <pérs, atr. pyurs; pouts, pox. péutsi, p6vs, pox. pbvsi «noMalIHHH Ayx, MOMOBOli» < str. pyucs; rakan, pod. ragana «BefbMa, AbABOM (pyratemperBo)» <ragana; ruput’s’, pox. rupud’zi «aba» <rupucis, arr. rupuc’s’; ruunama «ropopuTb, Seceqopath» <rundat; ruutotama «net» noJiaratoulueca B KaHyH Mpanopa gua necuu» <atr. rituot’; ruoza «poxa (Go1e3sHb)» <ruoza; rd? «oco6an HakoxHaA GonesHb TooBbl» <skréda «eine Schramme, Hautritze»; sal’l, pox. sal’li «rpy6ounpili narap» <arr. sailes; saska «xopex» <atr. sasks; skrétul’ pon. skrédul'i «mus y TKallkoro cTaHKa» <vitr. skrytul’s’; sumpur «pyrateapeTBo Mo afpecy eHHBOTo 4eoBeKa> <sumpurnis, Qual. sumpuris «necuronoBel, BypasaK»; Saléinu <otTcTosBulaaca, mpospayHas (OTHOCHTebHO %uAKOCTH)» <atr. acaSaliejis; Sopka «ryxnoe aiito» <artr. Sopka «pa36uToe BO BpeMsA Hrpb! B KOKaHbe suuo»; fal’t’s’, pox. tal’d’z’i, tar’t’s’ «auct> <starkis; tes’nik, pon. teSnigi «Ha6mioqaioulNi 3a NOPAMKOM Ha PbIHKe, pacilopsAquTeb Ha ppiuke» <tr. fis’n’iks «cyaba»; tsakk «yKpatienue u3 6ymaru (BoKpyr ukoHbI)» <vitr. cakas; tseirul’, dzeirul’ «xapoponoK» <arr. c’eirul’s’; tsepel’nik «ckopopoquuk» < utr. cepel’n’iks; tsilp, pox. tsilbu, tsédlp, pox. 140 is6lbu «3aBa3aBlKiicA yseu, y3e1 B IpsxKe, y3er pu BasKe ceTeli» <cilpa, atr. cylpa; tséba «nocux nopolinuKa», ts6bak6n6é «Kopo6ox cnuyeK» < ciba, arr. cyba; t’s’ekl’, pon, t’s’egl’i, tsékl’ «xupnuuy, ts6glind ahi «new u3 Kupnuya» <str. ceglys; tsdts «HakoHewHuK, 6axpoMa>, cpB. MaTbILIcKOe ceci «cTapoe Tpsanbe»; tulka «KenesHan cnuua B cTynMue Komeca, 6yKca», <JTr. tulka; urvin «Batepnacy <s1r. urodvifé; vaatre «suxpp» <atr. vdatra «<Oypa»; vaidze (Hapewne) «Hago, HyxKHO» <str. vdd’z’d; vool’atama «KaTaTb, CBepTbIBaTb> <vitr. vuol’uot’; vddpla «o6onryc, crumsra> <véplis arr. dapla ut. 2. : Cpequ maTbilicKHx 3aHMCTBOBaHHit BCTpeualoTCA TakHe C/0Ba, KOTOpble NPOHHKI B aTrabcKu WHaleKT H3 pyccKOoro HM Kakoro-1H60 Apyroro ClaBaAHcKoro s3bIka. TlockombKy B A3bIKe JIy3HHCKHX 9CTOHUeB (poHeTHYeCKHE OCOGeCHHOCTH STHX 3AMMCTBOBAHHA CBMETEJIbCTBYIOT O TOM, 4TO OHM MepellM K SCTOHLAM M3 JlaTra/bCKOrO AHaeKTa, BCe 3TH COBa MOryt ObITb MPHUHCMeHbI K MaTbILICKHM 3aHMCTBOBaHHAM. Ilo cBoemMy 3HauYeHHIO OHH OTHOCATCH K CaMbIM Pa3IHUHBIM OOaCTHM 2%KH3HH U ObITa — KaK K XO3AlCTBEHHOH, NPOMbICNOBOM, TaK H K KYJbTYPHOM %KU3HH Hapoma. Bombuladt YacTb STOH 3aHMCTBOBAHHOM JIeKCHKH CBHAeTeMLCTBYeT O TOM, 4TO JAaTHILIM MH MeCTHbIe 9CTOHUBI XMM B TCCHOM MIOBCeqHeEBHOM KOHTAaKTe pyr ¢ ApyroM, uTO H MpHBeO K ABYASHIUHIO. OcoGeHHo ApeBHHMH ceqyeT MPH3HaTb TaKHe MOMHOCTbIO SCTOHUSHPpoBaBliHecA JaTbIlIcKHe copa, Kak kutél’, rdada?, pat’s’min’, poor’s’t’. B HekoTopbIx cy4aax, HApALy c NOMOOHBIM ApeBHHM BapHaHToM, ynoTpedaaeTca H Gouee NO3HAA 3aMMCTBOBaHHaH (bopMa CJloBa, HanpHMep: dundur u tundur, griusli « kriusli u v. n. Jlatpimckue 3aMMcTBOBaHHA NepellsHu B M€CTHBIM SCTOHCKHi A3bIK, M0-BHAHMOMY, M3 JaTrabeKOTO WHaeKTa, HO HeKOTOPbIe c0Ba, Kak HanpuMep, kartupel’, tal’t’s’ unu tar’t’s’, 3aumMcTBOBaHbl H3 OOWleHAaPpOAHOTO MaTHILICKOTO A3bIKA. Hapsany ¢ marbiuickKuMu COBaMH B JyJ3HHCKOM JHaJleKTe 39CTOHCKOrO A3bIKa BCTPevaloTCA TakKKe H CaBAHCKHe 3aMMCTBOBaHUA, MpHyeM B OOuIbWIHHCTBE CJIy¥aeB MpOHCXO*KAeHMe UX He MOAMaeTcCA TOUHOMy ompexesteHHIO, MOCKOMBKy OHETHeCKHi COCTaB TaKHX CaBAHCKHX 3aHMCTBOBaHHi NO3BOJIAeT MPH3HATb UX KaK PYyCCKHMH, OeOpyccKHMH, TaK H MOJbCKHMH 3aMMCTBOBaHHAMH, HanpuMep: paaba (6onee mpeBHee 3aHMCTBOBaHHe) «KeHUMMHA, CTapyxa> <pycck. 6a6a, Genop. 6a6a, nonsex. baba; domm, pon. domma «qom» <pycck. u 6enop. dom, nompex. dom; draatva «mposonoKa, ApatBa» <pyccK. H G6etop. Oparea, nonpeKx. dratwa; Viis’na «numuHuii> <pycck. auwnuti, 6enop. aiwni, nonpex. liszni; stal’l, pon. stal’li «ctanb» <pycck. u 6enop. crazo, nonpcx. stal; K aTOi rpynne cm0B OTHOCHTCA TaK- “Ke 3auMcTBoBaHHe sid’i, sidi «eppeli» <pycck. #ud, GenOp. 29610, NObCK. zyd w Tv. n. UctouHvKOM 93THX 3aHMCTBOBAHHi ABJINeTCH OHH 3 ynoMsHYTBIX BDI CaBAHCKHX ASbIKOB, MPHUeM Ha Pa3MHYHbIX yYacTKaX Ay A3HHckoro MasiekTa B pa3/JIMYHbIe MepHOAbl BPeMeHH 3aHMCTBOBaHHe MOrsO MPOMCXOMHTh H3 PasHBbIX CaBAHCKHX ASbIKOB. B ayA8WHCKOM JHaleKTe SCTOHCKOTO S3bIKa BCTPpeyaeTcA MOBObHO MHOrO HW TaKHX 3aMMCTBOBAHHbIX COB, (POHETHYECKHii COCTaB KOTOPBIX CBH141 JeTesbCTByeT O HX MO/IbCKOM HH GOenOpyccKOM MpOHCXOKAeHHH, Halp.: bul’ba, bul’bas, pox. bul’ba wu nonHocThiO SCTOHHSMpOBaBUIMlica BapHaHT storo copa pul’ba «KapTodpenb» <nompcK. bulba, Genop. 6y206a; béss «cupenb» <bez, 6e3; drott, pox. drota «npononoxa» <drot~drét, Opor; drukavoodma «nevatath» <drukowaé, Opykaeayo; déohavits «oppitKa, actma» <dychawica, Ooixaeuya; hot’s’ «xota, xoTa Onl». <choé, xotb; in'dik, pon. in’digu «uugiox» <indyk, indo; kaplit’s, pox. RapVidza «4acopna» <kaplica, kanaiua; kapSuk «xowlenek, TaGakepKa» <kapczuk, kapciuch «xanmyK>; knott «buruab» <knot, Kxor; kommen, poy. komena <komin, komin; k’s’ondz, pon. k’s’ondza, a TakxKe B Gomee SCTOHHSHpOBaBulelica (opme Sjondz «xcéu3» <ksigdz, xcéun3; kul’ba «Kaprodenby <gulba, eyac6a; kurtka «xenckan Koda, BasaHKka, cyalixa» <kurtka, kyptka; lantsuk, poy. lantsuga «uenb> (B CKa3Ke TakKyKe «y3qeuKa Ha TOwopKe BomKa>) <lancuch, aanyye; lidldkene «kykaa»<lala, aaa; parahvia «npuxol» <parafja, napadia; pladim, pox. pladmé «nsaTuo, Kparmuxa>, siindiimeze plédm «poaumoe natHo»> < plama, naama; puska, puska «Kopo6kKa, (byraap», tuvagu puska «raOaKepKa fin HIoxaTebHOrO TaGaKka» <puszka, nywka; ratunka «noMollb, ciacenue» <ratunek, Gonee ctrapaa copma take ratunk, paTyxak, pol. paryxKa; ruuza «po3sa (6one3Hb)» <rdza, B G6eslopyccKux AHaneKTax pyoca; Skapleri?, skapleri? «HaumTblii Ha MaTepHiO KPeCT, KOTOPbIii KATOMMKH, NpHNucbIBalOllMe eMy 3HayeHHe pewuTHO3HOTO TaJI#CMaHa, OOBIMHO HOCAT Ha Wee» <szkaplerz, wKannepol; tal’ka «touKan Mmatepua» <talka, taaoka; tsuuda «ayno» <cud, cudo, yy, yyOa; ts6buk, pox. ts6buka «4epenox tpyOKxu» <cybuch, yot6yxK; PSit's «<4yTb, HEMHO*KeUKO» <czué, wyyo; voit «HaqcmoTpulnK» <wojt, BolT u T. 4. CneqyeT oTMeTHTb mpexkye Bcero TOT (pakT, 4TO BCe NpHBeAeHHbIe BbIWe MOIbCKHe HH OeOpyccKHe 3aMMCTBOBAHUA BeTpeyaloTcA ‘TaKxKe H B JaTrabCKOM fHaJlieKTe JlaTbIicKoro A3bika. IIpHHuMaad BO BHHMaHHe XapakTepHble OcOGeHHOCTH STO PpyNMb! CMaBAHCKHX 3aMMCTBOBAHHH, MOXKHO HpCANOMOAKUTH, uTO OoOMbiiad “acTb MX MPOHHKa Kak B JIYA3HHCKHii MHaJeKT 3CTOHCKOFO A3bIKa, TAK M B Apyrue A3bIKH 3acemajoulMx JlaTranuio HapOMOB, CKOpee BCeFO M3 NMOJIbCKOTO A3bIKa, TAK KaK MOUTH BCe 9TH CJOBa MpeACcTaBAMOT CcOOOI0 TAaKHe MOHATHA KyJbTYpbI H ObilTa, KOTOPHIe NarTTabCKHe KpeCTbAHe MepeHANH OT NOAKOB. BnowHe BO3MOXKHO, YTO HEKOTOpble H3 HHX MepeliIM B ICTOHCKHI MyA3MHCKHH AHaNeKT He M3 MObCKOTO, a OemOpyccKoro AZbIKa, HO TOUHOe ONpeAeeHHe MyTH 3auMCTBOBaHHA CeliYaC HEBOSMOXKHO H3-3a OTCYTCTBHA HeOOXOAHMBIX JIA JTOFO ASbIKOBBIX KpHTepuHes. B s3bike JIYA3HHCKHX 9CTOHWEB MMEIOTCA, KOHeYHO, H TaKHe 3aHMcTBOBaHHA, MOMbCKOe HAH GenopyccKoe MpOHCXO*K ene KOTOPbIX He BbI3bIBaeT COMHeHHA. Tak, HanpHMep, HECOMHEHHBIMH MO/IbCKHMH 3aHMCTBOBAaHHBIMH CJOBaMH ABJsI0TCA: apostol «anocton» <apostol (6yay4u mo BePpOHCHOBeaHHIO KaTONMKaMH, JIYA3HHCKHe SCTOHIbI He MOP 3aMMCTBOBaTh 3TO CJIOBO M3 pyCCKOrO HAH WepKOBHOCMaBAHCKOrO A3bIKOB); magli «KaToK aaa Oetba» <magiel; obroz, poy. obroza «uKxoHa, o6pa3» <obraz (uv 9T0 142 COBO MOMIO MPOHHKHYTb B MeCTHBIii SCTOHCKHii WHaseKT JMUIb OT KaTOMHKOB-NOJAKOB) HT. 2. j ZlosobHO MHOrHe cOBa HMeIOT HECOMHeEHHOe GesopyccKoe MpoucxoxNeuve, HampuMmep: dol’nik, pon. dol’nigi «pa6otuux, 6aTpak, KOTOpomy XO3AHH HE BbIMMaYMBadl *KaOBAHbA, a JIMILb KOPMHMJI MU OfeBa ero» <do’bnik; drut’Sein «rpytenb» <tTpyueHb; déuzin «miomuna>» <fmMaJ. GenopyccKoe OsromcvlHa; dudar «ponbinuuK» <dyOap; hvat’sér «kBapTupa» <qAuau. GemopyccKoe xeayepa; kab «uto, uT06bI, AA Toro, YTO6HIy <Ka6b; Ruut’sli, koot’s'Ti «kynenb» <Kydsean (2TO GeopyccKoe COBO MPOHUKIO Takxe ni B J[pyrHe 10xKHbIe TOBOpbI acTOHCKorO s3bIKa); lavonihha «<onpeneneHublit TaHell» <seonixa; loska «mocteib, KpOBaTb» <“20%CaK, pon. 202CKA (nompexoe 162ko choneTuuecKkH mpexctapmaer co6o10 Ooytee oTqaneHubli BapHaHT); muza, moza, moz, mos, musa «MoxweT ObITb, BO3MOXKHOY <MOaca; pat’s’an «auct» <Oayyan; saussim «copcem>» <Man. 3agcim (B ANT. ssbike 3ycim); suhhota «<uaxotka» <cyxoTol, pox. cyxorag; tsi «nnn» (mddne sul jelo, t’s’i haa jelo vai halv? «kaxospa TBOA 2KU3Hb, HIM XOpomaa wan mioxai») <wi; tul’t’s’a «ropoxopaa Kala» <cTyAouyol; vargan «opraH», varganist «opranuct> <jMal. OenopyccKoe eapeaHn, Bapeano u eapeanicr u T. 4.4 BenopycckuM no MponcxoxKAeHHIO ABAACTCA, BOSMOXKHO, u cnoBo krddzotaja?, o6o3Hauatiollee MeBUOB, KOTOpble B KaHYH MpasqHUKa NOIOT MO OKHAMM «euHaepayYys Kpacna 3”AéHA»; 2CTOHCKMH BapwaHT 3TOTO copa O6pa30Bascs, MO-BHAMMOMy, nYTeM UCKaxKewHa ciloBa BuNaepayus. BejiopycckuM, mo Bceii BeposTHocTH, ABseTCA TaK2%KE H c0BO harmooniki «<TapMOHB» <eapMOHik, Ha 4TO yKasbiBaeT H HayadbHoe A. Lenni pan UApyrux BcTpeyalouluxcAd B JIYA3HHCKOM fMaJleKTe 3aHMCTBOBAHHBIX CJIOB 10 CBOeMy SBYKOBOMY COcTaBy TakxKe cBA3aHbI Cc OesOpyccCKHM sA3bIKOM, Hanpumep: t’s’il’igrdmm, pox. t’s’il’igrdmma «tenerpamma>; ?t’s’ilifon, pox. tsilifona «teneou»; skarlat’s’iina «ckapnaruna>; sent’s’aabr «ceutadpp». Ha ux GenopyccKkoe mpoucxomeHHe ykKa3bIBaeT XapakTepHOe LA Gesopycckoro ssbika cmaruenue ¢’ u mepexog ero B c’. Ha teppuropun Jlatranun B CBOe BPpeMA ObIIO MOBOJIbHO MHOrO YHHOBHHKOB-Gemopycos, KoTOppie IpOu3HOCHIN pyccKHe cmoBa Ha GedlopyccKuii aq, YTO MU OKasaIO BAMAHHE Wa MpOH3HOWeHHe HX JyA3HHCKMMH acTOHaMH. TlosToMy sbillenpHBereHHbI€ CJIOBa BCe-TaKH 3aHMCTBOBAaHLI H3 pyccKOrO sA3biKa. Bo3MoxXHO, 4TO cleqb GeopyccKoro BAHAHHA CKa3bIBalOTCA H Ha TaKHX PyCCKHX 3aHMcTBOBaHHAX, Kak Hanpumep, Aloksik6nd «aoKxca», horm, pox. horma «opMa», hunddment «byunament> < pycck. @aoKca, @opma, mynOamext, KoTopble Ha OemopyccKoli nouBe 3By4aT Kak XeAOKC, xeopMa, XeyHOaMeHT. Samena cordacuoro f coveTaHHemM 3BYKOB x6 HaGsOjaeTcA TakxKe B Ies1OM Pse PpyCCKHX AHaeKTOB, H MOITOMY BMOHe BO3MOXKHO H faxe Golec UpaBgonof06Ho, yTO MpHBeAeHHble BbIIe CMOBa Obl 3aHMCTBOBAHbI Ayt3HHCKHMH 9CTOHWAMH 3 PYCCKHX MMa/eKTOB. 4 OrnocutebHO 6enopycckux CAOB, B ocO6eHHOCTH HX HadeKTHBIX BapHanTob, WeHHBe ykasanua 6pimH Janel aBTopy craTbu Ao. M. WM. Cemenosoii, koropaa sBanetca 3HaToKOM B O6acTH pyccKHX HM GenopyccKux roBopos. 143 Tepemenume us SetopyccKoro s3bIKa 3AUMCTBOBAHHbIe CJIOBa 0 CBOeMY 3Ha¥eHHIO OTHOCHTCA K CaMBIM PasHYHbIM OGACTAM 2%KHSHH HM ObITa H B 3TOM OTHOIICHHH Mao 4YeM OTHYAIOTCH OT JaTbILICKHX 3aHMCTBOBAaHHH. 3ro oGbacHaeTca TeM, YTO KaK MYASHHCKMe KPeCTbAHe-3CTOHUBI, TAK H HX COCeMH aTbIIH u Gemopyccb! Obl B CBOe BpeMA Ha COBEPLIeCHHO O/HHaKOBOM MOJO2%KeHHH, XKHIH B OMMHAKOBBIX YCJOBHAX, IPHY€M 3aHMCTBOBaHHe H3 OMHOFO A3bIKa B APYyroi MpPOMCXOANO NyTeM ABYASHIMHA HIN Jaxke MHOTOS3bIUHA BCero MecTHoro HaceeHua. [Ipnpegenubie billie OeHOpyccKHe 3aMMCTBOBaHHBle C/IOBa, MpOHHKUIMe B JYASHHCKHi AMaleKT SCTOHCKOrO s3biKa, BCTpeyaloTcA Take WH B JaTTabCKOM AMaJeKTe Ja THILICKOTO A3bIKa, a B OCOOCHHOCTH Ha TeX y4acTKaX, Te MaTbIIWH.H 9CTOHUbI KHBYT B HeMocpeACTBeHHOM cocemcTBe Apyr ¢ Apyrom. B 6NsKoponcTBeHHEIX GenopyccKOM H, pyCCKOM ABbIKaX CJIOBapHbIii coctaB BO MHOrOM OMHHakOB, MpHueM 9Ta OOMHOCTh CKasbIBaeTCH Tak2«Ke HB (oHeTHUeCKOl CTpyKType c1OB (JIMIIb B OCHOBaX opdorpadun yctaHaBiuBalorca pasiuuua). Ilo sto mpHunne B WesOM pase cyyaeB O4CHb TpyAHO TOUHO OMpemeMuTb, M3 KaKOTO HMeHHO s3bIKa, pyccKOro HIM Gedopycekoro, ObII0 3AMMCTBOBAHO TO HIM HHOe COBO, Nepelllemiuece B YASH cKHii AMasleKT scToucKoro s3biKa. Kapruna ycuoxHaeTca B elle Goubuteli cTeleHH B pe3yvIbTaTe TOTO, YTO B MeCTHEIX pycCKHX roBopax HeMaJO 06Wx c GeopyccKHM A3bIKOM (boHeTHYeCKHX OCOGeHHOCTEH, Kak HallpHMep, ’ apnenve akanbs. TlostoMy pycCKHMHM JIM GeopyccKHMH 10 CBOeMy IpoucxoxKaenmio Moryt SbITb caenyoulMe: 3aMMcTBOBaHHEIe copa: aSsol <pyeck. océa, Genop. acéa; balbatama <pycck. 6orborats, Genop. 6aa6aray; birka < 6upKa, OipKa; bliin << Oaun, Onin; bulan < 6ynaxolii, byaanet; bul’oon <6yaoon, 6yaén; burlak «Monogoi uenoBek, KoTOpbIii BbIwien 13 qepeBHH Ha 3apa6oTKH» <6ypaax; dalaziitama, <doaosxuTo, Oaaanceys; dul’i, duul’ak6né «rpyuia> <Oyaa; halieri <xoaepa, xaaepa; hitra <xurpeui, xitpo; huttatr <xyrop, xyrap; idrusk, pox. idruski u idrud’z’i? <uepuwwe, iepouyua; ikatama «3auKaTpca» <uxaro, ixayo; juska <pycck. eotowKa, rouka, 6enop. rouKxa; kal'idoora «Kopuqop» <pycck. qHadlekTHOe Kaaudop, Genop. Kaaidop; kalun, pon. kaluna <Koayn, KaayH; kan’ok, pox. kan’ka <Konéx, kanéx; kantora «BOJIOCTHOM OM» <KOHXTOpA, kantopa; kantrol’l <KoxTporo, KaxTpoav; kapatama <KonaTo, Kanayo; karoozda <Kopocra, kapocta; kazatSkaa <Kaszauok, pox. Kasauka; kepka <kenka; kisset, pon. kisseda < xucer, Kicer; kitaitsa? < Kuratiyel, Kiraiyol; kulak <xyaak; liiza?, loeza? <avwa; lomm <aom; maitnik <maaruuk, maatHik; maner’n’ak6né < manepka; masselna < macaexnuya, macaeHiya; moska <mouka; nassilka? <Hocuaku, xaciaki; n'emtsi < Hemey; ni-miad ni jadle <uto uu-6yab» <au, ni; pal'eri? «o6ou» <wnanepu; palka <naaka; pazar, pox. pazara < nosap, naxap; plintavotma < nauxroearTe, NAixrasa; puzan < nysax; raade < pad; razboinik < pas6otinuK, pasbotnix; rulSnik <pyunux, pyanik; salavei <conoeett, caanseii; samavar <camoeap, camaeap; sort, poy. sorta <copr; sutka <cyTKu (AWaseKTHOe cyTKa), cyTxi (aman. cytKa); Suulik <oeyauK, myaix; sveeza <ceenutl, ceeaol; torp, pox. torba <rop6a; tsérkul’ <yupkyas, yoipxyrv; tSai <4au; 144 tuusk, pon. tuuza<ry3; vual<ean; vaasna vaaéna<Keawanan; vaina<eotna, gatina; verna <6epHo, Bepxa; votr, pon. védra <eol0pa u T. B. YuuTbipan o6uni (boH 3aHMCTBOBaHHh, CleyeT mpeqnouaratb, uTO Ooubilad 4acTb OTHOCALLMXCA K STO rpynne cop Oblia mepeHaATa Bce-TaKH OT PYCCKHX, TaK KaK MpMBeAeHHble BbILe 3aMMCTBOBAHHA, MMCIOULHe B OCHOBHOM KyJIbTYpHOe AMHHUCTPaTHBHOe, OTHOCALIMeCA K TOPOMCKOli 2USHH 3HAYeHHE, MOTH MepeliTH K JIyQ3HHCKHM 3CTOHIaM cKOpee Bcero M3 pyCCKOrO ASbIKa. TlonaTua, CBASaHHbIe C JepeBeHCKHM ObITOM H 2KH3HbIO, B CBOIO OUepesb, MOrIH ObITb 34HMCTBOBAHbI Kak M3 pycCKOrO, Tak H H3 OeMOpyccKOrO ASBbIKOB, MOCKOJIbKy, KaK yKa3bIBaJlOCb Bblllle, pyccKHe Hu OesOpychl XKHIH B HemocpecTBeHHOM cocefxcTBe c JYA3HHCKHMH scTOHMamMH. BeaopyccKaa uHTemHreHiua B Jlatranuu HepeyqKO TOBOpHsa MO-pyCCKH HeCKOJIbKO Ha OeNOpyccKHii af, YTO CKa3bIBaIOCb KaK B JI@KCHKe, TaK H B HX MPOH3HOmenu, Tlogo6upili cMellaHHblii A3bIK OKa3a1, MexKAY NPOYHM, BAMAHHE Ha MpOH3HOWeHHe TaKOTO 3aHMCTBOBaHHOrO JIyYA3HHCKHMU 3CTOHIAMM C/0Ba, Kak raSeenija <pycckoe pewenue, Genop. pawanue. Han6ompuiee KOAMYeCTBO CJIaBAHCKHX 3AHMCTBOBAHHH B ASBIKe JyT3HHCKHX SCTOHIER To CBOeEMy MpOHCxowMeHMIO pyccKHe c/OBa, TaK Kak pyccKHii ASbIK, HAYMHaA cO BTOPOl NOOBMHBI Mpowmoro croneTHA fo OKTAOPHCKOH peBOmOUHH Obi B JlaTraqHH eMHHCTBEHHBIM aMHHHCTpaTUBHbIM HM OCHOBHBIM KYbTypHBIM cpegcTBom oGmenua. Tlostomy mourn Bce 6e3 HCKJIOYCHHA HOBbIC MOHATHA, C KOTOPBIMH JlaTraMbCKHH KpPeCTbAHHH 3HAKOMHJICH 3a MmpesetaMH cBoeli MepeBeHCKOH OOMIMHEI, OOOSHAAaIOTCA B PeYH JyA3HHCKHX SCTOHNeB 3aMMCTBOBAHHBIMH H3 PyCCKOTO A3bIKa CJIOBaMu. Bmecte c TeM, PpyCCKHii a3bIK Hrpad BaxKHY!O POJb TakxKe HW B MepHor (peoJambHoro cTpoA, Ha YTO yKa3bIBalOT y2Ke MPHBeMeHHbIe BbILe 3AHMCTBOspanua. Kpome Toro, HMeHHO Ha PYCCKOM A3bIKe MPOHCXOMMO B3auMHOe OOmeHHe NaTraIbCcKUXx «<6ypJlaKoB», KOra OHH BbIC32KaM 3a MpeMewbl CBoero poaHoro mecta. HspecrHo, uTO NOBObHO OobIOe KOMHYeCTBO JaTraJbCKOM MOJO{e%xKH BbIe3KaIO—B JeTHHH mepHox B OcoGeHHOCTH— Ha pa3JIM4HbIe Ce3OHHBIE pa6orst Ha fasleKO OTCTOAMIHE OT MOMa* TEPppHTOPHH PpycckKoro AS3bIKa. Us pycckoro a3bIKa 3aHMCTBOBaHbI ClegyiolMe copa: abiidna <pMan. O6uOHO, uMelOlllee 3HAaYeHHe «O4eCHb, OYCHb MHOTO, H306HbHO», abrdtno <o6parno; advakdt, pon. advakdta <adeoxar; ahvitséer <oqbuyep; aprél’l <anpeao; bagdan «pueOpaunblii pebexoK» <6oedan; baranka? <6apanku; ben’2’inka «saxuranka» <6ex3unKa; burdoova <fuan. bypdosoit (aur. Oopdoeeui); da <a; deeda «myx, nen» <0ed; dekaabr <deKabpo; d’ela, d’jeela <deao; divavoitma <dueuteca; famil’ija <pamuauan; flota <qaor; garlaviina <2opaoeuxa; girr, pox. girra <eupa; gluhhoja <eayxou; gos’t’ kos’t’ <eocto; ind’uk, pon. ind’uga <uxdioK; jaakor <skope; janvaar, janvaar’ <sxeapo; joozik <éocux; jull <utoao; jun’ni <uiono; kRammuna, kannuma <xommyna; kanalia, kannalia <Kanaaoz; karas’sinn < Kepocun; karauul’itma<xapayaute; karman<Kapman; kasamirr «<oco6biit copT,Matepuu» <Kawemup; kokorka «nenéuKa» <KoKopKa; konts, pong. kondza, kon’t’s’, pon. kon'd’z’i <eoxuaa (co6aKka); kooz6r 10. Kalbotyros klausimai VI. 145