Baltų ir slavų akcentuacijos klausimai

Etymologically and based on material from the Baltic languages, cf. lit. falė "pathway through the overgrown meadow- ". For semantics, see lat. taludt "white, uz pale", tals: the cloths lay tala (blue, young) beams, whites". The inaccuracies or omissions mentioned here, of course, are minor and do not affect the essence of the work. In conclusion, we would like to add that the chosen topic (not a linguistic- -ethnic, but a geographical area is being studied) was associated with a very real risk that the conclusions of the work will not go beyond the framework of a regional study. Except for one other case, when the final solution of the question was not possible due to the territory profile of the topic (e.g., the eastern limit of the Baltic hydronymy, the problem of the genesis of suffixes -axxa, -anka, -edka, -HA, -Ha, etc.), the authors, in general, avoided this risk by basing their conclusions not only on the analysis of hydronyms of the Dnieper basin, but also on the studies of other authors. The monograph “Linguistic analysis of hydronyms of Upper Transnistria” is of great importance for science. It is an interesting and significant linguistic work, which could be an example of how from the analysis of linguistic facts it is possible to draw conclusions that are important for many other branches of science. Not only linguists, but also historians, archaeologists, ethnographers, folklorists and other scholars will find a lot of interesting information here about the homeland of the Balts, about the long period of Balt-Slavic “symbiosis- ”, about the former neighbors of the Balts, etc. This work will shed a lot of light on the problem of Baltic-Slavic linguistic relations. |'A. Vanagas R. M. Huannu-CBurbhrtų, Hmennas akuentyauns B GaaTHACKOM H CJIaBAHCKOM (cyan6a akuentyanuonsusix napaaurm), Mocksa, 1963, 178 p. The origin of the intonations and pronunciation systems of the Baltic and Slavic languages is an important problem of Indo-European studies. The decision of this committee will also influence the interpretation of the oldest relations between these languages. Therefore, it is understandable that, when studying the Baltic and Slavic linguistic relations, a lot of attention is paid to the accentuation of these languages. į In recent years, the study of ir accentuation in Baltic Slavic languages has intensified. There have been a number of studies and ir other articles', where considerable space is given to the very white accentuation "K. Mūlenbacha Latvian verb, Redišgėjis, papildinūjis, nobeidzis J. Endzelins, IV sowing, Riga, 1929—1932, p. 128. VA. Vaillant, Grammaire comparėe des langues slaves, I, 1950, Paris; Le problem of Balto-Slavic intonation, BSL, 37, 1936, p. 114 tt; J. Kurviowicz, L'accentuation des langues indo-européennes, Wroclaw—Krakéw, 1952, II I'm sorry. 1958; Chr. S. Stang, Slavonic accentuation, Oslo, 1957; L. Sadnik, Slavic language Accentuation. I. The prehistoric Zeit, Wiesbaden, Germany 1959; E. Nonnenmacher—Pribié, The Baltoslavic Accent and Intonation relations and their quantitative Reflex im slovak, Wiesbaden, 1961; J. Kazlauskas, On the development of the noun pronunciation system in Lithuanian language, „Kalbotyra“, VII, Vilnius, 1963, p. 171—181. 231 the common Indo-European framework of the accentuation paradigm system“ (p. 3). In our opinion, the author of the book has accomplished his task perfectly. Jo The data of the studies suggest that the accentuatir ion systems of the Baltic Slavic languages are ide. continuation of the accentuation system. The carefully collected, analyzed and ir verified material clearly shows that all the nouns of the baritone paradigm of the Lithuanian language (except the group with su long non-apophonic vowel in the root) correspond to Greek, ancient Indo-Germanic ir nouns of the same paradigm. Also, the nouns of the ir Lithuanian language of the mobile accent paradigm correspond to the aforementioned nouns of bų the calculative accent of the Occitan paradigm (p. 83). He's coming. The contraposition "baritone accentuation — paradigm of mobile accent oxytonic paradigm" is essentially iš preserved in Slavic languages. ir V. Ilić-Svitić is one of those who consider the iš accentuation systems of the Baltic ir Slavic languages, on iš the one hand, and the ancient Indian ir and Greek languages, on the other, to be equivalent. iš The traditionalists, meanwhile, considered the accentuation ir systems of the Baltic Slavic languages to be derived from the iš accentuation systems of the Indian and Greek languages. Iš new V. Another principled statement follows from Ilyich-Svitich's approach: the upliftment of the dialect of the Baltic languages is an old, inherited ide. iš the era of linguistic commonality. Therefoir re id. the reconstruction of the Occitan paradigm for ne linguistic commonality (as was done by the representatives of classical linguistics, who relied mainly on the data of the ancient Indian Greek ir languages), but the paradigm of the (p. 12). Even more. It has been noted that the ancient Indian ir Greek language had a clear tendency to establish a colon paradigmatic pronunciation (at the root or the ir ending) tų therefore the accent shift of languages is relative. For example, sen. ind. vfkas “wolf” ir gr. *Adxog „wolf“ is baritone, lit. o wolf (p. 40—41, 85, 115, but ne 11, 44) is the pronunciation of the movable (4 accent paradigm). According to the theory of apophony, the vowel could only be reduced when it was unaccented, so it is assumed that these ancient Indian Greek words were also paradigms of movable ir accent. -In this sense Lithuanian language is more archaic than the ancient Indian Greek language. ir With all this in mind, the author of the work in question writes: “Therefore, the elevation ir of the dialect of the Baltic Slavic languages may ne reflect a Belarusian innovation, but an archaism that disappeared in the ir ancient Indo-Greek languages” (p. 162). Proponents of Balto-Slavic linguistic tų unity consider the accent diversion as an acute į root in some ancient oxytones* as a linguistic innovation. Now this phenomenon can be interpreted in a new way. A considerable number of ir baritons of the Balto-Slavic languages corresponding to the ir oxytons of the ancient Indo-Greek language indicate that the ir abduction of the Balto-Slavic accent is a lawful phenomenon: the old oxytons with su a long neapophonic vowel in the root became bal5 Plg. 5. OrpemM6cknū, ChnaBano-Ganrniūckoe s35iKk0B0e emuHcrso, BS, those and Slavic languages baritones Ne 5, 1954, p. 42. 233 (Hirt's law). V. Dibas observed a similar phenomenon in Italian and Celtic languages, where long accentuated root vowels remained intact, while unaccentuated ones were abbreviated, cf. Latin fūmus, Lithuanian dūmai, Latin dūmi, serby-chorv. nlM and gr. 9064 "bravery", see ind. dhūmdhē. It appears that in the Italic and Celtic languages (as well as in the Baltic and Slavic languages) the consonant was withdrawn from the ending to the root. In the oldest parts of the Rigveda, the consonants of the oxytons mentioned, which are the second components of compound words, are turned back to the root, i.e. they become baritons, e.g. : Shakadhūmas". In connection with this, the author of the reviewed work writes: “Therefore, the deflection of the accent into a syllable with a neapolitan length was, apparently, not specific to Balto-Slavic, but dialectal ide. a process, a possible thing, directly related to the process of laringaly weakening (and falling out) and with the corresponding tonal strengthening of the newly appeared (neapofoniniy) lengths” (p. 164). The data presented in the reviewed work contradicts J. Kurilovičius' statement that id. The 0-stem nouns that form the baritone and the oxytonic paradigms of the mobile accent in the Baltic and Slavic languages have converged into one mobile accent paradigm. V. Iličius-Svitičius gives nineteen examples of the constant accent paradigm in Lithuanian language, corresponding to other dialects. baritones, and thus clearly shows that the coincidence has been a purely Slavic process (p. 119). Therefore, this overlap cannot be considered a common innovation of the Baltic and Slavic languages. Approval of the Baltic and Slavic languages and ide. The authors were able to re-interpret some accentuation phenomena thanks to the abundant and authentic material collected from ancient Lithuanian scripts, grammar and dictionaries, and Lithuanian dialects*. We will mention one more inaccuracy or, in our opinion, controversial statement. The author’s assertion that some north-western Samogitian dialects have two intonations in the original acute syllables (one resulting from the removal of the accent, and the other — of the old accentuated syllables), while they have only one intonation in the original circumlexic syllables (p. 66) is inaccurate. It is based on J. Aleksandravičius' article "Kirtis i. priegaidė in Kretinga dialect“ (LKK, I, 1957, p. 97 etc.). However, that article indicates that the primary circumflex syllables also have two intonations: the middle one, resulting from the deduction of the accent at the root (see laikda~laikai and žėima ~zZiema), and the circumlexical in the old accentuated syllables (see ldiks~laikas, žčima--žiemą). In addition, the article describes the intermediate preposition as follows: "The intermediate preposition is significantly shorter than the solid preposition, pronounced incontinued. If 6 B. A. Ilu6o0, Cokpamtenne A0JArOT B KeJIbTO-HTA/IHNŪCKHX S53bIKAX H ero 3HaueHHe ans Gaaro-caasanckoft Ho HHNOeBponefickof akuenrosorun, BCH, Ne 5, 1961, p. 18. "Tha. Skold, Zur Akzentzuriickziehung auf Akutsilben, ZslPh, IV, 1927, p. 143. 8 In the list of literature we are missing K, Būga, Kirčio ir priegaidės mokslas,,- Lietuvių kalbos žodynas“, I sąs., Kaunas, 1924, p. XIX—LII (=K. Būga, Rinktiniai raštai, III, Vilnius, 1961, p. 19—84) and A. Laigonaitė, Literatūrinės lietuvių kalbos kirčiavimas, Vilnius, 1959. 234 the pronounced phoneme is less tense than the strong-end prepositions. "There is a difference between ji the voice ir and the voiceless voice". (LKK, I, 1957, p. 105). Thus, the middle prefix is a separate intonation, different from the strong. Thus, ir circumflex syllables, like acute ones, ir distinguish two intonations. | It is not possible su to agree with the author's opinion about lit. Purple, lat. pari® pronunciation (p. 77—78). The author remained unaware of the fact that in the Žemaičių dialects, alongside pūrai 2 ir 4 a. p. occurs a poor ir accentuation (1 paradigm; plg. Serbo-Croatian pir, pra). Pronounced as in Babrungenas, Darbėnai, Klaipėda (near the su pond), in Kretinga, Palanga, Pikelis, Seda, Skuodas (near the pond) su 2 ir 4 a. p.). If we agree su with the author that the word pūrai is an old baritone, then in Latvian it should be *pair (=little. pūra:) su rising temptation. In that case, it would be difficult to explain the Latvian stirring preposition, which shows that the word belonged to the paradigm of the mobile accent. | Probably here we have an anonymous noun root 0 (plg. s. Russian. pyro "Spelt", perhaps, pr. pure "Trespe" next to old o-kamieniy masculine nouns, plg. Article 10 mupbe, skr. pūrah). In the singular of ju the paradigm of the passing-by (pair iš white. sing. *parén, plg. Article 10 mpd) the place of its conjugation could be opposed to the plural of the Lithuanian constant conjugation paradigm (pair iš white. pl. *pdra; but plg. Flax 4 a. p. iš white. Lind Greta sing. *linon, plg. Article 10 *‘tvov). The Lithuanian circumflex may have two origins: it may have originated in the singular forms of the singular paradigm by the later mo generalization of the plural (in place of older baritone) or a word used šį in a narrow area borrowing from other Baltic iš dialects (probably Curonian). Considering that Lithuanian į and Latvian forms of this ir word are ir used in western areas, mainly in the area inhabited by Curonians, this is not impossible. Liet. hand ironing su german *wrdnhé ‘angle’ (p. 24) doubtful in phonetic, ir semantic ir terms; to confirm the be author's idea this comparison does not give anything clear (plg. the adjacent oxytonic Germanic gender). Germanic *armaz "hand, upper arm" (plg. got. arms) let. ir arms (greta armos i.) "part of the wheel where the tendon is inserted" parallel to illustrate semantic development "that which is curved" > The possibility of,,hand“ is rejected, because lit. armailafmos is considered Germanism'- ®. A more reliable etymology is hand rifikti. The Baltic material : hardly helps to establish the old Serbo-Croatian word only, túka ar prefix (p. 151). Ir serbo-chorv. tik, tūka "Fett", ir lat. fat ‘Fett’, fat „fett, feist“ may have no metatonia, ir cf. let. ? Older form piri (with -r-); pūrfi may have originated from kvieši=liet. wheat ‘Weizen’, see E. Fraenkel, Lithuanian etymological dictionary, HeidelbergGottingen, tt., 1955 p. 671. 0 K. Baga, Selected Writings, II, Vilnius, 1959, p. 531; K. Alminauskis, Die Germanisms of the Lithuanian, part I: The Germans Lehnwärter im Lithuanian language, Leipzig, 1934, p. 27; Lietuviy kalbos Zodynas, Vilnius, Lithuania 1941, p. 251; E. Fraenkel, LEW, p. 16. 235