Prielinksnio „į“ reikšmės ir vartojimas dabartinėje lietuvių kalboje

LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES MORPHOLOGY SANDARA IR JOS RAIDA L BUBT "UV. 0S TSR SCIENCE THE ACADEMY APPENDIX į APPLICATIONS IR USE DABARTINEJE IN LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES E. VALIULYTE The prefix is į one of the most commonly used semantically ir rich prefixes in Lithuanian language. In literary language, it is used with the final vowel. As is known, in dialects there are considerable su prefix to variants!. The most common variant in. It is mainly consumed in the south ir iš in some eastern Altay and Dzūk dialects (Klvr, Lzd, Smn, Prn, An, Ut, Kp, Drsk, Eiš etc.)?. ir Next used in variants int (An, Ds, Sn, Kš, Grl, Všk etc.), ing ir (Lp, Arm, K¢, Pš, Rd, Nm, Klvr etc.), nor ir (Dv, Arm, Asv etc.), ink ir (Mrc, Kpč et al.), inš ir (Dv, Tvr kt.) ir As you can see, all these variants in their origin are related in. su Variant in (o also int, ing, ingi, ink), in some dialects used next to į ta the same value*. In other dialects in (also int, inš) completely replaces the prefix į. In the latter case, the variants in, int, inš can still be used with the genitive vowel to pass the su preposition on the use ir sferg®. į In the northern part of the ir eastern Highlands, į a slightly southern prefix on ir jo variant an similarly is used as a suffix su instead of a literary prefix 6. Ha. dunseanns, Jlarhuimekie npenzora, I, IOpsess, 1905, p. 87—89; E. Fraenkel, Syntax of Lithuanian Post positions and Prūpositionen, Heidelberg, Germany 1929, p. 36—39; J. Jablonskis, Selected Writings, I, Vilnius, 1957, p. 146—147, 348, 651, 669; P. 2011. The language of the language of the language of 1930, p. 84. ? the ir language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language of the language. The dialectological ir atlas of the Lithuanian Language and Literature Institute (hereinafter referred to as — DAK). * In some dialects, the į ir jo prefixes are pronouncir ed differently. But that is not what we are going to talk about here. * Zr. J. Senkus. The use of prepositions and their more important jų meanings in the Kapsas ir Zanavyk dialects, „LTSR MA Works", series A, 1(8), Vilnius, 1960, p. 134. * Variation in su of prefixes į ir on functions recorded in the following points: Ut, An, Ig, Kvr, Ukm, RS, Ker kt. ir Zr. DAK. ® Such use has been observed in Brz, Ps, Pnd, Rk, Kp, Pn, Rm, Ds, Ukm, Švnč, Ker et al. ir Zr. DAK. 7. Morphological structure of ir Lithuanian language its development ) 97 I. MEANING AND USE OF THE PREFIX to LITTERARY LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE The meaning of į, the preposition, ir like that of other prepositions, usually emerges in prepositional word combinations, where the preposition expresses the relationship between what is said by the main dependent member of the combination. This is why the ir preposition į will be examined in terms of the semantics of the members of the prepositional word combination. In literary Lithuanian, the preposition means: space relations (to drive the city, to put a pocket, to turn right, to knock on the door); 2) the relationship of the purpose (to go to war, to call į a council); 3) 1) changing relationships (turning water, tearing pieces, į electing presidents); 4) į time relationships (to į come in the morning, to get į sick in the spring); 5) comparison relationships (similar to the father). į į į į 1. The Meanings of Spatial Relations The prefix to space relations is used in word combinations, where the main member is usually a verb of movement, and the dependent one is a noun (or other words that replace it) denoting a certain place (or phenomena perceived as a place). The relationships between the spaces expressed by the prefix in are not homogeneous. 1) The meaning of the direction to the inside of something. The prefix in indicates that the movement expressed by the main member of the word combination is directed inside of what is said by the dependent member. This is the main meaning of the prefix to." a) The prefix in has the most pronounced directional meaning in such word combinations, where the dependent member is a noun denoting a place or a specific object of a certain capacity; The main member in such cases is verbs denoting a shift or actions that promote a shift, and also denoting a change of position in space. We had even agreed to go to Canada, as soon as we earned money, but nothing good came out, CvR II 308. And Raul went out to R ygq. BilR I 35. A young boy recently sent to the town returned with some drinks. CvR V 44. Cold and beautiful floats he calmly into the sea and does not want to know anything. Vol.133. Young, grown-ups and even old people slide along the Mykoliukas trail to the park. 4th ed. Restful, but calm, some go to kletj, some to the garden... MykPutS I 36. Then I was a half-man, hungry and cold arrived at the steam mill, near Karklava. CvR II 299. I walked down the side streets home to my room, but neither Chekhov nor Nadson were interested in me that day. 61. Mr. weeping in the house called the commission CvR V 42. Rose was brought to Sonine by her grandmother. 130 pp. 130. Irena, putting the cigarette in a small ashtray, "See. E. Fraenkel, min. veik., pp. 40-44; P. Būtėnas, min. veik., pp. 84-85. 98 | took Elena's hand with his firm hand. VenclGD 151. She brings you a sheep, white as foam, she carries it in a chariot; soup cart. Snr R I 408. Loading logs into wagons. CvR II 313. With great pleasure I started to bottle it. CvR II 274. He took the sick woman into a manure carriage and took her home. VienIMA 14. He took them many miles, put them on a train, and they travelled for no number of days. CvR II 339. It is only necessary to knit, to know how to weave, and to look at the weft threads. Myk-PutS I 59. On the horse sitting, in the loop spida ms, I shot a dove. 102 pp.. The same preposition in can be used in word combinations, whose dependent members are nouns of abstract meaning, meaning a thing that can be perceived as a certain undefined place. Some of these types of prepositional compounds tend to stabber. And man will not return to the yoke ever. 483 and op. You're going to be sent to prison. CvR V 40. Yes, he took her, brought her into trouble, into trouble, despised her... He boasted.- .. of the enemy army being killed and taken prisoner. VenclGD 114 He cannot destroy the life of his brother, nor let his children go from poverty to real famine. 56 and Vol. I liked the fact that in the faces of the people in the hall I saw such strength, such perseverance with which people go to death and to victory. VenclGD 248. She woke up suddenly, as if she had fallen asleep, and her eyes found the child, behind her husband. CvyR V 29. Is there any need for me to risk my own head? VenclGD 108. When he came to his senses, the Cat suffered from such a call, but eventually he got used to it. CvR V 84. In word combinations, when the dependent member is a noun denoting a place or object that can be perceived as a surface, the preposition in is semantically converging on*. su Ir when one į climbed the mountain, another immediatir ely followed, VienIMA 266. After climbing the hill in groups of five to six, the soldiers separated. CyR 11 121. All four Kairiūtes, who came to Piliakalnis on Sundays,- ... VienIMA 267. He remembers how she ran up the stairs, without even knocking, rushed into his studio... VenclGD 117. The shards of that manor house are still carried by the waves to the shores of yurts, where people collect them. KrėvAP 57. Take the horse back to the stall, throw the gold ring to the dust Li. 84 pp.. "Niemand von Užuožerių es Bale, in publik. das fell into the plough. Myk-PutS | 80. (Jurgelis) Ieva, lie down in the meadow.. SruogR III 52. Andrew's mother and Elena began to 'bring to the table. VencIGD 505., Bagdon tired turned into a bed and immediately fell asleep. Ibid., pp. 103. Don't sit down, don't sit down. į JV 749. Plg. : I will go to the mountain, to the hill where my parents are buried. Alif Lam Mim. On those high places, on the grey peaks of those mountains, no man goes up, no beast runs, no bird flies over. Page 247. On Christmas Eve you have to sweep back, bury the garbage and climb on top. Pnd. Immediately they pulled one of the turtles to the shore and let it go. T 1962 No. 47. Let the horse ride on the inflatable. NS 1135, I went out on the highway— already ® E. Frenkel raised one case of a preposition in semantic convergence with on. See. E. Frenkelis, min. veik., p. 40. 7* 99 I'll never be wrong again. Out. A horse climbed for the third time on the green lawn. KrēvP 38. Dwok feet on the table. Rsn. As he turns on the bed, murmuring... ŽemR I 12. He dropped the backhand basket. VenclGD 48. b) The meaning of į ko the direction, although inside, is clear when the dependent ir member of the word combination is nouns denoting mass treear ga (sometimes acquiring this meaning in context); The main member in such cases usually follows verbs, meaning penetration, penetration or the like. The plough did not succumb to the ji plough: here it dug too deep, į there it crawled on the surface. CvR 11 137. He didn't feel the pointed jo nails on the į virgin's hands. LzPR I 119. Už hills, fir grove, dug the earth į for weaving rolls, yarn, iron objects, grain clothes. ir CvR II 122. Flask shards melted the į fence o aš I just barely got out of it. VienIMA 201. As time went by, the foundations of the cottage sank į deeper and deeper into the ground, the ceiling tightened closer and closer to the roof. CvR II 280. Nails stuck in the naked chest. SNėrR 1233. Punch the į needle into the ball. Er. Hit a į mare with that knife, you're gonna die. Btg. Po verbs In this case, the meaning of the inner į direction of į the preposition is very vague, it is semanticalir ly closer to the preposition za. su “Tarutienė saw how their Naras climbed to the feet of the policemen’s horse… CvR V 216. Stepukas tied a skate to his right leg, a rope to his left leg, so that he could better break į the ice, and ran ir away. CvR 11 207. So strongly convinced by their patron, the residents of Paliekne quickly and cheerfully went to work. LzPR II 93. A little child hangs on the mother's į rope. Kps. He was still hanging on to life, į did not want to lose contact with it. VenclGD 15. Plg. : The ir už shavings of a razor. Angry. Don't už hold a hot stick—you'll burn your nails. Vvr. Today the cold is behind the ears. Ch. c) Finally, the preposition has a spoken į meaning in ir such word combinations, whose dependent members are nouns, denoting flexible, plastic objects, the surroundino g, covering of the main — members. mo ar Mr. verbs of the same meaning (wrap cheese in paper plg. į put the cheese on paper). The shepherds found a dead child in the huts, a bull's-eye į and a grave. yZemR III 144. He tied them in canvas and hid them deep where no one could find them. gą ir CvR II 325. Ir a veil of ji snow į covers me. SNėrR I 150. The women of the village of Vanagai, especially the younger ones, if they had į to walk around the town, į now wore scarves, hid their faces and smoked... CyR II 226. Monica wrapped herself even more tightly in a thick woolen scarf. CvRV 187. i The meaning of the inward-directing prefix in all cases of its use can be reinforced, emphasized by the conjugated verb prefix j-°. A black-clad guest entered the courtyard. Ibid., pp. 112. In the evening we entered the forest. CvR II 358. [after descending to klételg, 8 See. J. Paulauskas, The functions of verb prepositions in contemporary Lithuanian literary language, Literature and Language, vol. 3, Vilnius, 1958, p. 345. 100 { still not allowed into the cabin. 122 and 123. The man with the papers climbed into the sleigh so that everyone could see and hear him. Myk-PutS I 12. Goodhearted Ulijona put cherries on a plate... CvR V 30. Get yourself some apples in Rkišeniai. Kps. She just waited for the man to come in. CvR II 383. Lying on a stick with all his weight, his head deeply drawn į into the collar of the cotton, Prakapas walked, crouched, depressed, CvR II 52. He suffered, he suffered, and then he got stuck somewhere in the swamp... CvR II 310. It immediately penetrated the soil with the tines of its several ploughs... CvR II 414. The enemy tick sucked into the body of the homeland. 298 pp. 298. He was not there, only the fork was stirring, stuck in the hay. CvR V 106. Rymeikai, hearing it, I wonder what struck him in the heart.. LzPR II 54. The mother of the ivar in the palm of the hand... CvR II 144. As if I were alive and felt the pillar of an old bridge, deeply embedded in the riverbed- ... Elena held herself tightly, holding her brother- 's arm in the wide brown jacket. "« VenclGD 119. She pulled out a ring wrapped in pink paper. CvR V 80. Often his mother would tie eggs in a bag... CvR II 135. The father grabbed the hat from the thief, wrapped himself in a warmer fur coat, and snorted through the snow in the day and night. At the instruction of Yuro, the mother squeezed the flute into the patient's hand, but the sign did not change. CvR V 174. In the streets people were hurrying to put on collars, tightly iS iflow into coats. T 1962 No. 37. 2) The meaning of the direction to any side. The prefix in indicates that the action said by the main member of the word combination takes place in the direction indicated by the dependent member. In addition to the prepositions, there are several prepositions with the same meaning. $ a) The preposition in has the most pronounced directional meaning in word combinations where the dependent member is a noun of a more general meaning, indicating certain points of reference in space. From the manor to the right there is a high road paved with narrow branches. Myk-PutS I 54. We look far to the left, a canvas of white sand. Snr I 279. Near noon, the sun is moving south. KrėvAP 72. A long shadow extended to the west, į overshadowiįr ng only the red mountain range. 198. The western heat has already gone far north. Myk-PutS I 36. Thread after thread, the pattern grew and moved forward. Myk-PutS I 60. Again a bright flame jumped up. Ibid., pp. 118. From a large, dark pile of trees, a white palace tower shoots up... Myk-PutS I 54. The hearts of the punishers start to beat faster, the eyes look more boldly into the distance. Myk-PutS I 47. He would run away. CyR V 142. Storm i Song turns with cloud mountains. 256 pp. 256. b) The meaning of the direction towards something is also pronounced in compounds, whose dependent members are words denoting persons, less often — objects, which are also perceived as certain landmarks in space. 101 He turned ir and began to į run away from the enemy. Lk Į tankists they stretched out their arms as į their saviors. VenclGD 186. Severya, this time without friends, walked steeply towards the runner. 60 and op. She walked straight to me, whistling with her į staff. ir BilR I 219. I just fell in love, we just talked—we were thrown at with evil words. GirRP 32. They saw that the soldier was faster and faster, almost teking, descending on them. CvR V 13. The old man, pulling up one sleeve here and another here, asked to be told who this už was, where į he was talking, what had happened here? CvR V 46. The flower of į hope will stretch the sun, it does not tolerate autumn frost. NN R I 318. Ir birch hands sky at į greeting cranes, returning swans. SNėrR I 176. Guest praises, enjoys Vaiva, eye eats, o ji more and more the į door slides.. KrėvAP 48. Wild apples ir and pears are like snow-covered trees, leaning to the ground. 235 and op. He started są to run. LzPR I 116. Put the bridge up, į baby. ir — Pc. The meaning ko of the direction though towards can be emphasized by the noun pusė "side, side", which is always used in conjunction with the conjugated or unconjugated adjective. This is the place where the action takes place or is directed. In this way, the preposition in can express the direction of movement towards any place or object. Du the men gazed at the window, talked, and looked at the side of the fire. su į CvR V 202. A group of friends spent several years in Vilnius. IBP 13. He left and went to his brother John. VienR V 99. We turned in the direction of the scream. Grl. Let's go the same way. A wolf. It should be noted that the preposition in the meaning spoken of is also used after "verbs (rarely adjectives) that indicate state, position'?. Už In the fields of the Višinskynė manor, on the side of the alder tree, there ir were men and women's bands. CvR V 45. Only the green branches į are as high as the hands. KrėvAP 83. Lying in bed, facing | the wall, Rilgled... CvR II 107. One slept heads, į the other —į legs se. pu CvR V 117. The south is warmer, the north is colder. J. Here the mountain of larger bulbés. į Pc. "Where į the wind windows have invited (frosted- )". Uzv. The prefix in with the same meaning is also possible after nouns that denote specific objects. The old house was replaced by a new shallow house with blue windows to the wide plain of fields. CvR II 327. —In my cosy room with a balcony overlooking the northern mountains, on the table lay fourteen books by Chekhov.- .. As can be seen from the given examples, this meaning of the prefix to is very close to the main one: they both indicate an approximation, only the colloquial meaning is already 0. E. Fraenkel, min. veik., p. 50. 102 does not mean ‘internal’. In the case of to prepositional compounds, the verbs with the prefix inare not used as principal members. su 3) The į meaning of the directional action on the touching object. The prefix į indicates the direction of the į object said by the dependent member, which is affected by the action expressed by the principal member!!. The use of the prefix in the spoken meaning į is more limited by the lexical meaning of the main word member. It is followed by verbs signifying contact strike atostimj. In these cases, the dependent — member is a ar noun that denotes a specific object. At midnight again, someone started knocking hard on our front door. VienIMA 78. The small chair, į which her hands ir were constantly lifting, quietly pounded į the floor. CvR II 240. The heads ir of the faded, overripe beetles rushed into the window like a strange, lost passenger... CyR V 179. The waves only crush the sandy shore of the dunes. į GirRP 108. Rapol, too hungry, had nothing to say, but just knocked his fingers at the table. 48th and 49th. The calf could have hit the wall and hurt himself... CvR II 204. Vincek cried with joy and kissed his father's hand. SRagR IV 7. He threw his head back into the trunk of the cross. LzPR II 11. They were surrounded by į the enemy, a cold river flowing. I 382. He slipped over the border, and found himself in front of a cold wall. ZemR III 154. — One or two ar small blossoms thrown off į jo the helmet. CvR II 401. Finally, his whole body formed a solid į object fell to ir the ground. BilR I 111. The high elf laughed brightly and hit the ir bench with his head so hard that į even the saliva poured out of his mouth... The wide and cold waters of the river are filled with rows of dark sea turtles. į CvR II 99. Po verbs that usually mean to strike (or the receipt of a blow), the preposition į is quite synonymous with the su preposition over. But I managed to hit him with all iš my strength on the head of the fist— į pardoneir d. CvR II 80. A little plush soldier, with bent legs, su ran to the old man and struck him in the ear. ir į CvR II 123. You're gonna į scratch if I cut your ear! Skr. Su with his horns he carved a muzzle į for the wolf. PP 28. Thunderbolts set į the ir house on fire. Ds. When I muzzle you, you'll į shut up. Jrb. Fritz, defending himself from flies, flapped his tail The face į of the kitten. CvR II 137. Strim was beaten—in the face, chest, į back. į VenclGD 160. He was walking in his palace park, splashing his lacquered shoe boot in the reed... į Myk-PutS I 83. Strike three times the į water ir commanded, as the ir first time, the dragon to appear (ps.) Tt. A stone su fell from the tree and hit the old ir woman's head. į Rk. Tu You can get a į muzzle. CvR II 310. Plg. : Smogė Stonslov with a large brick through the wide belly, Laurinaituké o a good-looking little girl slammed through the bucket and crashed on ir the threshold opening. LzPR II 112. The captain struck his fist against the table so that the whole room shook. BalčHP 30. Before I had time to come to my senses, he knocked me to the ir ground, laid down and began to cross my shoulders, waist, hips, and again my feet—even the spirit died. CvR II 119. That paint through the ear, it even overturned. DGL. I fed him in the face, he even grew green. Trgn. She pulled iš out the nail lementor and cut He threw a chest over ir Joneli's į head. ZemR III 224. Go ahead, go ahead, go ahead, go ahead. " Plg. P. Butenis, min. ill., p. 85—86. 103 us to remember for a long time. Uzv. They beat him with ropes, whips, kicked him with shoes, beat him with bisons, beat him on the soles of his feet, on his neck, on his teeth. CvR II 286. He continued to share the ash, again shaking his hands and slapping his thighs with his palms... ir > BaltPV I 35. Then the king, coming near to the lake, crossed his staff s uover the water Tt. The stone hit the cow through the horns. Ktk. For his curiosity, he got through the ear. Bri With the meaning of “orientation to the object of the action” are also related the cases of use of the preposition after some verbs denoting reaction, response (e.g.: draw a į tree to ir answer a į question). The parishioners responded to the monk's words with a whisper. 196 v. 196. None of the boys responded to the last words of Antanas Puodžiūnas. VienR V 106. All the workers looked angry, angry ir į The mouth of the mouthpiece is not broken. VienR V 62. The men laughed loudly at these words, but the stranger did not understand. Myk-PutS I 45. 2. Importance of the objective relationship The prefix to the direction value easily passes to the goal value!?. (E.g., to go to the city and go to war). In the first word combination, the preposition together with the syllable tells the place that the actor has to reach, and in the second one indicates what the actor will do after completing a certain path, with what purpose, for what purpose he left (e.g.: go to war and go to war). ; The prefix to the object of the action is used in word combinations where the dependent member is a noun denoting actions, processes, events, occasions, etc. The main member and in such cases usually follows verbs denoting scrolling or actions promoting scrolling. There was no doctor in Priekulė— he went to war, the city far away. į SimonP 96. Wave after wave only rolls, ritaš, as if screaming į unequal fight. Hey, sea, tell me: once you have fallen, can you still go on a march? ! į GirRP 108. Iš early in the morning the old į man set out on a long journey. CvR II 282. He went into such a damn manor, asks for accommodation. BsMt I 36...the father-in-law came to the screenings. Page 67. Both Lioges, father and mother, came to the funeral of their sister... VienIMA 124. So softened that just before He ordered that the colts and the landless be summoned to an important meeting. CvR V 42. There was a lightness on everyone’s faces, as if they had gathered į in May. CvR V 46. And today Reisel can't forgive her that she lured him to the song festival last year. CvR II 372. From the adjacent streets and the edges of the market, people ran, sprinkling dirt, as if the drum had called them to some extraordinary elevation. Myk-PutS I 12. Later it turned out that it was just a pretext for those two “friends” not to come to the literature party. 211. A couple of days before the performance, the artists gathered for a general rehearsal.- 12 E. Fraenkel, min. veik., p. 48. tion. CvR II 84. In the autumn, Sarmantai accompanied Divoniza to the third Seimas with great hopes. CvR V 140. For the first time in Sabalis sawmill it happened that the workers did not go to work. VienR V 123. They don't send them to the wager because that's what their mother asked them to do. Myk-PutS I 20. A nimble lawyer of unclear reputation came to his aid... Myk-PutS I 86. 3. The importance of changing relationships! The prefix in can indicate the relationship of change of objects. In this sense, it is used in compounds where the base member is a word denoting the change of one thing (or things), the transition to another thing (or things) or state; dependent member — words denoting the result of the change. There are several cases where the preposition is used in the spoken meaning according to the main member of the prepositional compound. a) The preposition in has the most pronounced meaning of the change relationship in word combinations, ir whose main member is the verbs virti, keisti, etc. " Enough was the slightest carelessness and the unfortunate slipped down the steep hill and turned into stones. Vol.147. He thought that they were still happier than those whose unripe harvest had not only been thrown out, but whose houses had been turned into ashes. CvR V 111. Every year John changes for the better. TilvU 129. Antanukas, living with my parents, and growing up into a boy. 146. When she was a girl, she became a woman. CvR II 30. In figurative language, the result of changing things is often described metaphorically. This does not change the meaning of the prefix. You're lying in a hedgehog. As. I'm late for the love in those. Warn. He didn't take the hood off his shoulder, so it dried into the bone. Pe. For ages the German trampled on that land and pressed it firmly to the ground. 371 and op. Hands in ice. Frozen. Sts. After the verb to turn, jnagininkas'® is used in parallel with the prepositional construction. Again they all turned into crosses and disappeared from sight. CvR V 201. He thought of becoming a needle. Pshl. Son turned into muse (ps.) Ck. b) The preposition in has the meaning of a change relation also when the verbs denoting concentration, gathering, joining, etc. are the main members of the word combination. All morning Jacob walked around the house, gathering wood chips into heaps... CvR II 408. All people were in the fields: 13 In linguistic literature, the term fransgresyviniy is used for the same purpose. See. B. B. BnxHorpajzoBs, Pycckuit sisek, Mocksa, 1947, p. 688. In the article, this term is replaced by Lithuanian for uniformity. WE Fraenkel, min. veik., p. 47; P. Būtėnas, min. veik., p. 87. 5 J. Jablonskis, min. veik., p. 654; P. Būtėnas, ibid., p. 87. 105 TDr VII 64. In one hand (in one hand) you have a brūklis, in the other hand (in the other hand) you have a long votega. PP 29. It is believed that the influence of the German language will have determined the meaning of the prefix in the inessive with the finalis. ". In the western parts of the Žemaitija, the western and middle Highlands, and partly in the western Dzūkijos, the preposition į with its variants is widely used to indicate various time relations, some of which are described in literary language as the preposition per with the finalis, others — as the finalis of time or as the njagainis. 1) The prefix į and its variants are used with the same meanings as the prefix per. There are two exceptions to this rule. a) The prefix in and its variants with a suffix are used to indicate the duration of an action or the period of time during which the action takes place. In a week I eat bread, In a month we still have enough for one cow. Ktč. In a couple of days pulled out the heat. Sleep. What happened in that short time? Pgg. They'll fix it in two or three days. I'm going. The Germans had conquered Poland in four weeks. File. | three weeks had to pass. Sgt. Overnight that grass dries up. Krg. Then the devil was released, so he went home for a month. Tt. We haven't planted potatoes here in ages. Snt. How much do you drive a day? Skd. The female lays up to 1,000 eggs. Yl. How many suari a day? Mžk. I drank two or three glasses a day. Sgt. He smoked ten packets of cigarettes a week. Rd. How much do you make a day? Rs. How much hay did you bring in a day? Jrb. And I miss my grandmother for two, three days. Rdm. In a couple of hours we grinded a centner, if it was well dried. Alvt. In two hours the Shukliai collective brought such a cone. Zal. In a month in our village 40 horses were stolen. Nm. Helps now in a day seventy eggs. Grl. In the feed cleaning will not go. Plv. The wheels of the same rye wagon broke. Ms. In the day two carts of manure are carried out. Pun. Hey found my sad heart in the whole autumn. JD 183. I'll find that money in three days. BsP I 89 Then, brethren, in two weeks dZingt brinkt, and done! LzPR II 35. b) The prefix in and its variants with a suffix are used to indicate a period of time during which an action is repeated a defined number of times. In a day gets a fewtimes to peel. Pln. Twice a year I'll cut my hair, and I'll always cut three kilos. Rt. Exchange air in the day several times. Uzv. It is raised once a year. Pp. The cow must be milked three times a day, Klm. We get it three times a month. Kdn. When da mama was alive, it ~~ "7 See A. Laigonaité, ibid., p. 33. 112 flew a few times a į day home. Rs. The saint į stands up ną seven times. Skr. The main thing is that he will be ableto celebrate the week į for two days. LK. Three days a į week was a punishment. Nm. Po twenty hours a į day. Sl. The medication should be taken three in times a day. Mrk. She rises twice a du day on į her colt su against a clay hill... CvR II 327. There was a lot of work, ir you had to work 14 hours a į day. VienIMA 197. The prefix is į used for the ir po verbs earn, pay, receive, take, give, etc. ir The į father earns twenty rubles a day. Jrb. How much do į you earn a year? Kps. He earns a lot of working days a day. į Skdv. He pays him in cash seventy-five rubles ménes į į. Vnd. Į hour paid three po rubles. Sl. I paid nine po litas a day. į Zg. How much are you paid a in day? Al. He gets three hundred rubles a month. į Mžk. How much did a į shepherd earn a year? Lnkv. Kiek tu į You took a day? Dt. We were giving them eighty kilograms a day. į Rz. They used to give fifty yen. į d Rs. He offered sixty rubles a month. į Pln. A man costs three rubles a į day. Zg. Į a day for him thirty rubles goes out. Slv. It should be noted that in these cases of use of the preposition į (as per) is ir closer to the prepositional meaning. už E.g.: pay Ar dearly for a day. už Sd. As long as you už take one day. Rk. How much you get a day. Ob. : On the other hand, the preposition is sometimes į used instead ir of the preposition za. Po ten kopecks gave on a į working day Angry. Po ruble on a į working day. Klk. I paid a į ruble for the scale. Shh. Į They'll take the money for the potatoes. Ms. AS I'll pay the tq debt. į Sts. J. Jablonski considered all such cases of prepositional į use unpresentable to literary language and corrected them in two ways: in one ir case he replaced the local verb, in another case the prepositional per construction o with the final — form??. In the literary language, the su preposition has become more widespread over the past. su 2) Prepositional į ir jo variants are used, in terms of time, sometimes similarly to literary verbs. ir a) As a back. For me, pickled cucumber on į the third day is the tastiest. Skr. Į tą He'll be here in a minute. ir Vlkv. Į on the fourth day does the operation. Kps. Į the next day you'll be able to go. Gr. | tr eI got a job that day. Vick. Liuob will į bring it on the ą third day. Uzv. Į on the fourth day that young su ta lady took witness- ®J. Jablonskis, min. ill., p. 671; II, Vilnius, Lithuania 1959, p. 38, 69, 74. 8. Morphological structure of ir Lithuanian language its development 113 B npenenax npocTpaHCTBEHHBIX OTHONIEHHH BLULEJISIOTCS TPH 3HaueHHs: |) 3Havenue HanpaBJIeHHA BHYTPh 4ero-HHGY/lb pacKpbiBaeTCA B CJIOBOCOUeTAHHAX, B KOTOPHX B KaHUECTBE 3aBHCHMOrO UJIėHa BbICTYNAIOT CJIOBa CO 3HAYEHHEM MecTA HJIH KOHKPETHOT META, a B KauecTBe IVIABHOro uJjeHa — CJIOBA, OGO3HaualOMHe IBHIKEHHe, Hanp. : run the forest į no6exwaro — nAec, 6 hamstring the wall į e6ur6 — cTeny, e wrap the paper į — 3agepHyTb5 6 Oymazy; 2) snuauenne HanpaBJIEHHA B KaKyio-HHOYyb CTOPOHY BbIABJIAETCA B CJIOBOCOYCTAHHAX, B KOTODpbIX B DpOJIH 3aBHCHMOTO HJeHa BBICTYNAIOT CJIOBa, OGO3HAYAIOLIHE 060G6ineHHbIie: NPOCTPAHCTBEHHBIE NOHATHA HIN KaKofi-unOyAp OPHEHTHDP B NPOCTPAHCTBE, a B POJIH TJIaBHOTO — CJIOBA CO 3HaueHHeM [BHKeHHS, Hanp. : go south į udru — Ha 102, turn left į nosepuyrs — Hanreso, step enemy į wmazar6 — Ha 8paza, drive the į forest side — exarb 8 cTopomy Aeca; 3) snauenne HanpaBJIeHHA Ha KaKOH-HHGY/b npeaMET BNJIOTb JĮJO CONpHKOCHOBEHHA C HHM pacKpbiBaeTCA B CJIOBOCOUCTAHHAX, B KOTOPHX B KauecTse rJiaBHOTO WieHa BEICTYalOT CJIOBa CO 3HaueHHeM Yjlapa, CONPHKOCHOBEHHS, a B KauecTBe 3aBHCHMOrO — ¢JI0Ba, 0603HaYalollHe KOHKPETHBIE NMpPeIMeTHl, Hanp. : belsti lanį 84 — cTyqars 6 eye, feed the head į ydapute — 6 20a08y, remove į the wall — CTYKHYTHCA Oo Ctery. Llesiebie OTHOWIEHHS! npegJior | BhHpakaer B CJOBOCOUETAHHAX, B KOTOPHX B DOJIH 3aBHCHMOTO ůWJIeHAa BHICTYNAIOT CJIOBA, OGO3HaualOuIKe JlelicTBHA, COOHTHH, CJlyuaH, a B poJiH TJIaBHOTrO — CJIOBA CO 3HaueHHeM JIBHXeHHS, Hanp. : afeiti meeting į npuboire — co6panue, invite Ha a concert npuenmnacurTo į — na KOHYyepr. TpancrpeccHBHble OTHOLIEHHS BbIDaXAIOTCH B CJIOBOCOUETAHHAX, B KOTOpPHIX B KauecTBE TJIaBHOTO 4J/eHa BBICTYNAWOT CJIOBA, OOO3HaualOluHe KaKO6-HHOYJIb H3MEHEHHE COCTOSHHA, a B KauecTBe 3aBHCHMOTO uIieka — CJIOBA, 00O3HAYalOUIHE pe3yJibTaT STOCK H3MEHeHHS, Hemp. tear up į pieces — pasopsare 8 Kycku, collect a į pile of — cobpare 8 Kyuy, elected presidents į emw6paro — npedcedarenu. 6 BpemeHinkie OTHOWEHHS NpeJUIOT į BepaXaer B CJIOBOCOUETAHHAX, B KOTODbIX B DpOJIH 3aBHCHMOTO 4JieHa BLITZBOXES CJIOBA, HA3bIBAIOLIHE OnpejiejieHHbIe OTpe3KH BpeMeHH, HANp. : BpeMeHa TroJla, uacTH CYTKH: shave in į the — evening npuodru nod eewep, į get sick in autumn — 3a60/MeT6 K assessment. CpaBHurejibHbie: OTHOUIEHHS NnpejoT į OGO3HauaeT B CJIOBOCO4UETAHHAX, B KOTODEIX B POJ/H TJIaBHOTO 4/IeKa BBHICTYNAIOT CJIOBa CO 3HaYeHHeM INOYOGHA, CXOACTBa: similar to į the father — noxox orya. Ha [Ipeasor Į co cBoHMH BapHaHTAMH B HeKOTODbIX JikaJIeKTAX BhipaxkaeT OTHOIUeHHH, OTJIKJAIOIHECA OT JIMTePaTypPHOro S3bIKA, DrOoT npejuJIior YynoTpeOJISeTCH AAs BbIDpa:KEHHS NpocTpAHCTBEHHLIX OTHOINeHHÉ, KOTOpbie B JMTepaTypHOM S3bhIKe OObIuKHO BbipaxaloOTCS NPEANOraMi: I'm sorry, Hanp. : come father npudtu oryy; in npemnnoromM — link, nanp. : go x to the forest udTu cropony in — 8 Aeca; npennoroM prie, nanp. : access the window in nododtu — oxny, hug x the wall in — NPUCAOHUTBCA K CTERE; WEEKBOM — MECTHLIM NajaexoM, Hanp. : live the city į murs — 8 20 feet. Ilpemgior į co 3HaueKHeM BpeMeHH B AHajeKTAX ynoTpeGAsieTrcs B TaKHX cayyasnx: B 3HaYeHHH npeaJora JHTePaTYpHOrO sn3blka per, nanp.. make į four weeks — cOeaarv 3a 4erbipe medeau, come du times a į day — npudru dea pasa 6 OeHb; B 3HaYCHHH BHHHTeJIbHOTO H TBOPHTEJBHOTO BpeMeHH I'm sorry, Hanp. : come on the third day npudtu į — xa Tperuū Oeno, to get there į in time npuexar6 — so8pema. Ilpeasor į ynorpensercsi AAs BHIPaX<KeHHs HA3HAUCHHA, Hanp. : give the cow to the į są — ordar6 KOpo6Yy HA Nice. He [Tpeanor | ynorpe6asiercsi B COLLECTION BEHEIM 3HAYEHHH B COOTBETCTBHH C peer axiom JIMTEPATYPHOrO A3bIKA about till, Hm nanp. : pay three į hundred rubles — 3anaarute OKOAO Tpucra pybaed, drink the į bottom — ebinur6 do Ona (cracking). HMap of EuropeGasiercs į JUS BhIPaXKeHHsS BHUIEAHTENBHHX OTHOWICHHN H COOTBETCTBYET NPEAJIOry JHTePAaTYPHOrO s3biKa iS: better brother aywuud | — us 6 parves. 117