Dėl sudėtinių terminų pateikimo ir apibrėžimų „Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodyne“

LIBTUV 1 LANGUAGES LEXICON . R A. IL. D A LET UV.OS. TSR: MO KS L Ų. A K AD E MI JA COMMENTS, REVIEWS ON COMPONENTS DEADLINES SUBMISSION IR DEFINITIONS ‘PRESENT LITHUANIAN THE LANGUAGE DICTIONARY” Volume of lexicon, normative tendencies of nests and article ir structure "Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian Language" (Vilnius, in 1954) some part is close to S. OZegovo Russian dictionary (plg. C. H. OxeroB,"CioBapb pyccKos3pika, ro 34. V, M., 1963) ir N. bei G. Fovleriy for angly dictionary (plg. The concise Oxford 2nd of English edited by H. W. Fowler and G. H. Fowler based on Oxford Dictionary (fourth edition), Oxford university Press (Pafstwowydwe awnictwo naukowe, Warszawa, 1951). The first jo edition was published iš more than ten years ago and received positive reviews both in our republic ir and abroad. ir In the coming year, the preparation of the second Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian Language (hereinafter referred to as — DLKŽ) laida. The purpose of this — article is to make some remarks on the definitions of the ir presentation of compound terms DLKŽ ir thereby contribute to the improvement of this dictionary's nesting and article structure Compound terms, or terminological combinations of words, have been studied relatively little in Soviet linguistics?, Based on the theoretical basis of few studies, in the tų current Lithuanian language it is possible to distinguish several more characteristic types of compound terms: 1) a) adjective + noun combinations of words with one or more su of the ar following adjectives, e.g.: atrusis auksakūodis tuberous || poisonous || broad-leaved || stiff-leaf || creeping || water véd- || || ! The most significant articles, which refer ar to the conceptual terms in one aspect or another, are, in our opinion, the following: H. HIM. Aunt, JI. B. Huuknli, Huennoe cJioB006pa3oBanHHe B criopTHBHOH TepMHHOJIoTHH- ,,,Pa3BHTHe COBP@MEHHOI0 pyccKoro A3biKa“, M., 1963;the same, Hosoe - coBpemenHoil cesbcKoxoasiilcTBeHHOI TEPMHHOJIOTHH,,,BonpoB Cbi KYJIbTYPHI little”, Boil. 2, M., 1959; B. II. 1998-1999 Jannaenxo, O CJI10B006pa3oBaHHH B OO/IacTH NpoH3BO ICTBEHHO-TEXHHYECKOM TEpMHHOJIOTHH- ,,„Bonpochi KyabTypu peun®, Bun. 2, M., 1959; A. Backakos, CTpyKTypHbIE THNE TEDMHHOB B TYPeUKOM S3bIKE H HX JeKCHCorpacduueckoe oop menue, Jlekcukorpaduuecknit , copunk®, sun. 6, M., 1963: C. H. Ox rose, cTpykTyO pe ¢paseosioru, fen pat, Bun. 1, M., 1957; H. It. Kyaskun, K BOMPOCY O UPDATE TepMHHa,,,Becrunk Jlenunrpaackoro ynupepcurera®, sum. 4, JI., B.B. 1962; Axyanenko, se 3aMETKH 00 HHTepPHAIHOHAJLHON JIEKCHKE H TePMHHOJIOTHH- ,,,YueHbie 3anuckH OHJoJior. but. A giant rock. yHus. Mm. A. M. Topskoro®, Xapskos, 1962; individual PublicatiMA ons of the USSR — HIM. C. Jlorre, OcHOBH MOCTPORHHS HAYUHO-TEXHHUECKOIL TepmMHHoJIioruu, M., 1961; K. A. JlesKoBcKas, HMeHuoe c/0B00GpasoBaiiHe B COBPeMEHHOI HeMeUKoil OOIecTBeHHO-IOJiKTHUeCKOĖLI Tepmuronorui, M.,,,Bonpocsi 1961; TepmuHosoruu® (p. The collection), M., 1961; O. C. Ax MaHOBa, Ouepki no o6meii m pycckolt Aekcukoaorun (3 Division), M., 1957 ir kt 15, Order, No. 174 205 rynas (augalų sistematika“, sustumtinės || šoninės || vidinės || galinės || lokalinés || dugninės || paviršinės morenos (geologija), baseininis || branduolinis || energetinis || greitasis || homogeninis || heterogeninis || laboratorinis || šiluminis || tarpinis reaktorius (branduolinė energetika), šoninis nuvedamasis griovys (melioracija), vėlyvosios silosinės kultūros (agronomija), kaitinamoji vakuuminė lempa (elektrotechnika); (b) combinations of words of the type "noun //noble attributive word combination + noun" with one or more incompatible terms, e.g.: work song (folklore), sulfuric acid (chemistry), solidification point (physics, chemistry), layer accelerator (textile), AC || DC generator (electrical engineering), charcoal carburetor (chemistry); (c) prepositional combinations of the type ‘noun + noun //adjective’, such as: oak pubescent (Quercus pubescens), pine mountain pine (Pinus montana), grey-tailed woodpecker (Stipa capilata), woodpecker (Ononis arvensis), woodpecker (Agrimonia eupatoria), fern (Dryopteris phegopteris), turtle-eagle (Pandion haliaetus), pigeon (Columba palumbus //oenas), dwarf-eagle (Sorex minutus), flying squirrel (Pteromys volans), little mouse (Mycromys minutus), element (chemistry), mountain (geomorphology), rock (geomorphology); 2) controlling word combinations, e.g. : a) verb-controlled combinations of words of the type “noun + noun”, e.g.: multiplication by folds (botany), fixing with logs || stones || tubes (mining), hardening in oil (metallurgy), interrogation in person (law), cash settlement (economics), irrigation with strips (hydrotechnics), insulting by action || writing (law); (b) participatory control combinations of words of the type “noun + participle*”, e.g. lubrication by immersion || filling || pressing (machine science), preservation by salting || drying (food technology), interrogation by recognition (law); c) the type of prepositional control, “noun + preposition + noun // attributive word combination”, e.g.: crane with boom (mechanical science), contactor with push button (electrical engineering), desk with tap (physical chemistry), lowland without leakage (physical geography), defender of appointment || agreement (law), control for life (law), valence according to oxygen || hydrogen (chemistry), deductions to a special fund (economics); 3) colliding word combinations, or enriched full Words, e.g.: capsule-detonator (pyrotechnics), ditch-collector (melioration), pasteurizer-regenerator (food technology), lock-regulator (hydrotechnics), converter-hammer (textile), ship-tug (navigation). The DLZ mainly presents the first type of compound terms — compounds of constant words and phraseologisms. In practice, they are mostly used. In general, there are few MRL-terminated word combinations. This deficiency should be rectified in the second edition of the Dictionary. MRL compound terms are presented in two ways: either as illustrative examples of the meaning of a word (a) or as a single meaning (b). For example: : a) 1 gram. the way the word sounds are pronounced; intonation: Firm beginning (descending) p. Firm end (ascending) p. quality,- ~¢ (1)+—quality: K. difference. The circumstances of the manner are divided into ~es and quantitative (gram.) (b) United Kingdom (3) 1. [...] 2. gram. ragudlis (2) [...] 3. pentinius r. bot. a plant of the windrow family, growing in sandy soils; Weed commonly found among rye (Delphinium Consolida) —- The correlative compound terms of the MRL are presented, in our opinion, too unevenly. Let's compare some articles: 1) single-split, ~#¢ (2) plant, of which 1) is even-split, —tė (2) has even splits of one column: ~ čiai augalai tis: Ziedai~ ¢iai (bot. Flores regulares) 2) long-split, ~é (2) long: ~iai linai (tokia 2) svyrudklllis- ,~é etc. (2) who fluctuates: S. 2) birch (3) bot. deciduous tree white-leaved plant (Linum): ~o gėlė, ~ us mi (Betula): B. svyruoklis (swinging, dipping, minding with branches) B. ruplys (surembbed bark, dirZingas) [...] 3) stuburin|lis, ~ ¢ (2) —» stuburas: ~ia 3) ankštinijis, ~¢ (1) ->2 ankštis: A. augalams las (with ankStimis) Comparing the presentation of the corresponding correlative terms in the above-cited articles, we see incoherences: in one article the natural order of the elements of the compound terms is followed, in another they are alternated; in one case the compound term is given in the singular form (1, 2), in another case — in the plural (3), etc. |; Due to the imprecision of the presentation of correlative compound terms, the person using the MRL may have some uncertainties and questions. Why, for example, in the article of the adjective sterblinis, -é not only is it stated that the content of the compound term sterbliniai mažyliai is related to the 3rd meaning of the noun sterblė, but also the incomplete definition is given („kurie vaikus sterblėje nešiojasi“), while the compound anatomy term skydinė liauka (the adjective skydinis, -ė in the article) is only marked with the abbreviation anat., and it is difficult to understand whether the above-mentioned compound term is linked to the word skydas by a functional or similarity relationship? The phraseological compound suffixes in the aforementioned dictionary are presented at the end už of the article in the triangle, e.g.: perkūnijas (1) 1. [...] A ~o goat (such bird, Scolopax gallinago) pragarijas (30) [...] A ~o stone (farm. Argentum nitricum). ~o machine (explosive charge with a clockwork mechanism) The presentation of this type of term for MRLs is, in our view, too varied. For example, the values of the white verse (see English blank verse, French vers blancs, German Blankverse, Russian 6eavie cmuxu, Polish bialy wiersz), the white shelter (see Russian Geran eopauka) are presented behind the triangle word baltas,-a in the article, and the razor flight (see Polish lot koszący, Russian Operowjuii noaém) is raised in a separate meaning of the word skutamas (~asis), ma (~oji) in the article. The term guinea pig (zool. Cavia cobaya) in the article sea appears behind the triangle, and piglet in the article — 15* 227 "Rudimeititini|li- (1) s,-ė biol. indicative; to the extent necessary underdeveloped, in decline, residual; ~ organs (organs that have lost their significance during the evolutionary development of the organism and are on the way to extinction, e.g. the appendix grows, the spinal bone, etc.) The definition of the composite term rudimentary organs in this case only duplicates the basic definition and is, in our view, completely unnecessary. The number of such cases The MRL is significant. . The Soviet linguist F. Sorokoletov is probably right when he says that the best way to define species terms in an explanatory dictionary is to include them in a group of related concepts, rather than explaining in detail what is made of what, what is used for, etc.2, because, in fact, such definitions (especially of tools and devices) become obsolete very quickly. In addition, without incorporating the concept to be defined into a broader subordinate concept or using an incomplete definition, it is very easy to slip into superficiality: Let's take a couple of examples- :. dauginllis- ,-¢ (2) —many: ~ies numerals (which go with plural nouns) minerdlinlis,-¢ (1) —mineral: ~és fertilizer. Mr. Alie-| jus. M. water (in which a mineral is dissolved) According to the incomplete definition of the compound term plurals in the first example above, it would appear that the plural used in the word combination five years can be considered. The simplest well. water also contains dissolved minerals, but why does no one call such water mineral? It would be more convenient to insert démeny synonyms of compound terms not after the whole compound term, as is done in most of the DLKŽ articles (cf. įsprūdinės durys —įsprūdinis, -ė str., fonetinė rašyba —garsinis, -ė str., garakštinis dantis —garankštinis, -ė str., etc.), but in the middle of the compound term (cf. tvirtapradė || tvirtagalė priegaidė —priegaidė str.), because in many cases single-word terms are also synonyms of the compound term (cf. smiltinis akmuo: smiltainis —smiltinis, -ė str.). Ks Saf By unifying the above-mentioned differences in the presentation and definition of compound terms in DLKŽ, the structure of its articles would become a little more compact and most importantly -—it > would be more convenient for people to use it, K. Gaivenis Nlasjnekranariunki araac GeJiapyckalt moss, Minecx, 1963, VIII +338 map.+970 p. Among the largest and most significant publications, which in recent years have enriched not only Belarusian, but also Soviet linguistics in general, undoubtedly belongs to the “Dialectological Atlas of the Belarusian Language” published by the J. Kolas Institute of Linguistics of the Academy of Sciences of the Belarusian SSR. This publication is a long year, a large 2 See. O. II. CopokoJieTon, CMeiči0Bax xapaKTEpHCTHKA TEP MHHOB B TO/IKOBbIX COBAPAX, "Jlėkcukorpaduueckafi cCopHuk", sain. V, M., 1962, p. 130. 229.