Palatvės vakarų aukštaičių šnektų būdvardis, skaitvardis, įvardis

IN LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES GRAMMATICS INVESTIGATIONS LTE'T-U V OS TSR MOKSLŲ AKADEMIJA PALATVĖS WESTERN AUKŠTAIČIŲ ŠNEKTŲ ADJECTIVE, NUMBER, [NAME! A. JONAITYTĖ BŪDVARDIS 1. General remarks Family. The adjective of these dialects has 3 relatives: the masculine, ir the feminine, the already extinct pronoun, e.g.: būugus, būugi, baugu; beautiful, ugly, beautiful; Kiec, kiec, kiec. In general, adjectives of the infinitive genus are used rather o rarely, and the infinitive forms of a-, ia-kamieniy ir adjectives are disappearing altogether. Be therefore, only adjectives of the non-comparative degree have retained the anonymous genus. The upper forms of adjectives of the nominal genus have been replaced by the upper forms of iš adjectives of the nominal genus, and the su upper forms of adjectives of the nominal genus have 0 also been replaced by the upper forms of adjectives, e.g. gerd'usei, šalčd'usei. Adjectives of the genitive form are usually used to describe a human state, e.g.: md: blo'g; neither" md §ilt, nei" šd'lt ,,it doesn't matter to me“: ...in your rubles honey; 100 mg/dL; ka dd ko'ke diena (— nieko), o* ko'ke — negé'r i gana Sk; heart vatal vatal (disk), ka neg@'r Dam; chip of a funny, čė nice Skn: I don't think so. be Darg; nature Wall pjd'ui baugu gal — būrė Ii*taus Dilb: already small o as ugly, dance su ré&k; md: I'm no longer sorry vd-lgi'i, I'm not sick ka ar Sk. u-stame adjectives of the genitive are also used in ir other cases, e.g.: field t6°ks dvanks (condensation), heating, cooling o“ Sk; aust, women's day Dam; 20-pound bird a"va brown "paying a po 20 bag of už kopecks was expensive" Darg; I'm ta sick, my son. I'm sick, my son. Dam. Iš The examples show that the adjective is preserved mainly in bčasmeniuosę sentences, where the — adjective is part of the compound noun?. In schnekts, an anonymous genus is replaced by: > 1. Adjectives, e.g.: td'u gut? a $a winter is deep snow Skn; the transaction is not correct; ka nature would be sad, but it's good Dilb; sa'ka, well, nice wool: jau, adé mai, ma" blo gai Sk. * The article is part of a larger work (1962) written several years ago Part of the "Radical Dialect". Articles on the topics of this thesis have been ir published previously (see section 4.4). LKK, t. 2, p. 109—130; MADA, m., 1960 t. 1(8), p. 151—162; LKK, t. 3, p. 91-111 ir p. 79—86; LKMSR, p. 165—177; LKGS, p. 171—182. * For the reasons for the survival of adjectives without a noun, see K. Isuncs, I'pavvatika JuTOBCKOTO s3bika, [lerporpaas, 1908—1916,- p. 87. 183 2. the feminine gender of adjectives, e.g. pé'Fi visa pava'sari būva šalta i šalta; ale, sū'ka, čė šlape Skn; sū'ka, svéika with rū'tum (rūtais) trinf Dilb; Nature makes children soft, and the first shepherd of the flock, sits on the bench, and neither the house nor the dam will be hard. "I'm not going to be a good man, I'm not going to be a good man, I'm not going to be a good man." 1999: "Gd'udi'i Dilb3., | 3. Male gender of adjectives (rarely), e.g.: pasto'vė- 'jes vanduo skanus gė'ft; rabbit bjūurus pjarui Sk; (money) neither” vere Sst; 100 mg/ 12. 5 mg/ 25 mg/ 50 mg/ 100 mg/ 25 mg/ 50 mg This means that the nameless family of adjectives disappears not only in descriptive speech, but also in the adjacent Žemaičių and Aukštaičių dialects. Number. The adjectives in these dialects have only singular and plural forms. The binary traces are like only all strains dgs. and o, io, ė stems dgs. inagininke, where due to the influence of the plural there are established forms without -s. Linksnis. The vocal of the adjective in Šnektai coincides with the noun. The exception are only the multi-stem ia-stem adjectives (medinis, rudbūrzdis, api'geris.- ..) —their singular noun and pronoun are usually different (see pronoun: medini, rudbūrzdi, api'geri...- ). But occasionally vns is used instead of it. denominator. The endings of the verbs, except in isolated cases, are mostly the same as those of the Ik. Trunk. The adjectives of descriptive slang are a, ia, u, o, io, and ė stems (ba'lc, woody, ndujes, smarkus, white, nūuje, smarki, woody...). The stem of individual adjectives sometimes does not coincide with the stem of the corresponding lk. adjective stem, e.g. glėbnus, glėbni; glēžnus, glēžni; l@ngvus, lėngvi; linksmus, linksmi, but in such cases it usually coincides with the stem of the same adjective in the adjacent Žemaičių dialects (see lė'ngvės ~ easy, li'nksmės ~ happy Pp). Degree. There are three main degrees of adjectives in Snætur: incomparable, superior, and supreme. In addition, there are two intermediate ones: between the incomparable and the higher — the higher (rare), and after the highest — the highest of all. The same adjectives are graded as 1k. Spelling. Two-stemmed adjectives, like lk., have only two accents: III (drukšc, high; li"gus, li"gi) and IV (naujes, nūuje; smagus, smagi). Multi-stem a-, ia-stem adjectives do not have the IV accent, Multi-stem u-stem adjectives do not have the I and II accents, o-stem adjectives — the II and IV accents, io-stem adjectives — the II and III accents, and finally é-stem adjectives — the IV accent. In addition, there are very few adjectives with multiple stems that are pronounced with the I and III accents. The 3rd and 4th generations of the 4-door sedan were available. The noun, as in many other dialects, has an accent not at the root but at the ending, e.g. aukštai, didelé i, mo'lind'i, panasé‘i, silpnd'i. There are also other cases where the pronunciation of adjectives spoken in apraSomyju does not coincide with Ik. These cases include: 1. Individual adjectives with the suffixes -ingas, -a, derived from nouns with a constant accent, retain the noun's accent and preposition, e.g.: bd iminks, bda'iminga; * The feminine gender in the above examples is indicated by the degressive consonant and the remaining vowel a <a. The old unpronounced short a in conversations is declined in all cases. * For Žemaitiškas senior family dgs. for forms of beneficiary, see LKMSR, p. 168. 184 donations (metai); gé dinks, -a: kd Inks, -a (kd'Ins $nektose has been a ki&iuotés I word, e.g. kd'Inai “certain prayers- ”); kd'ulinks, -a; kū'ninks, -a "fat, -i, full, -a"; md'links -a; miltinks, -a; milky; pro'tinks, -a; pu'links, -a; sūltinks, -a: vė'jinks, -a; vilninks, -a... The same phenomenon is observed in ir neighbouring Žemaičių dialects, e.g.: miltinks, pi‘ninga, giedinks, pruétinks, smiltinks Break. Such an adjective su suffix -ingas, the -a pronunciation should be regarded as the double pronunciation of adjectives of that kind in the old Lithuanian language (radial ir extremity) residue. 2. Traces of root pronunciation have been ir preserved in individual adjectives su of the Snakes with suffixes -étas, -a; -Otas, -a; -uotas, -a; e.g. ? kd'ulė'c, kd'ulėtta; pélkéc, -a; sarulė'o, -a; bū"mbo'c,-a; gi'slo"c,-a; (with hernia) -a — ‘kuila’); d'nkštuoc, -a; kd'uluoc, -a; li*tuoc, -a; miltuoc, -a; tra"škanuoc, -a; - Oh, yeah, yeah. At present, almost all of the given examples are pronounced only the root, but the suffix, the prepositional ne pronunciation is increasingly generalized. ir ir 3. Adjectives su suffix -inis, now -ė pronounced with II accent, but one another iš jų still has a root, e.g. barkstinis (take the bathtub barkstini); ball, bone, -e || -e; summer, -e || summer, -e ir kt 4. II perni“kštis, pernikste ir perni-ksce. || 5. Adjectives yellow ns, yellow; méli'ns, mélina: raudé ns, red kiréiuojami na 3rd ed. 6. Adjectives aiškus, -i, lygus, -i, tankus, pronounced only -i Dialect III (v.s. ward. d'riškus, -i, li"gus, -i, tankus, -i), as in all adjacent dialects. ir ' 7. Two-sided — III ir IV kirčiuote — kirčiuojamas būdvardis brangus || brangus, bra'ngi || brangi. For the pronunciation of the jvardZiuotiniy adjectives of ir the higher, aukstéles, upper degree, see. p. 188, 189, 191. 2. Alphabetical list of male male male male male male male a male male Vienaskaita Daugiskaita V.S. bale, a'lkans white, hungry K. ba'lta, a'lkana baltu", alkanu' N. balta'm, alkana'm baltiem(- s), alkaniem(s) ad'Ikanui G. ba lta, alkana ba'ltus, a:Ikanus In. white, d'Ikanu white, hungry In the case of the a-stem adjectives of descriptive verbs, the conjugation is generally the same as in Ik., but the endings of the individual conjugations are shortened. Excluding vns. localization, the verb endings of a-stem adjectives are abbreviated in the same way as a-stem nouns galinés®. Adjectives vns. -e is almost always dropped, 0 a-root nouns —never. In addition, the adjectives with multiple stems, as in the neighboring Žemaičių (e.g., Kuršėnų) dialects, except for the names of colours (geltdėmns, méli-ns, raudéns...), vns. nuudininke has a less frequently used noun next to its old noun ending. ir s See. LKK, t. 3, p. 98—99. 185 ia stem V. langainis, Vienaskaita Daugiskaita will play V.Š. Zale K. langainu", žalu' N. langainui, Zald'm N. langdind'm- (s), Zaliem(s) G. langaini, sale || za'li G. langainus, Zalus In. window, green In. langdineis, Zaleis Vt. langaini', žalem(e) ‘Vt. langūinuos(e), Zaluos(e) S. langaini Plural ia-kamieniy adjectives vns. the noun has a nounful ending. The only exception is the adjective big. But also his vns. the noun sometimes already has a noun ending. ia-stem adjectives, vns. noun has the ending -ias, vns. The final form has the ending -i, e.g. pė'ščes || pė'sc: pė'šče || pé sti. The forms with the ending -i originated from those ig-kamieniy adjectives vns. the final, which is lawfully vns. has a -i* in the suffix. The same phenomenon occurs in the neighboring Zemgalių dialects. In addition to the more commonly used noun endings, multi-stem adjectives with suffixes -ykštis, -inis also occasionally have the old noun, e.g.: medini“ || medinem, vakari'ksti* || vakari"'kščem. The neighbouring Zemgalian dialects retain a healthy old noun ending. u strain Vienaskaita Daugiskaita V.S. Ii'gus li'gus K. li-gaus, li-gw li‘ge: N. Lirgam li-giem(s) Mr. li‘gu li*gus In. li*gu li-geis See li-gem li-guos(e) u-kamieniy conjugation of adjectives, except vns. "I'm not different from the rest". Vns. in addition to the old u-kamieniy form of adjectives in Snektos sometimes has the ia-kamieniy form. It seems that the example of neighbouring Žemaičių dialektai (Kuršėnai, Papilė, Akmėnė) could have helped the ia stem forms to change to u stem, because in them u-stem adjectives already have considerably more ia stem forms. However, the ia root forms can also descend to the ancestor of the u-root adjectives according to the vns of the ia-root nouns of those dialects themselves. the analogy of a nobleman, e.g.: kneels on a sick knee; I can't find the apuole anywhere in me'd; sė"ne (cow) išplempe pūse kūbila sū're va'ndine Skn. * Cf. vns of ia-root nouns of the same origin. rear end, see LKK, vol. 3, pp. 100-101. 186 The female genus Female adjectives of all stems are conjugated in the same way as ir tų The same stems feminine nouns, so neither paradigm examples nor comments on individual verbs are given separately, because what is said about the female nouns of the respective stems is appropriate." Here it can be added that the adjectives ri‘ti-kice, šindieni'kšče šendieni:'kšče, || vakari'kšče next to io-kamieniy have ė-kamieniy ir forms (ri "ti'shte, shi'ni'shte || Day and night; vns. kilm. ri‘ti‘kstes, šidieni"kštes || šedieni"kštes, vakari'kštes ir etc. ), o adjectives didele, dėžinė, kairė vns. nobleman, local, dgs. nuudininke, įnagininke vietininke ir has adjacent stem forms beside its old ė-stame forms, e.g.: io vns. kilm. : didelo's, || desefio'- s, kdifo's; || vns. || vt.: didelė"di- | delo", désiné: || dėšino", kairé || kaifo; dgs. caud. : didelūm(s) || didelém(s) || didelo'm(s)...; dgs. inn. : size(s) large'm(s) || large:m(s)...; || dgs. vt.: — didelis*s(e) || didelo“s(e) || dideluose(e)... The same phenomenon is observed in ir the neighboring Zemgalių dialects. It is the — result of strain mixing. It is true that the noun forms of the respective vowels may have had some influence on the mixing of the stems of these adjectives, ir where the clear stem-terminal io is only heard, e.g.: vns. kilm. whenMake yourself, come on. viet. "Kair'jo" ir t. t. 3. Adjective gradation Higher degree of adjectives Descriptive Northwestern Highlander dialects (as in many ir adjacent Vysočina and Zemgale dialects) the higher degree of adjectives from lk. differs only in the solid suffix, e.g.: aukštė*snis, aukštė“sne; baltė*snis, baltė“sne; didžio*snis, didžio“sne. The adjectives of this degree are conjugated: ; Female gender Singular Plural Singular Plural V.S. baltė*snis baltėsi V.S. baltė*sne balté snes balté’snei K. balté sne baltésio’s K. baltesiu baltésne (ret.) baltésiu baltésnés (1. ret.) balté snes baltesnd N. baltesniem(s) m baltesné-i N. baltesiium(s) balté Sui baltesiom(s) ; baltesné'm(s) G. balté sni baltésius G. balté'sne baltésnes In. baltésnu baltésneis In. baltésne baltésium(s) baltésio'm(s) baltésné'm(s) See baltesnem(e) baltésiuos(e) - See baltesiio baltésiios(e) balté Sho: baltésnés(e) - baltesné* baltésiuos(e) 7 Zr. LKK, vol. 3, pp. 100-103. 187 Adjectives of the upper masculine gender vns. user and dgs. the noun also has the forms of ia root nouns. The females of the upper class. kilmininko, vietininko, dgs. The old ė-stem forms of the noun, the adjective and the local noun, as in the adjacent Žemaičių dialektese®, are replaced by the corresponding io-stem forms. The paradigm shows that some adjectives of higher degree are pronounced in two ways: either they have an accent in the prefix, or in the ending (from which it mas į pirmąjį skiemenį). Toks kirčiavimas gali būti atsiradęs dėl kelių priežasčių: 1. Dėl aprašomųjų šnektų kirčio atitraukimo savotiškumų. Taip, pvz.: vns. is deducted innagininkas and dgs. the last part can be pronounced in two ways: bdltesiiu, baltesne; white, whiter and whiter, whiter; baltésius, baltésnes. In those dialects where the accent can be deducted by 1 penultimate syllable, this pronunciation can be generalized to other dialects. This generalization is particularly favourable in the eastern edge of the šnekų area, because the adjacent middle highland dialects (Joniškis and others) tend to divert the accent only to the penultimate syllable, e.g.: dgs. ward. older, dgs. kilm. I'm a senior. 2. The pronunciation of the vowels of individual adjectives of the higher degree can be generalized by the constantly pronounced vowels, e.g.: vns. kilm. balté snes, vns. viet. baltė*sno" || baltė“snė" and so on. 3. Aukštesniojo laipsnio būdvardžių kirčiavimo įvairavimui, ypač vakarinėje in the part of the area of the Šnektai (Šakyna, Šiupyliai, Auksučiai), it may also be influenced by the adjacent Kuršėnų dialect of the Žemaičių mudininkai, in which these adjectives are pronounced with the II and IV accents. In some dialects, due to the laws of assimilation of vowels in this dialect, the accentuated -esnis, -ė vowel e is not prolonged, e.g. vyr. g. vns. ward. Gershwin, pc. caud. „mažešriu- “, vns. gal. younger, etc. This was also the case for the north-western section of the bridge. In descriptive speech, as in all adjacent dialects, the highest degree of adjectives is made with the suffix -(iJausis, -(i)ausia, e.g.: bjaurd'usis, bjaurd use; gerd'usis, gerd'use; piked usis, piked'use. The only difference between the two is that the females have a higher degree of sexual maturity. different four-line verbs: vns. The noun (skaūnid'usis), the adjective (skanid'usi), the pronoun (skanid'usem(e) || skana'usi') and dgs. denominator (skarnid'usei)*. Vns. noun form of a local, used next to the old superior vns. local form, is still rare. The feminine adjectives of the upper case have the same endings as the io-stem nouns??. The pronunciation of superior adjectives is the same as Ik. * See also LKMSR, p. 167. * For their relationship with the corresponding upper-grade adjectives of the neighbouring middle-highland and Žemaičių dialects, see Zr. LKMSR, p. 167. 10 See. LKK, vol. 3, p. 102. 188 Other degrees of adjectives 1. The Taller. The higher degree is made with a suffix su -élesnis, -élesne, e.g. didė'lesnis, didė"lesne; Smaller, smaller, smaller. This type of detection is quite rare in the field. The verb endings of the adjectives of the higher degree of the masculine genus are as follows: ‘pat, as in the higher ir degree, except vns. a noun, which has no noun form at all, only a noun form: mažė'lešfiui. o Female adjectives of — the higher degree are conjugated as female adjectives of the higher degree only, except vns. native, nowhere has adjacent io-kamieniy forms. The conjugation of adjectives of this degree is constant. 2. The highest degree of all adjectives. This degree is made by various iš syntactic constructions: Pronoun a) itself, adjective itself, noun ir form, e.g. : pac didi'sis; pa ce greatly chosen; I'm on the deepest snow Skn; The aš same sand'ji, the same beautiful'ji Sk: self-healing medicines Dilb. Ši construction is used very widely. b) The pronoun itself, the adjective ir itself in the superior form, e.g.: elzbieta sama send'use; I'm sorry for the ugly thing. Ši construction in descriptive speech is quite rare. ¢) Superior adjective ir Zodeliy už fish (for all send'use), for all for all, for all (stabard'uskis for all seid'usis Dilb; Shooting, — it's for all lerigvd use death Gold); all" (I left all my seats) Sk), (ko: kė send use daine uždainūok Drg) kt. ir d) The most common forms of adjectives in the plural are: ir gėrū' gerd'usis, ndujū' naujda'usis. e) the adjectives of the higher ir degree vis, už par vis, etc., e.g.: vis gerė'snis; for ir all the young; par visas už gerė'sne kt. ir The intensity of a characteristic can be described in ir another way, e.g.: bd'Ic balčd'usis "very white, extremely white", gers gefd'usis, júoc nidžd'usis. 4. Substantive adjectives Substantive adjectives are very commonly used in ir conversation. Jų Origin! ir Wartosena! ? the same as ir I'm going. Substantive forms are made of ir iš adjectives of the upper and uppermost degree. However, the nominal forms of the ir uppercase of all the uppercase adjectives are relatively rare. : Examples: higher-grade jvardZiuotinés better'sis, formos: geresié she; darker'sis, darkeseio it; aukSecondary grade geré-lesnisis, geré-lesio she; auksGerd — usi'sis gefd-usesis of the highest rank — || (r.), gerd uso ji; seid usi'sis seid sesis, sefid'uSo'ji; of all the highest || degree visu ugerd'usi'sis visu' ged usesis, visu' gerd uso'ji. " Zr. Z. — Zinkevičius, IBIB, pp. 5-18 || and LD, pp. 277-279. 12 Zr. A. Valeckiené, The use of nominative adjectives in contemporary Lithuanian language, Literature language, ir t. 2, p. 172—256; LKG, t. 1, p. 505—513. 189 Singular V.S. Vyriškoji giminė white, clear, highest, send'usi'sis, white, clear || a iskisis || gražėsis, send'usesis (|. ret.) K. baltoje, aisko je, aukstésioje, sefid uso’ je N. ba-lto"jui, driškorjui, aukštesnojui, seid uso jui G ba lta'ji, aiskuji, aukštesni'ji, sera usi'ji, a'iški'ji, senda use'ji(l. ret.) stambe'ji, In. baltūoju, aiškūoju, aukštešnuoju, send usuoju Vt. baltameé je, aiskemé'je, aukStesnemé je, send useme’je Plural V.š baltiejei, aiškiejei, aukštesniejei, sena'usiejei K. balti ju, aiski ju, aukSteSau ju’, seid usu’ ju N balties.a'm(s), aiskieSa'm(s), aukštesniešįū"m(s), seid usieSia'm(s) baltiesiem(s) (I. ret.), G baltūošus, aiškūošus, aukštešiiūošus, senid'ušuošus Int. baltaiseis, aiskéiseis, aukStesnéiseis, send useiseis Vt baltiiosuos(e), aiskiioSuos(e), auksteShiioSuos(e), send uSuosSuos(e) From the u stem derived jvardZiuotiniy adjectives vns. the noun has two contiguous forms, e.g. aiski‘sis, gražėsis. Their appearance must probably be considered as the result of the influence of the neighbouring Žemaičių dialects'®, Sometimes we meet other kinds of neighbouring forms, e.g. rū'kštus —ru'kštusis || ru'kštasis Dilb. The form ru'kštasis, perhaps, arose from the analogy of a trunk (see white, angry). Top-level substantive adjectives vns. The adjacent forms of the noun with -is can be explained by the peculiarities of the upper degree of ordinary adjectives: gerd'usi'sis < gerd'usis + jis. Vns of nominative adjectives. the noun, as in the adjacent Žemaičių dialects, has only the noun galling. The name of the family is derived from adjectives vns. the adjective has adjacent forms of the same origin as vns. denominator. ia-kamienés forms graže'ji, stambe'ji instead of u-kamienys will appear according to vns. the analogy of the denominator. The name of the family is derived from adjectives vns. the pronoun is made similarly as in neighbouring Žemaičių dialects, e.g.: didemi'jie Krš, dideméijie Pp*®. In the subterranean area there are almost purely subterranean vns. local forms, e.g. mažamė'jie Krp. 13 Plg, LKMSR, pp. 167-168. 14 For the origin of the prefix -o(j), see Z. Zinkevičius, ĮBIB, pp. 93-94 and LD, p. 285. 15 On origin, see K. fisnncs, IpasMwsaruka JinTOBecKOoro s35iKa, Ilerporpaas, 1908—1916, p. 114. ; Z. Zinkevičius, LD, p. 113. 190 Dgs. denominatir or dgs. noun, as in neighbouriir ng Žemaičių dialektai (Papilės, Kuršėnų), has noun endings?*. The name of the male family. the noun is sometimes pronounced in Žemaitijos dialect, e.g. : bd'Itasis, didi'sis. The female genus Singular V.š baltoji, aiškor'ji, aukštešno'ji, send'ušo'ji balto ses, K. aisko'ses, aukstesno’ses, send uso'ses balt jei, a-isk ajei, aukstésn ajei, sefid N a us a: if ba'lta je, G. a-iskaje, aukstésiaje, send'uša'je In. baltdje, aiška'je, aukstesid je, seid usa’je See baltojo“, aiskd jo, aukstesina jo, send uso’jo* Plural V.S. ba'lto"ses, aisko ses, aukstésio ses, send uso ses balté ses, aiško*ses, aukstesioses, baltii ju, aiskiju, aukstesiii ju, send usu jut baltimsum(s), aiškūmšum(s), aukštešnūmšum(s), seid uSumsum(s) balté-sum(s), aisko K. sum(s), aukstesio-Sum(s), seid uso N. Sum(s) ; balto-so'm(s), aiSké-5o'm(s), aukstesio-so'm(s), seid uso-So'm(s) G. "-balta'ses, aiskd ses, aukSstesSnd ses, sena'uša'ses didžo'ses, In. baltūmšum(s), aiSkimsum(s), aukštešūūmšum(- s), send uSumsum(s) balté:sum(s), aisko-sum(s), aukstesioSum(s), send uso Sum(s) balté-5o'm(s), aiSké-50'm(s), aukstesié-5o'm(s), seid-uso'So'm(s) See balto50°s(e), aiskoso's(e), auksitesno-So's(e- ), send uSo'So's(e) baltiiosuos(e), aiskiiosuos(e), aukstesiiiosuos(e), seid usuosuos(e) Dgs. the noun of the noun and the noun of the noun are already overlapping in all respects and have 3 identical contiguous forms, of which jy'viena with the preserved I component consonant m and at the same time the doubled ending um. On the eastern edge of the area (near Skaistgiris) such adjacent dgs are occasionally encountered. end forms, such as: didžd'*ses, didžo'ses. It appears to have come from the eastern Altay dialects, plg. The DGS. gal. gerd ss (here 1k. ą is converted to 0, e.g. ko'Si§ ~ kasnis)’. In the descriptive speech, the dgs is pronounced double. denominator. Dgs. user and dgs. innagininkas is pronounced the same —the difference in preposition is not felt from hearing. 16 For the origin of noun endings, see Z. Zinkevičius, IBIB, pp. 83-85and LD, p. 268—269. 17 As to the origin and prevalence of these forms, see Z. Zinkevičius, [BIB, pp. 27-28 and LD, pp. 291-292. 191 Indefinite nouns are only a pronoun something else, e.g.: va daba to already something else Skn; daba tai kas kita ravė't: we've melted, soft Darg. The meaning of the sentences shows that this is an anonymous genus, but the old form of the anonymous genus of the Snakes should be phonetically abbreviated: what else. This form of the pronoun has therefore either come into the descriptive speech from other dialects or has been adapted to the feminine gender vns. of the noun, which retains the ending a. Everywhere else, instead of an indefinite genus is usually used: a) Male vns. a noun, e.g.: tas jau nė“ with a capital Iūime Zg; b) Male vns. end verb, e.g.: a padarei ta, ka: aš ta'u sakau Skn. Number. Except for the personal pronouns as, ti, ta'msta, non-verbal pronouns are not numerated. The personal pronouns I, you, dns, ana, he, she have 3 numbers: singular, plural and plural. In addition to their binary forms, the plural forms are now used just as often. There are two different types of indexes, for example, indexes of the same type, for example, indexes of the same type. túodu, té dvi (mot. g.), Šiuodu || šiedu; kilm. both of them". Perhaps, the binary forms will be retained here by the noun dns, ana, used in the greater part of the speaking area both as a personal and as a demonstrative. As a personal pronoun, it has a regular double form, which is sometimes retained and used in demonstrative. All other pronouns in the dialect have only singular plural. Funny. Vns. ir and dgs. local no longer have personal pronouns I, you. There is no pronoun for the non-noun pronouns niemand, alles, wat and all compound pronouns made with it (bele wat, wat néns || nént...). The localization of these pronouns is replaced by adverbs. Differences in the conjugation of pronouns from Ik. occurs and more. For example: : a) Male pronouns ans, he, what, who, this, that, tatras and non-mensual nieks, visska vns. innagininke, in addition to the basic form anuo, jué, kué, katruo, nieku, Šūo, tūo, viskuo, has somewhat rarer consonant forms with -m: dnuom || anum, jūom, kūom || kūm, katruom || katrum (pronounced), niekuom || niekum, šūom || Sim, tūom tūm, tatruom tatrum (pronounced), viskuom viskum. b) Pronouns ans, kic, tas vns. The pronoun in addition to the forms anam(e), kitam(e), tam(e) in the western part of the speaking area has occasionally the adjacent forms anem(i), kitom(i), tėm(i)*". c) The plural form of masculine pronouns closer to the Žemaičių border (Auksučiai, Kruopiai, partly || Šakyna) besides || forms with the ending -iem(s), e.g.: || aniem(s), kitiems(s), has also Žemaičių forms with the ending -im(s), e.g.: tims**. d) The plural ending of the pronouns ans, katras, šis, tas, tatras in the western part of the speaking area has the forms anūos, katrios, Šios, tūos, tatrios and the Žemaičių forms anus, katrus, Sus, tus, tatrus®. e) Female pronouns no, what, such, some, different, some, any vns. The noun has an ending, e.g. -i jd'ki jo'ki jo'ki joki || joki, kéki || kė'ki || kū'ki ~ ~ koki || || koki. The same || ending these pronouns have in some adjacent middle Highlands (e.g.; Rudiškių, Daunoravos kéki, tdki) and Žemaičių dounininkai (e. g. : "Papilės tiok¢ ~ toki" (in Lithuanian). * For their origin, see LKMSR, p. 169. ** Plg. LKMSR, p. 168. * For more details see. LKMSR, p. 169. 198 f) Pronouns one, she, one, this, that, tatra vns. The noun has only noun forms in the whole speaking area: jė-je, katrd je, Šarje, td-je, tatra'je. and‘je, Be to, about Auksucius, Painstakio ng, sometimes ir Dilbinus, Sentence occurs ir already in abbreviated noun forms: andi, katrd-i, šė'i, td*i. This is used in a number of different forms, e.g. : ir "Andja, katrdi, ~ še'i, to". Nejvardziuotiniy forms somewhat more frequently found at the middle highlands border about Kyburius, sometimes ir Skaistgiris, etc., e.g.: su_ja~su ta ja, Kyb, ta Sk. Nominative singular vns. Instead of the non-identified forms, the forms of the noun occur in ir adjacent middle-highland dialects, e.g. : Rudiškių ta ir jd'je, td yeah. g) The pronoun in ta singular possessive possesses very often a masculine vns next to the 16° feminine form. ir the placeholder form tam(e)**. h) The pronouns ana, ji, katra, tatra, ši, in the plural ta final vowel have the long ending and's, ja-s, katras, Ša's, tars, a: tatrd's. However, sometimes, especially closer to the Žemaičių border, the forms short this, that are found. ir su a: i) The pronouns ir kas tas galininke sometimes have ir forms of unclear origin kūo, tūo (Roots, seeds)?! Spelling. There is no unified system of pronouns. They are divided into several į groups, which differ more or less from each other ar according to their pronunciation. 2. Personal pronouns are used in schnekts: as, you, dns, ana, he, she'®, ta'mista, pac, pati. Pronouns as, you. At vns. of the denominatė tor as, quite often accompanied by an enclitic particle -ai: aces, tues. You. manés, tavė's, must be, made of the end-vowel ė-stem nouns vns. the nobleman- 's example, cf. Kate's, cottage cheese. There is no explanation jų for the origins of the phoneme. In the middle of the ir mountains there is a small lake. noble forms are not available. Vns. the form of the noun is mdr'n, ta'u. The abbreviated form md" is ir widely used next to mdn. Vns. The final forms mani mani, tavi tavi ~ coincide with the ~ corresponding forms of the su adjacent middle-highland Žemaites. ir About Kroopiūs, Dilbinus, Šakyną sometimes instead of the usual vns. the final form of your father. ir Ši The form probably came from iš the Samogitians of Akmena, but in individual cases it can be said about the ir influence of the Latvian language. Vns. innagininko forms me, you from I'm going. differs only in a shortened limb. Dgs. in the nominatiyra ve form mas, jū's. However, in addition to the form mė's, mas is used almost throughout the speaking ir area. Plg. adjacent Samogitian dialects (Kuršėnų ir "Marsh". 40 For more details see. LKMSR, p. 169 ir LKGS, p. 178. “1 For more jų information, see LKMSR, p. 169 ir LKGS, p. 177. ** For dns, dna jis, areas of ir use, see ji LKMSR, p. 169—170. 199 Dgs. with the nobleman next »ntsu, jū'su** are very widely used forms characteriir stic of neighbouring inland dialects miiso, jū'sa mii'sa ~ jūso. ~ Į personal names dgs. the nobleman -o the ending probably came through the adjective ~ pronouns mana mano, ~ tava tavo*!. Dgs. the forms of the noun are mum(s), jum(s). Only the subterranes an remains intact. ir Dgs. The forms of the finalis in descriptive speeches are very diverse: next to dgs. iš the past forms of the noun mūm(s), jūm(s) are taken into use in the ir present dgs. the genitive forms mūm(s), jum(s). Closer to the border of Lithuania dgs. The old dgs are used for the final. inagininko forms mumis, jumis, o about Sakyna ir Auksučius occasionally occurs even further processings jų mūmes, — jūmes*5. Dgs. the noun forms mūm(s), jūm(s) are abbreviated: have no ending -i-, o -s more commonly occurs also only in the very underground. The plurals of these pronouns are used in the following forms: The male genus Female gender V. mūdu, judu mudvi, judvi V. mudvieju', jūdvieju' K. mudves, jūdves : (Skn, Auks)!? N. for us, for you, K. for you* for us, for you, for you (Skn, Auks, for N. us, for you Krp, Dilb) mudvi, G. judvi mūdu, G. judu mudves, judves (Skn, Auks) In. for us, for you In. mudviem, judviem mudum, judum (Skn, Auks, Vt. p 5 Krp, Dilb) See — = The third-person pronouns dns, ana, it are conjugated ji as follows: The male genus Singular Plural ans, V. he anie, they ano", V. K. jo K. anu’, ji N. and'm, ja'm N aniem(s), dni(s) G. ana, ji anim(s) In. anuo, juo anuos, G. juos anuom, juom anus anum In. anais, jéis See soul(s) See year(s), sea(s) * Unpronunciated dgs. the limb of the nobleman, except for the paZemaite itself, is always long; the exception ro madeonly these pronouns. ** Plg. J. Jablonskis, Raštai, t. 1, Vilnius, 1957, p. 266. 1* On origin Zr. LKMSR, p. 170. ** For these dvs. For the ir relationship of the noun su forms in Žemaičių dialektai see. LKMSR p. 170. 4 : 7 For the relationship of these su forms in Žemaičių dialektai Zr. Ibid. , 200 The female genus Singular Daugiskaita V. ana, ji V ano's, jo's K. ano's, jo's anu', K. jir andi, jé'i N. anum(s), ana", N. ano'm(s), G. jo'ms ja In. and je, jé'je and's, G. ja's anai, anas, ana, In. ja anum(s), ano'm(s), jo'm(s) See Yes, yes, yes. See year(s), my(s) year(s), my(s) Binary The male genus The female genus V.G. anide, iodide V.G. anūdvi, jiedvi antiodu, jūodu antiodvi, juodvi K. + anudvieju, anūdves, anuodvieju“, jūodvieju* antiodves N. In. anudviem, jiedviem K. anudvieju’, aniiodviem, jūodviem antiodvieju-, jlodvieju’ anudum, N.In. anudviem, jiedviem anvodum, antiodviem, jūodviem See anūdvijās(e), Vt. anūdviejo's(e), anuūodviejuos(e) anūdviejuos(e), anuodviejo's(e), antiodviejuos(e) Be ty things, which about the individual syllables of these pronouns to say in the section "General remarks", it is also mentioned that next to the third-person pronoun feminine gender vns. In the form of ji the noun closer to the middle highland border quite often ir found jin. Ji occurred iš by the fall of an inclined particle - Ai. The plural forms of third-person pronouns are made only from iš the root of masculine pronouns; the ending indicates the genus of these forms. Be to, pronouns dns, in the plural paradigm such forms are widely established, where the first component's old masculine plural noun-final ending -wo, probably by analogy with abū, abūdu, abbreviated į -u, e.g. : anūdu, anūdvieju". The plural endings of the pronouns ji dns, ana, hij, are the same as those of the pronouns as, dualis. ir ru IvardZio jis, ji binary rarer than the pronoun dns, dna. Since he, to Ji There is no limit to the number of rows in the pattern. jo Recursive pronoun The recursive pronoun savė*s is conjugated as as of personal pronouns, singular. ti It's just a matter of having the local's funny sdvi." — In that part of the snout area where there is vns. the final form rėvi, next to ir sdvi sometimes said to be of the same origin as rtėvi, the form sėvi. 201 Possessive pronouns Aprašomosios šnektos turi šiuos nekaitomus savybinius įvardžius: mana, tava, sava, mūsu || mū'sa, jū'su || jū'sa. In addition, about Skaistgiris and Gruzdžiūs mA" "my" occurs, e.g.: tu ma: vaika suvilojei Grz; ma: vūiks, lai pastd' (cow) at the sauna; čik ti, ma: vaiks, kas ja: dé's péiku mefuku Sk. Variable adjective pronouns: a) manasis, mand'ji; savais, savo'ji; yours, your own; ju'sasis, ju'so'ji; mu'sasis, mu'so'ji; b) maniškis, maniske; taviskis, taviske:; saviskis, saviske; jusiskis, ju'siske; Mu'sish, mu'sish. The pronouns maniškis, maniške... are conjugated and pronounced as adjectives with the suffix -iškis, -ė. The noun and pronoun usually have noun endings, e.g. mu'siškui, mu'siški“. Pronouns my, my's; yours, your's... are conjugated and pronounced as noun adjectives (white, white). Variable adjectives, like Ik., tend to become nouns, e.g. mu'sasis (i.e. father or son) kai va'kar išė'je, tai da'r i nesiro*da; maniškis (i. e. man) and the forest is exported Skn. Variable adjective pronouns differ from invariable pronouns in that invariants can be used in all cases, whereas variables can only be used when speaking about persons or animals (sometimes) and only when the pronoun is used alone, i.e. without a noun, e.g. ne mano vi'rs, tavo'ji pati, but only mano, tavé ji. Among the possessive pronouns, we can also mention the pronoun tava derivative lingkors, -e "your, yours", e.g.: jau tavine gėro'je grė'blūka nėbė; You're the one who's making the buzz. It is rare and probably not old. It is often used in the forms "to be, to be, to be, to be, to be, to be, to be, to be, to be, to be, to be, to be". The following demonstrative pronouns are used in descriptive schnets: dans, ana; Šd'ks ~ šioks || $6°ks || So°ks ~ šioks, Šoki ~ šiėki || Šdrki || S6-ki ~ šioki; this, that; tas, ta; to'ks ~ toks || to'ks || r6"ks ~ toks, to'ki ~ toki || tė'ki || té ki ~ toki. The pronoun šitas, šita is rarely used. As a response to the questioning-relative pronoun katras, katra next to the demonstrative pronoun tds, ta is used the pronoun tdtras, tatra, e.g.: katras važūoste i žagū're? —katras važūosme, tatras, a ta'u not anyway: katra' Sake I got? katra' né-ri, tatra' Skn. The demonstrative pronouns are conjugated differently: §é'ks || §6 ks || So ks, §o°ki || šdrki || $o°ki, t6'ks || tks | to'ks, téki| toki| té'ki are conjugated as a questioning pronoun ko'ks || kdrks || ko'ks, koki || kéki|| kéki: tatras, tatra —as a questioning pronoun katras, katra; ans, ana —as a personal dns, ana; pronouns this, this, that, that are conjugated again differently, cf. : Male genus Singular Plural V. this, that V. these, those K. šo, 107 K. Si, tir 202 N. Sa'm, ta'm N. Siem(s), tiem(s) šim(s), tim(s) ši, G. ta G. Šuos, tiios Sus, tus In. That, that. In. Seis šėis, || tais tais šūom, || tūom See Here(s), here(s) Stim, tim See Sam(e), tam(e) Female gender Singular Plural ši, V. ta V. Sh*t, it's K. §o°s, to's K. Sir, ti N. She's, she's N §um(s), tūm(s) §é'm(s), té'm(s) G. ša“, ta G. sas, td's In. §éje, tdje In. §tim(s), tūm(s) šė'i, tai So'm(s), to'm(s) Sa, Vt. ta fo, Vt. to §o°s(e), to's(e) tam(e) Stios(e), tiios(e) Be tų things, which for the individual pronouns of these pronouns to say,,General remarks“ section should be added that the pronoun fds vns. adjective sometimes has the ir possessive form sano’, used next to the ordinary vns. nobleman-shaped 76°, td's. The form tano" is used only as a reply to the questioning pronoun with adjective meaning kano' kėno" "of mę whom" e.g. :kano" that pchili body" that pchili? || ? kano i* tano, tu sava nagu" nékisk: kano: rūnkelus pirmu atvago'- f? Kano* néri, tano*, only vagé'k greičau Skn. Women's family vns. the endnote $nektose occasionalir ly takes the form ši", e.g. ši" nū'kti "tonight" Gold, this summer "This Summer" Skn. The ir descriptive schnekts have the following questioning relative pronouns: who: katras, katra; ir kėli, kė*les: raised, raised up; keleri, ke"leres; kelero'ps, kelero'pa; koks kdrks ko.ks, koki kéki kė“ki. The pronoun kūris, kūri is very rare. Usually used instead of katras, katra, || sometimes kas || kéks ko°ks || || jo o ir ar || || ko ks, koki |kd'ki|| ki, ko pvz. : everybody, they do everything Skn; of kld-us, if (who stands) on the field side*: "or do you? *; when red (earth) bird hey, d that's the first one (kurie) nupjd-udd-va (his rye), pé-dus mat auksta:,,- i autumn, ore, autumn®, saki-dava Zg; ace as (the one) who gives bread Dam; ka ké'ke sené'la gauce, kas paded (which would help) iš gi'véiii; kdko's (which) want parties, is it's can mess Kyb. Relative ir question pronouns are not conjugated equally. What is conjugated as demonstrative pronoun tas “singular masculine, but does not have a pronoun; the adjective where is used instead. jo Life ** For its origin, see. LKMSR, p. 170. 203 tininkas remained only in old verse sayings, e.g.: vdikai, vanagai, kūme tė'va songoai? Shkn. Be to, vns. In addition to the form kė, the pronoun has the affixation form kano’ || kėno “of whom”. The pronouns kėli, kė'les, kélinc, kélinta, kelerd'ps, kelefo'pa are conjugated as adjectives of the corresponding stem. The pronoun kėleri, kė'leres is conjugated as plurals. Pronouns katras, katra, koks || kdrks || ko ks, ko'ki || ko ki || ko killing V katras, ko'ks || kdrks || koks V katrie, kokie || kd kie K. katro', kd'ke K. katru, kéku N. katrd'm, ko-kd'm N. katriem(s- ), ko'kiem(s) Vyriškoji giminė Vienaskaita Daugiskaita G. katra, koki ~ koki|| ko'ki ~ kokį katrim(s), kokim(s) (Škn, Auks, Krp) In. Katruo, ké'ku G. katrios, katrus, ko'kus katruom In. katrais, ko keis katrum (ret.) Vt. katruos(- e), ko kuos(e) Vt. katram(- e), ké kem(e) Female gender V katra, ko'ki || ko'ki || ko Vienaskaita Daugiskaita ki V katro's, ko'kes K. katro's, kéko's K. katru, kéku N. katrd'i, ko'kė'i N. katrium(- s), ko:kiūm(- s) katré m(s), ko'ké m(s) G G katra', In ko'ke katra's, ko'kes katrd je, koke In. katrum(- s), kékum(s) katrd'i katro'm(- s), ké ko m(s) katra Vt. katro's(- e), kd'ko se) Vt. katro', kė'ko' katruos(- e), ké'kuos(- e) In addition to what has been said about the pronunciation of these pronouns in the section,,- General remarks- “, we can add only that the different pronunciation of the pronouns koks, koki will most likely have arisen when the eastern Highland form kokis encountered the western — koks in conversation. Pronouns Pronouns. schnekts have a relatively large number, e.g.: jo'ks ||jd'ks || Jjo'ks, jo:'ki ~ noki| noki| noki ~ noki; katras, katra "each, -a"; katras viens, katraiena „each, -a“; kito ks || kitd"ks || kito"ks, kito'ki || kito ki || kitdė'ki || kitoki; nebakoks ||...**, nebako'ki || nėbeko'ki | nebakd ki || nebakėki: nekoks || nekd ks || nekoks (neko'ks), nako'ki || nakoki| nekd || nekėki; né'joks || néjoks || né:joks (néjo ks), né jo ki né-joki || néjokil néjoki;, né4* All pronouns with the suffixes -oks, -oki have also a three-way pronounced vns. forms of the noun, such as koks, koki, joks, joki. 204 kodks...,nothi- | ng no-nothing...; nleks; pac, pati; §6'ks... §6°ki...; 16°ks..., té°ki...; tas pac, pati; ta Té'ks... pat pat, || té'ki... pat pd't; all, all of; || everything; vieno’ks..., viend ki..., visd'ks || viso'ks..., viséki || viso'ki... and so on | Įvardžiai joks, joki, toks, toki, šioks, šioki, kitoks, kitoki, vienoks, vienoki, visoks, visoki, nėjoks, nėjoki, nekoks, nekoki kiti panašūs linksniuojami kaip klausiamasis-santykinis įvardis koks, koki. ir There is a variation only in the pronunciation of the pronouns kitoks, -i, nebekoks, -i, nėjoks, -i, nekoks, -i, nėkoks, -i, visokis, some syllables, -i therefore the paradigm of the pronoun visokis, is given. -i The male genus The female genus Singular Plural Singular Plural V. vse]..., vse'kie || vse-kie, V. vse'kil vse ..., kes vse'ks vse'kie vse'ki vseéke vse ku, K. vsesekos, vse ku, vse'ku' vse K. kos vse ku N. viso'kd'm viso*kiem(s) N. viso'ké'i viso:'kūm(s), viso:'ko"m(s) G. | visd'ki|| visd'ki', viso'kus G. visd'ke visd:kes viso ki In. visd'ke viso kum(s) In. viséku viso keis, visokum(s), viso'keis visé m(s), Vt. ko visékem(e), viso-kuos(e), viso m(s) ko viso-kem(e) viso'kuos(e) See viséko, visé ko's(e), viso viso'ko's(e), visé-kuos(e), ko viso'kuos(e) The iš interjection of the ending is detracted either the į penultimate or the first į syllable. The length of the ending is irrelevant for the pronunciation of the accent, so it seems that the penultimate syllable probably started to be pronounced according to such pronouns as joks, -i, koks, -i, toks, -i ir kt The most common form is the su penultimate syllable accent. The pronoun nieks is conjugated as the masculine singular of the demonstrative pronoun rds, only in the noun it has the noun ending czego; but the adjacent verb forms are the same as the pronoun tas. to Be to, instead of the local verb, the adverb nowhere is used. Like the conjugated pronoun ir viskas, but in all other conjugations it has adjacent forms with a connective vowel, e.g.: kilm. su a, everything”, naud. I'm sorry. (r.), gal. All right, in. Everything... This is a very rare type of su bridge, much less common than the other types of bridges. The local pronoun is replaced by an adverb everywhere. The conjugation of the pronoun pac*" is as follows: Vienaskaita Daugiskaita V. pac V. patis K. paties, K. pau pū'če N. patiem(s- ), N. paéi'm patim(s) Ms. pati Ms. palus In. paéu, In. padeis pats Vt. paéuos(e) Vt. = pacem(e), patem(e) (ret.) IvardZio pats vns. The ancestor has also a less common neighbouring ia-root form, probably derived from nouns through the word pac „man (Zmonos)“. Vns. The conjugator occasionally has an i-stem in addition to the ia-stame form. Vns. The adjacent form of the locality patem(e) may be lowland, but it may also have appeared in the dialects themselves according to those vowels that have not č, but f. For the beneficiary form, see General Notes. There are quite a lot of insignificant pronouns in conversation. By type of work, they can be divided into several groups: a) Indefinite pronouns without suffixes and prefixes, e.g. kėli, kė'les; what is “something”; kic, another "something"; kūris, kūri "something, something"; One, one. b) Indefinite pronouns with suffixes or prefixes, e.g. kėlinc, kelinta „someone, -i“; ko'ks, ko'ki... "something, somebody- "; n@ kuris, -i | nekūris, -i „someone“ (nekūris „someone- “) (nekūris „someone- “) (nekūris „someone- “) Zg; nekuri gėrai, ka vaika pasistuoriioje Krp.). This pronoun is not very lively. I have heard more about Žagarė. c) Compound indefinite pronouns: 1. Composed of two pronouns, e.g. this that; 2. Dance Like That 3. The first component is the particle kaZi || kažin || kažint, and the second is a pronoun. In addition, both components can be completely merged and not merged, e.g.: kažikas; kažiko'ks, kažiko'ki; cowhide; kažin(t) kas; kažin(t) katras, kažin(t) katra; kažin(t) ko'ks, kažin(t) ko'ki... 3. The first component is the particle kai, the second — a pronoun, e.g.: kai kas; kai ko'ks, kai ko'ki... 4. The first component is a pronoun (kas; katras, -a; koé'ks, -i; kūris, -i), the second — a particle nons || nont || nors, né‘reit || nė"rentais (see Papilės nilorint d's), e.g.: kas ndns; katras, -a nėnt; ko'ks..., -i no'rent. 5. The first component is a foreign particle bil(e) || bėle5*, and the second — a pronoun (kas; katras, -a; ko'ks..., -i; kūris, -i...), e.g.: bil(e) kas || bel(e) kas; bil(e) katras, -a | bel(e) katras, -a. % The feminine genus (pati) is conjugated as io-stem adjectives (gradi). 51 Pig, Dictionary of Lithuanian Language, vol. 1, Vilnius, 1941, p. 671. 6. the first component is a particle jeb, and the second — a pronoun (kas: katras,-a; ko'ks...; kūris, etc.), e.g.: jepkas; jepkatras, -a; Yes, yes, yes. 7. Sometimes in the dialect there is an insignificant pronoun kas nebii't(u), kas nors“, made with the particle naebii't(u) of unclear origin and in very rare cases —bir. Indefinite pronouns are conjugated as the corresponding indicative or questioning pronouns (kas; kd'ks..., -i; kic, kita, etc.). The pronoun kėli, kė'les is conjugated as the plural of two-syllable ia-, io-stem adjectives. Pronoun kėlinc, kelinta —as a-, o-stem adjectives. For pronouns this that, §6°ks... to*ks..., $6°ki... to'ki, both parts are conjugated separately. In all other non-significant compound pronouns, only the component of the pronoun is conjugated. UMS TIPMJIAT ATEJIbHOE, UMCJIMTEJIbHOE H MECTOHMEHHME B 3AIMAJĮHO- -AYKINTAKTCKHX T OBOPAX IMOrPAHWYbS JIATBUUCKOH CCP A. HOHAHUTHTE Peswome B crarbe paccMaTpHBAIOTCS MMS NpHJIATATEJIbHOL, UKCJIHTEJIbHOS H MeCTOHMEHHE CAMbIX CEBEpHbIX 3anajiHO-ayKUITAHTCKUX TOBODpOB, VKA3bIBAIOTCS COOTHOLLEHHE HX C COOTBETCTBYIOUHMH (daKTAaMH JIHTOBCKOTO JiH TEpaTVpHOTO S513biKa a TaK- —XKE COCeHHX XKeMalTCKHX H CpejiHe-ayKIITaHTCKAX TOBODpOB (B OTJEJIbHbIX CJIYyasix —H C (paKTAMH JIATbILICKOTO $13bIKA. 4ac4acTeH peun: Husa npusarateanbHoe. B ucejejyeMbix roBopax nocreneHHO HCUe3aiOT You're a good boy. I lajiežknbie OKOHUAHHS IpHJIATATEJIbHbIX XeHCKOTO pojla TOXKJIECTBEHHbIi C COOTBETCTBYIOIMMH TMAJĮE>XXHbIMH OKOHUAHHAMH HMEH CYIIECTBHTEJIbHBIX *KEHCKOTO pojla Tex xe OCHOB. I lajexxHbIe OKOHUAHHSA TIpHJIaTAaTEJIbHbIX MVXKCKOTO poja B GOJIBIIMHCTBE CJy4aeB CBOASITCH K COOTBETCTBŪJOLIIHM NaJeXKHbIM OKOHUAHHSAM JIHTEPATYPHOTO SI3bIKA, TOJIbKO MOJABEpraioTcs pa3KHoro poja cokpaiienusiv. Kak Gojiee sipkHe OTKJIOHEHHS OT JIHTEpPaTypHOTO SI3bIKA MOXKHO YKa3aTh: (a) BTOpPXKeHHEe OKOHUAHHS HMEH CYIIeCTBHTEbHBIX B ĮĮaTEJIbHbIH Mae el.4. MHOrOCJIOXKHBIX NpHJjaraTesibHbiX € OCHOBAMH Ha a, ia (alkand-m || d-lkanui „ronojnnoMy“, vakari:-kščui „BuepammneMy“) H B MeCTHbkIH najex el. U. MHOTOCJIOXKHBIX IIpHJIATATeJIbHbIX C OCHOBOH Ha ia(vakari-ksti-); 6) YacTylo 3aMeHy dopůM pOAHTENBHOTO Najexka ej. 4. NpHjIaraTeJIbHbIX C OCHOBOH Ha u (opmamu pojiKTeJIbHOTO NajIeXKa TpHJIaTaTeEJIbHbIX C OCHOBOH Ha ia (li-gaus || li-ge,,raaikoro, poBHoro*). Kpome Toro, B0.1b >xkeMaliTCKOH rpaHHIlbl MpHJaraTe/- ibHbie MY KCKOT0 52 See also Zr. LKGS, p. 175-176. 207