Dabartinės lietuvių literatūrinės kalbos laiko konstrukcijos su galininku

LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE GRAMMATICS STUDIES IN LITHUANIA. OS TSR MOKSLY AKADEMI1JA CONTEMPORARY LITHUANIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE TEMPO CONSTRUCTIONS WITH REFERENCE A. RUZE Ivadas § 1. The main meanings of the time ending in the old Lithuanian writings and in the spoken language have been raised by many linguists!. In many cases, their statements also apply to contemporary literary language. About the meanings and use of the temporal ending in the current literary language we find most information in J. Jablonski’- s..Liksniuose ir prielinksniuose“? and academic grammar- ”. In these works, the finalis of time is discussed as one of the meanings of the finalis verb. In this article, we will not examine the temporal ending as a separate meaning of the final verb, but the temporal constructions* formed with the final verb. We will try to clarify the grammatical structure and lexical structure of temporal constructions with a suffix, the meanings of these constructions, the dependence of meanings on the grammatical and lexical characteristics of the construction, the tendencies of use of constructions. $ 2. Time constructions with a suffix, compared to constructions that are formed with other syllables, are the most productive and intensively used in the current literary language. They also have the most meanings. Four main types of time constructions with a suffix can be distinguished: 1) time moment or period of the action, 2) duration of the action, 3) duration of the result of the action, and 4) frequency of the action. In addition, the constructions of these meanings may have additional nuances resulting from their grammatical structure or lexical structure. Differences in the meaning of temporal constructions with a suffix are usually determined by the following most important factors: 1) the substantive of the verb acting as the main element of the construction, 2) the lexical meaning of the noun acting as the dependent element, 3) the grammatical and lexical properties of the sign “” acting as the suffix of the noun, 4) the structure 1 Schleicher, Litauische Grammatik, Prag, 1856, pp. 262—264; F. Kurschat, Grammatik der littauischen Sprache, Halle, 1876, pp. 380—382; E. Fraenkel, Syntax der litauischen Kasus, Kaunas, 1928, pp. 161—163,? J. Jablonskis, Selected Writings, vol. I, Vilnius, 1957, p. 617—62l1. * LTSR MA Institute of Lithuanian Language and Literature, Lithuanian Grammar, vol. I, Vilnius, 1964, p. 197—199, * Time constructions are verb combinations that denote time relationships. the number form of the noun with the dependent noun. Not always all these factors play an equal role. In some cases one of these factors is more important than the other. I. Constructions representing the moment or period of time of action $ 1. The moment or period of the time of action is determined by the action of the verb that is the main focus of the construction. The moment of action is represented by constructions, the main focus of which is the verb of the event agent, The verb-described action occurs at a certain moment of time said by the noun. Kastulis Narvilas arrived in Vilnius at midnight hungry. VaizgRR II 72. In the morning, all the bubbles were gone. I 100. On Sunday, on the eve of the exams, my mother came. 126. In the spring, after coming back from vacation, cousin Jurgis Šauklys came to visit us. SimonNTP 308. The time period of the action is expressed by constructions, the main focus of which is the verb of the action. It is not clear how long the action lasts: it can take place for a shorter, longer or fuller period of time than the one indicated by the noun. Karusé cried at night, stuck in a heavy heel pillow. God-GuzR I 26. It rained on Sunday. MačAD 86. After all, birds can't do anything else but whistle, and in winter they have to starve. BalčAP 184. In the summer there were waves of golden bells. MarcBR 148. In other respects, these constructions of close values do not differ, so they are considered here together. Only in the illustrations the constructions representing the time moment of the action are presented first, then from a new line — the constructions representing the time period of the action. $ 2. In the case of constructions denoting the moment or period of time of an action, the subject is always the singular noun. These time constructions are formed with nouns of quite definite lexical meanings. The names of parts of the day, days of the week, seasons, time units and indefinite amounts of time are commonly used. Rarely, they are constructed with nouns of other temporal meanings. Constructions made with nouns denoting units of time or indefinite amounts of time always have a structurally necessary sign. Constructions of the same meanings, formed with nouns of other semantic groups mentioned above, can be both with and without notations. $ 3. In contemporary literary language, constructions denoting the moment or period of time of action, whose dependent focus is the suffix of the names of parts of the day, days of the week and seasons of the year without notations, are very productive. In addition to the marks, sometimes another noun with a different temporal meaning is used. There were many carriages coming to the parish in the morning. 355 pp. 3. Both the day and the night must be scraped. KatkR 91. At midnight "everybody knocked out of sleep. Ms. Finally, at noon, he caught a large, viscous snare. VienR IV 24. On Monday, sometimes on Tuesday, he returned to his home until the next Saturday. Myk-PutR III 256. In spring one cow fell, now another. Er. Autumn Bartkus received a letter from his son. MarcBR 157. Midsummer came to Andriuk86 as and found jį him running away. GricŽ 240. He will experience, I used to aš come, he ir comes on a holiday to hear the į news. BilR 1 104. Night birds sleep during the day. JNSH. Aš well know, ką means night to seek your shore. MieZSA 163. Su what through the fence in the morning at home kuždėjais ? SruogR III 10. At noon, sitting somewhere in a pear tree, you read, write, stretching out in the sun. VienR VII 40. Vilius wants to cross the ar summer tree on Tuesday Wednesday. SimonR V 13. We'll go see it on Monday. SimonNTP 224. Jo rooms, not ventilated in summer, o not heated in winter, for a long time stood filled with all kinds of performed rakandas. Myk-PutR In winter he IV 9. wore thick mil trousers black worn, scratched ir furs. KrévRg 171. The old . Ir man, the ir young man. Grl. $ 4. Very common constructions, formed by noun generations, su with the singular suffix. The final part of these words indicates a very general, undefined time®. In their meaning function, the ir endings of these words are close to adverbs®. In the case of the present tense, the tense is usually in the form of the past tense. su But here once people came, took the flax tops uprooteuž d. ir su BalčAP 24. Once he even tried to accompany, but he can't nė pronounce a word humanly. GrušK 122. Once upon a time, Damien "rocket" on the hat fell. SajK 111. Once black stood at Vilko Eye of the Lake ir ži created į a pine forest. VencIR II 50. Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman. Occasionally, 9. there are constructions that focus on the present tense form of the verb. Once we passed a horse iš that was in the — church yard. ŽemR 1V 314. However, the present tense form in such cases always denotes a past action. Su In the past tense forms of the verb ar nouns generation, time ir construction marks of spoken meanings with the suffix are not formed in the current be literary language. The construction of the words kartas, sykis with the su suffix means a very undefined period of time of action. ar Therefore, they are often extended by another noun verb, verb prefix or adverb, which specifies the su time of action. I got wet once in autumn Burbiskin felt the blowing arty. BilR 1 178. Once there was a po great thunderstorm. SajJ 48. Once he wounded the company commander in a shootout (tsp). But I aš couldn't ir stand once I wet the pastures į at night. BaltPV ! 91. Once I go to the manor in į the ir evening I meet a beggar (out). Once during the break I walk with my friends su and I find a cigarette in the yard. ir SruogR V 169. But the construction su once, once ir be such expanding words are full of structure. $ 5. The ending of nouns usually goes with optional su demonstrative nouns, — adjectives, numerals, pronouns participants. ir The words that follow these marks usually also have a lexical temporal meaning. * English Grammar, t. I, p. 198. ** K. Ulvydas, On the Adverbation of the Singular Final in the Present Lithuanian Language,,,Lietuviy kalbotyros klausimai“, II, V., t. 1959, p. 75. 87 1) A noun marker extends those constructions whose dependent focus is a noun denoting a part of the day. The Day of Tomorrow Martha's su mother came to Kavolius. ZemR IV 136. Ką we think, when we fall asleep in the autumn po night under our roof? On 165. Saturday afternoon Arvydas, as usual, turned again towards the lake. LankNR 171. On Friday morning, however, her enthusiasm vanished. VienR On Saturday 157. evening everyone breathed freely. Myk-PutR VI 40, When the wedding began, the bachelorette party, Kupsčiai took Peter's i stable to give him the promised portion. ŽemR I 181. About In order to protect the crops from thorns, the thorns were covered with boiled meat on Easter Day. LEB 59. Tomorrow morning, sunrise, Balsių Peter su was already pulling the ox yoke through į the fields of the gardens. Myk-PutR VI 71. On Christmas night, the animals talk to each other. Yeah, yeah. ' And my love flies on a falling star on an August night. MaldŠM 85. In the past, the term was used more frequently than today. su be The final word in the time constructions be of the literary language of the note is replaced by the placeholder in the evening." 2) Adjectives are usually used with nouns denoting parts of the day, seasons, and days of the week. The most commonly used ir constructions, extended by adjectives early, early, late late. ir ir In other adjectives, the final part of the time structure is su expanded rather rarely. Next Sunday, po noon, Kedulių Katrė went to į Šilėnai. Myk-PutR VI 583. Early in the morning they will put coal paper bags in į carts and take them ir to the city stores... po 18. Although the master ta arrived early in the morning, soon everyone, even the old lady, jo runs to meet him. CvMS 331. Where do you sleep late at the party? SNėrKBM 85. After a quick afternoon, Julė said she would come back only late in the evening. KrėvLŽ 184. In the late afternoon Alma was going home. BubLK 155. In early autumn, when all nature is shining, colours are visible to everyone. LankNR 98. Early spring tomato sprouts rų grown in inspections (sighs). I didn't defend the į end of the field on a holy day. MaSAMB 41. Her tear wept in my soul in a quiet night, a ir restless day. ir Myk-PutBV 60. We waves in the night refreshing star caresses. SNėrP, 172. 3) Su Substantives denoting part of the day are often preceded by a transitive. The constructions ir extended by decimal numerals have a clear meaning of the time moment of the action only when the main focus of the construction is the verb of the event agent. On the second day I went out oran. BilR 1 217. On the fourth night, sleep killed everyone. KrēvP 81. On the second night the fisherman sprinkled sand around the tank. CvR, VII 226. On the third ir night, the devil comes again. CvR, VII 337. When the focus is on the verb of the course, the dependent noun ending in transitive, the meaning of the o time period of — the action can only be su highlighted in the context. mė Isolated from the sentence, such constructions indicate the duration of the action. * K. "Lithuanian Language: A Study of the Language of the Lithuanians in Lithuania, Part 2: The Language of the Lithuanians * in Lithuania". t. p. 80. 88 The next morning, the whole water was buzzing full of goldfish. LKŽ VI 572. ir PP 140. Only on the third night did he sit in his office again. MarcBR 24. 4) However, most of the time, the demonstrative indefinite pronouns are used as signs for these constructions. ir Explanatory pronouns are used with various nouns denoting time su concepts. | Work boil the whole bar, ir tą on the same day set up the ir last groves. VienR V 45. The Yankees killed themselves last Friday. Grl. Si in the spring, warming acutely prevailed. CvMS 39. In winter, tą it is very difficult to get rid ir of them. BorBM 67. But once šį the fear for the child opened her lips. BalčHP 185. He almost got his eye out that time. SimonR V 140. In the morning, the crew tą was greeted by a splash of sunshine. Myk-PutR VI 291. I hope that in autumn our šį patient will harvest rye in the most beautiful way! LzPR II 363. It's about ką gi Didn't I ask you last time? MarukŽŠG 20. Iš indefinite pronouns in these constructions are used only adjectives, usually one another. — ar One afternoon, the priest waved to the vicar iš a letter recently delivered by the post. Myk-PutR IV 12. One morning, the mother took all the į young clovers out. ŽemR IV 447. Someday you'll come to ir the eye doctor. Yks. Aš I'll come over to you some night. AvyžĮSK 95. Listen, come over to us some Sunday į Rust. Bird PM 108. Many years after the crow’s spring break, one autumn, before leaving the warmer Pomeranian į countries, the flock landed in a rye field sown for rest. į CvR, VII 75. True, one time I was severely injured Mina. Simon NTP 42. One night we were driven away by the winds of the burning flame. Next day 416. Gerda flipped again po tą a beautiful flower garden in the warm sun. BalčAP 232. One winter terrible Salad. Akm. The next time, three sisters washed a broken one in a stream. BsRP 96. 5) Participle marks are also used with various nouns denoting time concepts. Most of the time, the function of a certificate is performed by coming, passed, past, past. Other participants are used significantly less often. Last night, a man knocked su on my door. į BalčTVN, I 194. suggest coming next Sunday with statements! su GricŽ 354. Listen, Bertašau, next spring you tu will spread the ir tracks, he will be running on them! GricŽ 192. Rhyme su In the autumn of 2002, the po second son was born. VaižgRR II 21. On the agreed day, the fingers arrived. Trish. Next morning we drive to į Šiauliai. Run. Last Saturday, you beat į your chest and promised to pay everything. MarcBR 17. Ir last Sunday you were still agitating at Ichika. Myk-PutR IV 29. Jie (horses) even had to pull logs, the same as I pulled last summer. aš SruogR I saw daily city last time. V 311. O [...] BilR 1 101 6) The final part of nouns sometimes goes ir su several certificates. The function of the markers can be performed by the words of various conjugated parts of the language. Such indicative nouns can only specify the time of the noun in terms of time, but in other ne respects. ir Maybe a few drops of their gifts fell on me on tą January morning. Myk-PutBV ir 8. Late one evening, Vincas Kaniava, no longer calm, turned to his fellow in happiness in disaster. ir VaižgRR 1 371. Po three months the police caught ir the real church thief, who St. On the night of John's indulgence, he tore a tin in the church. VienR II 137. i I wonder what kind of joker of our farm one hot summer day carried the cows iš in the accompanying hay carriage. BilR I 176. One warm evening of early spring I hurried home į (sighs). $ 6. In all the cases discussed above, the indicative in the structure of the ar constructions representing the time moment of action are optional. Structures ir be tų certificates retain the meaning of the action time ar moment period, are full structure. When the dependent element of these constructs of meanings is the suffix of nouns denoting time-view units of an indefinite ar amount of time, it always Used as a su marker, which is a necessary element of the construction structure. Be certificates of this construction would acquire another meaning, the duration of the action. The function of structurally necessary signs is performed by the words of the parts of the language tų themselves, which in the above-mentioned constructions are optional signs. 1) Su Only the last part of the noun month is widely used as a noun marker. In this case, the nouns that denote the names of the months are usually given a mark. In addition, the su number of people who have not been able to complete a ar full-time job in the past few years is very high. su But in September I got sick ir from to time not working. T 1967 85. In February, a new large strike of Vilnius workers began. LI 11 304. In June 2011, the trains were on strike. LI 11 313. No one saw him catching ji toads in May. LKŽ VI 815. Jurgelela learned to ir manage the hour of danger (tsp). 2) In many cases, the adjectives of different meanings are used as structurally necessary signs. I saw a lawyer I knew from the old days at the last minute. iš (sighs). Iš my lips in the dark hour pop out whispering yellows. BaltakPU 171. Reach out your hand to a man in a difficult hour. MilŽP 66. Benius meant to say that Anicet had jį led the assembly of į the workers, but at the last moment he retained himself. AvyžĮSK 104. Several groups of foreign tourists visited Vilnius last week (tsp). 3) This is rarely the case for the creation of a single-value matrix. This type of construction is more commonly found in the noun hodina. su Those constructions, the main focus of which is the verb of the — event agent, have a clear meaning of the time moment of action. At five o'clock, countless crowds flooded the market and the adjacent streets. Myk-PutR ir VI 357. In the second half of the year, Vasaris wrote about ten poems. Myk-PutR III 236. When the focus is on the action — verb, the periorbital meaning of the action time is only evident in context. do Ne in the sentence such a construction has the meaning of action duration. 90 At five o'clock, look, he's back in the high school, working in the ką teacher's room. Bird PM 172. 4) The most commonly used structures are the following. Iš jų usually used demonstrative, much less often indefinite. — Tą day the troop went į behind the enemy about 50 kilometers. T 1967 4. Last week Adam came and peeled everything down to the last penny. GricŽ 83. Tą the moment the coot realized that it was he, the Prophet. Myk-PutR VI 620. At this moment, he wished even more terribly that the jo manor would suddenly change like in a fairy tale. MarcR 1 32. Who knows, o maybe Vesuvius will melt in tą a moment. VienR VII 242. The next week the servant came again and invited the boy to visit his master. jo BalčAP 321. All this is repeated day after day, the same tq hour, the same tq minute, perhaps o even the same tq second. VienR VII 110. Šį The month of August has the shortest days of the year. T 1966 279. Juk He stood on the tq edge of the abyss for a second. DovAA 269. This little hour he hated with all his soul Ruin. Avyž ĮSK At this 23. moment my mother į did not look at me. SimonOBT 84. I'm not working at all next month. Whoa. . 5) The function of structurally necessary certificates ir is performed by the same participants as those ir taking optional certificates. Next week I'm gonna drill this knob. va SajJ 14. I'm getting a vacation next month. GrušK 155. The phones were ringing frequently in the editorial office last week. T 1967 84. Last 24 hours it rained in the republic (tsp). At the appointed time all invited guests were on site. LKŽ VI 1085. II. 1998-1999 Constructions denoting the duration of an action § 1. In constructions denoting the duration of action, the action of verbs takes up the entire time of the noun's ending. The dependency focus of these constructions usually represents the amount of time. This amount of time is usually expressed in two ways: 1) The subject is given to nouns that themselves have the lexical meaning of the amount of time (the names of units of time and of an indefinite amount of time). For those marks, the Saxons will beat you for a month. VienR VII 120. He was in bed for almost a year. CiurlRR 11 171. It all took about a minute. Page 126. Barbela didn't like the praise, she frowned and listened for an hour. LzPK 9. They looked at each other in silence for an hour. Gud-GuzR 1 72. Occasionally, we saw a few wild pheasants on the sand of the road, which, when they saw us from afar, would fall to the ground and, after a moment, would crash into the woods. VienR VII 72. 2) A noun with a quantitative notation is marked with the dependent | accent. In the latter case, the noun itself can mean not only the amount of time, but also some other concepts of time or even processes. ; 'The blind boar, in the barn uZdare, was fed for seven weeks. BorJPK 75. Bobs were waiting for Jakūbas everywhere as their own, as a guest, and long ago it was not a news to stay for a few days wherever you got caught. LzPR 11 359. The whole summer, Coliukė lived alone in a big forest. BalčAP 182. For example, Jokimas mourns all night. 168. On dirty days it stands in the middle of the room (trs). All the way to the town, Ignatas guessed what would happen. God-GuzR I 86. $ 2. The main focus of constructions denoting the duration of an action may be the verb of the action of a course or an event. There is a construction with a staircase. Joseph stood there for an hour as if buried in the ground. LzPR II 17. 91 All week Domantienė was preparing for the ball. GrušK 15. I was sick all winter. MarcBR 217. Two months I went, until I came... Gud-GuzR 1 73. In high school, the two sat on the same bench for several years. Page 136. For a long time only one prisoner worked here. SruogR V 354. However, sometimes the main focus may also be on the verbs of the event participle, denoting an action of a certain duration. I'll catch another half an hour and go home. Page 147. He frowned, thought for an hour and finally agreed. VienR VII 153. I stop at some storehouse and lean back: I want to stand for just one minute. God-GuzR V 126. I only got home alive and lay in bed for three weeks... BilR I 179. All evening the daughter talked to her mother, but she couldn't find the end of the thread. 126. She would stand in the pasture for hours. CvR, VII 111. The verbs of the event participle of such constructions denoting the duration of the action can usually be replaced by the correlatives of the course participle, while maintaining the same meaning of the construction, e.g.: paganysiu half an hour —ganysiu half an hour, hodinelę pomyslał —hodinelę pomyślał. $ 3. The constructions with the ending can indicate both a defined and an indefinite duration of the action. These nuances are determined by the lexical meaning of the noun with the dependent object or the lexical and grammatical characteristics of the construction sign, and in certain cases — by the number of the noun's ending. $ 4. The most intensively used constructions, which mean a defined duration of action. They are formed with a noun ending that goes without a sign or with a sign. A noun that is not preceded by a sign always has the singular final form. The exception is only the plural noun years. In addition to the signs, constructions of this meaning are usually made with nouns denoting units of time. We turned out to have worked in vain for a month because we had to cover the owner's loss. Gud-GuzR V 97. He'll let the pigs out, and then he'll be quiet for half a day, until he's called again. Vj. He heard calves for half a year. 24th. This is how Peter Alešiūnas walked for a week. White VRA 158. Of course, will resist at least another year... VaižgRR I 414. The dirt will last for a week, maybe longer. DovZE 430. What's the matter if he takes half an hour? Page 148. The day began, and Vaurus seemed weaker. VaizgRR 1 374. After an hour of such confessions, Vasaris felt that his attention was starting to fall away. Myk-PutR IV 35. Stay out for a year, get the poor out. LTt I 55. § 5. The most commonly used method is to use a non-deterministic method of determining the time of a given event. The main focus of such constructions is always the verb of the event agent. During the day, the hens were loose and laid the whole garden. Trgn. Kris and the master spend the day with Adam like a big party. CvMS 130. I worked in the fall for meals. Break. He swallowed the night, the sun was already rising, the boy's eyes had not yet closed. Page 66. It has already been mentioned that the dependent noun of constructions denoting the duration of the action emphasizes the amount of time. Since the names of parts of the day, seasons, days of the week and other defined time intervals do not have a clear meaning of the amount of time, the constructions formed with their ending tend to be extended with quantitative indications. Apparently, for this reason, constructions with nouns of these meanings without 92 - notations are not productive in the present literary language. Occasionally, there are cases when the defined duration of the action is also indicated by those constructions, the main focus of which is the verb of the action, and the dependent is the noun of the mentioned meanings without the quantitative notation. However, such a meaning can be acquired only in context. You lie down a day, another, a week, and still nothing works. 108. I hunted the summer, I hunted the second. MašAMB 53. The daughters waited a day, a week, a month, and the mothers are nowhere to be found. CvR, VII 161. $ 6. Most of the time, the noun ending goes with signs, the function of which can be performed by quantitative and quantitative numerals, the indefinite generalizing pronoun whole and adjectives apskritas, vientisas, kiauras. In some cases, these certificates are necessary elements of the construction structure, in others - optional. Quantitative numerals, regardless of the verb and the noun meaning, are always structurally necessary, because without these numerals the constructions would mean an indefinite duration of action. Numerals, the indefinite generalizing pronoun whole and the adjectives round, whole, hole are structurally necessary when the constructive verb is a course verb, and the noun denotes parts of the day, days of the week, seasons, other defined periods of time or processes. When the main focus of the construction is the verb of the event agent, the latter signs are optional. They are also optional when the constructive noun means units of time. In this case, the constructive verb can be not only an event, but also a course factor. First, we will review the structures with structurally necessary markings. $ 7. Very intensively used constructions, the structure of which includes quantitative numerals. A noun, when accompanied by a quantitative noun, usually takes the plural ending form. The single-digit form is used only with the numerals one. I couldn't write, I couldn't crossword for two weeks. The truck. For three hours Cordus waited for his daughter to come in. MarcR 1 46. Oh my God, three more years to dry up and ripen at the books?! 125 years old. For three days, cakes are baked. SimonR V 15. The boy spent three nights under a high bridge. Page 66. It was not for nothing that I counted nine stars for nine nights, asking who would be mine. BorBM 46. After Magdutė was taken away, Adomienė wept for four more springs in a row, releasing her children “into the world” one after the other. 79. I worked there for four summers. Ramsh. There he taught the course of general physics (TSP) for two semesters. If a man lived two centuries, three centuries, ten centuries, he would have to devote them all to destroying such a life and building a new one! GricŽ 307—308. You won't die if you don't sleep one night. Grl. 93 are formed by su the verbs of movement. The subject is usually used in nouns denoting units of time of an indefinite amount of time, as well as day time. ir ir There is a year-round ir su seasonal variation in the population. | Nouns denoting units of time view for an ir indefinite amount of time are used alone in constructions of this meaning, ir ir su certificates. Other nouns are used only as structurally necessary indications. Pažyminių su funkciją paprastai atlieka kiekiniai skaitvardžiai neapibrėžiamieji įvardžiai keli, keletas, keleri, keliolika, vienas kitas, visas, ir kuris. $ 3. The duration of the result of the action, ir as the duration of the action, can be 1) defined ir 2) indefinitely. The uncertainty of the duration is ar determined by the lexical grammatical properties of the dependent object. ir į 1) When the subject goes through the subject nouns denoting units of time alone ar su in quantitative numerals, constructions mean a defined duration of the result of the action. The same is true for all the constructive signs, which su are optional in the case of nouns denoting units of time, but are necessary in other cases. o John asked me ir to stay at least half an hour. į JabIRR I 619. The scandal is perceived ir by the seniors and the whole class is locked in the dust for three hours. Vaižg RR II 445. For three days, we must disappear. DovAA 293. Are you ar out all day? Apple. All afternoon Tepha stayed at her sister's grave. VienR VII 204. Ir he left home all summer. iš JablRR 1 619. Po week the patient stood up for the first time for a full hour. BalčAP 284. I'm driving į home for a week. Lie. 2) When nouns denoting an indefinite amount of time pass through the subject, the constructions denote the indefinite duration of the result of the action. Tomuk was upset and embarrassed for a moment, but immediately pulled himself together and asked to see for himself, does not differ from the back of the coat r folds. ar VienR 11 164. The daughter, having stood at the threshold for an hour, suddenly rushed to her mother, as if she had been pushed hard. Gud-GuzR I 53. Well, wait a minute. PSL | Sometimes there are cases when nouns denoting an indefinite amount of time go ir su certificates which are optional in design. Brazgo's face turned blue, but only for one moment. Myk-PutR III 318. I fell asleep for a short hour. Kp. Su the indefinite duration of the action result constructs formed by other nouns always have a structurally necessary sign, the function of which is performed by the above-mentioned indefinite pronouns. Ir Let's stop here for a few minutes. JablRR I 620. I'll leave my eldest son here for aš at least a few days. ŽiugždLKG II 33. For some time the blacksmith disappears, not seen during jo lunch or dinner. CvMS 263. § 4. However, in the current literary language, constructions denoting the duration of the mo action-result are formed su with the suffix rather rarely. Instead, the jų constructions user'®, which are synonymous su with the constructions end user, take effect. su Plg. : 13 Plg, J. Kruopas, Time circumstance expression in Lithuanian language,,- 1953, ,Soviet school“, No. 7, p. 23; B. Kalinauskas, Kai kurios linksnių vartojimo tendencijos dabartinėje lietuvių kalboje, „Tarybinė mokykla“, Nr. 1955, 5, p. 19; English Grammar, t. I, p. 199. 100 Men go out to the meadows for a week. KatkR 33. And I went home for four weeks. SimonNTP 154. Put [daughters] in prison for two years... GricZ 429. He left the office for a week. LzPR VII 338. For an hour, I forgot my fear. 341 pp. 2nd ed. Once the baron went away for a few days. BsRP 144. He was arrested by the Germans for several hours. BitKMD 275. IV, Constructions denoting the frequency of action § 1. The constructions denoting the frequency of the action in the present literary language are made with the verbs of the course and event. There is a construction with a staircase. There are no structural differences between the constructions with the action of the course and the constructions with the verbs of the action of the event. The dependent element of the constructs of the meaning in question is always the noun suffix with the structurally necessary mark. There are two types of constructions of this meaning: 1) with the indefinite generalizing pronoun who and 2) with the indefinite generalizing pronoun every or with adjectives frequent, rare. J. Jablonskis did not speak separately about the final part used in constructions of this significance. He gave examples of its use when speaking about the ends of time and “long long and braukds train!”*. The noun suffix used in this way is now commonly called the frequency suffix'®, 1) The noun suffix with the indefinite generalizing pronoun what, meaning "everybody- ", is the dependent element of the first type of constructions. The pronoun what in this case is unconjugated!® and always has the nominative form?"". The nouns of this type of construction usually denote units of time, an indefinite amount of time, parts of a day, days of the week and seasons. Very rarely there are constructions with other nouns denoting concepts of time or processes. The doctor did not visit the “Intelligent” ward every day, because he himself lived right there and could see his chosen patients every hour. VienR II 138. Everything changes every minute, every moment. T 1967 85. Bring Gena's stuff and pay fifty rubles a month, then we'll raise the child. T 1968 67. Every week my wool was cut, my beard completely cut. CvR, VII 295. Every hour, the dream is reborn by the memories of young days. GirR, 1 48. I would like to reveal one secret to the saddened Minia when no one will hear: the length of her second shore every day. MairRR I 74. Then I walked every day: still unripe and unripe. 2nd ed. pp. 413. I know one song—I sing it every day, every evening, every morning, the same one and the other. GirR, 183. I waited every night, scratching, scratching, scratching. SimonNTP 85. The old man's stubbornness every morning Fishing makes my mother angry. CvMS 73. At first, grandmother with marcia and son ate at Žr. 14 J. Jablonskis, Selected Writings, t. I, p. 618—619. iš See. K. Ulvydas, On the Adverbation of the Singular Final in the Present Lithuanian Language, „Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai“, II, Vilnius, 2002, p. t. p. 81; English Grammar, t. I, p. 199. 16 A Schleicher, Lithuanian Grammar, p. 264; F. Course chat, grammar of Lithuanian Language p. 381. . 17 The Lithuanian language t. I, p. 703. 101 3 grammar, one table, a word of farming affairs and every Sunday went eight kilometers to church. MarcBR'99. It was almost every spring that we had to move the mantas into the wagons. 415 pp.. Working like this every lesson we achieved good results (tsp). i The decisive hour can strike every minute. BinkGR 77. They were only allowed to withdraw 15 marks from their current accounts every month as an exception. SruogR V 352. Every week he would cry out five to ten litas. MarcBR 17. Every evening, on her way home, Jungienė would get a liter of milk. LzPR VII 372. Every day, new machines and machines are put into operation. LKZ VII 280. After some time, the sewing started to take a long time every morning. ZemR IV 204. Every autumn, after the sheep were sheared, fur workers came to our village. GricŽ 384. Every season thousands of people visit it (Trakai Castle). The pronoun kas and the noun ending compound that is the dependent subject of this type of construction tends to become adverbial, but it is not completely adverbialized, because it can still have pazyminiy'®. It is often used to indicate the absence of a number, a number of numbers, a number of numbers, a number of numbers, or a number of numbers. In general, constructions extended by certificates are rare. Every other day he allowed me to walk in the yard. SruogR V 38. We starved almost every second or third month for a few days... Gud-GuzR V 195. Every few months he travels with wool to Liepaja. Mžk. You'll have trouble all your life, every sweet day you'll shed tears. LKZ 1 631. Every night a young lover visits a silent candle. The 365. Each performance will reach the viewer only every other month. T 1967 141. The pulse frequency changes every dozen seconds. Occasionally there are constructions of the first type, in the structure of which a quantitative numeral is included. The head of state changed every four months. PalM 57. On leaving, the doctor told me to take the prescribed medication, two tablets tonight and tomorrow morning, and to measure my temperature every three hours. Page 194. 2) The dependent element of the second structural type of constructions are nouns with adverbs: with the indefinite generalizing pronoun every or with adjectives frequent, rare. This type of construction uses nouns of the same meaning as in the first type of construction. The most productive are constructions with the indefinite general pronoun every. They represent the frequency of regular action. Regina waited every second for the sound of footsteps and knocking on the door. LKŽ VI 22. But your fathers feared every hour for their skin, or even for their lives. BilR 1 107. He shaves with a razor every morning and rubs himself with rose water. 429 pp.. Every day he hoped to meet Murza here. 106. Every spring, sleighs of broad-field farmers come to our village to buy shepherds. BaltPV I 21. Lucie was spoiling everyone's day every holiday. Myk-PutR III 219. '8 Plg, K. Ulvydas, On the Adverbation of the Singular Final in the Present Lithuanian Language, „Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai“, II, Vilnius, 2000, p. t. p. 81. 102 It can fall every hour. Up. His son seemed — to him to jį be robbing every moment (sighs). Each morning, the two women came, carrying bread ir crust in their handcuffs, to work the land. BaltRn 5. Mother gives tens of cents every Sunday. po AvyžĮSK can, where there was 45. O į tą Baltaragio mill, now only a pile o of stones, every spring thunder strikes. BorBM Today mother Queen 259. several times went through the big kitchen every time noticed that ir Greta's getting ready for something. SimonR V 187. Occasionally, these structures are extended ir by other markings. However, they are optional, they do not change the meaning of the construction. Every Saturday evening, dressed up, Ona goes out for a night out. į BaltPV I 40. Konstrukcijos, kurių priklausomuoju dėmeniu eina daiktavardžiai būdvardžiais su dažnas, retas, dabartinėje literatūrinėje kalboje vartojamos retai. These constructions mean the frequency of irregular action. He often only comes back at midnight. Grl. He had been able to go out of the yard on a rare day since mid-summer. i GricZ 14. These girls rarely bring a bride in autumn! Gud-GuzR V 21, Conclusions I. In modern Lithuanian literary language, time constructions with a suffix su mean: time moment of 1) action period, duration of action, speed ar of action 2) result frequency of 3) action. ir 4) 2. The differences in su the meaning of the tense constructions are determined 1) by: the substantive of the verb, the lexical meaning of the noun, the 2) grammatical and lexical characteristics of the noun ending. 3) su ir 4) the number of the noun. 3. The structures that represent the moment of the action differ from the structures that represent the period of time of the action by the verbs. The moment of time of action is indicated by the construction of event-time verbs, the period of time of action su dą — the verbs of the su construction course. In other respects, the tų constructions of close values do not differ. The main focus of constructions denoting the duration of an action is usually the verbs of the course, less often the verbs of the event, denoting — an action of a certain duration. The main focus of constructions denoting the duration of the result of the action is usually the verb of movement of the event agent, rather rarely the course agent. — Constructions representing the frequency of action consist of ir su progress, ir su verbs of the event verb. 4. The subject of time constructions is usually parts of the day, days of the week, seasons, units of time, undefined amount of time, and less often some other nouns denoting time concepts alone or with apostrophes. Nouns denoting processes are always used — with a pointer. su su 5. The certificates are optional ir and structurally necessary. Jų The function is performed by nouns, adjectives and participants, usually having a lexical temporal meaning, as well as numerals demonstrative and indefinite pronouns. ir 103 In constructions denoting the duration of an action or its result, the quantitative numerals and the indefinite indefinite pronouns keli, keletas, keleri, keliolika, vienas kitas, kelintas, keliolika, which are always structurally necessary. X In constructions denoting the frequency of an action, the dependent démen always follows the noun ending with structurally necessary notations: indefinite generalizing pronouns who, every or adjectives frequent, rare. In all other cases, the structural necessity or optionality of the signs is determined by the verb's verb or the noun's lexical meaning. 6. In constructions denoting the moment or period of time of action, the noun always has the singular ending form. Constructions with the plural ending of nouns, except constructions with quantitative numerals and the plural noun years, used in the sense of “one year”, always indicate an indefinite duration of the action. In other cases, the number of the noun does not determine the meaning of the construction. In contemporary literary language, constructions denoting the moment or period of time of the action and the duration of the action prevail. Rarely used constructions denoting the frequency of action. The ability to react to the effects of the action is rarely observed. They are replaced by synonymous constructions with the utilitarian. BPEMEHHbIE KOHCTPYKUMU C BHHHTEJIbHbIM MAJIE)XOM B COBPEMEHHOM JIHTOBCKOM JIMTEPATYPHOM S$I3bIKE A. PYXE Peswome || B crarbe oc BemaeTcsi CTpyKTYpa H 3HaueHHS BpeMeHHbIX KOHCTPYKIHH C BHHUTEJbHBIM NAJIEXOM UMEH CVINECTBHTEJIbHbIX B COBPEMEHHOM JIHTOBCKOM JIHTEparypHoM si3blKe. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do it. B coBpeMeHHOM JIMTOBCKOM JIHTepaTypHOM S513bIKE BpEMEHHbIe KOHCTPYKIHH C BHHHTEJIbHbIM NajeXKOM BbIpaXKaior: |) MoMeHT coBeplleHHs JIEHCTBHS HJIH TIepHOJ BpeMeHH, B KOTOPOM NPOHCXOJUT JeHCTBHe, 2) NpoJlOJPKHTEJIbHOCTb JeHCTBHA, 3) NPOJAOJIKHTEIBHOCTD pe3yjJibTaTa JeHcTBHS H 4) YacToTy AefCTBHS. Pas jinuHele 3HaueHHS BpeMeHHbIX KOHCTDYKIUHH C BHHHTEJIbHBIM 11a JIEK0OM OflpeJIEJISIOTCA CJIEJVIOLIHMH OCHOBHbIMH (akTopamu: 1) BHJOM rjarosa, 2) JIeKCHYECKHM 3HAYEHHEM MMEHH CYIIEeCTBHTEJILHOTO, 3) JIeKCHUEeCKOH H TpaMMATHUeCKOH OCOGEHHOCTEIO OTNpejĮeJIEHHS, BXOJŲSIIETO B COCTaB KOHCTPYKLMH, H 4) uKHCJIOM HMEHH CYNDIECTBHTEJIbHOTO. ; KoHceTrkukuHH, BbpaXKaiole MOMEHT COBepiueHHSi AeHCTBHS, OTJMYAIOTCS OT KOHCTPYKIHil, BbIpaXKAIONIHX HNepHOjį BpeMeHH, B KOTOPOM MPOHCXOAMT JefiCTBYE, TOJIbKO BHAOM TJIaroJia; KOHCTPYKIMH € TrJIATOJIAMH COBEpLUEHHOTO BH/la BbipaXAIOT MOMEHT COBeplleHHsl JeHCTBHS, a KOHCTPYKIHH C TJIATrOJIAaMH HeCcoBepLIeHHOTO BHJ@ —NepHOJį BpeMEHH, B KOTOPOM MPOHCXOAHT JeHCTBHE. 104 OCHOBHBIM KOMIIOHEHTOM KOHCTpYKIHĖ, BHIPaXKAIOMMX MpOJI0J2KHTEJIbHOCTb JelicTBUSI, OOBIMHO SIBJISIIOTCS TJIATOJIbI HecoBeplleHHOTo BHAA. 0603HauaioT IMpOJIOJDKHTEeJIbHOe JeHCTBHE. OCHOBHBIM KOMIOHEHTOM KOHCTPYKIMi, BbIDaXKAIOLIHX IPOJIOJIKHTEBHOCTD pesyabTaTta JefCTBHsi, OOBMHO SIBJAIOTCS TJIAroJIbi cosepiienHoro Buia. I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry. I'1arosibl HeCOBEpIIEHHOTO BH/Įa B TaKHX CJyuasix 0603HA4aloT JBHIKEHHe. I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry. 3aBHCHMBIM KOMIOHEHTOM BpeMeHHBIX KOHCTDYINGHÄ MOTYT ObITh HMeHA CYIeCTBH TE JIbHbIE, OČO3HaualIONNIHe YaCTH CYTKH, JHH He/leJIH, BpeMeHa rojia, e IMHHIIb! BpeMeHH H JpYyTHe BpeMeHHbie NOHATHS, C ONIpejieJieHHAMH HJIH Ges Hux. I'm not sure if I'm right. I'm not sure if I'm right. OYVHKUKIO ONpeJIEJIEHHŪ BbINMNOJIHAIOT HMEHa CYIleCTBHTE- /IbHbIe, HMeHa NpH. TaratesibHble H IIpHUAaCTHSA, Yallle BCETo C JIeKCHYeCKHM 3HaueHHeM BpeMeHH, a TaK/Ke HMeHa UKCJIHTEJIbHbICe, YKa3aTeJIbHbIe H HeOTNpejleJieHHbIe MeCTOHMeHHS1. KojiumecrBenHbie: YHCJHTEJbHble MW HeonpejleJieHHbIe MecTOHMeHHS keli, keleri, keletas, keliolika „neckonbko“, vienas kitas „opun nApyrok“, kelintas, keliolika „KOTOpbiė“, kuris,HEKOTOpBIi“, BXOJSIIHE B COCTaB KOHCTPYKLHH, BbipaXKAONIKHX NpOJOJKHTEJIbHOCTb JeHCTBHS HJM HNpOJOJDKHTEJIbHOCTb pesyjJibTaTA JeKCTBHSA, SBJISAIOTCSA CTPYKTYPHO 0653aTe/IbHBIMH. B posi 3aBHCHMOTO KOMNOHeHTa COHCTDIFFERENCE, BbipaxaloluuHX 4acToTy JlelicTBHA, BCerja BbiCTYyIIaeT BHHHTeJIbHbIH Nae HMEH CYIIeCTBHTEJIbHBIX C 00si3aTeJIbHbIM ONpejieJieHHeM: HeONpejlejieHHbIMH MecTouMeHusmMu who, everyone "KaXKJĮbIė" HJIHK HMeHAMH NNpHJIATATeEJIbHbIMH common ‘uacTbih “, rare ‘pe1Kuū’. Bo Bcex ApYrux cJiyuyasix BO3MOXHOCTb INpHMeHeHHS ONpe/lesIeHH il 3aBHCHT OT BHJIA TJIATOJIA HJIH JIEKCHUeCKOTO 3HaUeHHA HMEHH CYIIEeCTBHTEJIbHOTO. B KOHCTpYKIHSX, BbIDaxKAIONIHX MOMEHT COBEpIIEHHSI JEK>HCTBHS HJIH NepHO/in BpeMeHH, B KOTOPOM MNpoHCXOJIMT ĮlelicTBHe, BCerjla YINnNOTpeOJISIe TCS! BHHHTeJIbHbIN najex eAMHCTBEHHOTO UKHCJIA HMEH CYUIeCTBHTEJBHBIX. KoHcTrpykuHH C BHHHTeJIbHbIM Na/le’KOM MHOXKECTBEHHOTO YHCJIa, 3a HCKJIIOUEHHEM KOHCTPYKIHi C HMEHEM CYIIeCTBHTe IbHBIM meiai,,0 MH TOA" H KOHCTPYKMii, B COCTaB KOTOPHIX BXOJMT CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE UKCJIHTEJIbHOe, Beerja o0o3HaYaloT HEONDpejJIeJIEHHYIO MNpOJIOJDKHTEJIbHOCTb JEHCTBHS. B apyrux cayuasix UKHCJIO HMEHH COLLECTIVE He BJIMSIET Ha 3HaueHHe KOHCTP YKIHH. B coBpeMeHHOM JIMTOBCKOM JIHTEPATYPHOM Si3bIKe CHANGE XOJKHMH SABJISIIOTCS KOHCTPYKIMH, Bblpa)kaloline IpOJIOJIXHTEJIbHOCTb AEHCTBHSI H MOMEHT COBeplieHHS IeliCTBHS WJM TIEPHOJ BpeMeHH, B KOTOPOM NpOHCXoAuT AeiicTBHe. ['opasio pexe BCTPEYaloTCsi KOHCTPYKIMH, BhIpaXKalollHe YacToTy AeHCTBHS. KoHcTpykuKHH C I'm not afraid. I'm not afraid. MX BLITECHSIOT CHHOHHMHUeCKHe KOHCTPYKIMH C JaTesibHbIM [13JIeKOM.