Dvižodžiai sudėtiniai terminai dabartinėje lietuvių kalboje

LastshĖ2 Till bv nl ly T Eu King M IIA NT OL LAZO AG ISA: LGTrAETU -V540) S T'S-R MO KES" 1] THE ACADEMY K. GAIVENIS BIZODS CREAM DEADLINES DABARTINEJE IN LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES IVADINES REMARKS § 1. In the last decade, the term has become a little deeper. Describing its definition, many lexicologists now note that terms should be considered not only individual words, butalso their compounds. Often it is also specified: “lexicalized word combinations”, “substantial lexicalized word combinations” and so on. Several important articles and their collections have appeared, in which the terms are described in a slightly new way and their place in the lexical system of the language is reviewed!. With the expansion and deepening of the content of the term, the relationship of terminology with phraseology and everyday vocabulary has also begun to be studied more intensively and in detail. It is also interested in the presentation of terms in general and special dictionaries. Thus, the terminology of individual fields of science becomes the subject of increasingly extensive research, Composite terms are specifically dealt with only one other article?, Russian compound terms were mainly interested in the late D. Lotte, after whose death at least three books on the subject were published?. Until now, few people have been interested in the composite terms of our language, although in the dictionaries of various scientific fields they make up the largest part of all terms. The aim of this article is to examine the types of two-word compound terms (grammatical configurations) and their use in contemporary Lithuanian language, taking into account the practice of terminology in various fields. Examples for this article were collected from dictionaries of terms, bulletins and original scientific works in various fields published in our republic in the post-war years. JI. A. Kananajse, O nousiTusix mepmur u mepmurorozus, —Pa3BuTue JEKCHKH coBpeMeHHOTro pycckoro ssbika, M., A. A. 1965; Pepopmatckuii, TepMuH How are you? JeKCH4eCKOil cHCTeMBl s3biKa,— IlpoGjeMbi cTpyKTypHOH JiaHTBHeCTHKH 1967, M., 1968; B. H. TonoBHH, HEKOTOpHIX O IIpoOj1eMaX H3yueHHs TepMHHOB- — ,,BecTHuK MOCKOBCKOro yHHBEpCHTera“, ®uaoaorus, Ne 5, M., 1972; G. Akhmanova ir et al., Terminology: theory and method, M., collections of articles: 1974; JIuHrBuCTHUECKHE TPOGJEMbl HayUYHO-TEXHHYECKOH TEPMHHOIOrun, M., Bonpocsi 1970; pycckoii Tepsunojioraa, M., and 1971; Tepmutnoaorus u somma, M., 1972 ir kt 2 See. B. M. Ouapenko, TepMHHOJOTHYECKAs €1/IBHOCTb MHOTOKOMMOHEH THBIX TEDMH - HOJIOTHUECKHX COueTaHHI B COBPEMEHHOM AHTJIHKHCKOM si3bike,,BecTH- — uk "XapbKOBCKOro yHúBepcnuTeTa", Bbin. 2, Xapsros, 1965; H. A. Backaros, CrpykrypHbie THIbi TEDMHHOB B YouPELKOM si3biKe H HX JiekCcHKOTrpaduueckKoe: odopmienue, — "Jlekcnkorpaduueckuit c6opHnK", Bein. 6, M., 1963; K. C. MapkapoBa, OcHOBHbIE THIbI JABYXKOMIIOHEHTHBIX HMEHHBIX TepMHHOB,,,Yu- — ensie 3anucku Asep6aiikanckoro nex. Hun-Ta", Bary, JI. 1966; O. Kuposa, ¥croiiUHBbIe CJ10BOCOUYETAHUSA IpHJaaraTejibHoro H PHOTOGRAPHY PROJECT B Tep MHHO/IOTHUECKONH OVHKIŪKK- — ,,,Yuénue 3arincn IlkeriporierpoBekoro ynnBepenTera“, T. 70, Bern. 17, uenponerposek, 1960 ir kt š Zr. HIM. C. Jlorre, OcioBki rnocrpoekus HayuKHo-TexHHueckKolt TepMHHOjioruH, M., 1961; to paties, O6pasoBaune H NPaBOMHCAHHE TpeX3JIeMeHTHbIX HayuHO-TeXHH4UeCKHX TEPMHHOB, M., 1969; to same, Kparkne dopMkI HayuHO-TeXHHUECKHX TEPMHHOB, M., 1971. 57 1000 kg. In addition to Lithuanian terms, the equivalents in Russian, German and English are given in the sources used. The spelling and the order of these equivalents are kept the same as in the works from which they are taken, except that if the source provides at least a few synonyms, then only those are used which are given in the first place or which best explain the corresponding Lithuanian term. Various abbreviations (e.g., terminology references) in the source cited for Russian, German and English equivalents, except for abbreviations of German terms in grammatical genus, are omitted. The abbreviations of the sources are given after the examples, indicating the volumes of the works in Roman numerals and the pages in Arabic. The additional Arabic digits in brackets indicate the number of the continuing publication or periodical. $ 2. The combination of nominative, possessive and conjugated words that form constant lexical units are mainly used in scientific language. They do not only refer to the specific concepts of a given field of science, but can also be used as the names of various other composite concepts. The term is also used in the English language in the following contexts: : K. Širvydo,,Dictionarium trium linguarum“ (1642 edition) —kanapine paukptele (konopka ptak) dzwoniec. Linaria (118, 34 a); guilty regardoiu (Tokar [kie dioto] Tornus (444, 14 b); kautalis žaišlinis, bruzgulis (kul do grania) Galus, taxillus (144, 30 b), akmuo lietažiatraukis, Magnet, Magnes, Siderites (161, 16 b), P. Ruigio,,Litauisch —deutsches und Deutsch —litauisches Lexicon“ (1747) —Bangos juwis, ein Wallfisch (12), Gurgjdjei laukinnei, die Angelica (45), Dentis krumminis, der Molar teeth (22), Gimmines Row, eine Birth line (39), L. "Dictionary of Polish-Lithuanian Languages". — Macierzanka, -i Cziobras common gelée: (Thymus serpyllum); Bawelnica, -cy f. Bowel tissue; Miedziak, -a. m. War money; Likwor, -u m. Arielka pritmonamiktijé (udgomis or wajsejs); Masluk, -a m. Fatty goat, will (Boletus luteus) ir kt. There is not nė one large printed manuscript ar dictionary of Lithuanian language that does not contain this type of word combinations – compound terms. In the first printed Lithuanian dictionaries* we also find compound terms made up of two or even iš three ir elements. However, the concept of "composite term" formed even for several centuries long had no name. The adjective composite has been used in Lithuanian terminology for more than ir centuries to describe non-uniform concepts. du For example, it is found already P. Ruigium (1747), D. Sutkevičiaus (1848) ir in others XVIII — 19th a. century Lithuanian dictionary. S. Daukantas "In the (1837) sense..." pronouns has also divided į ,,iwardés isztisoses ir sudietinės“. A number of plant morphology terms with this su adjective have been proposed K. Grinius’, e.g.: composite sheets — folia composita, CA0O0knole nAucmoa; composite broom — panicula composita, CA09KHAA + See P. Matulionis, Žolynas, II dalis, Lithuanian plant dictionary ir plant taislas, Vilnius, 1906; Z. Žemaitis, Geometrijos ir trigonometrijos terminų rinkinylis, Kaunas, Šikšnys, 1920; M. Aritmetikos algebras terminų ir žodynas, Kaunas, 1919; A. Maciejauskis, Techniko žodynėlis, Kaunas, Military 1920; Lithuanian Russian — Russian ir Lithuanian — Dictionary, Kaunas, 1919; J. Elisonas, Dictionary of Zoological Systematics Terms, Kaunas, 1920 ir kt 5 Zr. K. Grinius, On Lithuanian Terminology of Botany Organography, „Lietuvių — tauta“, III, Vilnius, 1914, p. 431. 58 Meméaka; composite fruit, — fructus compositus, choxcHotie: nacd; compound words stamina — composita, compound roots radices — compositae etc. ir Russian adjectives cAno09xcHoMė cocmaewoii ir proposed to translate into Lithuanian equivalent Z. "Geometry in ir the Trigonometry Termbook (K., 1920) ir A. In the booklet,,Ivardai, or terms, adopted at Vireliūno initiative, Terminology Commissions" (K., The 1924). term compound sentence was used K. Jaunius ir J. "Jablonski in his grammar". Thus, the adjective sudėtinis in Lithuanian terminology was used by many as a generic term for various fields (attributive) element for describing heterogeneous concepts, although for naming the terms themselves for a long time no one was adapted. Compound terms, as a separate type of terms, were first distinguished by our famous linguist ir no J. Jablonski, 1913 m. reviewing K. Jauniaus "Grammar of the Lithuanian Language". Peikdam K. In the young verb time names, he wrote: "Compound terms: the first future or first past tense is not suitable for our language..."". Thus, we see that the terms composed of several words iš J. Jablonski called it complex terms. This name, probably, was used spontaneously later than the very ir J. Neither Jablonski nor other linguists used jo it. 1914 m. K. Grinius, writing about plant morphology in Lithuanian terms, used the name of multiple names. Later, some of the ir bourgeoisie took some interest in the theoretical and practical questions of terminology. Lithuanian linguists were philosophers, ir but they did not examine the composite terms more extensively. In the post-war years, with the expansion of research in all fields of Lithuanian linguistics, word combinations were examined in several aspects. Changed the ir names of some grammatical word combinations. For example, in the school J. Žiugždai “In Lithuanian grammar”, following J. In addition to the standardized forms of the verbs, there are also a number of dialectal forms of the ir verbs, which are referred to as adjectives or adverbs. iš ar In the academy In the Lithuanian grammar these terms have already been abandoned. The same ir combinations of words, forming one lexical unit, are called contemporary- ®. This work notes that enriched contemporary numerals form a ir structural type of composite numerals?. Prof. J. Budzinskis notes that the terms of the present tense of ir pronouns are not yet used in school, and, speaking about the teaching of adverbs, he writes: “Until this term is used in the eight-year school, we could call the adverbs written with a few unadult words compound unabbreviated or simply compound adverbs®. So, the adjective is compound (plg. composed sentence), introduced half a century ago See. ¢ K. Jaunius, Lithuanian language grammar, Peterburgas, 1911, p. 12; Rygiškių Jono Syntax of Lithuanian 1911, language, Seinai, Dp. 252'ir tt * See. J. Jablonskis, Selected Writings (composed of J. Palionis), 2, Vilnius, Lithuania 1959, p. 134. 8 See. Grammar of the Lithuanian language (man. red. K. Ulvydas), I, Vilnius, Lithuania 1965, p. 636, 719. Conjunctive pronouns have ir separated conjunctive particles even earlier A. Valeckienė (see section 4.4). English pronouns meanings, ir jų — , Issues of Lithuanian Linguistics“, VI, Vilnius, 1963, p. 3ltt. )ir V. L abutyl (see section 4.4). Lithuanian language morphological — structure and its development, Vilnius, ir 2005, 100 p. 1964, p. 128 tt. ). ' * Idem, p. 636. 10 See. J. Budzinskis, Repeating the Spelling of Adverbs, — "Soviet School", No. 1967, 11, p. 28. 59 as an element of syntax terms, in the Soviet years gradually begins to establish itself in morphology, lexical ir terminology. ir Since compound terms are a combination of words of a slightly different nature than the mentioned contemporary pronouns, numerals are adverbs, since the name of compound terms has ir already been ir used in recent years in the introductions to dictionaries**, in scientific periodicals in ne newspapers! ?, it is best suited to name terms made up of two or more words, forming coordinable, ir controlled, mergeable word ir combinations. iš ar ar $ 3. The terminology of designates is often related ir su jų changes in the form of names: ne only in Lithuanian, but in ir other languages scientific terms are more often word ne combinations, but they are used in parallel with the corresponding compound names, e.g.: Lithuanian sausas krūmas sauskrūmis ir (plg. lot. Sarothamnus scoparius) Fit gray 209, soil gray soil ir (plg. rusu ceposém) GeolZ 132, warm house ir greenhouse BotŽ 436 ir Mr. German Industrial ir production industrial production, company trade union management ir Gewerkschaftsleitung", in English black bird and blackbird®®. In one other case, compound terms are given preference over aggregate terms. This is most often the case when other species oppositions are referred to in composite terms. In addition, the newly distinguished species concepts are more often attempted to be named in compound terms than in single words. Terminology and determinology of compound terms, their transformation into monosyllabic equivalents, and other questions of the content and form development of this type of terms will not be discussed in detail in this article, as this already goes beyond the synchronous analysis of compound terms that we have chosen. 1. GRAMMAR OF TWO-WORD COMPOSITED TERMS CONFIGURATIONS Two-word compound terms—one small group of word combinations used in scientific language. They differ from other word combinations especially in that they can perform the communicative function completely independently. The grammatical center of these terms is the main focus. It is always followed by a concrete or abstract noun. Terminologically synsemantic combinations of words, the main focus of which is the communicative, participant, adjective and other parts of the language and the grammatical forms derived from them, are not considered compound terms, because they cannot perform 11 See. Dictionary of Legal Terms (compiled by A. Žiurlys), V., 1954, p. 4; Russian Lithuanian Dictionary of Economic Terms (edited by K. Meškauskas), Vilnius, 1966, p. 7; Lithuanian Dictionary of Botanical Terms (edited by J. Dagys), Vilnius, 1965, p. Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language, (second edition), Vilnius, I 1968, p. 12; Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian, ed., Vilnius, II 1972, p. XII. 12 See. Z. Jonikaitė, Phraseology „In the Dictionary of — Lithuanian Language“, Lithuanian Linguistics Issues, IV, Vilnius, 1961, p. 266 tt. ; E. Vanagienė, On the Use of Educational Terms, — Soviet Teacher, 1965.XII.23; Ch. Lemchenas, A few questions of terminolog- — y, „Language 1, Culture“, Vilnius, 1961 ir kt 18 See. A. K. JleskoBcerkas, HMennoe CJ10BO000pa30BaHHe B COBPEMEHHOI HeMelKoi OOIECTBeHHO-TIO/IHTHUEeCKOH TepMHHOjIoTHH, M., 1961, p. 41. “4 See. T. Grzebieniowski, Stowarzyszenie i slowotwórstwo angielskie, Warsaw, p. 164. 1962, 60 one of the most important functions of the term, the nominative or nominative. The main focus of the two-word compound terms is distinguished not by semantic but by grammatical aspect. It is the main word, which is connected to the other (side) element of the word combination by a grammatical connection of coordination, control or fusion. Therefore, it can be said that the main focus of compound terms does not always coincide with their semantic dominant, i.e. the démen that has the greatest meaning load in the word combination. This is particularly true in cases where the subjects of the sentences are the same persons. For example, particle scattering (see Russian pacceanue uacmuų, German Teilchenstreuten m, English particles scattering) TechT (5)5, color purity (cf. rusy wucmo ma ysema, german Farbdichte f) TechT (12)11 and so on, the first (significant) element of the compound terms is semantically more important, more substantive than the second (significant) element, called the main. $ 5. The two-word, or two-component, composite terms are divided into 3 groups according to the syntactic relationships of the main and secondary elements: 1) combining sign; 2) a management certificate and 3) a casting certificate. Compound terms of the first group are characterized by the following grammatical configurations!®: 1. Adjective (or simple) qualitative adjective (adjective) + noun (adjective). For example: : Didysis || margasis || šakotasis || šiurkštusis asiūklis (plg. lot. Eguisetum maximum || variegatum || ramosissimum || hiemale Flor 1 56, 57, fast || slow neutrons (see Russian Goicmpoie || medrenHole Heidimponoi, German. rasche || langsame Neutronen n, English fast || slow neutrons) TechT (5)6, 7, brown umbrella (see German. lot. Libellula fulva) Vad vab 43, blue || greenish || red sludge (see Russian 201y02i || 3enėkotii || Kpackbiū ua) GeolZ 54, graceful beauty (see Latin Libellula fulva) Libellula fulva) Vad vab 43, blue || greenish || red sludge (see Russian 201y02i || 3enėkotii || Kpackbiū ua) GeolZ 54, graceful beauty (see Latin Libellula fulva) Calopteryx virgo L.) Vad vab 39, flammable gas (see Russian eoprouuii 2a3) PolZ 64, cold plasma (see Russian xom1cOkas naasma, English cold plasma, German Kilteplasma) TechT (22)9. 2. Adjective with suffix -inis, -ė (adjective) + noun (adjective). For example: : Automatic regulator (see Russian asmomamusgecku ii peeyaamop, German Selbsttdtiger Regler m, English automatic regulator) TechT (6)6, cork || kitleline groove (see Russian npobGkoselid || nyakosoti kambutl, Latin phellogenum, cambium fasciculare) BotZ 91, forest jumper (see Latin Cicindela silvatica L.) Vad vab 95, pear-brown leafhopper (see Latin Psylla pyri) Vad vab 63, spruce-leaved leafgrass (see Russian asmomamusgecku ii peeyaamop, German Selbsttdtiger Regler m, English automatic regulator). lot. Gastroidea viridula) Vad vab 166, bubbling boiling (see rusy nyssipuamoe Kunenue, german Bldsenverdampfung m, english bubbling, nucleate boiling) TechT (4)6. 3. Named (or ordinary) participant of the inactive species (certificate) + noun (marking word). For example: : The Russian pacceusaromgax || co GupamenbHas Aunsa) FizZ 54, distribution channel (plg. Russian pacnpedeaumenvusiti Ka15 For For the concept of ‘grammatical configuration’, see: T. H. Monomnas, O nousitum rpaMMaTHuecKoil KOH(Durypanun, CTpykTypH0-THNOJI1OrnueckHe HeeaeaoBanns, M., 1962, p. 46 tt. IO. HIM. Anpecbhan, Maen u Merojibi coBpemenHOil cTrpykTYpHON JnkTrBHeTHKA, M., 1966, p. 240 ir kt 61 nan) MelZ 84, shut-off valve (plg. Russian sanopotii 6ekmun6) MelZ 199, reference flow rate (plg. Russian ydenokortii pacxcd, German Unit quantity f, English specific water discharge) TechT (3)4, explosive (plg. Russian 63pbieuamoe sewecmao) GeolZ 23, reflective grid (plg. Russian ompaxamenbkas pewémsa) FizZ 31. 4. Substantive (or simple) participle of the active kind (adjective) + noun (adjective). For example: : Adjustment rod (plg. Russian peeynupytomuiė cmepoceno, german. Regelstab m, English control rod) TechT (5)12, braking screw (see Russian cmonopHbiii sunm) PolZ 46, suction || collecting drain (see Russian ecacbiearomjas || coGupamenonas Opena) MelZ 43, stinking moth (plg. lot. Russula foetens) Valg fungus 228, disturbing factor (see Russian eosmywaromee eo3deiicmeue, German Storgrosse f, English disturbance) TechT (6)12, falling source (see Russian HucxoOsyuii kato) PolZ 145, surrounding reef (see Russian okatimasiouuii pug) GeolZ 126. 5. Compound adjective (adjective) + noun (adjective). For example: : TextZ 16, 17, single-cell || various-- cell poles (see Russian 0OHOUMEHHOLL || PASHOUMEHHOLE NOAKC) FizZ 70, flat-leaved larch (see Larix eurolepis, Russian aucmeeHHuua wupokcvewy mamas) Flor 11 36, multicellular plants (see planta multicelIulares, mHocoKaemounbie pacmenus) BotZ 51, septyntaské ladybird (see Coccinella septempunctata L.) Vad vab 144. 6. a noun (adjective) + a noun (adjective), where the incompatible subnoun is either a simple noun used in figurative sense (a), or a single word common generic name (b). For example: : (a) Falco peregrinus Paukšt II 171, Verspertilio pipistrellus Vad zind 107, Pteromys volans Vad zind 214, Juniperus nana Aug anat 228, Papaver rhoeas Aug anat 482, Ergates faber L. Vad vab 153, Pyrameis atalanta Vad vab 266; b) Polygonum bistorta) Aug anat 481, winter threshold (compare with Vinca minor) Aug anat 244, Viscaria vulgaris) Aug anat 485, Lactarius deliciosus) Eat mushroom 202, Boletus luridus) Eat mushroom 107. In the terminology of some fields of science, pronoun + noun (marking word), e.g., self-radiation, cf. Russian cobGcmeenHoe usayderue, German Eigenstrahlung f, English self radiation TechT (4)7, and other composite terms, but they are relatively rare, unproductive, so we will not discuss them pų further. jų nė $ 6. Compound terms of the management certificate are less common in all terminological systems ir ne as clear as the composite terms of the harmonised certificate. Iš Compound terms of this type consisting of two elements can be divided into the following types according to their grammatical configurations: į 1. Controlling noun (adjective) controlling + noun (adjective) or controlling noun (adjective) controlling + noun (Key word). For example, ; 62 A. Main focus —concrete or abstract general noun: noble control: Brake belt (see Russian mopmoskas Aekma) PolZ 174, encoding || correction || measurement || modeling || recording || calculation || writing || control || execution device (see Russian kodupyrowee || koppekmupyrowee uamepumenonoe || mcoerupyrowee || pezucmpupyrowmee || eb ucrumenoHoe || sanucewatowee || ynpasaarowee || ucnonaKkumenbHoe. ycmpoidicmeo, vok. Closing device m, correcting device f, measuring element n, reproducing device m, recorder m, Rechengerdite n, Recording gear n, Steuerglied in, Stelglied anglų n, encoder, corrector, measuring means, analog computer, recording system, calculating device, recorder, control device, final control element) TechT (6)4, 5; Steuerglied in, Stelglied anglų encoder, corrector, measuring means, analog computer, recording system, calculating device, recorder, control device, final control element) TechT (6)4, 5; (plg. lot. Opatrum sabulosum) Vad vab user 149; control: Glass for bottles (plg. Russian Gymotracumoe cmekao) PolZ 406, clothing fabric (see German Anzugsgeweben, English wear fabric) TechT (2)5, bean bearing (see English bean bearing) EnglŽ 18; operator control: Poem in prose (plg. Russian cmuxomeopenue 6 npose) LitZ 14, cornering (compare Russian ncespom Kyebipkom) SportZ 192; driver control: Angle in support (plg. Russian yeoa 6 ynope) SportŽ 87, collateral in a bank (see Russian 3a402 6 Ganke) EkŽ 57. B. The main focus of the verb — abstract: the nobleman's management: Inflammation of the cornea (plg. lot. Keratitis) Avoidance 158, of vet mobilization (plg. Russian ykA0KHeKue om moGunus3auuu) Law 194, movement of goods (cf. Russian epy3060e dsudxcenue) PolZ 82: owner's control: Gold plating (plg. Russian s0410moe Gecnevwenue) Multiplica117, tion of ECs by residuals (plg. Russian pasmxoxenue omecOkamu) BotŽ 103, lawning with windows || wall (plg. Russian cdeproeka 6 kaemky || 8 cmenry) PolZ fixing 238, with stones (plg. KamMeKHoe Kpennekue) GeolZ awarded 66, with an order (plg. Russian KaepanxcOexue opdexom) TeisZ 11; placeholder management: Hardening in water (plg. Russian 60 of this plate) Mastering 107, PolZ in exile (plg. Russian pasmaxueakue 6 ynope) SportŽ 86, casting molding (plg. English box casting) English 24, survey in face-to-face (plg. Russian donpoc o4uxoti Ha cmaexe) The right 12, to imprisonment in solitary confinement (plg. Russian cOunc4uKoe 3aKAIOuenue) TeisŽ 67. C. The main focus of — the adjective abstract: utility management: Resistance to hot dry || frosts || (plg. Russian HAPOBLIKCCAUBCCMb, sacyxoycmoiluueocmb, mopeaocmoikocmes) BotZ 45, sensitivity to light (plg. Russian ceemsaysecmeumenbuocmo) ChemZ 131. 2. The dominant noun (denotation) is a + preposition! + * control noun (certificate). For example: : on: Standing on shoulders (plg. Russian cmoiixa Ha mnonamkax) SportŽ 99, flying on the back (plg. Russian noaém na cnuue) PolŽ be: 301; The be Bride's Daughter (plg. Russian 6eccmouxas Komnosuna) MelZ 48, dalyba be Residues (plg. Russian Oenenue Ges ccmamka) PolŽ 86, constrube ction project ** The prefix is considered only as an indicator of the grammatical connection of words, but ne as an independent démenie of the word 63 (plg. Russian 6ecnpoexmnoe cmMpouneabemen) EkŽ work 224, would pass be (plg. combination, Russian 6ecnpoeyroKas paGoma) EkŽ 177; į: Right to į Science (plg. Russian npa60 Ha 06paz3o6anue) TeisŽ 175, contribuį tes to the budget (plg. Russian e3Koc 6 61009xcem) EkZ 28, return to į work (plg. Russian eocemanoenenue na paGomy) EkŽ 32, rising į cities (plg. Russian nepedewxwenwue e 20pcd) EkŽ 140; from: Power supply from the mains (cf. rusies molkue om cemu) PolZ 282(= power supply from the mains); Dismissal (see Russian ysiaxenue ¢ pabomot) Law 18, starting from the spot (see Russian cmapm c mecma) Sport 34, leveling from the middle (see Russian Xu6erupo6eKa us cepedunoi) PolZ 226; from: Deviation from the rules (see Russian omKAoKexue om npasua) SportZ 22, starting from the water (see Russian cmapm c ecdObi) SportZ 37; by: Valentine by oxygen (see Russian eanekmHocmo no KUCAOPOdy) ChemZ 294, selling by examples (see Russian npodaxa no o6pasyam) EkZ 167, settlement by signs (see Russian pacuém no Ooe06eopam) EkZ 190, collection by signs (see Russian tumykamypka no maskam) PolZ 505; with: Crane with arrow (see Russian kpar co cmpenoii) PolZ 163, contactor with a button (see Russian kowmaxmop c¢ saweaxoil) PolZ 154, biureté with a tap (see Russian 6Gi0opemka ¢ Kpanom) ChemZ 49, beak iron (see English beak iron) AnglZ 18, crossing with a flange frog (see English flange frog) AnglZ 55, seeds with squirts (see Latin semina papposa, Russian cemexa ¢ xoxoakom) Bot Z 373. In other languages, the term is rarely used in the context of the phraseology. They are usually replaced by composite terms of the coordinating notation, whose secondary elements are adjectives with the suffix -inis, -ė. This type of composite terms occurs in almost all terminological systems, but in general they are much rarer than composite terms of the coordinating notation. $ 7. The two-element composite terms of the spreading certificate are used much less frequently in the terminology of many fields of science than the composite terms of the coordinating or controlling certificate. They can be divided into three more common types: 1. Noun (adjective) + adjective (adjective). For example: : Preservation by drying in brine || (plg. Russian cyxoe || cončkoe k Heepauposarue) PolZ 153, Pressure Welding (plg. Russian ceapka daenenuem) PolŽ 371, tournament with racing (plg. rusy mypkup no nepenucke) SportZ 233, threading by rolling (plg. rusy 3b0bi) PolZ 212, Bending Test (plg. rusu ucnsimarue Ha useub) PolZ 126. 2. Noun (Significant word) added + to the verb communicative (significant). For example: : Threat of killing (plg. Russian yeposa yGuticmeom) TeisZ 48, chance of survival (plg. Russian epicmrnocme Oooxcumus) EC 27, export import || authorisation (plg. Russian paspeuieriue na 661603 || 6603) EkŽ 184. 3. Noun (adjective) accompanied + by an adverb (adjective). For example: : Trading on loan (plg. Russian mopeoeas 6 paccpouxy) Transfer 235, of ECs for redemption (plg. rusy nepecoiaka Hano0KeKHbimM naamexcom) EkŽ 143. There are two distinct types of iš full-time contracts. Jų the points grown together, indicate one composite concept. Juos iš 64 part can be assigned to both the combination and the casting certificate compound terms, e.g.: drill-probe (plg. Russian Gyp-tuyn) GeolZ 19, raker-collector (plg. Russian Kop4ueeamen6-co6Gupamen6) MelZ judge-fixer 139, (plg. Russian cydba-durxcamop) SportZ 23, plants-indicators (plg. lot. plantae indicatores, Russian pacmenus-unOukKamopoi) BotZ 49 ir Sir. This is a new type of word combinations that emerged in the postwar years. In Lithuanian dictionaries published at the beginning of the 20th century nų and a little later (e.g., LBŽ etc.) ir this type of compound term does not exist. In the Russian language, a su hyphen is used to write enriched full words iš of two parts!" in our language corresponne ds only to enriched full forms, but monosyllabir ic terms (e.g., orthoolein, cf. Rusy opmo-nopoda GeolZ 93, vatvalandė, plg. Russian eamm-4ac PolŽ 39), Terms of the type + "substantive noun noun" (e.g. cotton fibre, cf. Russian x10noK-cbeep Northwe254, st, pp. 10. Russian cesepo-sanad), "adjective su suffix -inis, -ė + noun noun” type terms, e.g. vacuum machine (plg. Russian eaxkyym-annapam) PolZ hood 36, mixer (plg. Russian mewarka-koinax) PolZ 196: Terms of the "non-negative noun" type, e.g.: mixer feeder + (plg. Russian numameno-cmecumenos) Pol Z 282; "noun noun noun"-type + terms, e.g. mouse little one (plg. Russian Moltua-mMaatomka) ir t. t. Especially often enriched full forms are incorrectly chosen in the case where they would be much better suited to our language Compound terms of the type noun + noun noun, e.g. lamp-dwarf (plg. Russian nanbuuKosas ramna | namna-nanbuux) PolZ 172, more precisely: lamp dwarf, debtor-lupik (plg. Russian saumcdaeeų-pccmcewjurx) EkŽ more precisely: 55, debtor lupikas, peasant-resettler (plg. Russian kKpecmoanun-nepeceneneŭ) EkŽ more 92, precisely: peasant settler, company-supplier || - the buyer (plg. Russian npednpusamue-nocmasuyux || -nokynameas) EkŽ more precisely: 161, company supplier buyer, skater-racer || (plg. Russian KcH5KOGexceu-cKopocmHuK) SportZ more 56, precisely: skater racer, horse-rider (plg. Russian poicarx) SportZ 137, more precisely: horse ir riding pan. Using symbols, the entire šį inventory of grammatical configurations can be represented as follows: 1) (A+ N)um' 2) (Ar + N) room 3) (Po+ Nos 4) (Pat N) about: 5) (A+N) nouns 6) (N+N) nouns 7) (Ngen + Noon) V (Noom + Naat vabivioc)7 8) (Print+Print+Print); 9) (Noom +P); 10) (Nuon + VV): 11) (Not yet + Py). The formulas will be more convenient to use when it comes to sudétiniy termy transformation. 2. BI-STORAGE SUDETINIU DEADLINE SALUTINIUM DEMENU FUNCTIONS $8. Combinatory, controlling and mergeable compound ne terms with only grammatical part (syntactic) aspect, but in terms of ir the thought expressed. Jų certificates can describe the main theme in different ways. For to compound terms, even having ir significant 7 Jų group characterisir tic structural features discussed in detail in the following articles: A. H. MejibunkoBa, OgKocjoBuble npu.10xxeHHS H Nepex0jį COUTETHAQUE C MPH. IOKEHHEM B CJOXKHBIE CJI0Ba, — ‘Pycekult s3bK B mkKojie’, 1959, Ne 1; H. HIM. Auapees, B. JI. 3am6pKuuKkuit, HMeknuoe cJ10B006pa3oBanune cnopTHBHON B TEPMUHOJOMHH, — Pa3BHTHE COBpeMeH - Horo pycckoro s3bIKa, M., 1963; K. C. Mapkaposa, OcHoBHble THIIB JĮBY XKOMINOHEHTHbIX HMeH - HbIX TEpMHHOB-CJIOBOCO4eTaHHH B COBpeMeHHOM pyCCKOM fi3biKe, — „Yučubtre 3anucku AsepGailIt's not early. HH-Ta um. M. O. AxyngnoBa“, biscuit XII, Ne 1, Baky, 1966, p. 95 tt. 5. "Pumenonoe modeaupyrowee 65 peeucmpupyrowmee || ewewtucrumenonoe || sanucbisaree || ynpasasiowee || ucnorkumenonoe". || || Locks m, corrective Facility f, Measuring element n, Remodelers m, Schreiber m, Rechnengerdt n, (encoder, corrector, measuring means, analog computer, recording system, calculating device, recorder, control device, final control element) (encoder, corrector, measuring means, analog computer, recording system, calculating device, recorder, control device, final control element) TechT (6)4 || 5, power || calculation || adjustment mo || delay unit (plg. rusy 610K semi-conductive || film || Kacmpodiku || 3ansdoeanus) TechT (6)3, Steamer (plg. Russian esinapHoil annapam) PolZ 15, inlet || outlet || pressure || suction valve (see Russian 6nyckHot || ebinyckHodi || Kanopnoli || ecachbiearotujuii Kranan) MelŽ 201; b) a nominal (or simple) passive participant, e.g.: closing tap (cf. Russian sanoproii Kpan) PolZ 163, inserting || closing || loading machine (cf. Russian 6py6oeas || saxnadounas || noezpysounas MaULUHQ) GeolŽ 74, measuring microscope (cf. usmepumenonotiė mukpockon) FizZ 58, overflow || drain pipe (cf. Russian nepenuenas || cmouxan mpy6(a) MelZ 185, shut-off valve (plg. Russian 3anopnbit onemuas) MelZ guide 199, vanes (see Russian xHanpasasowue aonamsu, English corner vanes, German Leitschaufeln) TechT (25)13. In the present Lithuanian terminology, the secondary accent of this type of compound terms is more often expressed by the noun's pronoun than by the simple or noun participle of the passive kind. The use of the verb abstract genitive is stimulated by the ambiguity of some of the participle combinations of this type. 3. a whole (machine, device, etc.), of which the agent or instrument named by the main element of the compound term is to be considered a part (detail). In this case, the secondary point of the compound term is represented by the so-called whole-to-- part relation pronoun, e.g.: spit feather (cf. Russian nepo nepeeoda) PolZ 277, betonmaisés drum (cf. Russian 6apa6ax 6emonomemanku) PolŽ 22, piston ring (cf. Russian nopuwresce Koavyo) PolZ 150, reactor hood (cf. Russian K09KYXx peakmopa), etc. Reaktorgehčiuse n, English jacket reaktor) TechT (5)12, plough blade (see Russian wos nayea) MelŽ 131, bell button (see English bell puch) AnglZ 19, lock gate (see Russian tmuAr030661€' 60poma) MelŽ 166, dam diaphragm (see Russian duagppaema nnomunoi) MelZ 182. 4. the substance or energy necessary for the operation of the agent or instrument referred to by the main element of the compound term. Compound terms with this meaning may have a secondary accent: a) an adjective with the suffix -inis, -ė, e.g.: selenium equalizer (see Russian ceaeHoeotli eoinpamumens) FizZ 55, nuclear reactor (see Russian aOdeprnotiūį peakmop), german. Kernreaktor m, English nuclear reactor) TechT (5)10, electronic regulator (see saexmponnoii peeyasmop) TechT (6)6, alkaline battery (see wescunoit akkymyramop) FizZ 6, magnetic housing (see MazkumnHotė KomMnac) FizZ 47, kerosene lamp (see xepocuroéas mnamna) FizŽ 53, mercury || semiconductor thermometer (cf. rusy pmymnabtii || noaynposconukosoiti mepmomemp) FizZ 95, electric || steam engine (cf. rusy anekmpodsueamens, napoeoii dsueameav) FizZ 99, air damping (cf. English air damping) AnglŽ 10; 72 b) noun pronoun, e.g. mercury iron (plg. Russian pmymHoll soinpamumens) FizZ 55, electric lamp (plg. Russian smexmpu4eckaa ramna) FizŽ steam 53, generator (plg. Russian napoeenepamop, german. Dampferzeuger m, anglų steam generator) TechT (5)5, thermal relay (plg. rusu ndyosoe pee, vok. Thermorelais, English thermal relay) TechT (7)7, wind || water engine (plg. Russian 6empodJeu2ameno, eodanoii Osueameno) MelZ gas 197, cooker (plg. English gas range) AnglŽ 59. The use of the genitive to form this type of compound terms is older, but in the current Lithuanian language, those compound terms with adjectives suffixes as secondary elements are much more common. su -inis, -ė. The origin of the noun is usually not suitable for this type of terms because compound terms with this type can easily be jį identified with the aforementioned terms, the secondary focus of which indicates the su object of the instrument or agent's work. 5. A distinctive detail which is one of the most important or most characteristic elements of the instrument or agent named as the main focus of the ar compound term. Ši the relative value is a kind of logical opposition to the said value of the whole. In this case, the secondary focus of the compound term is expressed a) by: su adjective suffix -inis -ė, e.g. disc harrows (plg. Russian duckoéas 6tyre) MelŽ Spring 12, harrows (plg. Russian npywcunnas Gopona) PolZ ball 30, valve (plg. Russian wapoetii kpar) Polž. 163, drum vane || mixer (plg. Russian 6apačannas || Kporabuamas: mewarxa) PolZ 196, mirror prism || harrow (plg. russian sepkKaAbnboiū || npu3menHbiii 2KKep) MelŽ rope 51, excavator (plg. Russian kanamrockpe6Kosoli skckasamop) MelZ 51, diaphragm || screw || piston pump (plg. Russian Jduappaemennoii || eunmoeoil nopunesoii || Hacoc MelZ arrow 149, galvanometer (plg. Russian cmpeA04HbLie 2value) FizŽ 30; b) with a compound adjective, e.g. broadband amplifier (plg. (Rūsių wupoxononocHoiį ycunumeno) FizZ single 87, bucket multi || bucket excavator (plg. Russian cOHoKoeuLoBbLiL || Mro20KoBUI0BbLL aKcKaeamop) MelŽ 51, trikarštuvis machine (plg. Russian mpēxnpoučckotūį annapam) PolZ double 16, tipper trencher (plg. Russian JdeyxomeaAbHblū KanasoKonamens) MelŽ 61; c) a su + prepositional noun, e.g. crane arrow su (plg. Russian Kpax co cmpenoii) PolŽ 163, burette su with tap (plg. rusy Gropemra c kparom) ChemZ 49, contactor su with pushbutton (plg. rusy Kowmakmop c sawerkoi) PolZ shaft 54, with grooves su (plg. Russian wauyesoidi sarux) PolZ 38. Adjectives su suffix -inis, are -ė systems better suited ir to represent species oppositions, so they are more productive than prepositional compound terms for the relative meaning discussed in the present Lithuanian language. nų 6. The inventor who has created the agent or instrument named by the main element of the compound term. In these compound terms, the sign point is always represented by the name's origin, e.g.: Foucault- 's pendulum (plg. Rye maamuux Gyro) FizŽ 29, Daniel's Hygrometer (plg. Russian euepomemp Manus) FizZ 34, Kundto || Five-handed pipe (plg. russian mpy6xa Kyndma || Keune) FizZ 51, Leiden Indian (plg. Russian aeddenck Ganka) FizZ 53, Lindės || Atvudo | Karno masina (plg. Russian Mahuna Jlunde | Ameyda || Drop) FizZ 55 || 58, X-ray machine Russian 73 (plg. pexmeeroecčkas ycmanoeKa) FizŽ 77, Popov evaporator (plg. Russian ucnapumeno ITonoea) MelZ 56, Boron magneton (plg. Russian maexernon Bopa) FizŽ 56, Martin's Furnace (plg. Russian smapmeroècas news) PolZ 270, Morse code (plg. Russian x1104 Mopae) PolŽ 145, Sellers Bearing (plg. adjustable bearing) AnglZS8. 7. The external form that is characteristic of the instrument or agent named by the main démen of the compound term. An object to į which an agent or instrument is similar in form is usually indicated by an adjective suffix su -inis, -ė, e.g.: shielded cylindrical closure || (plg. Russian wumosod įurnukOpuveckutiė || samsop) MelZ 178, threshold || tubular water meter (plg. Russian e6odocausrolil || mpyGuamoii godomep) MelZ 187, ball condenser (see Russian cgpepudeckuil Kouodexcamop) FizZ 48, conical pendulum (see Russian konudeckui masmuux) FizZ 90, Golden || lexic drill (see Russian aoockosold || mapenbuamotiė 6yp) GeolZ 19, anchor bolt (plg. Russian ankepuoiti 60am) PolZ 29. 8. the substance from which the agent or instrument referred to by the main element of the compound term is made, wholly or partly. Compound terms having this relative meaning may be expressed as: (a) an adjective with the suffix -inis, -ė, e.g.: wooden gutter (see Russian depessnHoli nomox) MelŽ 97, cement || concrete pipe (see Russian yemenmnas || Gemonnas mpy6a) MelZ 184, porcelain funnel (see Russian eopoxa Bioxnepa) PolŽ 54, steel spindle (see Russian cmanomoii Hazeav) PolZ 210, coking furnace (see Russian xagdenonas neus) PolZ 279, bronze wire (see Russian 6pon306btii nposod) PolZ 323, rubber belt (see Russian pesunoeotii pemeno) PolZ 360, wooden shield (see English brattice) AnglŽ 25, brass case (see English brass case) AnlgŽ 25; b) a noun's adjective, e.g.: akmenų || karčių || tašelių drena (see Russian Kamennas || ocepdesas || Gpyciamas dpena) MelZ 43, akmenų || žemės užtvanka (see Russian Kamennas || semanas niomuna) MelZ 181. $ 15. The transformation of the grammatical configurations of this type of terms is usually determined by three things: 1) the mismatch of the form of the compound terms and the combinations of words of literary or folk language with analogous meaning, 2) the analogy of similar species concepts of neighboring branches of science; 3) influence of other languages (especially Russian). These types of composite terms can be transformed in different ways, not all of them being one-way, but they are not all equally important for the practice of terminology standardization. We will mention only those components cases of transformation of (especially species) terms, about which linguists sometimes disagree with specialists. su (No + Nyom) — X —> (Month + N), when No,, indicates an instrument a) or agent performing a work tu operation (denoted by the abstract genitive of the verb), e.g.: pressure valve (plg. Russian xanopHotie Krnanan) PolZ 143: pressure valve, threading cutter (plg. Russian pesvGosasn (peasants) PolZ 470: threading cutter; b) total (machine, equipment), of which part (detail) agent or instrument to be considered as the main element of a compound term (so-called whole-part ratio ir originator), e.g. reactor hood (plg. rusu K0Yx peaxmopa) TechT (5)12: reactor hood, sluice gate (plg. ruwatosHsu ole sopoma) PolZ 54: sluice gate, piston ring (plg. rusu nopuine60e koavyo) PolZ piston 150: ring; (c) the inventor 74 who has created, constructed, e.g. : Martin furnace (see Russian mapmenosckan neuv) PolZ 279: martensite furnace, Leiden vessel (aetidenckas 6anxa) FizZ 53: leiden vessel, etc. When evaluating transformations with active and inactive species participants in such combinations, the following points should be taken into account: 1) absolute systematicity of species terms cannot be achieved not only in the terminology of one branch of science, but even within terminological microsystems, for example, in the modern terminology of agricultural machinery classification, next to the “building*” type terms, newer “building machine” type terms have the right to exist; 2) the stability of terms should be considered as a codification requirement of no lesser importance than the sometimes over-emphasized and vaguely interpreted ambiguity of (P,+ N),,, type terms when compared with (Ng, + N,,,) type terms. In terms of quality, (Ng, + Nom) type terms are more common in our modern technical terminology. Plg. : Source Terms TechT(1—15)) PolZ FizŽ MelŽ GeolŽ | TextZ type | | | (Not+ Nuom) | 38 250 | 0 | 41 | | 5 = Jere er veer | | | (Pp+ N)nom 6 60 | 8 | 33 | 21 | 0 | | $ 16. The main focus of a compound term can be a living thing or a plant. In the English language, the term is usually used for a plant or animal. In botany and zoology, a binary nomenclature is used, where the first (primary) node represents a genus and the second (secondary) node represents a species. In this case, the secondary elements of the composite systematic terms refer to the organism or plant: 1. The object of nutrition. A spot with this semantic function is usually represented by an adjective with the suffix -inis, -ė, e.g.: sparrow owl (see Glaucidium passerinum) Paukšt Il 267, pine snowdrop (see Pinicola enucleator) Paukšt II 127, spruce cruciferous (see Loxia curvirostra) Paukšt I 286, cabbage beetle (see Pieris rapae) Vad vab 264, jam beetle (see Dolycorus baccarum L.) Vad vab 79, pea corn (see Bruchus pisorum L.) Vad vab 171, oak spinner (see Lasiocampa guercus L.) Vad vab 241, walnut straw (see Curculio nucum L.) Vad vab 187. 2. Place of residence and upbringing. Compound terms having this relative meaning may be expressed as: a) by an adjective with the suffix -inis, -ė, e.g.: akmeninė || miškinė kiaunė (see Latin Martes foina || martes) Vad žind 178 || 184, akmeninė || hazelnutinė miegamotė (see Latin Elimomys quercinus L., Muscardinus avellanarius L.) Vad žind 230 || 228; miškinis || vandensinis || dirvožemio kalviukas (see Latin Anthus trivalis || spinoletta || campestris) Paukšt III 184 || 187, kaverninė || žalioji gulbė (see Latin Riparia riparia, Delicion urbica) Paukšt III 327 || 336, miškų fern (see Latin Dryopteris thelypteris L., rusų utumceeurx Oonomnotii) Flor 1 34, kalnų pušis (see Latin Pinus montana, rusų čocka eopnas) 75 Flor I 161, Black-tailed barberry (plg. lot. Boletus cyanescens) Valg mushro115, om (plg. lot Russula paludosa) Eat Mushro194; om Ball Skater (plg. lot. Gerris paludum) Vad vab housefly 85, (plg. lot. Musca domestica L.) What vab 326; b) the noun's adjective, e.g. Mountain chard (plg. lot. Motacilla cinerea) Bird III Guinea 193, pig (plg. lot. Phocaena phocaena) Vad zind sandbed 298, black beetle (plg. lot. Opatrum sabulosum L.) What vab 149. 3. Place of origin, usually expressed by an adjective suffix su -inis, -ė, made of a proper noun, e.g. iš Icelandic runner (plg. lot. Calidris canutus) Paukst 1 220, Ural owl (plg. lot. Strix uralensis) Bird II 273,. Swedish mussel (plg. lot. Oscinosoma frit) Vad vab American 325, larch (plg. lot. Larix americana, American larch (see Abies Nordmanniana, Russian ITuxma Hopomana) Flor I 140, Caucasian beech (see Abies Nordmanniana, Russian ITuxma Hopomana) Flor 1102, European beech (see Taxus baccata, Russian mucc seoOnowi) Flor I 87, Korean pine (see Pinus koraiensis, Russian Kopetdickas cocna) Flor I 148, Canadian vison (see Mustela vison) Vad zind 169, Nyctereutes protocyonoides Vad zind 134, Siberian starling (see Capreolus capreolus pygargus) Vad žind 312. External features of the body: A — shape and other characteristics of the whole body, B — characteristics of the surface of the body or parts thereof, C — colour of the body or parts thereof. A. Where the distinctive mark of a compound term indicates a characteristic of the body shape of an animal or plant, that mark may be expressed: (a) a noun or a simple qualitative adjective, e.g.: small earwig (see Labia minor L.) Vad vab 54, broad-horned deer (see Dorcus parallelopipedus L.) Vad vab 196, large short-winged deer (see Creophilus maxillosus L.) Vad vab 116, flat-winged libellula (see Libellula depressa L.) Vad vab 42, long-tailed corn-weed (see Calvatia saccata) Valg mushroom 231, great-brown gloss (see Chalcophora mariana) Vad vab 130; b) by adjective noun, e.g.: Vespertilio pipistrellus Vad žind 107, Micromys minutus Vad žind 256, Juniperus nana Aug anat 228. B. When the indicative mark of a compound term refers to the surface features of the whole body or parts of the body of an animal or plant, that secondary mark is usually represented by a nominative qualitative adjective, e.g.: stingy horned (see Rhagium mordax L.) Vad vab 154, glabrous carabus (see Carabus glabratus) Vad vab 100, glitchy yellow-footed (plg. lot. Gomhidius glutinosus) Valg mushroom 229, coarse scale house (plg. lot. Lepiota rhacodes) Valg mushroom 230, milky mushroom (plg. lot. Lactarius mitissimus) Eat a mushroom 231 ir kt C. When a compound term is used to indicate the color of the body of a living plant, ar the secondary mark may be expressed by: a noun simple qualitative adjective, e.g.: white spruce a) ar (plg. lot. Picea canadensis, Russian e16 Canadians) Flor 1 123, Black duck (plg. lot. Oidemia nigra L.) Bird II 115, Grey goose (plg. lot. Anser anser) Bird II 135, Yellow milk mushroom (plg. lot. Lactarius scrobiculatus) Eat mushro210, om green moss (plg. Russian 2unKo8bie mxu) MelZ 144, brown nightingale (plg. lot. 102) 76 Rattus rattus || norvegicus Rattus rattus || norvegicus Rattus rattus || norvegicus Rattus rattus || norvegicus Rattus rattus || norvegicus Rattus rattus || norvegicus Rattus rattus || norvegicus Rattus rattus || norvegicus Vad žind (b) an 241; adjective with the suffix -ic ‘-ic’, e.g.: purple cigar (cf. Rhynchites bacchus L.) Vad vab 174, violet flesh-eater (cf. Hylurgops palliatus) Vad vab 192, silver monk (cf. Cucullia argentea) Vad vab 253, ink dung mushroom (cf. Coprinus atramentarius) Valg fungus 231, lily-white mushroom (cf. Tricholoma nudum) Valg fungus 230; (c) by a compound adjective, e.g.: yellow-red-footed-mushroom (cf. Hypholoma sublateritium) Valg fungus 173, yellow-spotted mushroom (cf. Amanita junguillea) Valg fungus 162, blood-coloured mushroom (cf. Russula sanguinea) Valg fungus 196, gray-spotted mushroom (cf. Russula aeruginea) Valg fungus 188, multicoloured mushroom (cf. Gomphidius viscidus) Valg fungus 120. In some cases, the species name of a compound term in plant systematics refers not to the color of the entire body, but only to the color of a particular organ, which is summarized by a distinctive species name. Recently, such cases have been avoided by botanical specialists. | 5. Internal characteristics: A – characteristics perceived by the senses of the subject, B – individual internal characteristics. A. When the indicative element of a compound term denotes an inner characteristic perceived by the senses of the subject, the secondary element of the compound term may be expressed: (a) a noun or a simple qualitative adjective, e.g.: Boletus bovinus (bovine boletus) Hydrophorus agathosmus (hydrophorus agathosmus) Russula fragilis (fragile russula) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) Tylopilus felleus (bitter boletus) lot. Gomphidius glutinosus) Eat a mushro229; om b) a noun passive participant, e.g.: stinky-mouthed moth (see Russula foetens) Eat a mushroom 228; c) adjective noun, e.g. dirvenis smirduolis (plg. lot. Ononis arvensis) LBZ 239, sharp-tailed shark (plg. lot. Russula delica) Eat a mushroom 227. B. Where the distinctive mark of a compound term refers to the individual internal characteristics of an animal or plant, that secondary mark may be expressed: (a) a noun qualitative adjective, e.g. predatory owlhead (see Eupsilia satellitia L.) Vad vab 253, biting ants (see Campanotidae) Vad vab kibioji 300, kruné (plg. lot. Asperula aparine) LBZ 444; b) a prepositional noun, e.g. gebenė lipiké (plg. lot. Hedera helix) Aug anat falcon 326, passenger (plg. lot. Falco peregrinus) Paukst 11 171, flying squirrel (see Pteromys volans) Vad Zind 214, birulé poppy (see Papaver rhoesas) Aug anat 482, Ziogas the Songwriter (plg. lot. Tettigonia cantans) Vad vab muse 49, candlestick (plg. lot. Stomoxys calcitrans) What vab 327; ¢) named active substance, e.g. clotting agent (plg. lot. Ajuga reptans) LBZ 515, yellowing milk mushroom (cf. Lactarius scrobiculatus) LBZ crawler 472, trailer (plg. lot. Bovista nigrescens) Eat Mushro231, om Reptilian (plg. lot. Ranunculus reptans) LBZ 518 (= The Sliding Windmill). 6. Distinctive features of a separate organ: form, A — B — color, C —variety of growths. 77 A. When the indicative mark of a compound term refers to the shape ar of an external organ of a living plant, that secondary mark may be expressed: a) su -inis, -ė, e.g. skiauterinis fern (plg. lot. Dryopteris cristata, red tiumokuK epeGeKuamorii) lor F I 40, Lanceolate bell (plg. lot. Botrychium lanceolatum) Flor 1 24, Exclamation owl (plg. lot. Agrotis exclamationis) Vad vab conical 252, moose (plg. lot. Morchella conica) Valg mushroom 228, panel squirrel (plg. lot. Cantharellus umbonatus) Eat a mushroom 229; b) with a compound adjective, e.g. broadleaf larch (plg. lot. Larix eurolepis, Russian aucmeennuya mupokcuemuyiiuamas) Flor 11 36, Spike-horned manure beetle (plg. lot. Copris lunaris) Vad vab dantytkojis 199, trips (plg. lot Odonthothrips loti) Vad vab wide-leaf 88, clamp (plg. lot. Clitocybe platyphylla) Eat mushro229, om iesmalapé pigeon (plg. lot. Atriplex hastatum) LBZ 392. B. When a compound term is used to indicate the color of an ar external organ of a living plant, it is usually expressed by a compound adjective: baltbackaris genys (plg. lot. Dryobates leucotos) Bird III 49, Yellow-billed chivalry (plg. lot. Carduelis cannabina) Bird 111 116, black-headed snow white (plg. lot. Pyrrhula pyrrhula) Bird III 122, raudonpetis degutvabalis (plg. lot. Sphaeridium scarabaecides L.) Vad vab green-ey137, ed fly (plg. lot. Chlorops pumilionis) Vad vab white-hea325, ded owl (plg. lot. Melicleptria scutosa) Diloba coeruleoce255, phala) Vad vab 249, brown-tailed barberry (cf. Boletus badius) Valg fungus 227, yellow-tailed barberry (cf. Chlorophanus viridis) Vad vab 128. C. Where a compound term refers to a characteristic growth of an animal or plant, the designation may be expressed: (a) by a qualitative adjective, e.g.: Galerida cristata, Bird III 173, Panurus biarmicus, Bird III 223, Sitona crinitus, Vad vab 181, Locoperdon echinatum, Gemmatum, Strobilymyces strobilaceus, Valg fungus 232; (b) an adjective noun, e.g. cross-crowned fern (see Selatosomus eruciatus) Vad vab 127, dry-winged fern (see Dryopteris phegopteris) LBŽ 126, white-winged fern (see Carex microglochin) LBŽ 71, crested fern (see Crepis praemorsa) LBŽ 108. 7. The researcher who has identified and described the species of organisms or plants named by the designator of the compound term. The name of the group is derived from the name of the group's founder, e.g. : Osmia Skolskyi Vad vab 293, Banks pine (cfr. lat. Pinus Banksiana, rusy coca Banca) Flor I 154, Vico pine (cfr. lat. Abies Veitchii, rusy nuxma Buua) Flor I 94, Engelman's spruce (cfr. lat. Picea Engelmannii, rusy eas Ineeav mana) Flor I 118, Natterer's bat (cfr. lat. Myotis Nattereri) Vad zind 91, Natuzzi's bat (cfr. lat. Vespertilio Nathusii) Vad zind 110. 8. the time when the living thing is active, reproduces, the plant blooms, the fruit weaves, etc. secondary focus of compound terms in this case is usually expressed by: adjective a) suffix su -inis, -ė, e.g. summer evergreen (plg. lot. Evetria duplana Hb.) Vad vab night snake 223, (plg. lot. Serica brunnea L.) Vad vab spring 199, sprinkles (plg. lot, Oenochrominae) LBZ 383, summer 257, truffle || 78 (see Latin: Tuber aestivum) Valg mushroom 227; (b) a qualitative adjective, e.g. early sprindi (see Brephos parthenias L.) Vad vab 257, late sprindi (see Vespertilio serotinus) Vad žind 107. 9. Purpose, use of the plant itself or its fruits. These terms usually have only the adjective medicinal, the passive participle edible, etc., as the specific, e.g.: pharmaceutical ir cucurklé (see Barrago officinalis L.) LBZ 384, pharmaceutical SienaZolé (see Parietaria officinalis) Aug anat 609, pharmaceutical foam (see Saponaria officinalis) Aug anat edible 548; garlic (cf. Allium sativum) LBZ 403, edible truffle (cf. Tuber brumale) Valg mushroom 227, edible basil (cf. Gyromitra esculenta) Valg mushroom 228, edible chard (cf. Cantharellus cibarius) Valg mushroom 228, edible lentil (cf. Lens esculenta) Aug anat 404. 10. Valuation characteristic of the entity. The sign elements of Sudeten terms with this relative meaning are usually adjectives ordinary (a) real ir (b), e.g. : (a) Humulus lupulus L. LBZ 386, Amanita muscaria Valg Fungus 231, Sorex aranaeus Vad žind 66, Xanthium strumarium Aug anat 612, Scloroderma bovista tr. Valg Fungus 75; b) Viola tricolor Aug anat 573, Russula vesca Valg fungus 192, Galium verum Aug anat 398, Murinae Vad zind 238, Tineidae What vab 214. § 17. In the terminology of natural sciences (N+ N),,,„type terms have been used since ancient times. Recently, in strict compliance with the international binary nomenclature, where the first dot of two-word systematic terms indicates the species of organisms or plants, and the second — the genus, this type of terms have begun to be transformed threefold: 1) (N+ N),om —> (A+ N)soms PVZ. : small mouse (Mycromys minutus) Vad žind 256 —small mouse; garduolé mushroom (Russula delica) Valg mushroom 186 — delicacy mushroom; Common dove (Columba palumbus) Paukst 146 — Red-tailed pigeon; 2) (N+ N), if —> (Pa+ N) names PVZ. : flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) Vad žind 214 — flying squirrel, birulé poppy (Papaver rhoeas) LBZ 246 — birrant poppy, hedera helix (Hedera helix) LBZ 163 — hedera helix; 3) (N+ N),om —> (Ay + N)yoms PVZ. : Dwarf batsman (Vespertilio pipistrellus) Vad zind 107 —dwarf batsman,- %iemé slenktené (Vinca minor) LBZ 372 —slenkteniné Ziemé, small foamy batsman (Viscaria vulgaris) LBZ foamy foamy batsman etc. 374 — ir Be therefore, there are cases where the first period of this type of term is omitted, e.g.: crab beggar (Sguilla mantis) NBZ 308 — cross-headed spider (Araneus diadematus) NBZ 320 — crustacean, sea turtle admiral (Pyrameis atalanta) What vab 266 — You ir admire me. A similar deviation from the rules of systematics occurs in the ir case when plant varieties of forms are named by ar diphthongs (a), species in o singular — (b) terms such as: cabbage a) (Brassica olearacea var, acephala) flaxseed 32, (Linum usitatissimum var. brevimulti) Large-leav79 121, ed apple of paradise (Malus pumila var. paradisiaca) ZuZ 230; b) Sponge (Vanessa I) Vad vab nettle 266, (Vanesia urticae) Vad vab blind 266, Willow (Willow caprea) What grows 154, cabbage (Brassica olearacea) What Aug 231 ir Sir. Types of Lithuanian systematic terms (a) ir variety (b) the schemes are as follows: (a) mi = (b) 3 | ad | | | | ša Species Genus | | | | Variety Species Genus These schemes are practically followed only by botanists, but by ne zoologists. ir Thus, the same type (N+ N),on in systematics is considered possible ir normative, but unproductive, generally ir unperspective. To indicate the place of ar residence, as we have seen, adjectives can often be used suffixes ir su -inis, -ė, the origins of ir nouns. In the current Lithuanian systematic terminology, adjectives suffixes are used much more frequently in this case su -inis, -ė, than noun origins. The plural form is more commonly used. jo Plg. : Biidvardziy with the suffix -inis, -ė and the noun's usage in the genitive to indicate place t | Sha Paukšt I-III | Vad vab Vad znd Valg gryb Term high 1— ad va ad ZnAlGry type TI i (414 N)nom 39 34 20 13 (Not+ Nnom) | || 3 0 $ 18. If the main element of a compound term is the name of an action or process expressed in a verb abstract, then the secondary element of such a term may be indicated: I. The object to which that action relates or the object in which that process takes place. The secondary elements of compound terms having this relative meaning may be expressed: (a) the pronoun ti of the dominant noun, e.g.: freezing of plants || shooting || soaking (cf. Russian 6e5mepsanue || esnpesanue || ebimoKanue pacmenuii) BotŽ 68, wood ripening (cf. Russian co3peeanue Opesecunoi) BotZ 271, bud formation (cf. Latin foliatio, Russian ncuKocnomcenue) BotZ 349, pool concentration (cf. Russian sa60mauueanue ecOdcc60pa) MelŽ 160, neutron deceleration (cf. Russian samedaerue netimponos, German Neutronenbremsung f. English neutron thermalization) TechT (5)8, heat transfer (cf. Russian mennonepedaua, German Wiirmeiibertragung f. English heat transmission) TechT (4)4, leakage control (cf. Russian peeyruposanue cmoka, German Ausgleichung des Abflusses, English water drain control) TechT (3)6, reimbursement of expenses (cf. Russian cnaama pacxcdos) EkŽ 127; b) a possessive noun with a prefix, e.g.: grįžimas į darbą (cf. Russian 60cemanoenexue Ha pa6omy) EkŽ 32, rising į cities (plg. Russian nepedeu80 awerue 6 20pod) Dismissal 140, from iš work (plg. Russian ysonnenue ¢ pa60mbi) TeisŽ 18, deviation from the rules (plg. Kexue npasus) om SportZ 22, deviation from the norm from the || plan (plg. rusy omxaonenue om opel || om nzmana) EkŽ 132; e) the possessive noun in postpositional verbs, e.g. gold plating (plg. Russian s010moe oGecneuenue) Propagati17, on of EC by cuttings || of unripe || offspring (plg. Russian pasmnoicenue omsodkamu || nopocaamu || wepenxamu) BotZ 103, fencing with embankments (plg. Russian o6earosanue) MelZ 15, smoothing with a stroker (plg. Russian naarupoeka epe6Kom) PolZ 283, brine salting (plg. Russian sacorka my3ny4nas) PolZ curing 111, in water-air-- || oil || (plg. Russian saxanka eodanasa || 603Macadam- || ia oil) PolZ 107. 2. A way, or a distinctive feature of the action ar process, which can be expressed by: a noun qualitative adjective, e.g.: round a) turning (plg. Russian o6ma4xa Kpyenas) PolŽ plain 236, weave (plg. Russian nepenremenue 2mradroe) PolŽ 274, coarse || fine grinding (plg. Russian rox04 Kpynnbti || monkkuii) PolZ 306, flexible || rigid connection (plg. Russian coedOunenue 2u6xoe || nuomnoe) PolZ selective 390, radiation (plg. rusu us6upamenonoe usnysdenue, vok. selective Selective f, radiation) TechT (4)7; b) named passive participant, e.g. oscillating movement (plg. Russian K0o1eGamenonoe dsuocenue) FizZ impact 42, drilling (plg. Russian ydapHow Gypenue) GeolZ 19, sintering combustion (plg. Russian o6wue2 cnekatowmui) PolZ blown 230, (blown) melting (plg. Russian niaexa npodyeroti) PolZ 282, stationary administration (plg. Russian nocadxa wenodeuscras) PolZ rising 309, movement (plg. rasu eocxodamúee Oeuncenue) GeolZ 41; c) adjective su suffix -inis, -ė, e.g.: current movement (plg. Russian Oeuncenue nomounoe) PolZ jet 83, flow (plg. Russian Oewuxcexue cmpiuamoe || cmpytinoe) PolZ 83, radial pressure (plg. Russian daenenkue paduansroe) PolŽ 79, double || strip || irrigation (plg. Russian nomus no AYHKAM || no nonocam) MelZ spark arc 95, discharge || (plg. Russian uckpoeot || Oy2oeoii paspad) FizZ film 37, bubble || cooking (plg. Russian kunewue naérourioe | ny3sbipuamoe) PolŽ 139, striped weaving (plg. Russian nepeniemenue capocesoe) PolZ 274; d) postpositional verbs of the controlling noun, e.g. : triangle star || connection (plg. Russian coedOuxexue mpeyzononurxonm || 36e3doii) FizZ 43, watering in grooves (plg. Russian 60posdkoidi nous) MelZ 96, lawning with windows || wall (plg. Russian 0depro8Ka 6 Kaemky || 6 buttermilk) PolZ circle 238, motion (plg. Russian OBuxcenue no kpyey) FizZ 41; e) with a control noun su preposition, e.g. flying on the back (plg. Russian noaém Ha cnune) PolZ 301, reception iš hearing (plg. in Russian Ka npuém cayx) PolZ 319, settlement according to contracts (plg. Russian pacučm no dozosopas) EkZ 190, plaster by markers (plg. rusy wmyxamypka no masxam) PolZ sales 505, by examples (plg. Russian npodaxca no o6pasyam) EkZ 167; f) With melting divider, e.g.: preservation by pickling by sieving by || drying || (plg. Russian Koxcepeuposarue nukenonoe cyxoe || coaénoe) || PolZ 153, threading when valved (plg. Russian xaxamxa pes66i) PolZ 212, stress at compress- || ive cracking || 6. Lithuanian terminology 81 end: food a) object; the residential b) place of ar growth; the place of c) origin; external d) features of the body (shape, color, etc.); internal ir characterise) tics (sensory characteristics of the subject, inclination, etc.); the distinctive į ką ir characterisf) tics of the individual organ (shape, colour, etc.); the researcher, ir with the g) exception of the one who ir described the species of living plant named by a compound term; the ar time when the plant is h) active, breeding, flowering, fruiting; the purpose, use of the plant or fruit; the entity's assessed systematic feature. i) jo j) 4.3. If the main element of a two-word compound term is the name of the action or process expressed in the verb abstract, then the secondary element of such a term may indicate: the object to which that action relates, or the object in which that process a) takes place; the way, or distinctive feature of the action process; the entity’s valuation characteristic; the time of the action b) or process; the purpose of the action. ar c) d) e) 4.4. If the main element of a two-word compound term is an adjective abstract, which indicates a characteristic, then the secondary element of such a term can describe: the direct object of the characteristic marked by li the main a) element of the compound term; the indirect object of the characteristic marked by the main focus of the b) compound term; the entity's assessment characteristic. Where the main element of a compound term c) consisting of two words designates a natural or artificial substance, the secondary element of such a term may describe: (a) the place where the substance occurs naturally or is formed; (b) the external or internal physical properties of that substance; (c) the intended use; (d) origin, etc. 5. Transformations occur in all groups of compound terms. Transformations can be not only one, but two, three and even more. Since the complex terms are not equal in permanence to the single-word terms, the transformation of the first plays a relatively important role in the norming practice. Abbreviations I English - A. Novodvorskis, English-Lithuanian Polytechnic Dictionary, Vilnius, 1958. Aug anat —J. Day, Plant Anatomy, Vilnius, 1950. BotŽ —Dictionary of Botanical Terms, Vilnius, 1965. ChemŽ-K. Dictionary of Chemistry, Oxford, 1960. Russian-- Lithuanian Dictionary of Economic Terms, Vilnius, 1966. Physics Dictionary, 1958. Flor —Flora of the Lithuanian SSR, I—IV, Vilnius, 1959—1971, GeolŽ —V. Geology and Physical Geography, 1956. Gram -—Lithuanian Grammar, Vilnius, I —1965, II —1971. LBŽ —Lietuviškas botanikos žodynas, Kaunas, 1938. MelZ —J. The Dictionary of the English Language, London, 1960. NBZ — V. Natali, Zoology of the Bestiary, Vilnius, 1966. Bird - T. Ivanauskas, Lietuvos paukščiai, I—III, Vilnius, 1955—1959, PolZ —Rusy-lietuviy kalbų politechninis žodynas, Vilnius, 1959. Sod —V, Venskutonis, I. Štaras, Sodininkystė, Vilnius, 1959, SportŽ —Sportinių terminų žodynas, Vilnius, 1959. TechT —Technical terms, 1—29, Kaunas, 1960—1969, TeisŽ — Dictionary of Legal Terms, 1954, Vilnius, TekstŽ —A. Jurevičius and A. Čižas, Explanatory Dictionary of Textile Terms, I, Vilnius, 1962. 88 What Aug —P. Snarskis, Lietuvos augalams pažinti, Vilnius, 1968. What vab — A. Lešinskas, S. Pileckis, Director Lithuanian insects, Vilnius, Vad žind —T. 1967. Ivanauskas, N. Likevičienė, S. Maldžiūnaitė, Handbook of mammals of Lithuania, Vilnius, 1964. Eat a mushroom — J. Mazelaitis, A. Minkevičius, Edible ir poisonous mushrooms, Vilnius, Zuv 1957. —A. Grigelis et al., Fish farming, Vilnius, 1967. V. V. Anskaitis, M. Kilas, Russian-Lithuanian Dictionary of Agricultural Terms, Vilnius, 1971. 11 A —adjectivum,,biidvardis* A, —adjective with suffix -inis-, -é Ac — adjectivum compositum,,compound adjective” Ad —adverbium,- ,adverb* N —nomen “noun” Pa —participium activi,,active participant” Pp —participium passivi,,non- -active participant” Pr —praepositio,,preposition” P, —participium adverbialis,- ,participant” —> —sign of possible transformation —X—> —sign of impossible transformation Zenkl Other signs —ordinary symbols of formal logic. K. TAABAHHC JBYUYJI EHHbIE COCTABHbIE TEPMHHbI B COBPEMEHHOM JIHTOBCKOM S$I3bIKE Pe3iome B crarbe paccMaTpHBaeTC1 HHBeHTApb rpaMMaTHUYECKHX KOHOĒHTYpalLIHŪ AByuJeHHBIX COCTABHbIX TEDMHHOB B COBpEeMEHHOM JIHTOBCKOM S135IKe. Bojiee MpojJįyKTHBHELIMH SBJISIOTCA 11 rpaMMATHUECKHX KOoHĖdHTrypanHH: 1) MecTOHMEHHOe TMpHJaraTejbHOe + HMA CYymecTBHTeJIbHOe (ATpuGdyTHBHOe CJIOBOCOueTAHHe); 2) HMS NpHJaraTeabHoe C cypdukcoM -inis, -ė + HMS CYMeCTBHTeJjIbHOe (aTpHOYTHBHOe6 CJIOBOCOYETaHHE); 3) MecToHMeHHOe NpHYacTHE CTpa/laTeJIbHOTO 3A4JIOra + HMS CymecTBHTeJIbHOe (aTpuOyTHBHOE CJIiOBOCOueTaHHe); 4) MEeCTOHMEHHOe NpHYaCTHE JeiiCTBHTEIBHOTO 3aJ10ra + HMS CYIIeCTBHTe- /bHOe (aTpHGY THBHOE CJIOBOCOUETaHHE); 5) CJ0KHOe NpHJIaraTeJIbHOe + HMS CYIIeCTBHTebHOE (aTpulyTHBHOE CjOoBOCOuYeTaHHe); 6) HMS CymecTBHTeJIbHOE + HMS CYIIeCTBHTe- /IbHOE (aTpubyTHBHOE CJIOBOCOYETAHHE THTIA PHJIOKEHUN); 7) ynpasJSIOLIee UMS CYIIECTBHTEJbHOE + yIpaBjifieMOe HMS CYUIeCTBHTEJbHOR; 8) HMS CVINECTBHTEJIbHOL + MPEAJIor + ynpaBjsieMoe HMS CYIeCTBHTEJbHOe; 9) HMS CymEecTBHTe/bHoe + mpuMbiKaomee aeenpuuactue; 10) HMS cymecTBHTENbHOE + NPHMHIKAlONMas Heonpejenennas OopMa raaona; 11) HMS cymecTBHTe BHO + NpHMEIKAIOILEe Hapeyne. BuifiesisieTcst HECKOJIBKO TEMATHUECKHX TPYMI COCTaBHbIX TEPMHHOB (Hanp., Ha3BaHHA HHC= TPYMEHTOB H areHTOB, CHCTeMATH3aLIHA pacTeHHH H XHBOTHLIX, Ha3BaHHA TPYJAOBHIX MPOIECCOB H onepanui, Ha3BAHHSA CBOHCTB H T.J.) H ONpPENeASNIOTCS OCHOBHBEIE (DYHKIHH HX BHJOBBIX KOMIIOHEHTOB. CocraBHbe TEDMHHEI B IĮeJIOM 60Jiee H3MEHYHBbIH NJIACT TEPMHHOJIEKCHKH, YeM, Hanpumep, OAHOCJIOBHBIE TEp MHHbI [T0O3TOMY B JIHTOBCKONH HayYHO-TEeXHHUECKOH TePMHHOJIOTHH acto Hab.oAaercs Tpanchopmaumss sToRo popa TepMHHOB. OHa OGycJIOBJIeHa B OCHOBHOM TpeMsi NpHuKHAMH: 1) HECOOTBETCTBHEM MEXAY MOJĖEJIAMH COCTAaBHBIX TEPMHHOB H CJIOBOCOUYETaHHI, ynorpeGisieMblX B APYTHX CTHJISX JIHTEPATYPHOrO A3blka; 2) aHasorueii BH/IOBbIX TEPMHHOB B CMEXHBIX TEPMHHOCHCTEMaX; 3) BJHSHHEM JAPYTrHX S3bIKOB. B cTaTbe paccMaTpuBaloTCs H OleHuBaloTcsl Gojiee uacTHbIe CJiygaH TaKOH TpaHchopMamuH. 89