M. Kondratiuk. „Nazwy miejscowe Południovo – wschodnej Białostocczyzny“

Hello. o near u common ir places in name trunks ir po m, v, j, k, s, p? ?. In the end of the lip po palatal ir lawfully has # (only here next occurs in u: time III 37,4 "they hold’). In all other cases, the end of the word ide. *4 reflects reflex o. So here it is. *4 the primary stage will also have been *a. O *4 o direction will be kites only lip, palatal po at the end of ir the word (in pronouns also ir po j, v, k, (s). In other cases, he remained healthy (BR-A-TI). However, the change in the cases mentioned here again, apparently, will differ from the southern dialect. Instead *4 of the Balts, we have ū(u), as V. Maziulis® has correctly pointed out, which simply could not have phonetically emerged from *4. So that *4 transformation į ū, anyway ar so, had to pass (and passed) through d the degree? *. O tą degree just as the ir words indicate su this reflex. But here it 6 will probably be narrower, becoming more closed. As a result, it could become similar to #, only turn into it or turn into it altogetherti (e.g. postam, -m-ū-ti, deiw-ū-tai 111 115,, "selig', poglab-ū, laik-u"). A similar development of unpronoun- *4 ced Balts has taken place in ir some of the Lithuanian Velyūniškiai schneck and nearby places**. Here discussed ide. *a reflexes in Prussian language monuments allow to draw the following conclusions: ide. 1. *4 probably was known to all the dialects of the Baltic languages ir jų as a wide open *a. 2. In the South Prussian dialect, t. y. the dialect in which Elbing Dictionary, this Baltic *4 (the present reflex will be a) narrowed, labialized, approaching the jo (0a) ar ir completely out of o. tune in the North Prussian — dialect in the — dialect of catechisms of the Balts *4 (available reflex will be a) narrowed labializavesis ir only lip, palatal end po of the word ir (in pronouns even ir before v, j, k, (s). On other occasions here he remained healthy. Jo change here will be somewhat different from the southern dialect. Because of the greater narrowing here it will become more and more tight, closed, and, turning out which in its color į 6, will have been closer iš ar ir completely transformed into it. The wave of *4 labialization ir of the Baltic narrowing, spreading through the historical Baltic territory to iš the į southwest northeast, will first reach the area of the Lithuanian language. 6, jį ma uo (excluding Karklė snake). The eastern ir highland dialects of the ji eastern Dzūki will arrive later. This is to why there ir is now in places it 4 is preserved generally, o in places — only in iš part. Languages of Latvia (except Latgalians) the Baltic *4 narrowing ir jo wave of labialization did not reach, ir here it remained unchanged. 3, It's going. *4 reflex in o the dialects ir jų of the Baltic languages is probably secondary. E. GRINAVECKIENĖ M. Kondratiuk, Local Names Southeast- — ern Bialostocczyzny, Wroclaw — Warsaw — Krakėw — Gdansk, 1974, 304 p. (with a map). Polish Folk Republics Scientific The Academy's serial publication ,,Monographs Slawistyczne“ In the 29th issue of the journal is published a research paper by Dr. Michal Kondratiuk’s work “Place names of the southeastern part of Bialystok Voivodeship” is interesting for Baltists in many aspects. ir 22 See. K. Buga, RR, III, p. 106. 288 See. V. Mažiulis, Baltų sant., Lithuania p. 12. *! Plg, Z. Zinkevičius, BV, p. 12. * Plg. A. Salys, A few notes on the history of dialects, APh IV, Kaunas, Lithuania 1933, p. 28; Z. Zinkevičius, Lithuanian dialectology, Vilnius, 1965, p. 68 ir map. No. 32, 33. 213 The southeast of — Bialystok Voivodeship is an area where there have been intense contacts between Baltic and Slavic languages in the past. According to the conclusions of many researchers (K. Buga, J. Kaminskis, G. Laumianskis, J. Otrembskis, V. Toporovas, S. Zajančkovskis and others), there is reason to believe that all or almost all of the territory of M. Kondratiuk’s survey was once inhabited by the Baltic peoples. However, the Whites could have lived in this territory at different times and for different lengths of time. But the presence of the Balts in these places is unquestionable. Here it is worth remembering that one of the left tributaries of the Bug (which flows in the very south of the spoken territory) has a name that is considered Baltic — Krzna < *Kresna (compare with Lithuanian Kirsna): pr. (jotv.) kirsnan, "black*!". Therefore, it is not surprising that M. Kondratiukas in his monograph also states the contacts of Baltic-Slavic languages, based on place names, more precisely, names of settlements, which in the territory under consideration the author counts 1585 (objects are somewhat fewer — 1338). Interestingly, the number of names of settlements has more than doubled since the second half of the 16th century — from 725 names in the second half of the 16th century to 1585 today. The structure of the reviewed work is as follows: 1) introduction (defines the object of research, gives historical knowledge about the territory under consideration, indicates the sources, provides comments on the research method, etc.); 2) a dictionary of place names; 3) analysis of the meaning and form of place names (according to the meaning, the author distinguishes kinship, topographic, possessive, cultural, patronymic, ethnic and other place names); 4) interlinguistic relations (Polish-Russian and Slavic-Baltic); 5) conclusions. The largest and most important chapter of the work is the second (pp. 19—233), which presents in alphabetical order all the names of the settlements (sometimes other) in the southeastern part of Bialystok Voivodeship. In fact, it is an etymological dictionary of the toponyms of this territory, since the names of the places presented also indicate the origin. The undoubted advantage of this chapter is that the author refers to the old genders of oikonimų, recorded in historical documents. Historical variants of oikonimos are very useful in explaining the origin of the names of current places. Perhaps the most important part of the work for Baltists is the analysis of the relations between Slavic and Baltic languages. The author points out that Lithuanian (Baltic) place names have been Slavified over a long time. Slavification affected not only the phonetics of Lithuanian place names, but also their morphology. "Examples of phonetic Slavification: Dojlidy—liet. Lillie, Lillie, Lillie. Liūliai, Paceliszki —liet. *Poceliškės or similar. The most popular method of morphological Slavification is the following: a Slavic suffix is added to the Lithuanian root (cf. Klewinowo — lit. clover, maple, maple). In total, the author finds about 45 Baltic place names, i.e. about 2.89% of all oikonimi. This is a fairly large layer of baltisms (if, of course, all of them are true), especially considering the already mentioned fact that in the second half of the 16th century there were only 725 oikonimų. According to the author, in the first half of the 15th century only 50 names of settlements were recorded in documents. Apparently, most of the oikonimų have been formed in the last few centuries, i.e. already in those historical times, when the old, autochthonous Baltic ethnic element in these lands was negligible or never disappearing. According to the author's calculations, most baltisms are between the Narev and Suprasl rivers. Many of them are unquestionable. That is, say, the name of a part of the city of Bialystok 1 B, H. Tonopos, /lse 3samerku n3 o6aactu 6a TrilcKoil TOnOKHHMHKH, —A bunch of letters dedicated to... Jan Endzelinam..., Riga, 1959, p. 256 etc. 214 Dojnowo, whose connection with lit. The song (from K. Šalčininkų and others r.) is obvious. The other part of Bialystok is called Dojlidy. The name of the place can be related to lit. "Silver and Gold (Silver & Gold)" (in Japanese). There is no doubt about the name of the village of Bialystok Dydule, which was written in 1577 Dzidziule. It is the equivalent of the Lithuanian toponym Didžiūliai (Šalčininkų raj.). Obvious baltisms are also Kiersnowo — village of Bialystok (cf. lit. Kirksnévé up., Kirsna up.: pr. kirsnan,,black®), Kiewtaki — village of Bialystok. 1634) 1634 – Kiethuriki, Lithuanian poet (d. c. 400 BC) and the 400 BC-c. Liuli —field and valley in Hermanuvka k., Bialystoko paviete (compare with Liūlynas b. near Veisiejai, Liūlė pv. —in the vicinity of Kurkliai), Narejki —k. "Białystok paviete, Narojki —k. Siemiatičiai village, near Drohičyna (see lit. Noreikiai village in Panevėžys district and others, as well as the surname Noreika, Noreikis), Olmonty —k. "Białystok paviete" (in Lithuanian). sernie.lt. 2000) and the 2001-2002 season of the WWE Raw (w/ SmackDown, Raw, and SmackDown Live). 2000) and the 2000-2001 season of the NHL Draft (NHL Draft 2000, NHL Draft 2000, NHL Draft 2000, NHL Draft 2000, and NHL Draft 2000). There may also be some ambiguity and doubts about another place name, which the author considers to be Baltic. For example, the name of the village Opaka in Hajnówka Voivodeship could not be considered Baltic, because it is probably derived from Slavic languages, their pronunciation. pe and the Polish language, the characteristic physiographic term —plg. left. opoka, ‘rock, stone block’, Czech. opoka, opona 'rock' in sloven. opeka,,skaliinas“?, brus. anoka,,rock, rock; limestone’’*, etc. But, in general, the author is able to distinguish Baltic place names from Slavic ones quite well, so his conclusions about Baltic-Slavic language contacts in the southeastern part of Bialystok Voivodeship can be believed. Therefore, M. Kondratiuk’s monograph “Place names of the southeastern part of Bialystok Voivodeship” is a solid work, whose significance is multiple: It is important to emphasize that this work can be used and supported not only by linguists, but also by historians, who study the problems of the ethnogenesis of the Balts and the past of the Balts in general. A. VANAGAS Abbreviations Ad — Adūtiškis, Švenčionių r.! Adm — Adamaičiai, Kelmės r., Pakražančio apylinkė. Agu —Aguikiške, Kapsuko r., Kazlų Rūdos aps. ahd. — Old High German (Althochdeutsch). water. — Irish. Akm — Stone. Akmn — Akmena, Vilnius r., Glitiškių apyl. Acne — Aknystélés, Utenos r., Leliūnų apyl. Axis — Alkas, Plungės r., Bubėnų apylinkė. AkV — Akmud, Varėnos r., Jakėnų apylinkė. Al — Alytus. Alj — Alleys, Raseinių district r. Alk — Alksnėnai, Vilkaviškio district r. * P. Niches, geographical Terminology of the Polish, Cologne, Germany 1964, p. 48. * I. 51. S1uukun, Benapyckis rearpagdiunsia Ha3Bbi, Minex, 1971, p. 13. * The district is not indicated when its name coincides with the name of the place of residence, indicated by an abbreviation. 215